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Jet airliner

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928: 512: 1012: 761: 869: 363: 524: 2706: 91: 193: 50: 348: 288: 1072:) was much less costly to operate then the quad engine A380. The final blow to the A380 program came when Emirates cancelled a major order in 2018 and left Airbus without enough demand to continue production. It cancelled the program after realizing it would never recoup the โ‚ฌ25 billon ($ 30 billion) spent on 671:
and Douglas aircraft jet airliner designs, with widely spaced podded engines underslung on pylons beneath a swept wing, proved to be the most common arrangement and was most easily compatible with the large-diameter high-bypass turbofan engines that subsequently prevailed for reasons of quietness and
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entered service in January 1970, marking the debut of the high-bypass turbofan which lowered operating costs, and the initial models which could seat up to 400 passengers earned it the nickname "Jumbo Jet". The Boeing 747 revolutionized air travel by making commercial air travel more affordable as
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magazine, said, "Piloting a jet aircraft has confirmed one opinion I had formed after flying as a passenger in the Lancastrian jet test beds, that few, if any, having flown in a jet-propelled transport, will wish to revert to the noise, vibration and attendant fatigue of an airscrew-propelled
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It carried 36 passengers up to 2500 miles (4000 km) at a speed of 450mph (725 km/h). Serious structural problems arose not even two years after entering service and prompted several changes in design. The last original Comet was retrofitted in 1958. Also developed in 1949 was the
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in 2021. Airbus began designing it in the 90s with the expectation that airlines would be moving many people between large hubs with just one flight. Their focus was on building a very large plane with a conventional metal airframe and engines to supersede the
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The early jet airliners had much lower interior levels of noise and vibration than contemporary piston-engined aircraft, so much so that in 1947, after piloting a jet powered aircraft for the first time, Wing Commander Maurice A. Smith, editor of
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Most airliners today are powered by jet engines, because they are capable of safely operating at high speeds and generate sufficient thrust to power large-capacity aircraft. The first jetliners, introduced in the 1950s, used the simpler
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The most modern airliners are characterized by increased use of composite materials, high-bypass ratio turbofan engines, and more advanced digital flight systems. Examples of the latest widebody airliners are the
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twinjet, using the twin-engine configuration given past design successes, projected engine developments, and reduced-cost benefits. In addition, Boeing also released a major update on their 747, the
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problems), Canadian, British and European airlines could not ignore the better operating economics of the Boeing 707 and the DC-8, while some American airlines ordered the Caravelle.
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By the late 1980s, DC-10 and L-1011 models were approaching retirement age, prompting manufacturers to develop replacement designs. McDonnell Douglas started working on the
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turbojets powered the original Boeing 707 and DC-8 models; in the early 1960s the JT3 was modified into the JT3D low-bypass turbofan for long-range 707 and DC-8 variants.
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from the United States. National prestige was attached to developing prototypes and bringing these early designs into service. There was also a strong
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frame and more fuel-efficient engines. This would prove to be the smarter choice as the lighter airframe paired with two next generation engines (
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technology, which passes air around the engine core instead of through it. Jet airliners that entered service in the 1960s were powered by slim,
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first flew in 1969 but proved to be an economical disaster. Only 14 ever entered service, and the last Concorde was retired in 2003.
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As of April 2023, 15,591 Boeing 737s have been ordered and 11,395 delivered, and it remains the most produced jet aircraft.
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designs were popular in the 1970s but are less common today. Airliners are commonly classified as either the large
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ticket prices fell and airlines improved their pricing practices. Other wide-body designs included the
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piston-engined airliner, which were flown with several types of early jet engine, including the
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The first airliners with turbojet propulsion were experimental conversions of the
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The 1960s jet airliners were known for the advancement of the more economical
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ordered the pioneering Comet (but later cancelled when the Comet ran into
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The sound of a jet airliner passing overhead (starts at about 20 seconds)
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has produced 1,054 787s for 34 airlines and has 592 unfulfilled orders.
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The A380 was discontinued in 2019 and the last plane was delivered to
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Civil Aircraft Today: The World's Most Successful Commercial Aircraft
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Boeing became the most successful of the early manufacturers. The
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These first jet airliners were followed some years later by the
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and military versions of the 707 remain operational, mostly as
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designs had engines incorporated within the wings next to the
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AA241 Introduction to Aircraft Design: Synthesis and Analysis
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quad-jet. In 1988, Boeing began developing what would be the
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came into use as a generic term for passenger jet aircraft.
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Other 1960s developments, such as rocket-assisted takeoff (
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which first flew in 1949 and entered service in 1952 with
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This article is about the aircraft. For other uses, see
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engine; these were quickly supplanted by designs using
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The first purpose-built jet airliner was the British
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Wells, Alexander T.; Rodrigues, Clarence C. (2004).
548:, which never reached production; however, the term 115:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5364: 5371:. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International. 5030:"The Era of Wide-Body Airliners - America by Air" 5426: 563:from the Soviet Union (2nd in service), and the 5273:"Why the A380 superjumbo is staging a comeback" 355:was for many years the most widespread jetliner 37:"Jetliner" redirects here. For other uses, see 5385: 4991: 4966: 784:engines, many aircraft used the rear-engined, 460:, which are quieter and more fuel-efficient. 5362: 5343: 5213: 5201: 5189: 5177: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5136: 5086:"New Boeing Airliner Shaped by the Airlines" 4962: 4960: 4958: 531:, the first commercially successful jetliner 219:introducing citations to additional sources 2734:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 78:Learn how and when to remove these messages 5348:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint. 5207: 5166: 5120: 5118: 5103: 5077: 4955: 2754:Learn how and when to remove this message 667:. The basic configuration of the Boeing, 335:Learn how and when to remove this message 175:Learn how and when to remove this message 27:Passenger aircraft powered by jet engines 5409:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Press. 4854:"1947 | 2080 | Flight Archive" 1010: 926: 867: 759: 602:and their strong nautical traditions of 587:aircraft became closely associated with 522: 510: 346: 312:of all important aspects of the article. 209:Relevant discussion may be found on the 5154: 4899:"The First Generation of Jet Airliners" 610:(retained from their days of operating 14: 5427: 5390:. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. 5270: 5115: 5083: 5005:"Aviation Technology - America by Air" 4926: 4924: 4221: 4081: 4009: 3925: 3891: 2877: 519:, the first purpose-built jet airliner 308:Please consider expanding the lead to 5404: 5148: 4939:. Stanford University. Archived from 4268: 3368: 2803: 5324: 5160: 5124: 5109: 4985: 4930: 4187: 4153: 4115: 4047: 3967: 3853: 3784: 3716: 3648: 3614: 3580: 3542: 3504: 3458: 3408: 3324: 3290: 3256: 3221: 3187: 3119: 3085: 3051: 3013: 2979: 2945: 2843: 2732:adding citations to reliable sources 2699: 711:The 1960s jet airliners include the 492:, which first flew on 6 April 1948. 281: 186: 113:adding citations to reliable sources 84: 43: 4921: 991:twinjet and the related long-range 987:family, developed the medium-range 884:The 1970s jet airliners introduced 24: 5363:Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1996). 5344:Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1999). 5084:Weiner, Eric (December 19, 1990). 598:Pan Am and BOAC, with the help of 361: 25: 5451: 5061:. August 14, 1978. Archived from 1091:Jet airliner deliveries timeline 579:in purchasing policy, so that US 59:This article has multiple issues. 2704: 955:, and the wide body twin-engine 755: 468: 395:Problems playing this file? See 377: 286: 202:relies largely or entirely on a 191: 89: 48: 5407:Inside Boeing: Building the 777 5289: 5264: 5240: 5219: 5195: 5183: 5142: 4931:Kroo, Ilan (January 19, 2006). 912:, whose first aircraft was the 848:(also known as reheat) used on 818:; and the paired multi-engined 737:; and the paired multi-engined 300:may be too short to adequately 100:needs additional citations for 67:or discuss these issues on the 5317: 5047: 5022: 4997: 4891: 4867: 4856:. Flightglobal.com. 1947-11-27 4846: 1006: 679: 373:Sound of jet airliner overhead 310:provide an accessible overview 13: 1: 5271:Prisco, Jacopo (2022-07-11). 4903:National Air and Space Museum 4839: 2695: 32:Jet Airliner (disambiguation) 4901:. America by Air (exhibit). 890:high-bypass turbofan engines 7: 5440:Vehicles introduced in 1948 5329:. London: Amber Books Ltd. 4797: 3332:Single aisle jet airliners 1083: 1036:(first flight in 2009) and 788:configuration, such as the 10: 5456: 5388:Commercial Aviation Safety 4992:Wells & Rodrigues 2004 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2603: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2582: 2577: 2567: 2565: 2553: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2533: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2512: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2444: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2417: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2396: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2380: 2368: 2364: 2352: 2348: 2346: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2059: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2037: 2033: 2031: 2025: 2018: 2014: 2012: 2004: 2002: 1993: 1991: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1957: 1955: 1946: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1873: 1863: 1854: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1831: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1805: 1800: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1770: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1749: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1725: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1707: 1698: 1694: 1692: 1684: 1682: 1666: 1659: 1649: 1626: 1619: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1591: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1539: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1514: 1511: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1247: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1224: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1188: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1167: 1138: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1108: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1090: 463: 424:). 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(2008). 5214:Norris & Wagner 1999 5202:Norris & Wagner 1999 5190:Norris & Wagner 1996 5178:Norris & Wagner 1999 5137:Norris & Wagner 1999 2649:none: underwing engines 1227:Bombardier CRJ700 series 1074:research and development 1032:(first flight in 2005), 974: 922: 863: 860:, have been superseded. 706: 595:ordered British Comets. 506: 5346:Modern Boeing Jetliners 4232:Widebody jet airliners 2462:McDonnell Douglas DC-10 1899:Hawker Siddeley Trident 1629:McDonnell Douglas MD-80 903:Lockheed L-1011 TriStar 899:McDonnell Douglas DC-10 888:(twin-aisle) craft and 809:Hawker Siddeley Trident 728:Hawker Siddeley Trident 686:Pratt & Whitney JT3 5112:, pp. 98, 102โ€“103 5055:"The 1980s Generation" 4905:. 2007. 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The world-renowned 526: 514: 365: 350: 5405:Yenne, Bill (2002). 5297:"Boeing: Commercial" 5065:on November 18, 2007 4967:Walter James Boyne. 2728:improve this section 1249:Embraer E-Jet family 850:supersonic jetliners 600:advertising agencies 442:narrow-body aircraft 215:improve this article 109:improve this article 4233: 3757:Boeing 737 Original 3333: 2768: 1969:Boeing 737 Original 1751:Sukhoi Superjet 100 1042:Sukhoi Superjet 100 1019:, the first mainly 782:low-bypass turbofan 657:KC-135 Stratotanker 487:Vickers VC.1 Viking 5090:The New York Times 4933:"Engine Placement" 4829:Wide-body aircraft 4231: 3898:Boeing 737 Classic 3377:de Havilland Comet 3331: 2766: 2039:Airbus A320 family 1974:Boeing 737 Classic 1517:de Havilland Comet 1111:Embraer ERJ family 1025: 941: 882: 774: 640:introduced French 537:de Havilland Comet 533: 521: 517:de Havilland Comet 479:de Havilland Ghost 438:wide-body aircraft 367: 357: 5336:978-1-84509-324-2 5127:, pp. 99โ€“104 4795: 4794: 4226: 4225: 3329: 3328: 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2615: 1731: 1703: 1134: 1088: 1087: 608:chain of command 483:Rolls-Royce Nene 475:Avro Lancastrian 384: 383: 364: 340: 333: 322: 319: 313: 290: 282: 275: 272: 266: 264: 223: 195: 187: 180: 173: 169: 166: 160: 158: 117: 93: 85: 74: 52: 51: 44: 21: 5455: 5454: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5425: 5424: 5423: 5417: 5398: 5379: 5356: 5337: 5320: 5315: 5314: 5305: 5303: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5281: 5279: 5269: 5265: 5256: 5254: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5232: 5230: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5192:, pp. 9โ€“14 5188: 5184: 5176: 5167: 5159: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5135: 5131: 5123: 5116: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5066: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5038: 5036: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4990: 4986: 4977: 4975: 4965: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4943:on May 15, 2016 4929: 4922: 4912: 4910: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4883: 4881: 4873: 4872: 4868: 4859: 4857: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4800: 4369:Lockheed L-1011 4270: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4228: 3791:Yakovlev Yak-42 3370: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3160:CRJ700/900/1000 2884:Yakovlev Yak-40 2805: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2760: 2749: 2743: 2740: 2725: 2709: 2698: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2646:: rear engines 2631: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2486:Lockheed L-1011 2091: 1996:Yakovlev Yak-42 1726: 1699: 1261: 1191:Yakovlev Yak-40 1130: 1086: 1009: 977: 951:to replace its 925: 866: 852:(SSTs) such as 842:water-injection 758: 709: 682: 674:fuel efficiency 509: 471: 466: 402: 401: 393: 391: 390: 389: 388: 385: 378: 375: 368: 362: 341: 330: 329: 328: 323: 317: 314: 307: 295:This article's 291: 276: 270: 267: 224: 222: 208: 196: 181: 170: 164: 161: 118: 116: 106: 94: 53: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5453: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5422: 5421: 5415: 5402: 5396: 5383: 5377: 5360: 5354: 5341: 5335: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5301:www.boeing.com 5288: 5263: 5239: 5218: 5206: 5194: 5182: 5165: 5153: 5141: 5129: 5114: 5102: 5076: 5046: 5021: 4996: 4984: 4954: 4920: 4909:on 17 May 2017 4890: 4866: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4836: 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4152: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4122:Airbus A320neo 4118: 4117: 4114: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4016:Tupolev Tu-204 4012: 4011: 4008: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3932:Airbus A320ceo 3928: 3927: 3924: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3890: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3817: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3723:Ilyushin Il-62 3719: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3579: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3549:Tupolev Tu-154 3545: 3544: 3541: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3367: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3255: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228:Antonov An-148 3224: 3223: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3126:Dornier 328JET 3122: 3121: 3118: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3016: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2978: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2952:Tupolev Tu-134 2948: 2947: 2944: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2910: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2850:BAC One-Eleven 2846: 2845: 2842: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2767:Regional jets 2762: 2761: 2744:September 2023 2712: 2710: 2703: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2581: 2579:Boeing 747-400 2576: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2514:Ilyushin Il-96 2511: 2509:Ilyushin Il-86 2506: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2061:Tupolev Tu-204 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1949:Ilyushin Il-62 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1857:Tupolev Tu-154 1853: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1728:Antonov An-148 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1665: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1639: 1632: 1625: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1597: 1594:BAC One-Eleven 1590: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1513: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1223: 1220:Bombardier CRJ 1216: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1170:Tupolev Tu-134 1166: 1164: 1157: 1155: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1085: 1082: 1008: 1005: 976: 973: 924: 921: 865: 862: 858:Tupolev Tu-144 820:Ilyushin Il-62 813:Tupolev Tu-154 790:BAC One-Eleven 766:Tupolev Tu-144 757: 754: 739:Ilyushin Il-62 732:Tupolev Tu-154 713:BAC One-Eleven 708: 705: 681: 678: 561:Tupolev Tu-104 508: 505: 470: 467: 465: 462: 392: 386: 376: 371: 370: 369: 360: 359: 358: 343: 342: 325: 324: 304:the key points 294: 292: 285: 278: 277: 230:"Jet airliner" 213:. Please help 199: 197: 190: 183: 182: 124:"Jet airliner" 97: 95: 88: 83: 57: 56: 54: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5452: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5435:Jet airliners 5433: 5432: 5430: 5418: 5416:0-7603-1251-6 5412: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5397:0-07-141742-7 5393: 5389: 5384: 5380: 5378:0-7603-0091-7 5374: 5369: 5368: 5361: 5357: 5355:0-7603-0717-2 5351: 5347: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5328: 5323: 5322: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5278: 5274: 5267: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5228: 5222: 5216:, p. 127 5215: 5210: 5204:, p. 129 5203: 5198: 5191: 5186: 5180:, p. 126 5179: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5163:, p. 112 5162: 5157: 5150: 5145: 5139:, p. 128 5138: 5133: 5126: 5121: 5119: 5111: 5106: 5091: 5087: 5080: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5050: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4994:, p. 146 4993: 4988: 4974: 4970: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4927: 4925: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4894: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4855: 4849: 4845: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4626: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4537:Douglas DC-10 4535: 4534: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4229: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4160:Boeing 737MAX 4158: 4157: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3923: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3850: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3714: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3646: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3263:Sukhoi SSJ100 3261: 3260: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3194:Embraer E-Jet 3192: 3191: 3185: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3117: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3049: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3011: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2943: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2758: 2755: 2747: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2713:This section 2711: 2707: 2702: 2701: 2652: 2645: 2639: 2611: 2606: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2580: 2574: 2570: 2559: 2556: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2518: 2515: 2510: 2500: 2487: 2477: 2468: 2463: 2450: 2447: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2420: 2406: 2399: 2385: 2375: 2371: 2358: 2355: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2088: 2085: 2065: 2062: 2048: 2045: 2040: 2028: 2021: 2009: 1998: 1997: 1988: 1985: 1980: 1979:Boeing 737 NG 1975: 1970: 1962: 1951: 1950: 1941: 1926: 1925: 1916: 1901: 1900: 1891: 1878: 1877: 1868: 1859: 1858: 1849: 1834: 1828: 1812: 1808: 1799: 1796: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1755: 1752: 1734: 1729: 1712: 1702: 1689: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1654: 1645: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1631: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1614: 1603: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1586: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1544: 1543: 1536: 1519: 1518: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1258: 1255: 1250: 1234: 1229: 1228: 1222: 1221: 1206: 1193: 1192: 1183: 1172: 1171: 1163: 1162: 1154: 1153: 1143: 1133: 1118: 1113: 1112: 1094: 1089: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 972: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 938: 935:is the first 934: 929: 920: 918: 915: 911: 907: 904: 900: 895: 891: 887: 879: 875: 870: 861: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 834: 831: 829: 825: 821: 817: 814: 810: 806: 802: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 771: 767: 762: 753: 751: 748: 744: 740: 736: 733: 729: 725: 721: 718: 714: 704: 702: 698: 694: 689: 687: 677: 675: 670: 666: 662: 658: 653: 651: 650:metal fatigue 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 596: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 553: 551: 547: 542: 538: 530: 525: 518: 513: 504: 501: 500: 493: 491: 488: 484: 480: 476: 469:Early history 461: 459: 455: 449: 447: 443: 439: 435: 434:three-engined 432:jet engines; 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 400: 398: 374: 354: 349: 339: 336: 321: 311: 305: 303: 298: 293: 289: 284: 283: 274: 263: 260: 256: 253: 249: 246: 242: 239: 235: 232: โ€“  231: 227: 226:Find sources: 220: 216: 212: 206: 205: 204:single source 200:This article 198: 194: 189: 188: 179: 176: 168: 165:November 2014 157: 154: 150: 147: 143: 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: โ€“  125: 121: 120:Find sources: 114: 110: 104: 103: 98:This article 96: 92: 87: 86: 81: 79: 72: 71: 66: 65: 60: 55: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 18:Passenger jet 5406: 5387: 5366: 5345: 5326: 5304:. 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2398:Airbus A340 2374:Airbus A310 2370:Airbus A300 1773:Comac ARJ21 1046:Airbus A220 1038:Airbus A350 1030:Airbus A380 1007:Present day 961:Airbus A300 937:fly-by-wire 933:Airbus A320 917:Airbus A300 756:Innovations 680:Innovations 577:nationalism 573:Convair 880 420:(passenger 418:jet engines 416:powered by 5429:Categories 5367:Boeing 777 5306:2023-06-07 5282:2023-06-07 5257:2023-06-07 5233:2023-06-07 5149:Yenne 2002 4978:2023-06-07 4973:Britannica 4884:2023-06-07 4879:RAF Museum 4860:2013-02-21 4840:References 4617:Boeing 777 4481:Trent 1000 4453:Boeing 787 4443:Trent 7000 4323:Boeing 767 4240:Deliveries 3860:Boeing 757 3621:HS Trident 3587:Boeing 727 3415:Boeing 707 3340:Deliveries 3058:CRJ100/200 3020:Fokker 100 2946:900-1,550 2918:Fokker F28 2878:720-1,621 2844:890โ€“1,800 2775:Deliveries 2696:Comparison 2689:= Russian 2683:= Embraer 2677:= Douglas 2671:= British 2628:= Quadjet 2616:= Twinjet 2569:Boeing 747 2555:Boeing 777 2446:Boeing 787 2354:Boeing 767 2084:Comac C919 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