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455:'s translation of some of the texts of the Avesta in the late 18th century, the term "Zend-Avesta" was mistakenly used to refer to the sacred texts themselves (as opposed to commentaries on them). This usage subsequently led to the equally mistaken use of "Pazend" for the Avestan script as such and "Zend" for the Avestan language.
443:
into the
Avestan alphabet. The latter process, being a form of interpretation, was known as 'pa-zand'. "Pazand texts, transcribed phonetically, represent a late and often corrupt Middle Persian pronunciation, and so present their own problems." "The corruptions during this process are sometimes
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In combination with its religious purpose, these features constituted a "sanctification" of written Middle
Persian. The use of the Avestan alphabet to write Middle Persian required the addition of one symbol to the Avestan alphabet: This character, to represent the
448:) to prayers in Avestan. These prefatory prayers are invariably written in Pazend because of the need for "accurate" pronunciation. This practice has led to the misconception that "Pazend" is the name of a language.
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435:, Pazend lost its purpose and soon ceased to be used for original composition. In the late 11th or early 12th century, Indian Zoroastrians (the
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that continued to be spelled as in
Aramaic (in Pahlavi script) but were pronounced as the corresponding word in Persian.
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439:) began translating Avestan or Middle Persian texts into Sanskrit and Gujarati. Some Middle Persian texts were also
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367:, which can be translated as either "for commentary purposes" or "according to understanding" (phonetically).
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Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First
Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (January/February 2000): 21.
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363:) on and/or translations of the Avesta. The word "Pazend" ultimately derives from the Avestan words
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Pazend had the following characteristics, both of which are to be contrasted with
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Boyce, Mary (1968), "Middle
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Boyce, Mary (1984), "Sanskrit, Old
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considerable." Among the transcribed texts are the prefaces (
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phoneme of Middle
Persian, had not previously been needed.
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Pazend's principal use was for writing the commentaries (
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252:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
390:alphabet. In contrast, Pahlavi script was only an
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266:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
483:Textual sources for the study of Zoroastrianism
342:, a phonetic alphabet originally used to write
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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513:Dhalla, Maneckji Nusservanji (1938),
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256:. For the distinction between ,
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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338:language. It was based on the
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16:Middle Persian writing system
378:Pazend was a variant of the
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427:Following the fall of the
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694:101 Names of Ahura Mazda
880:Three Persian religions
499:Iranistik II: Literatur
328:𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌
244:phonetic transcriptions
346:, the language of the
984:Fire temples in India
652:Scripture and worship
979:Fire temples in Iran
766:Accounts and legends
397:Pazend did not have
193:Egyptian hieroglyphs
165:Right-to-left script
43:improve this article
853:History and culture
699:Udvada Atash Behram
203:Phoenician alphabet
783:Book of Arda Viraf
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
48:
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38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
999:
803:Frashokereti
757:Atash Behram
747:The Revayats
708:Adur Farnbag
689:Fire Temples
679:Yenghe hatam
674:Ahuna Vairya
643:Angra Mainyu
514:
498:
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482:
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459:Bibliography
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369:
365:paiti zainti
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358:
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311:
275:
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260:and ⟨
242:
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96:
86:
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53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
958:in Pakistan
916:Persecution
875:Khurramites
588:Persia/Iran
573:Zarathustra
568:Ahura Mazda
441:transcribed
384:Din dabireh
152:Time period
139:Script type
1015:Categories
921:in Armenia
813:Hamistagan
669:Ashem Vohu
583:Vohu Manah
451:Following
404:huzvarishn
320:𐭯𐭠𐭰𐭭𐭣
99:March 2018
69:newspapers
909:Adherents
890:Festivals
870:Mazdakism
865:Zurvanism
778:Bundahišn
593:Faravahar
429:Sassanids
399:ideograms
171:Languages
161:Direction
1001:Category
931:in India
895:Marriage
885:Calendar
808:Xrafstar
732:Visperad
727:Vendidad
446:dibacheh
411:such as
388:phonetic
258:/ /
254:Help:IPA
144:Alphabet
58:"Pazend"
953:in Iraq
948:in Iran
839:Kashmar
773:Dēnkard
752:Ab-Zohr
628:Yazatas
598:Avestan
413:Aramaic
372:Pahlavi
344:Avestan
324:Avestan
246:in the
83:scholar
1026:Avesta
941:Parsis
900:Burial
860:Parsis
827:Cities
818:Duzakh
737:Yashts
664:Gathas
659:Avesta
638:Daevas
633:Ahuras
437:Parsis
348:Avesta
312:Pazand
276:Pazend
262:
222:Pazend
124:Pazend
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
972:Lists
936:Irani
834:Balkh
722:Yasna
433:Islam
392:abjad
310:) or
250:(IPA)
90:JSTOR
76:books
844:Yazd
578:Asha
360:Zend
62:news
422:/l/
45:by
1017::
354:.
326::
322:;
318::
546:e
539:t
532:v
503:.
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394:.
382:(
314:(
306:/
303:d
300:n
297:ɛ
294:z
291:ˈ
288:ə
285:p
282:/
278:(
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112:)
106:(
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97:(
87:·
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73:·
66:·
39:.
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