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738:. At the Kara and Yugor Straits, the total biomass is more than 500 mg/m (0.00010 lb/sq ft), the highest in the Barents Sea. This benefits benthic organisms such as walruses. The Pechora River, the main input for the Pechora Sea, has an average yearly runoff of 130 km (31 cu mi). The Pechora Sea has 70 fish species, the most abundant being
670:
Ice formation is boosted by the Sea's low salinity. The temperature ranges from −1.0 to 1.5 °C (30.2 to 34.7 °F) below 150 m (490 ft); 0.5 to 2 °C (32.9 to 35.6 °F) at the central part of the Sea; and 5 to 8 °C (41 to 46 °F) in summer and autumn at the southern
705:
The Sea's cold continental climate, a result of its location in the dead centre of the continent, gives favourable conditions to ice formation. As a result of this continental position and abundance of ice, the Sea's water column is stratified, its sediment is heterogeneous and its pelagic
938:
Gasprom is not prepared to deal adequately with a spill associated with oil production. As such, in
September, 2013, Greenpeace staged a confrontation with the Russian Coast Guard in which Greenpeace activists approached and attempted to scale a Gasprom drilling platform.
701:
Counteracting the Sea's continental position is the influx of nutrients supplied by the
Pechora River, which gives the Sea 4,570 km (1,100 cu mi) of sediment and 12,500 tonnes (12,500,000 kg; 13,800 short tons) of other suspended matter.
1278:
553:
began operating in the latter part of the 16th century. This line opened up the way to
Siberia's riches and it worked until 1619, when it was closed for military and political reasons, for fear of possible penetration by Europeans into
619:, the Pechora Sea's hydrologic situation is unique for its high input from rivers and heavy continental outflow. The Pechora River alone discharges about 130 km (31 cu mi) of freshwater into the Pechora Sea from the
598:
The Sea's shallowness makes it distinct from the rest of the
Barents Sea. Over its 205,607 km (79,385 sq mi) area, the average depth in the Sea is around 50 m (160 ft). This shallowness prevents the
582:
The
Pechora Sea's average depth is 6 m (20 ft), and its deepest point reaches 210 m (690 ft). The mean depth ranges from 11 m (36 ft) in the Bay to 190 m (620 ft) south of
1286:
501:, shallowness, separation from the open sea and large input from rivers, as well as a low level of human interference historically. Its temperate characteristics are not typical of the Arctic.
493:. It is the site of the yearly migration of one of the largest salmon stocks in Northern Europe. Compared to the rest of the Barents Sea, the Pechora Sea is unique for its more
522:
The
Pechora Sea was used as a starting point of the exploration of the then unknown icy seas lying to the east. The earliest recorded voyage across the Pechora Sea through the
509:
Historically, before the adjacent
Barents Sea was named as such, the Pechora Sea's own name was already established. The rest of the present-day Barents Sea was known then as
1504:
Gebruk, Anna; Zalota, Anna K.; Dgebuadze, Polina; Ermilova, Yulia; Spiridonov, Vassily A.; Shabalin, Nikolay; Henry, Lea-Anne; Henley, Sian F.; Mokievsky, Vadim O. (2021).
1206:
591:, which influences the temperature and salinity of the central part of the Sea, flows eastwards. There are a few islands close to the coast, the largest of which is
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Its salinity ranges from 8 to 18 ‰ in the bay, 18 to 26 ‰ in the southern portion, and 34 ‰ in the central part, increasing with distance from the
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574:. At the central part of the Sea, the salinity stays around 34 ‰, and the temperature ranges from 0.5 to 2 °C (32.9 to 35.6 °F).
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The
Pechora Sea is blocked by floating ice from November to June—a relatively short period. The main river entering the Sea is the
930:
oil fields. The negative ecological impact of such industrial exploitation in the
Pechora Sea coast is significant. According to
1626:
191:
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is significant, giving the
Pechora Sea less Arctic-like characteristics than would be expected at latitudes so far from the
71:
1355:"Stable isotopes in benthic foraminiferal calcite from a river-influenced Arctic marine environment, Kara and Pechora Seas"
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489:
with conditions befitting for benthic life, the Pechora Sea supports about 600 taxa and the Barents Sea's highest total
1183:
2510:
1207:
Distribution of endemic cetaceans in relation to hydrocarbon development and commercial shipping in a warming Arctic
131:
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since the 11th century. The Arctic's first shipping line, the Great Mangazea Route, from the White Sea to the
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807:) as well as other fish populations from surrounding areas migrate throughout the Pechora Sea each autumn to
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below 150 m (490 ft): 34.5–34.95 ‰; central part: 34 ‰; summer and autumn, southern part: 18–26 ‰
846:
is more than 500 mg/m (0.00010 lb/sq ft), the highest in the Barents Sea. The most abundant
1845:
1619:
1338:
The Clearing-House Mechanism of the Convention on Biological Diversity: Information Submission Service
662:
sources like most oceans). This high input from rivers makes this area of the Arctic Ocean unique.
20:
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1797:
1395:
Dahle, Salve; Denisenko, Stanislav G.; Denisenko, Nina V.; Cochrane, Sabine J. (28 August 1998).
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ecosystem. The productive benthic environment fostered by the Pechora River holds more than 600
2505:
2118:
1209:, Marine Policy 44, pp.375-389, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.10.005, Retrieved on 29 January 2017
753:
fisheries, are of great importance for both Norway and Russia. There is a diversity of benthic
1506:"Trophic niches of benthic crustaceans in the Pechora Sea suggest that the invasive snow crab
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1334:"Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas: South-eastern Barents Sea (the Pechora Sea)"
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As of 2023, the Pechora Sea is one of the most developed places in the Arctic with regard to
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1144:, p. 3, 'steady, declerating increase of salinities with distance from the estuaries'.
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1253:"Prirazlomnaya oil spill would threaten Russian Arctic with irreparable disaster: study"
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fishes inhabit the Sea. One of the largest Northern European stocks of Atlantic salmon (
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In current times there is some oil drilling in the Pechora Sea at the Dolginskoye and
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in Northern Europe, and one of the region's largest, spawns in the Pechora's estuary.
2020:
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A marginal sea at the north-west of Russia, the south-eastern part of the Barents Sea
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Compared to other seas around the world, the Arctic Ocean's river-heavy source of
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Politova, N. V.; Kravchishina, N. D.; Novigatsky, A. N.; Lokhov, A. S. (2019).
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The Russian Expansion Towards Asia and the Arctic in the Middle Ages (to 1500)
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1279:"Environmentalists warn of risk of oil production in the Russian Arctic"
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RUSSIAN NAVAL OFFICERS AND GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORATION IN NORTHERN RUSSIA.
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and most other waterfowl species use the Sea as a stopover point.
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migrate into Pechora Sea for wintering. Various species such as
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Polyak, Leonid; Stanovoy, Vladimir; Lubinski, David J. (2003).
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Makarevich, Pavel; Druzhkova, Elena; Larionov, Viktor (2012).
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Pechora Sea pollution causes diseases of the Atlantic walruses
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of nutrients from the Atlantic, contributing to the Sea's low
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Leonid Sverdlov, (Member of the Russian Geographic Society),
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The Pechora Sea is the main 'staging and moulting ground for
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covers the floor of the Sea's coastal zone. On top of it is
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1205:
Reeves R.R., Ewins J.P., Agbayani S., Blijleven J., 2013,
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530:. Uleb's passing into the Kara Sea was recorded in 1032.
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654:) make up more than a third of the Arctic Ocean's total
1184:
Regional Environment Case Study - Barents and Kara Seas
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There are about 600 taxa in the Pechora Sea. Various
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Human impact on coastal stability in the Pechora Sea
749:
The fisheries of the Barents Sea, in particular the
1432:"Chapter 16: Primary Producers of the Barents Sea"
1340:. Convention on Biological Diversity. 12 June 2015
1285:. Associated Press. 14 August 2012. Archived from
757:on the Pechora Sea floor. In addition, there is a
1545:20.500.11820/b83e5a04-2393-46e4-a4d2-3b94741800c4
1458:"Dispersed Sedimentary Matter of the Barents Sea"
686:The Pechora Sea has a humid continental climate.
2497:
765:population associated with the Barents Sea. The
221:
658:from continental sources (as opposed to mostly
541:shores, have explored the Sea and the coast of
526:was made by early Russian explorer Uleb, from
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894:Relative to the rest of the Barents Sea, the
36:
1570:, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
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665:
462:, forming the south-eastern portion of the
2521:Bodies of water of Nenets Autonomous Okrug
1627:
1613:
1575:Oil and Gas Resources in North-West Russia
1312:
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698:, which exceptionally burdens the Arctic.
571:
570:. The Sea's salinity ranges from 18 to 34
478:; and to the north by the southern end of
393:
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1378:
333:330,000 km (127,000 sq mi)
1320:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 20 July 1998
1245:
917:
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1271:
1067:Convention on Biological Diversity 2015
777:are threatened by possible pollutions.
358:81,263 km (31,376 sq mi)
2498:
1608:
382:4,380 km (1,050 cu mi)
1142:Polyak, Stanovoy & Lubinski 2003
1103:Polyak, Stanovoy & Lubinski 2003
742:. This species is important for the
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2516:Bodies of water of the Barents Sea
1397:"Benthic fauna in the Pechora Sea"
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14:
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1510:could be an important competitor"
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1600:. The American Historical Review
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714:1 km (0.62 mi)-wide
537:, the coastal dwellers of the
1:
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485:Located in the centre of the
1441:. InTech. pp. 367–392.
898:of the Pechora Sea is poor.
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610:
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7:
1568:Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus
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415:−1.0 °C (30.2 °F)
181:Show map of European Russia
59:Location of the Pechora Sea
10:
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1846:American Mediterranean Sea
1535:10.1007/s00300-020-02775-3
1437:. In Ali, Mahamane (ed.).
1305:
922:Prirazlomnoye oil platform
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587:. The Atlantic-influenced
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474:'s western coasts and the
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615:As with the neighbouring
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2511:Seas of the Arctic Ocean
1652:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
1565:C. Michael Hogan (2008)
942:
726:Biogeography and ecology
666:Temperature and salinity
374:210 m (690 ft)
21:Pechora (disambiguation)
1798:Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea
1439:Diversity of Ecosystems
1132:, p. 187, Table 2.
2119:Great Australian Bight
1582:S. A. Ogorodov (2004)
923:
796:
678:of the Pechora River.
407:8 °C (46 °F)
921:
913:petroleum exploration
788:
730:It supports a unique
706:productivity is low.
423:November to late June
366:6 m (20 ft)
1966:Gulf of St. Lawrence
1596:C. Raymond Beazley,
1380:10.1029/2001PA000752
1231:Politova et al. 2019
814:Coregonus autumnalis
639:10 lb) yearly.
487:East-Atlantic flyway
19:For other uses, see
2267:Gulf of Carpentaria
2061:Sea of the Hebrides
1690:King Haakon VII Sea
1526:2021PoBio..44...57G
1508:Chionoecetes opilio
1474:2019Ocgy...59..697P
1410:. Bergen: 183–210.
1371:2003PalOc..18.1003P
1289:on 3 September 2019
1283:The Washington Post
1242:S.A. Ogorodov, 2004
936:World Wildlife Fund
842:Straits, the total
790:Chionoecetes opilio
495:continental climate
240: /
2262:Gulf of California
2159:Mozambique Channel
1803:Queen Victoria Sea
1665:Bellingshausen Sea
1118:Gebruk et al. 2021
924:
797:
694:are threatened by
476:Yugorsky Peninsula
151:Show map of Russia
121:Show map of Europe
91:Show map of Arctic
2493:
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2472:Oceans portal
2021:Mediterranean Sea
1971:Gulf of Venezuela
1763:East Siberian Sea
1705:Riiser-Larsen Sea
1448:978-953-51-0572-5
1257:Greenpeace Russia
1219:Dahle et al. 1998
1154:Dahle et al. 1998
1130:Dahle et al. 1998
1006:Dahle et al. 1998
979:Dahle et al. 1998
883:Sarcomastigophora
826:Long-tailed ducks
710:Seafloor sediment
671:part of the Sea.
516:Murmanskoye Morye
470:; to the east by
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319:Ocean/sea sources
244:69.750°N 54.000°E
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2402:Endorheic basins
2282:Gulf of Thailand
2134:Gulf of Khambhat
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404:Max. temperature
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2272:Gulf of Fonseca
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2085:
1936:Gulf of Finland
1931:Gulf of Bothnia
1916:English Channel
1886:Bay of Campeche
1851:Archipelago Sea
1817:
1773:Gulf of Boothia
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2279:
2277:Gulf of Panama
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2257:Gulf of Anadyr
2254:
2252:Gulf of Alaska
2249:
2247:East China Sea
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2076:Tyrrhenian Sea
2073:
2068:
2066:Sea of Marmara
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1956:Gulf of Mexico
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:Gulf of Guinea
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1881:Bay of Bothnia
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1823:Atlantic Ocean
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1675:Cosmonauts Sea
1672:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1609:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1580:
1572:
1563:
1558:
1501:
1468:(5): 697–714.
1453:
1447:
1427:
1392:
1350:
1330:
1318:Britannica.com
1309:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1270:
1244:
1235:
1223:
1221:, p. 187.
1211:
1198:
1187:
1176:
1167:
1165:S. Dahle, 2004
1158:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1107:
1086:
1071:
1010:
1008:, p. 185.
983:
981:, p. 184.
967:
966:
964:
961:
958:
957:
947:
946:
944:
941:
908:
905:
903:
900:
891:
888:
782:
779:
727:
724:
711:
708:
696:climate change
683:
680:
667:
664:
631:10 tonnes (6.1
612:
609:
607:productivity.
579:
576:
563:
560:
506:
503:
472:Vaygach Island
432:
431:
429:
425:
424:
421:
417:
416:
413:
409:
408:
405:
401:
400:
397:
396:
390:
384:
383:
380:
376:
375:
372:
368:
367:
364:
360:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
335:
334:
331:
329:Catchment area
325:
324:
321:
315:
314:
309:
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
287:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
263:
257:
256:
249:69.750; 54.000
224:
218:
217:
204:
203:
196:
195:
189:
188:
187:
186:
174:
173:
166:
165:
159:
158:
157:
156:
144:
143:
136:
135:
129:
128:
127:
126:
114:
113:
106:
105:
99:
98:
97:
96:
84:
83:
76:
75:
69:
68:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2538:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:European seas
2504:
2503:
2501:
2486:
2485:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:Halmahera Sea
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2184:Pacific Ocean
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:Laccadive Sea
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:Gulf of Kutch
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:Gulf of Aqaba
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Bay of Bengal
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Norwegian Sea
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Levantine Sea
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:Gulf of Sidra
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:Gulf of Maine
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1926:Greenland Sea
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Caribbean Sea
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:Bay of Biscay
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Argentine Sea
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:Greenland Sea
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:Amundsen Gulf
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:D'Urville Sea
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:Polar Biology
1511:
1509:
1502:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1319:
1315:
1314:"Pechora Sea"
1311:
1310:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1126:
1120:, p. 57.
1119:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
980:
975:
973:
968:
952:
948:
940:
937:
933:
929:
928:Prirazlomnoye
920:
916:
914:
899:
897:
896:water quality
887:
885:
884:
879:
878:
873:
872:
871:Echinodermata
867:
866:
861:
860:
855:
854:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
827:
823:
818:
816:
815:
810:
806:
802:
795:
791:
787:
778:
776:
772:
771:beluga whales
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
723:
721:
717:
707:
703:
699:
697:
693:
689:
679:
677:
672:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
626:
625:sediment load
622:
621:Pechora River
618:
608:
606:
602:
596:
594:
593:Dolgiy Island
590:
586:
585:Novaya Zemlya
575:
569:
559:
557:
552:
548:
544:
543:Novaya Zemlya
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
520:
517:
512:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
480:Novaya Zemlya
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
443:
439:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
363:Average depth
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
343:
340:
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
316:
313:
310:
308:
302:
299:Pechora River
298:
296:River sources
294:
291:
290:Pechora River
288:
286:
280:
277:
274:
270:
267:
264:
262:
258:
253:
225:
219:
193:
163:
133:
103:
73:
63:
56:
51:
46:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2482:
2463:
2337:Sea of Japan
2212:Bismarck Sea
2164:Persian Gulf
2149:Gulf of Suez
2144:Gulf of Oman
2124:Gulf of Aden
2091:Indian Ocean
2071:Thracian Sea
2056:Sea of Crete
2046:Sea of Åland
2041:Sargasso Sea
2016:Ligurian Sea
2001:Labrador Sea
1991:Irminger Sea
1946:Gulf of Lion
1901:Bothnian Sea
1891:Bay of Fundy
1866:Balearic Sea
1831:Adriatic Sea
1792:
1753:Beaufort Sea
1735:Arctic Ocean
1660:Amundsen Sea
1597:
1591:
1583:
1574:
1567:
1520:(1): 57–71.
1517:
1513:
1507:
1495:18 September
1493:. Retrieved
1465:
1461:
1438:
1421:18 September
1419:. Retrieved
1407:
1403:
1386:18 September
1384:. Retrieved
1362:
1358:
1344:18 September
1342:. Retrieved
1337:
1324:18 September
1322:. Retrieved
1317:
1291:. Retrieved
1287:the original
1282:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1256:
1247:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1201:
1190:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1105:, p. 1.
951:
925:
910:
893:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
833:
819:
812:
798:
789:
748:
739:
729:
720:flaw polynya
713:
704:
700:
685:
673:
669:
641:
614:
597:
581:
565:
551:Yenisei Gulf
532:
521:
510:
508:
484:
437:
435:
379:Water volume
355:Surface area
323:Arctic Ocean
312:Arctic Ocean
272:Part of
25:
2415:Caspian Sea
2387:Visayan Sea
2367:Solomon Sea
2362:Sibuyan Sea
2357:Shantar Sea
2312:Molucca Sea
2307:Mar de Grau
2237:Chilean Sea
2232:Celebes Sea
2227:Camotes Sea
2192:Arafura Sea
2104:Arabian Sea
2099:Andaman Sea
2051:Sea of Azov
2026:Myrtoan Sea
1841:Alboran Sea
1793:Pechora Sea
1788:Lincoln Sea
1758:Chukchi Sea
1748:Barents Sea
1725:Weddell Sea
1695:Lazarev Sea
1365:(1): 1003.
1233:, Abstract.
907:Oil and gas
822:king eiders
805:Salmo salar
759:genetically
746:ecosystem.
744:cryopelagic
688:Polar bears
464:Barents Sea
438:Pechora Sea
276:Barents Sea
247: /
222:Coordinates
205:Pechora Sea
175:Pechora Sea
145:Pechora Sea
115:Pechora Sea
85:Pechora Sea
31:Pechora Sea
2500:Categories
2451:Superocean
2425:Salton Sea
2392:Yellow Sea
2382:Tasman Sea
2327:Salish Sea
2207:Bering Sea
2114:Flores Sea
2081:Wadden Sea
2011:Libyan Sea
1981:Ionian Sea
1976:Hudson Bay
1921:Foxe Basin
1911:Celtic Sea
1871:Baltic Sea
1861:Baffin Bay
1836:Aegean Sea
1808:Wandel Sea
1783:Laptev Sea
1715:Scotia Sea
1700:Mawson Sea
1462:Oceanology
963:References
932:Greenpeace
801:anadromous
763:polar bear
652:jet stream
578:Bathymetry
428:References
371:Max. depth
2347:Seram Sea
2317:Moro Gulf
2242:Coral Sea
2222:Bohol Sea
2217:Bohai Sea
2202:Banda Sea
2174:Timor Sea
2031:North Sea
1996:James Bay
1986:Irish Sea
1896:Black Sea
1813:White Sea
1720:Somov Sea
1680:Davis Sea
1554:230533350
1490:211265306
1416:0036-4827
1293:15 August
1263:15 August
890:Pollution
865:Crustacea
794:snow crab
769:group of
761:distinct
660:saltwater
611:Hydrology
601:upwelling
562:Geography
539:White Sea
392:18–34.95
2484:Category
2420:Dead Sea
2410:Aral Sea
2377:Sulu Sea
2332:Savu Sea
2302:Koro Sea
2297:Java Sea
2197:Bali Sea
1778:Kara Sea
1710:Ross Sea
934:and the
877:Mollusca
853:Annelida
775:walruses
767:Karskaya
716:fast ice
617:Kara Sea
549:and the
547:Ob River
533:Russian
499:salinity
497:, lower
454:) is an
388:Salinity
2169:Red Sea
1577:(2008)
1522:Bibcode
1470:Bibcode
1367:Bibcode
1306:Sources
902:Economy
859:Bryozoa
844:biomass
834:At the
829:scoters
732:benthic
682:Climate
648:equator
605:pelagic
568:Pechora
556:Siberia
505:History
491:biomass
442:Russian
235:54°00′E
232:69°45′N
45:Russian
2434:Others
1640:oceans
1552:
1488:
1445:
1414:
1404:Sarsia
656:runoff
644:inflow
627:of 6.1
535:Pomors
456:Arctic
420:Frozen
345:Russia
41:
2441:Ocean
1636:Earth
1550:S2CID
1486:S2CID
1435:(PDF)
1400:(PDF)
943:Notes
848:phyla
840:Yugor
809:spawn
755:fauna
736:fauna
676:mouth
339:Basin
1644:seas
1642:and
1497:2023
1443:ISBN
1423:2023
1412:ISSN
1388:2023
1346:2023
1326:2023
1295:2012
1265:2012
880:and
850:are
838:and
836:Kara
690:and
436:The
261:Type
2446:Sea
1638:'s
1540:hdl
1530:doi
1478:doi
1375:doi
751:cod
519:).
266:Sea
2502::
1548:.
1538:.
1528:.
1518:44
1516:.
1512:.
1484:.
1476:.
1466:59
1464:.
1460:.
1408:83
1406:.
1402:.
1373:.
1363:18
1361:.
1357:.
1336:.
1316:.
1281:.
1255:.
1110:^
1089:^
1074:^
1013:^
986:^
971:^
915:.
886:.
874:,
868:,
862:,
856:,
824:.
722:.
595:.
558:.
482:.
448:,
444::
1628:e
1621:t
1614:v
1556:.
1542::
1532::
1524::
1499:.
1480::
1472::
1451:.
1425:.
1390:.
1377::
1369::
1348:.
1328:.
1297:.
1267:.
1156:.
1084:.
1069:.
637:×
633:×
629:×
572:‰
513:(
440:(
394:‰
47:)
43:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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