451:
383:, as the rapid pace of innovation makes much of the patent system obsolete. In the 1980s, technology corporations in the United States and Japan engaged in a patent war, creating a scenario where companies were forced to "fight patent with patent." This bilateral patent war, partly exaggerated by the media, subsided by the mid 1990s.
398:. According to Detkin, Intel was "sued for libel for the use of the term 'patent extortionists' so I came up with 'patent trolls...a patent troll is somebody who tries to make a lot of money off a patent that they are not practicing and have no intention of practicing and in most cases never practiced."
473:
and encourage innovation, granting innovative companies a temporary competitive advantage over their rivals; however, patents have been used offensively through threats of litigation. This forces companies to allocate time and money that could have been better spent on research and development.
446:
operating system for mobile devices. This triggered a "war" between major technology companies in the mobile market. Apple has been accused of having links to the company
Digitude Innovations, which has been labeled as a patent troll. Following this warfare, Apple itself has also been called a
343:
for litigation, whether offensively or defensively. There are ongoing patent wars between the world's largest technology and software corporations. Contemporary patent wars are a global phenomenon, fought by multinational corporations based in the United States, China, Europe, Japan, Korea and
487:
announced in 2012 an "Innovator's Patent
Agreement" promising not to use its patents opportunistically and without the consent of the company's employees. There have been commentators favoring abolishing patents entirely, outside of the industries that require them.
368:, credited with inventing the telephone, was dragged into a patent war against his rivals, which involved, in just 11 years, 600 lawsuits. One notable case was Bell's lawsuit against
505:
652:
401:
During the 1990s, federal courts began reversing earlier decisions made by the patent office that restricted the patenting of software. In 1997, software companies
364:, sought to prevent competitors from manufacturing airplanes through litigation, stifling the development of the American airline industry.
513:
536:
141:
593:
933:
857:
823:
693:
625:
660:
322:
136:
442:, Apple brought the patent wars to the smartphone market by its desire to "go thermonuclear war" on Google's competing
126:
981:
787:
1007:
219:
906:
734:
429:. In 2004, Sony and Kodak engaged in a patent war over digital cameras, a dispute which lasted until 2007.
296:
344:
Taiwan. Patent wars have occurred in a wide range of technologies, both in the past and in the present.
443:
353:
464:
183:
162:
111:
80:
315:
224:
131:
1037:
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365:
189:
49:
44:
54:
8:
1042:
308:
291:
214:
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199:
194:
95:
567:
454:
Alexander Graham Bell was involved in a patent war over the invention of the telephone.
418:
167:
90:
75:
70:
685:
The
Economics and Management of Intellectual Property: Towards Intellectual Capitalism
853:
819:
689:
621:
426:
240:
209:
116:
421:. In 1999, a patent for "one-click ordering technology" led to a patent war between
255:
121:
85:
880:
433:
380:
357:
281:
260:
250:
716:
Sandburg, Brenda (30 July 2001). "Inventor's lawyer makes a pile from patents".
414:
1031:
369:
476:
395:
387:
286:
39:
438:
402:
373:
483:
There are numerous proposals aimed at reducing the risk of patent wars.
450:
907:"Kodak and Sony end patent dispute over digital photography inventions"
422:
406:
265:
390:. The term "patent troll" was coined in the 1990s by the employees of
146:
361:
484:
410:
340:
34:
934:"Apple Made A Deal With The Devil (No, Worse: A Patent Troll)"
391:
386:
Exacerbating the frequency of patent wars was the advent of
339:
is a "battle" between corporations or individuals to secure
852:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 170–173.
379:
The occurrence of patent wars has been shaped by the
480:
has written that "only lawyers win in patent wars."
594:"Apple-Samsung Trial Highlights Tricky Patent Wars"
613:
1029:
982:"Is Twitter trying to end the tech patent wars?"
845:
609:
607:
568:"Infographic: Smartphone Patent Wars Explained"
537:"Can You Get A Patent On Being A Patent Troll?"
104:Patentability requirements and related concepts
681:
376:, also credited with inventing the telephone.
688:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 140–141.
675:
352:Patent wars are not a new phenomenon. In the
316:
839:
604:
849:Cyberethics: Morality and Law in Cyberspace
620:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 176–177.
617:The Worldwide History of Telecommunications
811:
506:"Patent Wars Turn Tech into a Battlefield"
323:
309:
1008:"Why We Need To Abolish Software Patents"
805:
715:
503:
449:
436:started in the late 2000s. According to
931:
785:
759:
650:
534:
458:
360:, attributed with the invention of the
16:Battle to secure patents for litigation
1030:
1005:
565:
979:
729:
727:
561:
559:
557:
788:"Symantec retreats in antivirus war"
646:
644:
591:
881:"Digital camera patent war hots up"
786:Galante, Suzanne (29 August 1997).
614:Anton A. Huurdeman (31 July 2003).
585:
13:
957:
932:Kincaid, Jason (9 December 2011).
724:
554:
497:
127:Inventive step and non-obviousness
14:
1054:
682:Ove Granstrand (1 October 2000).
653:"Only Lawyers Win in Patent Wars"
641:
566:Sascha, Segan (19 January 2012).
846:Richard Spinello (6 July 2010).
760:Galante, Suzanne (8 July 1997).
651:Popelka, Larry (24 April 2012).
469:Patents are intended to protect
1006:Wadhwa, Vivek (7 August 2010).
999:
973:
951:
925:
899:
873:
779:
753:
535:Francis, Theo (2 August 2012).
815:The Perfect Store: Inside eBay
762:"Trend Micro wages patent war"
709:
528:
372:. Western Union was backed by
1:
960:"Apple is a patent-troll now"
504:Rowinski, Dan (1 June 2012).
491:
980:Laird, Sam (18 April 2012).
818:. Hachette Inc. p. 90.
592:Lohr, Steve (30 July 2012).
176:By region / country
7:
394:and popularized by Intel's
10:
1059:
812:Adam Cohen (3 June 2003).
462:
354:Wright brothers patent war
347:
233:By specific subject matter
465:Societal views on patents
417:fought a patent war over
184:Patent Cooperation Treaty
163:Sufficiency of disclosure
142:Person skilled in the art
112:Patentable subject matter
155:Other legal requirements
132:Industrial applicability
455:
735:"When Patents Attack"
471:intellectual property
453:
366:Alexander Graham Bell
459:Effects and response
63:Procedural concepts
598:The New York Times
456:
427:Barnes & Noble
419:antivirus software
168:Unity of invention
859:978-1-4496-5402-3
825:978-0-316-16493-1
695:978-1-84064-463-0
663:on April 26, 2012
627:978-0-471-20505-0
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913:. 3 January 2007
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659:. Archived from
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516:on 6 August 2012
512:. Archived from
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434:smartphone wars
388:patent trolling
358:Wright brothers
350:
329:
282:Patent analysis
246:Business method
17:
12:
11:
5:
1056:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1038:Legal disputes
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1024:
998:
972:
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911:New York Times
898:
887:. 1 April 2004
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741:. 22 July 2011
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463:Main article:
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447:patent-troll.
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958:Wilcox, Joe.
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1015:. Retrieved
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989:. Retrieved
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963:. Retrieved
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941:. Retrieved
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769:. Retrieved
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743:. Retrieved
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718:The Recorder
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699:. Retrieved
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665:. Retrieved
661:the original
657:Businessweek
656:
631:. Retrieved
616:
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575:. Retrieved
571:
544:. Retrieved
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518:. Retrieved
514:the original
510:ReadWriteWeb
509:
499:
482:
477:Businessweek
475:
468:
437:
432:The current
431:
400:
396:Peter Detkin
385:
378:
351:
336:
334:
287:Pirate Party
117:Inventorship
96:Infringement
40:Patent claim
965:20 December
572:PC Magazine
439:PC Magazine
403:Trend Micro
381:digital age
374:Elisha Gray
220:Netherlands
76:Prosecution
71:Application
1043:Patent law
1032:Categories
1012:Techcrunch
938:Techcrunch
492:References
423:Amazon.com
407:Integralis
337:patent war
241:Biological
81:Opposition
22:Patent law
256:Insurance
190:Australia
147:Prior art
91:Licensing
86:Valuation
55:Criticism
50:Economics
27:Overviews
1017:8 August
991:6 August
943:6 August
917:6 August
891:6 August
865:7 August
831:7 August
797:6 August
771:6 August
745:8 August
701:6 August
667:6 August
633:7 August
577:6 August
546:6 August
520:6 August
415:Symantec
362:airplane
297:Glossary
292:Category
274:See also
261:Software
251:Chemical
485:Twitter
444:Android
411:McAffee
348:History
341:patents
210:Germany
137:Utility
122:Novelty
45:History
856:
822:
692:
624:
356:, the
205:Europe
195:Canada
35:Patent
392:Intel
215:Japan
200:China
186:(PCT)
1019:2012
993:2012
967:2012
945:2012
919:2012
893:2012
867:2012
854:ISBN
833:2012
820:ISBN
799:2012
792:CNET
773:2012
766:CNET
747:2012
703:2012
690:ISBN
669:2012
635:2012
622:ISBN
579:2012
548:2012
522:2012
425:and
413:and
986:CNN
885:BBC
739:NPR
541:NPR
266:Tax
1034::
1010:.
984:.
936:.
909:.
883:.
790:.
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737:.
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655:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.