928:
512:
1012:
761:
869:
363:
524:
2706:
91:
193:
50:
348:
288:
1072:) was much less costly to operate then the quad engine A380. The final blow to the A380 program came when Emirates cancelled a major order in 2018 and left Airbus without enough demand to continue production. It cancelled the program after realizing it would never recoup the โฌ25 billon ($ 30 billion) spent on
671:
and
Douglas aircraft jet airliner designs, with widely spaced podded engines underslung on pylons beneath a swept wing, proved to be the most common arrangement and was most easily compatible with the large-diameter high-bypass turbofan engines that subsequently prevailed for reasons of quietness and
896:
entered service in
January 1970, marking the debut of the high-bypass turbofan which lowered operating costs, and the initial models which could seat up to 400 passengers earned it the nickname "Jumbo Jet". The Boeing 747 revolutionized air travel by making commercial air travel more affordable as
502:
magazine, said, "Piloting a jet aircraft has confirmed one opinion I had formed after flying as a passenger in the
Lancastrian jet test beds, that few, if any, having flown in a jet-propelled transport, will wish to revert to the noise, vibration and attendant fatigue of an airscrew-propelled
543:
It carried 36 passengers up to 2500 miles (4000 km) at a speed of 450mph (725 km/h). Serious structural problems arose not even two years after entering service and prompted several changes in design. The last original Comet was retrofitted in 1958. Also developed in 1949 was the
1060:. However, airlines started to operate more direct, point-to-point flights between smaller cities which made twin engine jets more attractive and economical to operate. For comparison, Boeing took a different approach and started development of the 787 in 2003 with a new
1055:
in 2021. Airbus began designing it in the 90s with the expectation that airlines would be moving many people between large hubs with just one flight. Their focus was on building a very large plane with a conventional metal airframe and engines to supersede the
495:
The early jet airliners had much lower interior levels of noise and vibration than contemporary piston-engined aircraft, so much so that in 1947, after piloting a jet powered aircraft for the first time, Wing
Commander Maurice A. Smith, editor of
451:
Most airliners today are powered by jet engines, because they are capable of safely operating at high speeds and generate sufficient thrust to power large-capacity aircraft. The first jetliners, introduced in the 1950s, used the simpler
1027:
The most modern airliners are characterized by increased use of composite materials, high-bypass ratio turbofan engines, and more advanced digital flight systems. Examples of the latest widebody airliners are the
381:
999:
twinjet, using the twin-engine configuration given past design successes, projected engine developments, and reduced-cost benefits. In addition, Boeing also released a major update on their 747, the
379:
652:
problems), Canadian, British and
European airlines could not ignore the better operating economics of the Boeing 707 and the DC-8, while some American airlines ordered the Caravelle.
967:) regulations governing transoceanic twinjet operations. These regulations allowed twin-engine airliners to make ocean crossings at up to three hours' distance from emergency
979:
By the late 1980s, DC-10 and L-1011 models were approaching retirement age, prompting manufacturers to develop replacement designs. McDonnell
Douglas started working on the
908:, smaller than the Boeing 747 but capable of flying similar long-range routes from airports with shorter runways. There was also the market debut of the European consortium
380:
688:
turbojets powered the original Boeing 707 and DC-8 models; in the early 1960s the JT3 was modified into the JT3D low-bypass turbofan for long-range 707 and DC-8 variants.
4898:
4875:"Last Comet 1 | Comet - The World's First Jet Airliner | Comet - The World's First Jet Airliner | Archive Exhibitions | Exhibitions & Displays | Research"
309:
485:. They retained the two inboard piston engines, the jets being housed in the outboard nacelles. The first airliner with jet power only was the Nene-powered
575:
from the United States. National prestige was attached to developing prototypes and bringing these early designs into service. There was also a strong
5054:
5226:
1064:
frame and more fuel-efficient engines. This would prove to be the smarter choice as the lighter airframe paired with two next generation engines (
780:
technology, which passes air around the engine core instead of through it. Jet airliners that entered service in the 1960s were powered by slim,
4874:
971:. Under ETOPS rules, airlines began operating the 767 on long-distance overseas routes that did not require the capacity of larger airliners.
927:
963:. The mid-size 757 and 767 launched to market success, due in part to 1980s extended-range twin-engine operational performance standards (
4932:
703:, a concept that endured only within military designs while the Caravelle pioneered engines mounted either side of the rear fuselage.
296:
752:
first flew in 1969 but proved to be an economical disaster. Only 14 ever entered service, and the last
Concorde was retired in 2003.
203:
5085:
5334:
4968:
833:
As of April 2023, 15,591 Boeing 737s have been ordered and 11,395 delivered, and it remains the most produced jet aircraft.
5439:
540:
261:
155:
233:
127:
5414:
5395:
5376:
5353:
2753:
334:
174:
77:
2735:
240:
134:
5029:
5004:
4906:
644:. Commercial realities dictated exceptions, however, as few airlines could risk missing out on a superior product:
436:
designs were popular in the 1970s but are less common today. Airliners are commonly classified as either the large
1040:(first flight in 2013). These improvements allowed longer ranges and lower cost of transportation per passenger.
2731:
372:
218:
112:
5247:
247:
141:
4902:
2727:
1048:(formerly Bombardier CSeries) are examples of narrowbodies with similar level of technological advancements.
108:
63:
31:
17:
5272:
511:
229:
123:
4853:
1978:
897:
ticket prices fell and airlines improved their pricing practices. Other wide-body designs included the
588:
841:
545:
38:
3159:
2716:
1226:
1131:
1073:
584:
5062:
3848:
3712:
3496:
3450:
2839:
2720:
2466:
2461:
1898:
1635:
1628:
1253:
980:
902:
898:
808:
727:
301:
101:
4940:
1011:
760:
477:
piston-engined airliner, which were flown with several types of early jet engine, including the
5434:
3538:
3047:
1621:
1541:
1065:
827:
685:
641:
556:
4833:
3057:
2445:
1700:
1661:
1219:
1069:
1248:
849:
497:
441:
254:
148:
8:
3756:
1750:
1041:
656:
614:), were quick to link the "speed of jets" with the safety and security of the "luxury of
486:
5296:
983:, a stretched and upgraded successor of the DC-10. Airbus, thanks to the success of its
889:
4969:"History of flight - Jet Engine Revolution, Airline Reliability, and Industry Advances"
4828:
3897:
3678:
3500:
3454:
3400:
3376:
2038:
1973:
1516:
1110:
1061:
1052:
1020:
885:
781:
599:
516:
478:
437:
868:
214:
5410:
5391:
5372:
5349:
5330:
4001:
968:
660:
645:
603:
69:
4818:
4193:
3644:
3404:
2941:
2873:
2835:
2811:
892:. Pan Am and Boeing "again opened a new era in commercial aviation" when the first
746:
664:
607:
482:
474:
473:
The first airliners with turbojet propulsion were experimental conversions of the
4518:
4368:
3790:
2883:
2485:
1995:
1190:
1076:. In all, 251 A380s were produced for and flown by 14 airlines. As of June 2023,
673:
5365:
4490:
4406:
4121:
4015:
3722:
3572:
3548:
3252:
3227:
3125:
2951:
2907:
2849:
2578:
2513:
2508:
2423:
2060:
2043:
1983:
1948:
1856:
1727:
1593:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1000:
857:
819:
812:
789:
765:
738:
731:
712:
619:
560:
776:
The 1960s jet airliners were known for the advancement of the more economical
5428:
4536:
4159:
3746:
3576:
3262:
3193:
2975:
649:
4823:
4813:
4053:
3814:
3688:
3654:
3464:
2583:
2572:
1923:
1832:
823:
797:
742:
716:
692:
568:
445:
421:
648:
ordered the pioneering Comet (but later cancelled when the Comet ran into
4758:
4658:
4582:
4402:
4280:
4276:
4087:
3931:
3514:
3510:
3296:
3091:
2604:
2534:
2418:
2397:
2373:
2369:
1794:
1772:
1600:
1567:
1563:
1045:
1037:
1029:
992:
988:
984:
960:
936:
932:
916:
845:
826:. The rear-engined T-tail arrangement is still used for jetliners with a
615:
611:
576:
572:
536:
387:
The sound of a jet airliner passing overhead (starts at about 20 seconds)
1080:
has produced 1,054 787s for 34 airlines and has 592 unfulfilled orders.
4696:
4616:
4480:
4452:
4442:
4322:
3859:
3620:
3586:
3418:
3414:
3019:
2917:
2568:
2554:
2353:
2083:
2019:
1968:
1875:
1810:
1806:
1668:
1642:
1057:
1033:
1016:
996:
956:
952:
948:
893:
873:
804:
793:
769:
723:
637:
623:
564:
528:
523:
417:
396:
352:
5227:"4 years after cancelation, is the A380 making a comeback? - AeroTime"
1051:
The A380 was discontinued in 2019 and the last plane was delivered to
5327:
Civil
Aircraft Today: The World's Most Successful Commercial Aircraft
4782:
4686:
4644:
4606:
4438:
4005:
3023:
1674:
2705:
192:
90:
4808:
4803:
4183:
4145:
877:
853:
777:
749:
700:
629:
457:
453:
413:
655:
Boeing became the most successful of the early manufacturers. The
210:
4704:
4217:
4149:
4111:
3320:
3217:
3183:
3115:
3081:
3009:
2985:
913:
905:
800:
719:
696:
668:
633:
429:
425:
347:
555:
These first jet airliners were followed some years later by the
287:
5248:"What Went Wrong With The Airbus A380? | Aviation Week Network"
4786:
4736:
4640:
4568:
4526:
4430:
4350:
4308:
3963:
3887:
3286:
1077:
944:
909:
815:
785:
734:
659:
and military versions of the 707 remain operational, mostly as
580:
433:
5130:
699:
designs had engines incorporated within the wings next to the
4937:
AA241 Introduction to
Aircraft Design: Synthesis and Analysis
4744:
4708:
4700:
4682:
4540:
4522:
4494:
4392:
4358:
4077:
4043:
4039:
3977:
3973:
3959:
3955:
3921:
3883:
3824:
3149:
995:
quad-jet. In 1988, Boeing began developing what would be the
964:
552:
came into use as a generic term for passenger jet aircraft.
4748:
4732:
4648:
4564:
4476:
4346:
4304:
3780:
3610:
3492:
3488:
3446:
3442:
837:
836:
Other 1960s developments, such as rocket-assisted takeoff (
592:
539:
which first flew in 1949 and entered service in 1952 with
4740:
4572:
4434:
4354:
4312:
30:
This article is about the aircraft. For other uses, see
456:
engine; these were quickly supplanted by designs using
535:
The first purpose-built jet airliner was the
British
5386:
Wells, Alexander T.; Rodrigues, Clarence C. (2004).
548:, which never reached production; however, the term
115:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5364:
5371:. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International.
5030:"The Era of Wide-Body Airliners - America by Air"
5426:
563:from the Soviet Union (2nd in service), and the
5273:"Why the A380 superjumbo is staging a comeback"
355:was for many years the most widespread jetliner
37:"Jetliner" redirects here. For other uses, see
5385:
4991:
4966:
784:engines, many aircraft used the rear-engined,
460:, which are quieter and more fuel-efficient.
5362:
5343:
5213:
5201:
5189:
5177:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5136:
5086:"New Boeing Airliner Shaped by the Airlines"
4962:
4960:
4958:
531:, the first commercially successful jetliner
219:introducing citations to additional sources
2734:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
78:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5348:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint.
5207:
5166:
5120:
5118:
5103:
5077:
4955:
2754:Learn how and when to remove this message
667:. The basic configuration of the Boeing,
335:Learn how and when to remove this message
175:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Passenger aircraft powered by jet engines
5409:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Press.
4854:"1947 | 2080 | Flight Archive"
1010:
926:
867:
759:
602:and their strong nautical traditions of
587:aircraft became closely associated with
522:
510:
346:
312:of all important aspects of the article.
209:Relevant discussion may be found on the
5154:
4899:"The First Generation of Jet Airliners"
610:(retained from their days of operating
14:
5427:
5390:. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.
5270:
5115:
5083:
5005:"Aviation Technology - America by Air"
4926:
4924:
4221:
4081:
4009:
3925:
3891:
2877:
519:, the first purpose-built jet airliner
308:Please consider expanding the lead to
5404:
5148:
4939:. Stanford University. Archived from
4268:
3368:
2803:
5324:
5160:
5124:
5109:
4985:
4930:
4187:
4153:
4115:
4047:
3967:
3853:
3784:
3716:
3648:
3614:
3580:
3542:
3504:
3458:
3408:
3324:
3290:
3256:
3221:
3187:
3119:
3085:
3051:
3013:
2979:
2945:
2843:
2732:adding citations to reliable sources
2699:
711:The 1960s jet airliners include the
492:, which first flew on 6 April 1948.
281:
186:
113:adding citations to reliable sources
84:
43:
4921:
991:twinjet and the related long-range
987:family, developed the medium-range
884:The 1970s jet airliners introduced
24:
5363:Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1996).
5344:Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1999).
5084:Weiner, Eric (December 19, 1990).
598:Pan Am and BOAC, with the help of
361:
25:
5451:
5061:. August 14, 1978. Archived from
1091:Jet airliner deliveries timeline
579:in purchasing policy, so that US
59:This article has multiple issues.
2704:
955:, and the wide body twin-engine
755:
468:
395:Problems playing this file? See
377:
286:
202:relies largely or entirely on a
191:
89:
48:
5407:Inside Boeing: Building the 777
5289:
5264:
5240:
5219:
5195:
5183:
5142:
4931:Kroo, Ilan (January 19, 2006).
912:, whose first aircraft was the
848:(also known as reheat) used on
818:; and the paired multi-engined
737:; and the paired multi-engined
300:may be too short to adequately
100:needs additional citations for
67:or discuss these issues on the
5317:
5047:
5022:
4997:
4891:
4867:
4856:. Flightglobal.com. 1947-11-27
4846:
1006:
679:
373:Sound of jet airliner overhead
310:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
5271:Prisco, Jacopo (2022-07-11).
4903:National Air and Space Museum
4839:
2695:
32:Jet Airliner (disambiguation)
4901:. America by Air (exhibit).
890:high-bypass turbofan engines
7:
5440:Vehicles introduced in 1948
5329:. London: Amber Books Ltd.
4797:
3332:Single aisle jet airliners
1083:
1036:(first flight in 2009) and
788:configuration, such as the
10:
5456:
5388:Commercial Aviation Safety
4992:Wells & Rodrigues 2004
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2368:
2364:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1863:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1805:
1800:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1682:
1666:
1659:
1649:
1626:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1539:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1511:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1224:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1167:
1138:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1090:
463:
424:). Airliners usually have
36:
29:
2653:
2608:
2601:
2591:
2563:
2560:
2551:
2543:
2531:
2519:
2501:
2497:
2489:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2442:
2432:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2350:
2344:
2115:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2080:
2066:
2057:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1989:
1982:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1779:
1768:
1756:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1598:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1571:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1537:
1533:
1521:
1285:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1235:
1231:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1098:
1095:
947:unveiled the twin-engine
546:Avro Canada C102 Jetliner
503:piston-engined aircraft"
39:jetliner (disambiguation)
5325:Eden, Paul, ed. (2008).
5214:Norris & Wagner 1999
5202:Norris & Wagner 1999
5190:Norris & Wagner 1996
5178:Norris & Wagner 1999
5137:Norris & Wagner 1999
2649:none: underwing engines
1227:Bombardier CRJ700 series
1074:research and development
1032:(first flight in 2005),
974:
922:
863:
860:, have been superseded.
706:
595:ordered British Comets.
506:
5346:Modern Boeing Jetliners
4232:Widebody jet airliners
2462:McDonnell Douglas DC-10
1899:Hawker Siddeley Trident
1629:McDonnell Douglas MD-80
903:Lockheed L-1011 TriStar
899:McDonnell Douglas DC-10
888:(twin-aisle) craft and
809:Hawker Siddeley Trident
728:Hawker Siddeley Trident
686:Pratt & Whitney JT3
5112:, pp. 98, 102โ103
5055:"The 1980s Generation"
4905:. 2007. Archived from
1622:McDonnell Douglas DC-9
1542:Sud Aviation Caravelle
1024:
940:
881:
830:of less than 50 tons.
828:maximum takeoff weight
773:
557:Sud Aviation Caravelle
532:
520:
366:
356:
4834:List of jet airliners
1701:British Aerospace 146
1662:Fokker F28 Fellowship
1014:
969:diversionary airports
930:
871:
763:
745:. The world-renowned
526:
514:
365:
350:
5405:Yenne, Bill (2002).
5297:"Boeing: Commercial"
5065:on November 18, 2007
4967:Walter James Boyne.
2728:improve this section
1249:Embraer E-Jet family
850:supersonic jetliners
600:advertising agencies
442:narrow-body aircraft
215:improve this article
109:improve this article
4233:
3757:Boeing 737 Original
3333:
2768:
1969:Boeing 737 Original
1751:Sukhoi Superjet 100
1042:Sukhoi Superjet 100
1019:, the first mainly
782:low-bypass turbofan
657:KC-135 Stratotanker
487:Vickers VC.1 Viking
5090:The New York Times
4933:"Engine Placement"
4829:Wide-body aircraft
4231:
3898:Boeing 737 Classic
3377:de Havilland Comet
3331:
2766:
2039:Airbus A320 family
1974:Boeing 737 Classic
1517:de Havilland Comet
1111:Embraer ERJ family
1025:
941:
882:
774:
640:introduced French
537:de Havilland Comet
533:
521:
517:de Havilland Comet
479:de Havilland Ghost
438:wide-body aircraft
367:
357:
5336:978-1-84509-324-2
5127:, pp. 99โ104
4795:
4794:
4226:
4225:
3329:
3328:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2693:
2692:
2640:: buried engines
959:to challenge the
646:American Airlines
604:command hierarchy
559:from France, the
382:
345:
344:
337:
327:
326:
280:
279:
265:
185:
184:
177:
159:
82:
16:(Redirected from
5447:
5420:
5401:
5382:
5370:
5359:
5340:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5252:aviationweek.com
5244:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5175:
5164:
5158:
5152:
5146:
5140:
5134:
5128:
5122:
5113:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4964:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4928:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4850:
4819:Freight aircraft
4234:
4230:
4194:Embraer E-Jet E2
3334:
3330:
2812:SE 210 Caravelle
2769:
2765:
2759:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2708:
2700:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
1731:
1703:
1134:
1088:
1087:
608:chain of command
483:Rolls-Royce Nene
475:Avro Lancastrian
384:
383:
364:
340:
333:
322:
319:
313:
290:
282:
275:
272:
266:
264:
223:
195:
187:
180:
173:
169:
166:
160:
158:
117:
93:
85:
74:
52:
51:
44:
21:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5417:
5398:
5379:
5356:
5337:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5305:
5303:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5281:
5279:
5269:
5265:
5256:
5254:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5232:
5230:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5192:, pp. 9โ14
5188:
5184:
5176:
5167:
5159:
5155:
5147:
5143:
5135:
5131:
5123:
5116:
5108:
5104:
5094:
5092:
5082:
5078:
5068:
5066:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5038:
5036:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5013:
5011:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4990:
4986:
4977:
4975:
4965:
4956:
4946:
4944:
4943:on May 15, 2016
4929:
4922:
4912:
4910:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4883:
4881:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4859:
4857:
4852:
4851:
4847:
4842:
4800:
4369:Lockheed L-1011
4270:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4228:
3791:Yakovlev Yak-42
3370:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3160:CRJ700/900/1000
2884:Yakovlev Yak-40
2805:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2760:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2725:
2709:
2698:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2646:: rear engines
2631:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2486:Lockheed L-1011
2091:
1996:Yakovlev Yak-42
1726:
1699:
1261:
1191:Yakovlev Yak-40
1130:
1086:
1009:
977:
951:to replace its
925:
866:
852:(SSTs) such as
842:water-injection
758:
709:
682:
674:fuel efficiency
509:
471:
466:
402:
401:
393:
391:
390:
389:
388:
385:
378:
375:
368:
362:
341:
330:
329:
328:
323:
317:
314:
307:
295:This article's
291:
276:
270:
267:
224:
222:
208:
196:
181:
170:
164:
161:
118:
116:
106:
94:
53:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5453:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5422:
5421:
5415:
5402:
5396:
5383:
5377:
5360:
5354:
5341:
5335:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5301:www.boeing.com
5288:
5263:
5239:
5218:
5206:
5194:
5182:
5165:
5153:
5141:
5129:
5114:
5102:
5076:
5046:
5021:
4996:
4984:
4954:
4920:
4909:on 17 May 2017
4890:
4866:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4491:Ilyushin Il-86
4487:
4486:
4483:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4407:Airbus A330neo
4399:
4398:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4122:Airbus A320neo
4118:
4117:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4016:Tupolev Tu-204
4012:
4011:
4008:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3932:Airbus A320ceo
3928:
3927:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3723:Ilyushin Il-62
3719:
3718:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3549:Tupolev Tu-154
3545:
3544:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:Antonov An-148
3224:
3223:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3126:Dornier 328JET
3122:
3121:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2952:Tupolev Tu-134
2948:
2947:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2850:BAC One-Eleven
2846:
2845:
2842:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2767:Regional jets
2762:
2761:
2744:September 2023
2712:
2710:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2581:
2579:Boeing 747-400
2576:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:Ilyushin Il-96
2511:
2509:Ilyushin Il-86
2506:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:Tupolev Tu-204
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1949:Ilyushin Il-62
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1857:Tupolev Tu-154
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1728:Antonov An-148
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1597:
1594:BAC One-Eleven
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1223:
1220:Bombardier CRJ
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1170:Tupolev Tu-134
1166:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1008:
1005:
976:
973:
924:
921:
865:
862:
858:Tupolev Tu-144
820:Ilyushin Il-62
813:Tupolev Tu-154
790:BAC One-Eleven
766:Tupolev Tu-144
757:
754:
739:Ilyushin Il-62
732:Tupolev Tu-154
713:BAC One-Eleven
708:
705:
681:
678:
561:Tupolev Tu-104
508:
505:
470:
467:
465:
462:
392:
386:
376:
371:
370:
369:
360:
359:
358:
343:
342:
325:
324:
304:the key points
294:
292:
285:
278:
277:
230:"Jet airliner"
213:. Please help
199:
197:
190:
183:
182:
124:"Jet airliner"
97:
95:
88:
83:
57:
56:
54:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5452:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5435:Jet airliners
5433:
5432:
5430:
5418:
5416:0-7603-1251-6
5412:
5408:
5403:
5399:
5397:0-07-141742-7
5393:
5389:
5384:
5380:
5378:0-7603-0091-7
5374:
5369:
5368:
5361:
5357:
5355:0-7603-0717-2
5351:
5347:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5328:
5323:
5322:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5278:
5274:
5267:
5253:
5249:
5243:
5228:
5222:
5216:, p. 127
5215:
5210:
5204:, p. 129
5203:
5198:
5191:
5186:
5180:, p. 126
5179:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5163:, p. 112
5162:
5157:
5150:
5145:
5139:, p. 128
5138:
5133:
5126:
5121:
5119:
5111:
5106:
5091:
5087:
5080:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4994:, p. 146
4993:
4988:
4974:
4970:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4925:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4855:
4849:
4845:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4537:Douglas DC-10
4535:
4534:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4229:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4160:Boeing 737MAX
4158:
4157:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:Sukhoi SSJ100
3261:
3260:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:Embraer E-Jet
3192:
3191:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2758:
2755:
2747:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2713:This section
2711:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2652:
2645:
2639:
2611:
2606:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2559:
2556:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2487:
2477:
2468:
2463:
2450:
2447:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2406:
2399:
2385:
2375:
2371:
2358:
2355:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2088:
2085:
2065:
2062:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2028:
2021:
2009:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1979:Boeing 737 NG
1975:
1970:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1941:
1926:
1925:
1916:
1901:
1900:
1891:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1849:
1834:
1828:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1796:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1755:
1752:
1734:
1729:
1712:
1702:
1689:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1614:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1586:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1519:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1206:
1193:
1192:
1183:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
938:
935:is the first
934:
929:
920:
918:
915:
911:
907:
904:
900:
895:
891:
887:
879:
875:
870:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
814:
810:
806:
802:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
771:
767:
762:
753:
751:
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:
729:
725:
721:
718:
714:
704:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
677:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
650:metal fatigue
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
542:
538:
530:
525:
518:
513:
504:
501:
500:
493:
491:
488:
484:
480:
476:
469:Early history
461:
459:
455:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:three-engined
432:jet engines;
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
400:
398:
374:
354:
349:
339:
336:
321:
311:
305:
303:
298:
293:
289:
284:
283:
274:
263:
260:
256:
253:
249:
246:
242:
239:
235:
232: โ
231:
227:
226:Find sources:
220:
216:
212:
206:
205:
204:single source
200:This article
198:
194:
189:
188:
179:
176:
168:
165:November 2014
157:
154:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126: โ
125:
121:
120:Find sources:
114:
110:
104:
103:
98:This article
96:
92:
87:
86:
81:
79:
72:
71:
66:
65:
60:
55:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
18:Passenger jet
5406:
5387:
5366:
5345:
5326:
5304:. Retrieved
5300:
5291:
5280:. Retrieved
5276:
5266:
5255:. Retrieved
5251:
5242:
5231:. Retrieved
5229:. 2023-02-14
5221:
5209:
5197:
5185:
5156:
5151:, p. 33
5144:
5132:
5105:
5093:. Retrieved
5089:
5079:
5067:. Retrieved
5063:the original
5058:
5049:
5037:. Retrieved
5033:
5024:
5012:. Retrieved
5008:
4999:
4987:
4976:. Retrieved
4972:
4947:February 12,
4945:. Retrieved
4941:the original
4936:
4911:. Retrieved
4907:the original
4893:
4882:. Retrieved
4878:
4869:
4858:. Retrieved
4848:
4824:Jet aircraft
4814:Business jet
4753:4,620-7,730
4691:6,700-9,000
4653:5,240-8,555
4611:8,100-8,700
4577:3,500-6,725
4531:2,700-6,900
4485:6,430-7,635
4447:6,350-8,150
4397:4,250-6,090
4363:3,900-6,590
4317:2,900-5,150
4227:
4222:2,017-2,850
4188:3,300โ3,850
4154:3,500-4,000
4116:3,350-3,400
4082:2,935โ3,010
4054:Boeing 737NG
4048:2,500-3,600
4010:1,430-2,237
3968:3,100-3,750
3926:2,060โ2,375
3892:3,400-3,915
3854:1,800-2,900
3785:1,540-2,600
3717:1,200-1,500
3689:Douglas DC-9
3679:RB.80 Conway
3655:Vickers VC10
3649:1,170-2,350
3615:1,900-2,550
3581:1,300-2,850
3543:2,472-3,302
3505:3,760-5,200
3465:Douglas DC-8
3459:2,800-5,000
3409:1,300-2,802
3325:1,800-2,000
3291:1,646-2,472
3257:1,300-2,400
3222:2,150-2,450
3188:1,378-1,622
3120:1,650โ2,000
3086:1,650โ1,700
3052:1,323-1,841
3014:1,800-2,090
2980:1,000โ1,600
2750:
2741:
2726:Please help
2714:
2643:
2637:
2634:: high wing
2573:Boeing 747SP
1994:
1947:
1924:Vickers VC10
1922:
1897:
1874:
1855:
1833:Douglas DC-8
1771:
1673:
1667:
1660:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1599:
1592:
1540:
1515:
1225:
1218:
1189:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1109:
1050:
1026:
978:
942:
883:
880:jet airliner
876:, the first
846:afterburners
835:
832:
824:Vickers VC10
798:Douglas DC-9
775:
772:jet airliner
768:, the first
743:Vickers VC10
717:Douglas DC-9
710:
693:de Havilland
690:
683:
654:
632:used Soviet
628:
616:ocean liners
612:flying boats
597:
569:Douglas DC-8
554:
549:
534:
498:
494:
489:
472:
450:
446:regional jet
444:and smaller
422:jet aircraft
409:
406:jet airliner
405:
403:
394:
331:
315:
299:
297:lead section
268:
258:
251:
244:
237:
225:
201:
171:
162:
152:
145:
138:
131:
119:
107:Please help
102:verification
99:
75:
68:
62:
61:Please help
58:
5318:Works cited
4759:Airbus A380
4659:Airbus A340
4583:Airbus A350
4403:Airbus A330
4281:Airbus A310
4277:Airbus A300
4088:Airbus A220
3879:115.7-123.8
3511:Convair 880
3297:Comac ARJ21
3092:Embraer ERJ
2605:Airbus A380
2535:Airbus A350
2419:Airbus A330
2398:Airbus A340
2374:Airbus A310
2370:Airbus A300
1773:Comac ARJ21
1046:Airbus A220
1038:Airbus A350
1030:Airbus A380
1007:Present day
961:Airbus A300
937:fly-by-wire
933:Airbus A320
917:Airbus A300
756:Innovations
680:Innovations
577:nationalism
573:Convair 880
420:(passenger
418:jet engines
416:powered by
5429:Categories
5367:Boeing 777
5306:2023-06-07
5282:2023-06-07
5257:2023-06-07
5233:2023-06-07
5149:Yenne 2002
4978:2023-06-07
4973:Britannica
4884:2023-06-07
4879:RAF Museum
4860:2013-02-21
4840:References
4617:Boeing 777
4481:Trent 1000
4453:Boeing 787
4443:Trent 7000
4323:Boeing 767
4240:Deliveries
3860:Boeing 757
3621:HS Trident
3587:Boeing 727
3415:Boeing 707
3340:Deliveries
3058:CRJ100/200
3020:Fokker 100
2946:900-1,550
2918:Fokker F28
2878:720-1,621
2844:890โ1,800
2775:Deliveries
2696:Comparison
2689:= Russian
2683:= Embraer
2677:= Douglas
2671:= British
2628:= Quadjet
2616:= Twinjet
2569:Boeing 747
2555:Boeing 777
2446:Boeing 787
2354:Boeing 767
2084:Comac C919
2020:Boeing 757
1876:Boeing 727
1811:Boeing 720
1807:Boeing 707
1643:Boeing 717
1066:Trent 1000
1058:Boeing 747
1034:Boeing 787
1017:Boeing 787
949:Boeing 757
894:Boeing 747
874:Boeing 747
805:Boeing 727
794:Boeing 737
770:supersonic
747:supersonic
724:Boeing 727
665:freighters
642:Caravelles
638:Air France
624:perception
565:Boeing 707
529:Boeing 707
397:media help
353:Boeing 737
241:newspapers
135:newspapers
64:improve it
5161:Eden 2008
5125:Eden 2008
5110:Eden 2008
5039:31 August
5014:31 August
4913:31 August
4783:Trent 900
4763:2007-2021
4713:1970-2022
4687:Trent 500
4663:1993โ2011
4645:Trent 800
4607:Trent XWB
4545:1971-2000
4439:Trent 700
4373:1972โ1984
4285:1974โ2007
4213:44.8-61.5
4179:80.3โ88.3
4107:63.1-69.9
4073:65.5โ85.1
3997:54.9-75.3
3982:1995โ2006
3902:1984โ2000
3864:1983โ2004
3844:63.5-72.6
3829:1980โ1999
3825:MDD MD-80
3795:1980-2003
3761:1968-1988
3727:1967-1995
3708:41.1-54.9
3693:1965โ1982
3659:1964-1970
3625:1964-1978
3606:76.7-95.1
3591:1964-1984
3553:1962-2006
3519:1960-1963
3469:1959-1972
3438:104-151.5
3423:1958-1978
3381:1952-1964
3316:43.5-47.2
3282:45.9-49.5
3213:38.6-52.3
3210:72.7-92.5
3176:70.6-77.4
3164:2001-2020
3130:1999โ2002
3096:1997โ2020
3062:1992โ2006
3043:39.9-45.8
3028:1988โ1997
3005:38.1-44.2
2990:1983โ2001
2956:1970โ1989
2937:29.5-33.1
2922:1969โ1987
2888:1968โ1981
2869:35.6-47.4
2854:1965-1989
2816:1959-1972
2715:does not
2665:= Boeing
2659:= Airbus
2622:= Trijet
2575:: 76-82)
2376:: 83โ98)
1813:: 60-67)
1678:: 94-97)
1062:composite
1021:composite
943:In 1978,
886:wide-body
618:" in the
458:turbofans
440:, medium
318:July 2013
302:summarize
271:July 2013
211:talk page
70:talk page
5069:July 19,
4809:Aviation
4804:Airliner
4798:See also
4621:1995-now
4587:2015-now
4499:1980-now
4457:2011-now
4411:1994-now
4327:1982-now
4266:Engines
4198:2018-now
4184:CFM LEAP
4164:2017-now
4146:CFM LEAP
4126:2016-now
4092:2016-now
4058:1997-now
4020:1996โnow
3936:1988โnow
3539:GE CJ805
3534:83.7-115
3366:Engines
3301:2015-now
3267:2011-now
3233:2009-now
3198:2004-now
2801:Engines
2632:Overline
1254:E-Jet E2
1084:Timeline
1053:Emirates
1023:jetliner
939:jetliner
878:widebody
856:and the
854:Concorde
801:twinjets
778:turbofan
750:Concorde
720:twinjets
701:fuselage
636:, while
634:Tupolevs
630:Aeroflot
591:, while
550:jetliner
481:and the
454:turbojet
414:airliner
410:jetliner
4728:318-448
4725:511-554
4722:276-467
4705:747-400
4678:275-380
4675:363-437
4672:250-370
4636:247-351
4633:428-437
4630:313-396
4602:280-316
4599:442-464
4596:315-369
4560:195-286
4554:270-323
4514:215-270
4511:300-350
4508:263-386
4472:228-254
4466:242-330
4426:233-251
4420:246-300
4388:200-231
4385:321-329
4382:246-256
4342:143-204
4339:283-291
4336:214-296
4300:144-172
4297:219-260
4294:220-247
4218:PW1000G
4173:153-204
4150:PW1000G
4141:75.5-97
4138:124-128
4135:160-240
4112:PW1000G
4101:120-150
4067:123-215
4035:103-111
4029:156-215
3991:117-163
3951:68-93.5
3948:124-128
3945:117-199
3917:60.6โ68
3911:122-168
3873:221-280
3838:130-155
3776:50-58.1
3770:103-130
3705:86.8-93
3640:48.5-68
3637:126-136
3634:101-180
3600:125-155
3531:190-209
3528:110-149
3484:124-161
3478:177-259
3435:226-283
3432:156-194
3393:187-197
3351:1-class
3321:GE CF34
3218:GE CF34
3184:GE CF34
3179:34-41.6
3116:AE 3007
3111:20-24.1
3082:GE CF34
3010:ALF 502
2986:BAe 146
2934:76.4-79
2866:91-95.8
2831:43.5-58
2786:1-class
2736:removed
2721:sources
2638:italics
2424:A330neo
2044:A320neo
1984:737 MAX
1001:747-400
914:twinjet
906:trijets
816:trijets
735:trijets
697:Tupolev
669:Convair
661:tankers
585:Douglas
464:History
255:scholar
149:scholar
5413:
5394:
5375:
5352:
5333:
5095:May 8,
5034:si.edu
5009:si.edu
4791:8,000
4787:GP7200
4737:PW4000
4641:PW4000
4569:PW4000
4527:PW2000
4431:PW4000
4351:PW4000
4309:PW4000
4271:(nmi)
4207:88-146
3994:93-112
3964:PW6000
3888:PW2000
3819:2,200
3751:5,400
3702:90-135
3683:5,080
3568:98-104
3371:(nmi)
3310:90-105
3287:SaM146
3207:72-116
3173:78-104
3154:1,480
3037:79-122
2999:70โ112
2863:89-119
2825:90-131
2806:(nmi)
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2116:2020s
2113:2010s
2110:2000s
2107:1990s
2104:1980s
2101:1970s
2098:1960s
2095:1950s
1601:Rombac
1564:CV-880
1286:2020s
1283:2010s
1280:2000s
1277:1990s
1274:1980s
1271:1970s
1268:1960s
1265:1950s
1161:Tu-124
1152:Tu-104
1132:328JET
1078:Boeing
945:Boeing
910:Airbus
844:, and
822:, and
796:, and
786:T-tail
741:, and
620:public
589:Pan Am
581:Boeing
499:Flight
490:G-AJPH
412:is an
257:
250:
243:
236:
228:
151:
144:
137:
130:
122:
4745:RB211
4716:1,558
4709:747-8
4701:747SP
4683:CFM56
4624:1,649
4541:MD-11
4523:PS-90
4519:NK-86
4495:Il-96
4414:1,506
4393:RB211
4359:RB211
4330:1,200
4269:Range
4253:seats
4246:Seats
4243:Built
4237:Model
4129:1,499
4078:CFM56
4070:124.6
4061:7,065
4044:RB211
4040:PS-90
4006:V2500
4002:BR715
3974:MD-90
3960:V2500
3956:CFM56
3939:8,073
3922:CFM56
3905:1,988
3884:RB211
3867:1,050
3851:-200
3832:1,191
3764:1,144
3594:1,832
3565:201.5
3556:1,026
3501:RB.80
3455:RB.80
3401:Ghost
3396:50-71
3369:Range
3353:seats
3346:Seats
3343:Built
3337:Model
3253:D-436
3242:85-99
3230:/158
3201:1,671
3150:PW300
3139:30โ33
3105:37โ50
3099:1,231
3065:1,021
2968:127.3
2965:72โ84
2931:65-85
2908:AI-25
2891:1,011
2804:Range
2788:seats
2781:Seats
2778:Built
2772:Model
2584:747-8
2541:9/10
2467:MD-11
2092:/row
2090:seats
1636:MD-90
1262:/row
1260:seats
981:MD-11
975:1990s
965:ETOPS
923:1980s
864:1970s
707:1960s
541:BOAC.
507:1950s
262:JSTOR
248:books
156:JSTOR
142:books
5411:ISBN
5392:ISBN
5373:ISBN
5350:ISBN
5331:ISBN
5097:2011
5071:2008
5059:Time
5041:2016
5016:2016
4949:2012
4915:2016
4781:4 ร
4749:GEnx
4733:JT9D
4731:4 ร
4697:B747
4681:4 ร
4649:GE90
4639:2 ร
4627:9/10
4605:2 ร
4565:JT9D
4563:3 ร
4517:4 ร
4477:GEnx
4475:2 ร
4429:2 ร
4391:3 ร
4347:JT9D
4345:2 ร
4305:JT9D
4303:2 ร
4261:MTOW
4258:(mยฒ)
4256:Wing
4251:Typ.
4248:/row
4216:2 ร
4182:2 ร
4144:2 ร
4110:2 ร
4076:2 ร
4038:2 ร
4000:2 ร
3978:B717
3954:2 ร
3920:2 ร
3882:2 ร
3849:JT8D
3847:2 ร
3815:D-36
3813:3 ร
3810:57.5
3781:JT8D
3779:2 ร
3747:D-30
3745:4 ร
3713:JT8D
3711:2 ร
3677:4 ร
3645:Spey
3643:3 ร
3611:JT8D
3609:3 ร
3577:D-30
3573:NK-8
3571:3 ร
3537:4 ร
3489:JT3C
3487:4 ร
3443:JT3C
3441:4 ร
3426:1019
3405:Avon
3399:4 ร
3361:MTOW
3358:(mยฒ)
3356:Wing
3348:/row
3319:2 ร
3313:79.9
3285:2 ร
3279:83.8
3251:2 ร
3248:43.7
3245:87.3
3216:2 ร
3182:2 ร
3148:2 ร
3145:15.7
3114:2 ร
3108:51.2
3080:2 ร
3074:48.4
3046:2 ร
3040:93.5
3008:4 ร
3002:77.3
2976:D-30
2974:2 ร
2942:Spey
2940:2 ร
2912:970
2906:3 ร
2903:15.5
2874:Spey
2872:2 ร
2840:JT8D
2836:Avon
2834:2 ร
2796:MTOW
2793:(mยฒ)
2791:Wing
2783:/row
2719:any
2717:cite
2644:bold
2430:8/9
1795:A220
1730:/158
1669:F100
1070:GEnx
1068:and
1044:and
1015:The
993:A340
989:A330
985:A320
931:The
901:and
872:The
838:RATO
764:The
730:and
715:and
695:and
691:The
684:The
606:and
593:BOAC
583:and
571:and
527:The
515:The
430:four
351:The
234:news
128:news
5277:CNN
4778:575
4775:845
4772:575
4766:243
4741:CF6
4666:377
4590:398
4573:CF6
4557:339
4548:586
4502:136
4469:377
4463:8/9
4460:992
4435:CF6
4423:362
4376:250
4355:CF6
4313:CF6
4288:816
4263:(t)
4210:103
4201:114
4176:127
4167:387
4104:112
4095:342
4032:184
3985:272
3876:185
3841:112
3807:150
3804:120
3798:185
3742:165
3739:280
3736:186
3730:292
3696:976
3674:152
3671:265
3668:151
3628:116
3603:153
3562:180
3522:102
3515:990
3481:234
3472:556
3419:720
3384:114
3363:(t)
3276:108
3270:172
3167:924
3133:110
3048:Tay
3031:330
2993:387
2959:852
2925:241
2857:244
2828:147
2819:282
2798:(t)
2730:by
2561:10
1675:F70
1568:990
997:777
957:767
953:727
840:),
663:or
622:'s
428:or
426:two
408:or
217:by
111:by
5431::
5299:.
5275:.
5250:.
5168:^
5117:^
5088:.
5057:.
5032:.
5007:.
4971:.
4957:^
4935:.
4923:^
4877:.
4769:11
4719:10
4023:86
3914:91
3773:91
3662:54
3497:3D
3493:4A
3451:3D
3447:4A
3390:99
3304:45
3236:47
3142:40
3077:24
3071:50
3024:70
2971:47
2900:70
2897:32
2452:9
2360:8
2342:7
2337:4
2334:3
2331:2
2328:1
2322:9
2292:9
2262:9
2232:9
2202:9
2172:9
2142:9
1801:6
1512:5
1507:4
1504:3
1501:2
1498:1
1492:9
1462:9
1432:9
1402:9
1372:9
1342:9
1312:9
1145:4
1096:3
1003:.
919:.
811:,
807:,
803:;
792:,
726:,
722:;
676:.
626:.
567:,
448:.
404:A
73:.
5419:.
5400:.
5381:.
5358:.
5339:.
5309:.
5285:.
5260:.
5236:.
5099:.
5073:.
5043:.
5018:.
4981:.
4951:.
4917:.
4887:.
4863:.
4785:/
4747:-
4743:/
4739:/
4735:/
4707:/
4703:/
4699:/
4685:/
4669:8
4647:/
4643:/
4593:9
4571:/
4567:/
4551:9
4539:/
4525:/
4521:-
4505:9
4493:/
4479:/
4441:-
4437:/
4433:/
4417:8
4405:/
4379:9
4357:/
4353:/
4349:/
4333:7
4311:/
4307:/
4291:8
4279:/
4204:4
4170:6
4148:/
4132:6
4098:5
4064:6
4042:/
4026:6
4004:/
3988:5
3976:/
3962:/
3958:/
3942:6
3908:6
3886:/
3870:6
3835:5
3801:6
3767:6
3733:6
3699:5
3665:6
3631:6
3597:6
3575:/
3559:6
3525:5
3513:/
3499:/
3495:/
3491:/
3475:6
3453:/
3449:/
3445:/
3429:6
3417:/
3403:/
3387:5
3307:5
3273:5
3239:5
3204:4
3170:4
3136:3
3102:3
3068:4
3034:5
3022:/
2996:5
2962:4
2928:5
2894:4
2860:5
2838:/
2822:5
2757:)
2751:(
2746:)
2742:(
2738:.
2724:.
2571:(
2372:(
2325:0
2319:8
2316:7
2313:6
2310:5
2307:4
2304:3
2301:2
2298:1
2295:0
2289:8
2286:7
2283:6
2280:5
2277:4
2274:3
2271:2
2268:1
2265:0
2259:8
2256:7
2253:6
2250:5
2247:4
2244:3
2241:2
2238:1
2235:0
2229:8
2226:7
2223:6
2220:5
2217:4
2214:3
2211:2
2208:1
2205:0
2199:8
2196:7
2193:6
2190:5
2187:4
2184:3
2181:2
2178:1
2175:0
2169:8
2166:7
2163:6
2160:5
2157:4
2154:3
2151:2
2148:1
2145:0
2139:8
2136:7
2133:6
2130:5
2127:4
2124:3
2121:2
1809:(
1672:(
1566:/
1495:0
1489:8
1486:7
1483:6
1480:5
1477:4
1474:3
1471:2
1468:1
1465:0
1459:8
1456:7
1453:6
1450:5
1447:4
1444:3
1441:2
1438:1
1435:0
1429:8
1426:7
1423:6
1420:5
1417:4
1414:3
1411:2
1408:1
1405:0
1399:8
1396:7
1393:6
1390:5
1387:4
1384:3
1381:2
1378:1
1375:0
1369:8
1366:7
1363:6
1360:5
1357:4
1354:3
1351:2
1348:1
1345:0
1339:8
1336:7
1333:6
1330:5
1327:4
1324:3
1321:2
1318:1
1315:0
1309:8
1306:7
1303:6
1300:5
1297:4
1294:3
1291:2
399:.
338:)
332:(
320:)
316:(
306:.
273:)
269:(
259:ยท
252:ยท
245:ยท
238:ยท
221:.
207:.
178:)
172:(
167:)
163:(
153:ยท
146:ยท
139:ยท
132:ยท
105:.
80:)
76:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.