818:
63:
1545:
1485:
1327:
1289:
1387:
1605:
1407:
1659:
1465:
1700:
1061:, where the party triumphed in all but three major elections to executive office. The party also has a stronghold in other regions which reject the PT, like Espirito Santo, and in some southern and mid-western states. Unlike the PT, the party has more success in more local elections in the same areas that often vote for the PT in national elections, like the North and Northeastern regions and Minas Gerais. Many leaders of the party come from these regions, like Tasso Jereisatti, Aécio Neves, Teotonio Vilela Filho,
1525:
1347:
1367:
1565:
1447:
1505:
3047:
3019:
2991:
2862:
2841:
2810:
2789:
2747:
2726:
2695:
2674:
2643:
2622:
2591:
2570:
2539:
2518:
2487:
2466:
1307:
1585:
4070:
1427:
1024:'s office in 1990: "If left means to be against the existing social order, and right in favor, then social-democracy is without doubt a left current. A social democrat is before anything else someone who has critical sense — who realizes the injustices of society and has no fear to oppose them, even at the risk of being taken as a subversive or a dreamer".
742:
1168:
In 2017, a group of new, young federal representatives, nicknamed "black heads", in reference to their youth (contrasting the gray or bald heads of older and progressive members), began to gain prominence in the party. This wing, made up of members in their 30s or younger, has shown strong opposition
1131:
often publicly express their discomfort with the party. Even
Cardoso, the most successful figure in the party's history, constantly criticizes such PSDB politicians as Colonel Telhada, a former police officer who was elected a deputy in São Paulo with proposals such as reducing the age of defense of
796:
s own influence in society at large. After supporting the candidacy of
Geraldo Alckmin in the 2018 presidential election (which was eliminated in the first round with 4.8 per cent of the vote), in the second round, some of the party's leaders supported the far-right candidate Jair Bolsonaro, to whom
1040:
and the national telecommunication system. Many political scientists in Brazil believed that the party in its antagonism with the PT made a move to the right in recent years to fill a void in the
Brazilian political spectrum and to put a certain distance between itself and the PT's political views,
685:
was created and drafted the current democratic constitution in 1988. A high proportion of the first members of the PSDB came from the so-called "historic PMDB", which was and still is a very large party with many internal conflicts. The founders of the PSDB were dissatisfied with the results of the
784:
movements that usually characterize social democratic parties; it used to sponsor a central union, the Social-Democracia
Sindical (SDS), which has now merged with the Central Autônoma dos Trabalhadores (CAT) and the much more important Central Geral dos Trabalhadores (CGT) into the União Geral dos
1160:
sentiment within the populace. These antagonisms persist between the voter base together with the new members who joined the party based on right-wing sentiment of opposition to the
Workers' Party versus the party elite and older members with more left-liberal, progressive, social democratic and
1003:
Political scientist Glauco Peres notes that the party's move toward conservatism came "in stages," from "the liberal policies and major privatizations of the
Cardoso era" to the gradual emergence of a "conservative and religious discourse" in the early 2010s to the failed campaign of the party's
825:
A mere six years after its creation, the PSDB won the presidency. It grew faster than any other party in
Brazilian history, with an astonishingly good performance in elections at all levels. President Cardoso enjoyed eight years (1994–2002) of political stability in his tenure as President, with
991:
says that "most analysts defined PSDB as center-left as of its foundation, after all, it was the
Brazilian Social Democratic Party". As he notes, "this story changed after 1994, with the election of PSDB to the presidency. A rhetoric of overcoming classical ideological division was one of the
3911:
A maioria dos analistas classificava o PSDB na centro-esquerda quando de sua criação. A estória torna-se outra após 1994, com a chegada do PSDB à presidência. Uma retórica de superação das divisões ideológicas clássicas foi um dos fundamentos justificativos da grande aliança parlamentar com
686:
National
Constitutional Assembly and decided to create a party to reflect the need for a national political renewal. As their manifesto states, the new party was created "away from the official benefits, but close to the pulsing of the streets" (taken from a speech by party leader
1124:, farmers, landowners and business owners. Reasons for this support derive from the more moderate rhetoric and ideology of the party compared with the PT, the major economic reforms which the party led in the 1990s, and the major influence of the Democrats in the party.
883:, the Movement to Combat Electoral Corruption released a ranking on 4 October 2007 regarding the parties that included the largest number of elected officials exposed for corruption since 2000. The PSDB appeared in third place on the list with 58 cases, behind only the
933:, highlighted documents that show alleged irregularities in privatizations that occurred during the administration of the former President Fernando Henrique Cardoso. It contains about 140 pages of photocopied documents in support of the claim that President Cardoso's
1212:
from a progressive viewpoint instead of attacking the traditional rival PT, and a continuing domination of old leftist leaders instead of new and more liberal members with stronger connection with the voter base over the party. They support
Bolsonaro and his
1132:
infancy, harsher penalties for criminals and appealing to the evangelical churches, of which Telhada is a member; and João Dória Junior, mayor of São Paulo between 2016 and 2018 and governor of the state of São Paulo since 2019. Dória is often accused of
992:
justifications of the grand parliamentary alliance with center and right-wing parties. As such, after the 1994 presidential election, most analysts started defining PSDB as a center party along with PMDB". In its 2009 report about Freedom in the World,
890:
The PSDB was considered Brazil's "dirtiest" party by the country’s electoral authority. Yet, according to a 2016 academic study, the party has clearly benefited from the complacency of the Brazilian media, which has barely mentioned these cases.
737:
system of government. However, after the electors rejected parliamentarism in 1993 and even though the PSDB leader Cardoso was elected President the next year, the party did nothing in subsequent years to further the cause of a parliamentarian
1035:
in general ("the consensus is that the state must not be too big or too small, but 'have the size and functions corresponding to the needs of the whole of society'"), yet President Cardoso privatized many large public companies, such as
3447:
The irony is that PT and PSDB are both recognisable centre-left parties whose leaders have far more in common with one another than with the other political parties that they have relied upon to form governing
1111:
Despite being considered a centre-left party by their own members, media and by the Brazilian right, the PSDB has little or no appeal to the majority of Brazilian left. The majority of support and bases of
1007:
Workers' Party campaign leader Marco Aurélio Garcia criticized declarations made by PSDB president Sérgio Guerra that PSDB is "the real left". He said that "PSDB is not a right wing party, it is the party
1978:
1252:
According to researcher Christophe Ventura, the party's candidates are often evangelicals, multimillionaires and entrepreneurs. They present themselves as "managers" rather than "politicians".
4020:
According to researcher Christophe Ventura, the party's candidates are often evangelicals, multimillionaires and entrepreneurs. They present themselves as "managers" opposed to "politicians".
3404:
1177:
than the old party members like José Serra and Aloysio Nunes. Black heads now occupy important positions inside the party and with support of the base and social movements like the
3359:
3163:
681:
died, having been the last President not elected directly by the people since the beginning of the military dictatorship. With the formation of new parties, including the PSDB, a
3334:
1104:. The only victory of the party in Rio occurred in 1994, when the majority of voters in the state supported FHC in the presidential election and the toucans Artur da Tavola and
3802:
2045:
753:
The PSDB is one of the largest and most significant political parties in Brazil. Its official program says its policies are social democratic and often associated with the
3912:
partidos de centro e direita . Tanto que, após a eleição presidencial de 1994, a maioria dos analistas passou a classificar o PSDB como partido de centro junto com o PMDB
3991:
3467:
3828:
846:
After suffering defeats in the 2016 and 2018 elections, PSDB went through a rebranding. The font of their logo was changed, the Toucan was removed in favor of a
17:
4789:
3708:
948:
from businessmen who participated in the Brazilian privatization process, held companies in tax shelters, and moved millions of dollars between 1993 and 2003.
654:(PMDB) linked to the European social democratic movement as an attempt to clarify their ideals, its manifesto preached "democracy as a fundamental value" and "
3965:
3544:
2068:
4170:
1902:
842:
Political reform to make stronger parties with electoral district representatives more accountable as well as aiming to reduce and eliminate corruption
3240:
4648:
2050:
4031:
4056:
2059:
3929:
785:
Trabalhadores (UGT), but its impact among the unions has always been quite unimpressive compared to even much smaller parties as the PDT or the
4774:
3105:
2011:
1192:
came in fourth in the presidential election with less than 5% of votes and the party fell to 10th position in number of representatives in the
1000:
and Democrats) as a "center-right coalition". However, in the 2010 report by the same organization, PSDB was defined as a "center-left" party.
4718:
3934:
3266:
1994:
3428:
3582:
934:
4008:
3655:
976:, one of the founders of the PSDB, left the party in 2011 for ideological reasons, claiming "that the party had taken a hard turn to the
3292:
923:
4638:
1020:
The PSDB questions the use of what it considers "outdated political labels" such as "left" and "right". To quote a document drafted by
426:
349:
3078:
4163:
3952:
In early 1994, Fernando Henrique Cardoso forged a three-party, centrist coalition around his Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)
3612:
894:
According to an analysis released on 8 September 2012, of 317 Brazilian politicians who were barred from running in elections by the
412:
4613:
3806:
726:
722:
3682:
862:, the party's principles were revised and the Toucan logo was reinstated under Eduardo Leite's leadership, alongside a new motto,
3776:
4804:
4723:
4487:
4338:
4230:
733:
of government as in most countries of the Americas, the PSDB stands almost alone in the preference given in its manifesto to a
38:
4743:
4563:
1108:
were elected to the senate and state governorship, respectively. PT is also strongly rejected in Rio, however less than PSDB.
4703:
4668:
3841:
3220:
3122:
682:
4698:
4548:
4156:
2122:
1819:
4784:
4533:
4179:
3477:
2654:
2404:
651:
647:
480:
4794:
4748:
4618:
4456:
3027:
2999:
2968:
2942:
3135:
1069:. However, the party has not succeeded in transforming this into results in presidential elections, partly because of
4643:
4568:
4296:
3511:
3436:
776:
which draws together social democratic parties worldwide (the Brazilian member of the Socialist International is the
3969:
3548:
1217:
smashed the voter base of the party. The PSDB faced a runoff in three of the four biggest states, namely São Paulo,
4673:
4392:
4242:
997:
777:
3583:"Declaração Programática do Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (Documento preliminar para discussão interna)"
1196:, with fewer representatives than the Democrats. The key reasons for this failure were the corruption scandals of
4799:
4713:
4633:
2821:
2769:
2706:
2602:
2550:
2498:
2446:
2305:
2278:
2251:
2224:
2197:
2172:
2147:
1185:
1101:
855:
567:
or official cooperation with each other at any government levels. The PSDB's mascot is a blue and yellow colored
548:
339:
3641:
4708:
4578:
4431:
2332:
1204:, the lack of charisma and wrong strategies of Alckmin in the presidential campaign, which chose to attack the
650:(PMDB) and would later create the Brazilian Social Democracy Party. Founded on 25 June 1988 by members of the
4733:
4543:
4523:
4518:
4350:
4224:
3195:
1214:
159:
4678:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4513:
4441:
4344:
4200:
4190:
3322:
2349:
1193:
674:. The period when the PSDB was created was a very significant moment in the history of Brazilian politics.
384:
236:
1070:
635:
533:
4779:
4663:
4573:
4538:
4266:
4140:
1968:
1815:
973:
938:
658:
as an aim to be reached". In its foundation, the party attempted to unite political groups as diverse as
525:
3347:"Direita ou esquerda? Análise de votações indica posição de partidos brasileiros no espectro ideológico"
4477:
4436:
4356:
4206:
1989:
1906:
1157:
1089:
1037:
817:
802:
746:
643:
529:
3722:
4753:
4693:
4658:
4623:
4528:
4426:
4374:
4272:
4248:
3939:
2887:
2177:
2152:
1798:
1705:
1021:
961:
786:
707:
596:
521:
113:
3102:
62:
4738:
4683:
4608:
4603:
4278:
4083:
3565:
Mainwaring, Scott; Meneguello, Rachel; Power, Timothy J. (2000), "Conservative Parties in Brazil",
880:
559:
in the 1990s, the PSDB and the PT have since the mid-1990s been the bitterest of rivals in current
440:
3536:
1959:
1392:
4553:
4461:
4328:
1077:
773:
398:
329:
3609:
1181:
have the capacity to push the party more to the right-wing of the Brazilian political spectrum.
898:, the PSDB is the party that has the largest number of barred candidates with 56 party members.
703:
4688:
4628:
4482:
4451:
4314:
3524:
2025:
797:
most of the party's traditional electorate had already turned, while former São Paulo Governor
4583:
1544:
4508:
4446:
3164:"'O novo PSDB assume sua bandeira liberal', diz pupilo de Dória - Politica - Estado de Minas"
1153:
1149:
3865:
3736:
3454:
1058:
4380:
4284:
4236:
1604:
1178:
1046:
754:
671:
556:
316:
284:
3502:
3416:
2041:
1972:
1945:
1925:
1853:
1843:
1811:
1484:
1326:
1230:
859:
8:
4728:
4503:
4302:
1802:
1386:
1288:
1205:
1174:
977:
910:
730:
667:
501:
485:
274:
254:
3494:
3221:"Social liberalismo: La brújula rota de Fernando Henrique Cardoso | Nueva Sociedad"
3123:"Social liberalismo: La brújula rota de Fernando Henrique Cardoso | Nueva Sociedad"
1658:
1406:
4558:
4404:
4308:
1954:
1888:
1238:
1121:
1093:
918:
884:
624:
623:
With the imminent collapse of the military dictatorship in the early 1980s, a group of
560:
475:
294:
244:
1372:
4050:
3902:
3837:
2054:
1983:
1963:
1950:
1931:
1870:
1242:
1222:
1062:
1042:
663:
638:, but the group split over ideological grounds. A group of democratic socialists and
544:
264:
3897:
3880:
2021:
4386:
4254:
3892:
3709:"PSDB encerra Diálogos Tucanos com a apresentação das novas diretrizes e logomarca"
3472:
3136:
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/article/PSDB11.doc
2899:
2354:
1915:
1893:
1699:
1490:
1464:
1412:
1352:
1332:
1105:
766:
659:
588:
269:
1510:
630:
were mobilized to create a leftist party. Some of them attempted to work with the
3346:
3109:
2310:
2229:
1849:
1610:
1550:
1189:
1028:
988:
806:
798:
715:
631:
584:
202:
83:
73:
31:
1570:
1066:
4071:"Eduardo Leite assume presidência do PSDB com desafio de reconstruir o partido"
2883:
1884:
1664:
1312:
1209:
1116:
comes from right-wing sectors like conservative Christians, professionals, the
847:
769:, as well as both fundamentalist neoliberalism and obsolete national-statism".
741:
687:
678:
655:
600:
537:
4148:
3761:
2891:
2283:
2127:
2031:
1825:
1530:
1197:
1161:
pragmatic views, thus an important factor in the often internal rifts between
711:
695:
592:
580:
4768:
4368:
4218:
3925:
3906:
3616:
1921:
1866:
1590:
1524:
1234:
1097:
1032:
993:
969:
758:
552:
279:
30:"PSDB" redirects here. For the romanization method of Taiwanese Hokkien, see
2895:
2256:
2202:
1941:
1839:
1807:
1470:
1432:
941:
691:
612:
608:
4421:
4362:
4212:
4125:
3441:
2035:
1998:
1911:
1833:
1829:
1246:
1218:
1201:
1170:
1117:
1081:
627:
604:
3429:"Doria: 'PSDB deixa de ser partido de centro-esquerda para ser de centro'"
3381:
Party Institutionalization and Women's Representation in Democratic Brazil
1127:
This support is not viewed well inside the "old guard" of the party. Many
3360:"Millionaire Doria of centrist PSDB party wins mayor's race in Sao Paulo"
2072:
2063:
2038:
and chairman of the Committee for External Relations and National Defence
1875:
1346:
1226:
1145:
1141:
984:
895:
781:
1366:
960:
party, some people on the left reject this definition, especially after
171:
3293:"'Sou de esquerda, mas ninguém acredita', diz FHC - 09/04/2014 - Poder"
1879:
915:
734:
699:
639:
249:
192:
182:
3267:"Aécio Neves: 'Para a direita não adianta me empurrar que eu não vou'"
1229:
and centre-right views than Alckmin. PSDB triumphed in São Paulo with
4290:
1137:
965:
564:
3241:"Tucano é hostilizado depois de criticar radicais em ato - Política"
1564:
4653:
3628:
1133:
957:
762:
312:
302:
4030:
G1, Laís Alegretti e Fabiano CostaDo; Brasília, em (5 July 2015).
3992:"La droite brésilienne veut séduire les bolsonaristes " modérés ""
3883:[The left-right confusion in the post-Berlin Wall world].
1446:
3803:"Brazilian political party threatens to sue journalist over book"
3364:
3335:"Leia a carta que Bruno Covas escreveu dois dias antes de morrer"
1935:
1080:, where the positioning of the party in the Brazilian centre and
945:
929:
551:
from the late 1970s through the 1980s, and later shifting toward
4032:"Aécio Neves é reeleito para presidir o PSDB por mais dois anos"
3656:"Ex-governador Alberto Goldman, do PSDB, declara apoio a Haddad"
3495:"Exclusive: Brazil opposition leader will seek economic reforms"
3405:"Exclusive: Brazil opposition leader will seek economic reforms"
1504:
1306:
1088:
and another parties with less national representation, like the
4112:
Official website of Institute of Political studies of the party
3567:
Conservative Parties, the Right, and Democracy in Latin America
1584:
568:
369:
175:
3805:. Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas. Archived from
3737:"Desde 2000, 623 políticos foram cassados. DEM lidera ranking"
3079:"PSDB escolhe Marconi Perillo como novo presidente do partido"
2015:
1897:
1426:
1856:
and presidential candidate for 2006 and 2018, former member
1188:, the party suffered the greatest defeat in its history as
1085:
983:
In an article titled "The left-right confusion in the post-
757:
movement, although the party is also seen as influenced by
721:
In a country where two constitutional referendums, held in
363:
3642:"Brésil : Au secours l'extrême-droite revient ?"
826:
achievement toward these tenets of PSDB's stated program:
3881:"A confusão esquerda-direita no mundo pós-Muro de Berlim"
3564:
1846:
and former presidential candidate for 2022, former member
858:, especially with the loss of their longtime hegemony in
4111:
3683:"PSDB tem nova logo e "mata" tucano clássico em emblema"
1169:
to support of the party for the government of President
169:
SGAS Q.607, Ed. Metrópolis, Mód. B Cobertura 2 - Asa Sul
4009:"Garcia: 'PSDB não é partido de direita, é da direita'"
1928:
and candidate for vice president in 2022, former member
1787:
1073:'s charisma and partly because of internal infighting.
1004:
right-wing presidential candidate Aecio Neves in 2014.
3777:"PSDB tem o maior número de barrados pelo Ficha Limpa"
4101:
1828:, former party president, current federal deputy for
528:, the PSDB was the main opposition party against the
460:
839:
Sustainable economic growth with wealth distribution
854:("For Brazil"). However, after heavy losses in the
3857:
3729:
3316:
996:defined the opposition coalition (formed by PSDB,
968:politics as President. The party has been seen as
772:Despite its name, the PSDB is not a member of the
4649:Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order
3196:"Artigo: Por uma Social Democracia contemporânea"
3103:"Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados"
2018:and party floor leader at the Chamber of Deputies
4766:
4132:Numbers of Brazilian Official Political Parties
1896:, former party president and former senator for
646:(PT) while the social democrats remained in the
4178:
3800:
3774:
3146:
921:, a former special reporter of weekly magazine
2028:and third secretary of the Chamber of Deputies
4790:Christian democratic parties in South America
4164:
3924:
3569:, Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 178
3476:(in Portuguese). 28 July 2015. Archived from
1041:which also moved more to the right (from the
780:, PDT). The party has never had the links to
761:. The party's program states that it "reject
524:. As the formerly third largest party in the
3830:A Construção da ideologia neoliberal do PSDB
1822:and presidential candidate for 2002 and 2010
1200:, the party's support for the government of
1057:The main electoral base of the party is the
833:Keeping the state at a minimally needed size
729:, have shown a very strong preference for a
4055:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3863:
3558:
1792:
1260:
1076:Most rejection of the party comes from the
642:joined the labour movement and founded the
4639:Party of the Christian Democracy of Brazil
4171:
4157:
4029:
3768:
3662:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 October 2018
3383:. Cambridge University Press. p. 166.
3273:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 9 November 2014
1603:
1583:
1543:
1463:
1305:
1287:
350:Christian Democrat Organization of America
61:
3896:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
2083:
1860:
4614:Movement for the Unity of the Communists
3958:
3878:
2734:
2731:
2713:
2710:
2338:
874:
816:
740:
3580:
3522:
3200:Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira
1049:) in the 1990s in order to be elected.
956:Although the PSDB declares itself as a
506:Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira
54:Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira
18:Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira
14:
4767:
3402:
3063:
2909:
2005:
1015:
901:
39:Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)
4775:Political parties established in 1988
4152:
3509:
3468:"PSDB: de progressista a conservador"
3378:
3193:
3161:
821:PSDB logo used between 2019 and 2023.
690:). Some of the founding members were
4699:Republican Party of the Social Order
3930:"Freedom in the World 2009 – Brazil"
3775:Talita Abrantes (8 September 2012).
3076:
2078:
1788:Prominent members and former members
1156:and aggressive exploitation of anti-
4744:Socialist Republican Party of Ceará
4564:Evolutionist Liberal Party of Ceará
3610:"404 - File or directory not found"
3194:Leone, Matheus (18 November 2013).
1836:and presidential candidate for 2014
1624:
1255:
850:and the party received a new motto
652:Brazilian Democratic Movement Party
648:Brazilian Democratic Movement Party
563:—both parties prohibit any kind of
518:Party of Brazilian Social Democracy
160:Brazilian Democratic Movement Party
24:
4704:Retirees' National Party of Brazil
3801:Natalia Mazotte (2 January 2012).
3680:
3674:
3503:"Has Brazil voted for continuity?"
3417:"Has Brazil voted for continuity?"
3151:. Mauad Editora Ltda. p. 111.
677:On 21 April 1985, President-elect
571:, with party members being called
25:
4816:
4093:
514:Brazilian Social Democratic Party
4399:Brazilian Social Democracy Party
4261:Brazilian Social Democracy Party
4086:blogdoraul.com.br September 2011
3581:Goldman, Alberto (18 May 2001).
3510:Foley, Conor (4 February 2009).
3046:
3045:
3018:
3017:
2990:
2989:
2861:
2860:
2840:
2839:
2809:
2808:
2788:
2787:
2746:
2745:
2725:
2724:
2694:
2693:
2673:
2672:
2642:
2641:
2621:
2620:
2590:
2589:
2569:
2568:
2538:
2537:
2517:
2516:
2486:
2485:
2465:
2464:
1698:
1657:
1563:
1523:
1503:
1483:
1445:
1425:
1405:
1385:
1365:
1345:
1325:
972:by critics from its beginnings.
869:
683:National Constitutional Assembly
498:Brazilian Social Democracy Party
51:Brazilian Social Democracy Party
4634:Party of Popular Representation
4457:United Socialist Workers' Party
4077:
4063:
4023:
4014:
4002:
3984:
3968:. Freedom House. Archived from
3918:
3898:10.1590/S0011-52582004000300006
3872:
3821:
3794:
3754:
3715:
3701:
3648:
3634:
3629:"União Geral dos Trabalhadores"
3622:
3603:
3574:
3403:Winter, Brian (November 2010).
3393:
3387:
3372:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3310:
3285:
3259:
3233:
3227:
3162:Minas, Estado de (4 May 2019).
2876:
856:2022 Brazilian general election
836:Administrative decentralization
812:
745:Presidential elections against
340:Centrist Democrat International
4724:Social Democratic Party (1987)
4719:Social Democratic Party (1945)
4709:Rio-grandense Republican Party
4644:Party of the Nation's Retirees
4432:Brazilian Labour Renewal Party
3864:Bresser Pereira, Luiz Carlos.
3512:"Looking for Lula's successor"
3437:"Looking for Lula's successor"
3213:
3187:
3181:
3155:
3140:
3129:
3115:
3096:
2333:2021 PSDB presidential primary
879:Based on data released by the
13:
1:
4805:1988 establishments in Brazil
4544:Conservative Republican Party
4524:Brazilian Labour Party (1981)
4519:Brazilian Labour Party (1945)
4488:Revolutionary Communist Party
4351:Brazilian Democratic Movement
4225:Brazilian Democratic Movement
3966:"Map of Freedom in the World"
3866:"Adeus à política partidária"
3523:Philips, Tom (5 March 2010).
3461:(in Portuguese). 18 May 2011.
3455:"Adeus à política partidária"
3147:Peter Kingstone, ed. (2008).
3056:
2034:, current federal deputy for
2024:, current federal deputy for
2014:, current federal deputy for
1237:and in the agrarian state of
1052:
830:Constant defense of democracy
543:Born together as part of the
4679:Proletarian Liberation Party
4669:Progressive Republican Party
4589:Humanist Party of Solidarity
4514:Brazilian Integralist Action
3762:"The politics of corruption"
3537:"latinbusinesschronicle.com"
3505:. BBC News. 31 October 2010.
2849:
2846:
2828:
2825:
2797:
2794:
2776:
2773:
2682:
2679:
2661:
2658:
2630:
2627:
2609:
2606:
2578:
2575:
2557:
2554:
2526:
2523:
2505:
2502:
2474:
2471:
2453:
2450:
2427:
2424:
2411:
2408:
1225:, all of them with more pro-
7:
4574:Fluminense Republican Party
4471:Unregistered active parties
4267:Socialism and Liberty Party
4180:Political parties in Brazil
3545:"Freedom in the World 2010"
3497:. Reuters. 1 November 2010.
3149:Democratic Brazil Revisited
1820:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1173:and a far more support for
974:Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira
951:
10:
4821:
4785:Centrist parties in Brazil
4534:Christian Democratic Party
3723:"PSDB moderniza sua marca"
2330:
1997:, former vice governor of
1988:, former vice governor of
1914:, current senator for the
1090:Brazilian Republican Party
1038:Companhia Vale do Rio Doce
987:world", political analyst
618:
36:
29:
4795:Liberal parties in Brazil
4749:Syndicalist Popular Party
4659:Paulista Republican Party
4624:National Renewal Alliance
4619:National Democratic Union
4529:Catholic Electoral League
4496:
4470:
4427:Brazilian Communist Party
4414:
4375:Brazilian Socialist Party
4324:
4273:Communist Party of Brazil
4249:Brazilian Socialist Party
4186:
4137:
4130:
4122:
3879:Segrillo, Angelo (2004).
3689:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
3590:Instituto de Iberoamérica
3247:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2888:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
2744:
2737:
2723:
2716:
2705:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2345:
2178:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
2153:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
1799:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
1717:
1715:
1706:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
1704:
1697:
1676:
1674:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1233:, Rio Grande do Sul with
1071:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
1027:The party did not preach
1022:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
962:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
787:Communist Party of Brazil
708:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
636:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
597:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
534:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
522:political party in Brazil
471:
458:
453:
439:
425:
411:
397:
383:
376:TSE Identification Number
375:
356:
345:
336:International affiliation
335:
325:
308:Historical, now minority:
293:
235:
227:
219:
211:
201:
191:
187:Instituto Teotônio Vilela
181:
165:
155:
137:
119:
114:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
107:
99:
89:
79:
69:
60:
48:
27:Political party in Brazil
4739:Social Progressive Party
4684:Reform Progressive Party
4609:Mineiro Republican Party
4569:Federal Republican Party
4415:Other registered parties
4297:Democratic Renewal Party
2325:In government coalition
2192:In government coalition
2167:In government coalition
2071:, current vice mayor of
1793:President and candidates
1261:List of party presidents
881:Superior Electoral Court
575:for this reason. Famous
532:(PT) administrations of
37:Not to be confused with
4554:Democratic Social Party
4437:Brazilian Woman's Party
4393:Democratic Labour Party
4339:Social Democratic Party
4243:Democratic Labour Party
4231:Social Democratic Party
3379:Wylie, Kristin (2018).
1078:State of Rio de Janeiro
778:Democratic Labour Party
774:Socialist International
295:Political position
4800:Social liberal parties
4754:Workers' General Party
4714:Social Christian Party
4689:Renovator Labour Party
4629:Orienting Labour Party
4315:Sustainability Network
4187:Parties represented in
2084:Presidential elections
1934:, current senator for
1924:, current senator for
1905:, current senator for
1887:, current governor of
1878:, current governor of
1869:, current governor of
1861:Governors and Senators
1102:Social Christian Party
822:
750:
505:
143:; 35 years ago
125:; 36 years ago
4579:Free Fatherland Party
4509:Brazilian Black Front
4447:National Mobilization
2339:Legislative elections
1971:, former governor of
1962:, former governor of
1960:Ranolfo Vieira Júnior
1953:, former governor of
1944:, former Senator for
1852:, former governor of
1842:, former governor of
1832:, former senator for
1810:, former senator for
1393:Teotônio Vilela Filho
1186:2018 general election
1154:market fundamentalism
875:Ranking of corruption
866:("Only one Brazil").
820:
749:between 1994 and 2014
744:
672:democratic socialists
549:military dictatorship
512:), also known as the
4734:Social Liberal Party
4599:Liberal Party (1985)
4594:Liberal Party (1831)
4462:Workers' Cause Party
3551:on 23 December 2011.
3525:"Working class hero"
2882:Alternation between
1294:Provisory Committee
1215:Social Liberal Party
1179:Free Brazil Movement
1065:, Sergio Guerra and
935:Minister of Planning
927:and daily newspaper
704:André Franco Montoro
557:liberal conservatism
346:Regional affiliation
326:National affiliation
285:Liberal conservatism
4729:Social Labour Party
4584:Gaúcho United Front
4504:Alliance for Brazil
4442:Christian Democracy
4325:Parties represented
4191:Chamber of Deputies
4084:De Volta ao Começo!
3998:. 26 December 2019.
3972:on 23 December 2011
3445:. 4 February 2009.
2916:
2910:Municipal elections
2350:Chamber of Deputies
2062:, current mayor of
2053:, current mayor of
2044:, current mayor of
2006:Mayors and Deputies
1803:President of Brazil
1206:right-wing populist
1194:Chamber of Deputies
1175:economic liberalism
1016:Political alignment
911:A Privataria Tucana
903:A Privataria Tucana
731:presidential system
668:Christian democrats
595:, former President
540:from 2003 to 2016.
385:Chamber of Deputies
275:Christian democracy
255:Economic liberalism
141:24 August 1989
4780:Neoliberal parties
4664:Progressive League
4539:Conservative Party
4126:44 – UNION (UNIÃO)
3809:on 2 February 2012
3423:. 31 October 2010.
3349:. BBC News Brasil.
3108:9 May 2019 at the
2934:overall seats won
2914:
2360:Role in government
1955:Mato Grosso do Sul
1889:Mato Grosso do Sul
1816:Minister of Health
1615:November 30, 2023
1598:November 30, 2023
1538:December 17, 2017
1498:November 23, 2007
1239:Mato Grosso do Sul
1122:upper middle class
1059:State of São Paulo
939:Minister of Health
919:Amaury Ribeiro Jr.
823:
751:
561:Brazilian politics
547:opposition to the
476:Politics of Brazil
223:Diversidade Tucana
109:Honorary President
4762:
4761:
4674:Progressive Party
4147:
4146:
4138:Succeeded by
4135:45 – BSDP (PSDB)
3887:(in Portuguese).
3843:978-85-60979-08-0
3764:. September 2019.
3725:. 24 August 2023.
3711:. 24 August 2023.
3660:UOL Eleições 2018
3480:on 27 August 2017
3368:. 3 October 2016.
3077:Teixeira, Pedro.
3054:
3053:
2872:
2871:
2329:
2328:
2079:Electoral history
2069:Maurício Carvalho
2042:Álvaro Costa Dias
1964:Rio Grande do Sul
1951:Reinaldo Azambuja
1932:Alessandro Vieira
1871:Rio Grande do Sul
1785:
1784:
1622:
1621:
1578:January 31, 2023
1555:December 17, 2017
1515:November 23, 2007
1243:Reinaldo Azambuja
1231:João Doria Junior
1223:Rio Grande do Sul
1063:Cassio Cunha Lima
1012:the right wing".
603:, Aloysio Nunes,
545:social democratic
526:National Congress
494:
493:
481:Political parties
265:Social liberalism
123:25 June 1988
103:Reinaldo Azambuja
93:Paula Mascarenhas
80:General Secretary
16:(Redirected from
4812:
4694:Republican Party
4549:Democratic Party
4173:
4166:
4159:
4150:
4149:
4141:50 – SOLP (PSOL)
4123:Preceded by
4120:
4119:
4116:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:Official website
4087:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4054:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3949:
3947:
3938:. Archived from
3928:(16 July 2009).
3922:
3916:
3914:
3900:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3835:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3587:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3562:
3556:
3552:
3547:. Archived from
3540:
3532:
3519:
3506:
3498:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3473:Jornal do Brasil
3462:
3459:folha.uol.com.br
3450:
3432:
3424:
3412:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3297:Folha de S.Paulo
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3144:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3113:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3074:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3021:
3020:
3013:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2959:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2900:Pimenta da Veiga
2880:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2791:
2790:
2783:
2764:
2756:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2434:
2418:
2343:
2342:
2088:
2087:
1987:
1916:Federal District
1894:Tasso Jereissati
1702:
1661:
1629:
1628:
1625:Honor Presidents
1607:
1595:January 31, 2023
1587:
1567:
1547:
1527:
1507:
1491:Tasso Jereissati
1487:
1467:
1452:Eduardo Azeredo
1449:
1429:
1409:
1389:
1369:
1353:Pimenta da Veiga
1349:
1333:Tasso Jereissati
1329:
1309:
1291:
1265:
1264:
1256:Party leadership
1106:Marcello Alencar
896:Clean Record Act
795:
767:authoritarianism
660:social democrats
589:Tasso Jereissati
467:
464:
462:
448:
434:
427:State Assemblies
420:
406:
392:
368:
362:
270:Social democracy
151:
149:
144:
133:
131:
126:
110:
65:
46:
45:
21:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4604:Liberator Party
4497:Defunct parties
4492:
4466:
4410:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4177:
4143:
4134:
4128:
4115:(in Portuguese)
4114:
4107:(in Portuguese)
4106:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4048:
4047:
4040:
4038:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4007:
4003:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3945:
3943:
3942:on 24 July 2011
3923:
3919:
3877:
3873:
3862:
3858:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3773:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3681:Soares, Olavo.
3679:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3627:
3623:
3608:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3585:
3579:
3575:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3543:
3539:. 5 March 2021.
3535:
3501:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3466:
3453:
3435:
3427:
3415:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3377:
3373:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3345:
3341:
3333:
3329:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3168:Estado de Minas
3160:
3156:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3110:Wayback Machine
3101:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3075:
3064:
3059:
3042:
3039:
3014:
3011:
2986:
2983:
2960:
2957:
2933:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2881:
2877:
2857:
2854:
2836:
2833:
2805:
2802:
2784:
2781:
2762:
2754:
2742:
2739:
2721:
2718:
2690:
2687:
2669:
2666:
2638:
2635:
2617:
2614:
2586:
2583:
2565:
2562:
2534:
2531:
2513:
2510:
2482:
2479:
2461:
2458:
2435:
2432:
2419:
2416:
2341:
2336:
2311:Geraldo Alckmin
2230:Geraldo Alckmin
2086:
2081:
2051:Cinthia Ribeiro
2008:
2001:, former member
1981:
1975:, former member
1938:, former member
1918:, former member
1863:
1850:Geraldo Alckmin
1795:
1790:
1627:
1611:Marconi Perillo
1551:Geraldo Alckmin
1373:Artur da Távola
1263:
1258:
1190:Geraldo Alckmin
1084:often loses to
1055:
1045:or left to the
1029:nationalization
1018:
989:Angelo Segrillo
954:
906:
877:
872:
815:
807:Fernando Haddad
799:Alberto Goldman
793:
735:parliamentarian
716:Geraldo Alckmin
664:social liberals
632:labour movement
621:
585:Geraldo Alckmin
490:
459:
449:
446:
435:
432:
421:
418:
407:
404:
393:
390:
366:
360:
321:
289:
170:
156:Split from
147:
145:
142:
129:
127:
124:
108:
95:Duarte Nogueira
94:
84:Paulo Abi-Ackel
74:Marconi Perillo
56:
55:
52:
42:
35:
32:Phofsit Daibuun
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4818:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4357:Workers' Party
4354:
4348:
4342:
4335:
4333:
4329:Federal Senate
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4207:Workers' Party
4204:
4197:
4195:
4184:
4183:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4136:
4129:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4109:
4095:
4094:External links
4092:
4089:
4088:
4076:
4062:
4022:
4013:
4001:
3983:
3957:
3917:
3871:
3856:
3842:
3820:
3793:
3767:
3753:
3728:
3714:
3700:
3687:Gazeta do Povo
3673:
3647:
3633:
3621:
3615:2006-10-14 at
3602:
3573:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3541:
3533:
3520:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3464:
3451:
3433:
3425:
3413:
3399:
3392:
3386:
3371:
3351:
3339:
3327:
3315:
3309:
3284:
3258:
3232:
3226:
3212:
3186:
3180:
3154:
3139:
3128:
3114:
3095:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2884:Franco Montoro
2874:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2743:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2355:Federal Senate
2352:
2347:
2340:
2337:
2331:For more, see
2327:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2300:In opposition
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2273:In opposition
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2246:In opposition
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2219:In opposition
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2142:In opposition
2140:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2029:
2026:Santa Catarina
2022:Geovania de Sá
2019:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1992:
1979:Carlos Almeida
1976:
1969:Rodrigo Garcia
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1903:Plínio Valério
1900:
1891:
1885:Eduardo Riedel
1882:
1873:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1837:
1823:
1805:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1665:Franco Montoro
1662:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1480:
1479:
1478:November 2005
1476:
1473:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1313:Franco Montoro
1310:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1210:Jair Bolsonaro
1158:Workers' Party
1054:
1051:
1017:
1014:
953:
950:
908:The 2011 book
905:
900:
887:and the PMDB.
876:
873:
871:
868:
848:flag of Brazil
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
814:
811:
803:Workers’ Party
747:Workers' Party
688:Franco Montoro
679:Tancredo Neves
656:social justice
644:Workers' Party
620:
617:
601:Franco Montoro
538:Dilma Rousseff
530:Workers' Party
492:
491:
489:
488:
483:
478:
472:
469:
468:
456:
455:
451:
450:
445:
443:
437:
436:
431:
429:
423:
422:
417:
415:
409:
408:
403:
401:
399:Federal Senate
395:
394:
389:
387:
381:
380:
377:
373:
372:
358:
354:
353:
347:
343:
342:
337:
333:
332:
330:Always Forward
327:
323:
322:
320:
319:
310:
305:
299:
297:
291:
290:
288:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
241:
239:
233:
232:
229:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
205:
199:
198:
197:Juventude PSDB
195:
189:
188:
185:
179:
178:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
139:
135:
134:
121:
117:
116:
111:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
91:
90:Vice President
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
58:
57:
53:
50:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4817:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4452:Popular Unity
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4345:Liberal Party
4343:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4201:Liberal Party
4199:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4169:
4167:
4162:
4160:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4142:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4113:
4110:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4085:
4080:
4072:
4066:
4058:
4052:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4017:
4010:
4005:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3953:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3926:Freedom House
3921:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3875:
3867:
3860:
3845:
3839:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3808:
3804:
3797:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3763:
3757:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3724:
3718:
3710:
3704:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3643:
3637:
3630:
3625:
3618:
3617:archive.today
3614:
3611:
3606:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3568:
3561:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3382:
3375:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3348:
3343:
3336:
3331:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3222:
3216:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3184:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3150:
3143:
3137:
3132:
3124:
3118:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3044:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3016:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2988:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2852:
2838:
2831:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2800:
2786:
2779:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2692:
2685:
2671:
2664:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2640:
2633:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2588:
2581:
2567:
2560:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2529:
2515:
2508:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2477:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2430:
2421:
2414:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2344:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2100:Second round
2089:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:Hildon Chaves
2058:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1922:Mara Gabrilli
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1867:Eduardo Leite
1865:
1864:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1677:Died in 1999
1671:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1655:
1647:
1630:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:Eduardo Leite
1589:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1558:May 31, 2019
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1518:May 18, 2013
1517:
1514:
1512:
1511:Sérgio Guerra
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:November 2005
1494:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:October 2005
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1266:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:Eduardo Leite
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:Progressistas
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1033:privatization
1030:
1025:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1001:
999:
995:
994:Freedom House
990:
986:
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913:
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870:Controversies
867:
865:
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835:
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829:
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819:
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792:
788:
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764:
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759:neoliberalism
756:
748:
743:
739:
736:
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728:
724:
719:
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669:
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637:
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629:
628:intellectuals
626:
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606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:neoliberalism
550:
546:
541:
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531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
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499:
487:
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477:
474:
473:
470:
466:
457:
452:
444:
442:
438:
430:
428:
424:
416:
414:
413:Governorships
410:
402:
400:
396:
388:
386:
382:
378:
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365:
359:
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351:
348:
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324:
318:
314:
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286:
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281:
280:Progressivism
278:
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78:
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72:
68:
64:
59:
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44:
40:
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19:
4483:Pirate Party
4478:Libertarians
4398:
4369:Progressives
4363:Brazil Union
4260:
4219:Progressives
4213:Brazil Union
4131:
4079:
4065:
4039:. Retrieved
4035:
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4016:
4004:
3995:
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3970:the original
3960:
3951:
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3940:the original
3933:
3920:
3910:
3888:
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3859:
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3829:
3823:
3811:. Retrieved
3807:the original
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3780:
3770:
3756:
3744:. Retrieved
3740:
3731:
3717:
3703:
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3686:
3676:
3664:. Retrieved
3659:
3650:
3636:
3624:
3605:
3593:. Retrieved
3589:
3576:
3566:
3560:
3549:the original
3529:The Guardian
3528:
3516:The Guardian
3515:
3482:. Retrieved
3478:the original
3471:
3458:
3446:
3442:The Guardian
3440:
3420:
3408:
3395:
3389:
3380:
3374:
3363:
3354:
3342:
3330:
3318:
3312:
3302:24 September
3300:. Retrieved
3296:
3287:
3277:24 September
3275:. Retrieved
3270:
3261:
3251:24 September
3249:. Retrieved
3244:
3235:
3229:
3223:. July 1995.
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3199:
3189:
3183:
3171:. Retrieved
3167:
3157:
3148:
3142:
3131:
3125:. July 1995.
3117:
3098:
3086:. Retrieved
3082:
2976:13.57 (2nd)
2878:
2868:Independent
2816:Independent
2441:Independent
2394:
2389:
2384:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2135:11.5% (4th)
2117:Vote %
2111:Vote %
2097:First round
2036:Minas Gerais
2012:Adolfo Viana
1999:Minas Gerais
1912:Izalci Lucas
1834:Minas Gerais
1830:Minas Gerais
1575:May 31, 2019
1571:Bruno Araújo
1535:May 18, 2013
1475:October 2005
1455:January 2005
1251:
1247:centre-right
1219:Minas Gerais
1202:Michel Temer
1183:
1171:Michel Temer
1167:
1162:
1128:
1126:
1113:
1110:
1082:centre-right
1075:
1067:Simão Jatene
1056:
1026:
1019:
1009:
1006:
1002:
982:
955:
928:
922:
909:
907:
902:
893:
889:
878:
864:Um só Brasil
863:
851:
845:
824:
813:Recent times
790:
789:, or to the
771:
752:
720:
676:
622:
605:Yeda Crusius
576:
572:
542:
517:
513:
509:
497:
495:
307:
259:
203:Women's wing
166:Headquarters
43:
4381:Republicans
4291:Citizenship
4285:Green Party
4237:Republicans
4194:(513 seats)
3996:Le Monde.fr
3891:: 615–632.
3595:15 November
3484:26 February
3448:coalitions.
3088:30 November
3040:520 / 5,568
3032:10,332,139
3012:803 / 5,568
3004:17,633,653
2984:693 / 5,568
2973:13,950,000
2958:791 / 5,568
2947:14,537,570
2892:Mário Covas
2795:20,310,558
2763:(2016-2018)
2755:(2014-2016)
2753:Opposition
2732:23,880,078
2711:11,073,631
2701:Opposition
2680:30,903,736
2659:11,477,380
2649:Opposition
2628:10,547,778
2607:12,691,043
2597:Opposition
2576:21,360,291
2555:12,473,743
2503:11,684,900
2472:15,652,182
2297:48.4 (2nd)
2294:51,041,155
2291:33.6 (2nd)
2288:34,897,211
2284:Aécio Neves
2270:44.0 (2nd)
2267:43,711,388
2264:32.6 (2nd)
2261:33,132,283
2243:39.2 (2nd)
2240:37,543,178
2237:41.6 (2nd)
2234:39,968,369
2216:38.7 (2nd)
2213:33,356,860
2210:23.2 (2nd)
2207:19,694,843
2185:53.1 (1st)
2182:35,922,692
2160:54.3 (1st)
2157:34,362,726
2128:Mário Covas
2073:Porto Velho
2064:Porto Velho
2032:Aécio Neves
1995:Paulo Brant
1982: [
1876:Raquel Lyra
1826:Aécio Neves
1641:Convention
1531:Aécio Neves
1413:José Aníbal
1249:candidate.
1227:free market
1198:Aécio Neves
1146:personalism
1142:opportunism
1138:demagoguery
1047:centre-left
985:Berlin Wall
852:Pelo Brasil
782:trade union
712:Aécio Neves
696:Mário Covas
640:Trotskyists
593:Aécio Neves
581:Mário Covas
447:519 / 5,566
317:centre-left
207:PSDB Mulher
4769:Categories
4332:(81 seats)
4303:Solidarity
3946:17 January
3849:19 October
3786:21 October
3746:19 October
3693:17 October
3666:16 January
3323:"Programa"
3205:6 November
3083:CNN Brasil
3057:References
2896:José Richa
2847:1,394,547
2826:3,309,061
2774:5,905,541
2761:Coalition
2545:Coalition
2524:6,366,681
2493:Coalition
2451:6,350,941
2409:3,515,809
2318:4.8 (4th)
2315:5,096,277
2257:José Serra
2203:José Serra
2132:7,786,939
2094:Candidate
1942:José Serra
1880:Pernambuco
1840:João Doria
1808:José Serra
1781:Incumbent
1618:Incumbent
1471:José Serra
1433:José Serra
1208:candidate
1053:Voter base
970:neoliberal
942:José Serra
937:and later
916:journalist
805:candidate
700:Ciro Gomes
692:José Serra
613:José Serra
609:João Doria
502:Portuguese
433:73 / 1,059
352:(observer)
250:Liberalism
228:Membership
212:Black wing
193:Youth wing
183:Think tank
148:1989-08-24
130:1988-06-25
4559:Democrats
4405:New Party
4309:New Party
4041:19 August
3907:0011-5258
3531:. London.
3518:. London.
3173:19 August
2346:Election
1973:São Paulo
1946:São Paulo
1926:São Paulo
1854:São Paulo
1844:São Paulo
1814:, former
1812:São Paulo
1801:, former
1245:, also a
1150:promotion
1094:Democrats
966:Third Way
964:embraced
946:kickbacks
944:received
885:Democrats
860:São Paulo
809:instead.
801:endorsed
755:Third Way
625:left-wing
565:coalition
486:Elections
260:Factions:
245:Third Way
231:1,461,364
220:LGBT wing
215:TucanAFRO
138:Legalized
100:Treasurer
70:President
4051:cite web
4036:Política
3813:24 March
3613:Archived
3421:BBC News
3106:Archived
2926:% votes
2834:13 / 513
2782:29 / 513
2719:54 / 513
2667:53 / 513
2615:65 / 513
2563:70 / 513
2511:99 / 513
2459:62 / 513
2417:38 / 513
1990:Amazonas
1907:Amazonas
1632:Picture
1268:Picture
1134:populism
1100:and the
1043:far-left
958:centrist
952:Ideology
763:populism
579:include
391:13 / 513
237:Ideology
172:Brasília
4654:Patriot
4327:in the
4279:Forward
3976:14 June
3741:O Globo
3431:. Veja.
3409:Reuters
3365:Reuters
3271:O Globo
3245:Estadão
2915:Mayors
2798:11.85%
2740:10 / 81
2735:26.73%
2714:11.39%
2688:11 / 81
2683:18.13%
2662:11.88%
2636:14 / 81
2631:12.50%
2610:13.62%
2584:11 / 81
2579:13.90%
2558:14.26%
2532:16 / 81
2527:10.30%
2506:17.54%
2475:16.34%
2454:13.90%
1936:Sergipe
1184:In the
1163:tucanos
1148:, self-
1129:tucanos
1114:tucanos
930:O Globo
791:tucanos
738:system.
725:and in
634:led by
619:History
577:tucanos
573:tucanos
520:, is a
516:or the
454:Website
357:Colours
146: (
128: (
120:Founded
4387:We Can
4255:We Can
3905:
3840:
3325:(PDF).
2932:No. of
2923:Votes
2855:4 / 81
2850:1.37%
2829:3.02%
2803:8 / 81
2777:6.01%
2480:9 / 54
2433:1 / 32
2412:8.68%
2114:Votes
2108:Votes
2055:Palmas
1649:Begin
1644:Notes
1279:Begin
1118:middle
1092:, the
924:ISTO É
611:, and
569:toucan
441:Mayors
419:3 / 27
405:3 / 81
370:Yellow
367:
361:
313:Centre
303:Centre
176:Brazil
3935:UNHCR
3885:Dados
3834:(PDF)
3781:Exame
3586:(PDF)
2920:Year
2395:Seats
2385:Votes
2377:Seats
2367:Votes
2103:Role
2091:Year
2046:Natal
2016:Bahia
1986:]
1898:Ceara
1773:2017
1765:2015
1757:2013
1749:2011
1741:2009
1733:2007
1725:2005
1713:2003
1693:2001
1685:1998
1672:1995
1638:Term
1635:Name
1440:2005
1420:2003
1400:2001
1380:1996
1360:1995
1340:1994
1320:1991
1300:1989
1274:Term
1271:Name
1241:with
978:right
794:'
4353:(11)
4347:(12)
4341:(15)
4269:(13)
4263:(14)
4257:(15)
4251:(15)
4245:(18)
4239:(41)
4233:(43)
4227:(43)
4221:(50)
4215:(59)
4209:(68)
4203:(97)
4189:the
4057:link
4043:2023
3978:2010
3948:2010
3903:ISSN
3851:2014
3838:ISBN
3815:2013
3788:2014
3748:2014
3695:2022
3668:2022
3597:2014
3486:2020
3304:2021
3279:2021
3253:2021
3207:2023
3175:2023
3090:2023
3050:283
3035:N/A
3028:2020
3022:110
3007:N/A
3000:2016
2979:N/A
2969:2012
2963:New
2953:New
2950:N/A
2943:2008
2937:+/–
2929:+/–
2898:and
2822:2022
2770:2018
2707:2014
2655:2010
2603:2006
2551:2002
2499:1998
2447:1994
2438:New
2428:N/A
2425:N/A
2422:New
2405:1990
2399:+/–
2381:+/–
2306:2018
2279:2014
2252:2010
2225:2006
2198:2002
2173:1998
2148:1994
2123:1989
1778:2017
1770:2015
1762:2013
1754:2011
1746:2009
1738:2007
1730:2005
1722:2003
1710:2001
1690:1999
1682:1996
1669:1994
1652:End
1437:2003
1417:2001
1397:1996
1377:1995
1357:1994
1337:1991
1317:1989
1297:1988
1282:End
1221:and
1120:and
1086:PMDB
765:and
727:1993
723:1963
714:and
670:and
555:and
536:and
510:PSDB
496:The
463:.org
461:psdb
364:Blue
4422:Act
4407:(1)
4401:(2)
4395:(3)
4389:(4)
4383:(4)
4377:(4)
4371:(6)
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4359:(8)
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4275:(7)
3893:doi
2994:94
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2792:25
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