624:
7380:
35:
7222:
522:
917:
691:
7429:
7327:
7059:
604:
508:
668:
7315:
7198:
7047:
8242:
1173:
7726:
7030:
6969:
7234:
4941:
7112:
7088:
6806:
8230:
1161:
7397:
7271:
7164:
6906:
7300:
7210:
7181:
7100:
6952:
6889:
6872:
6818:
6789:
6777:
7368:
6855:
7339:
7283:
7013:
6940:
1689:
7136:
7351:
7076:
6923:
6981:
7124:
1432:, disputes broke out between Gerakan and MCA as seven ex-MCA members (with support from MCA) stood against Gerakan. The party lost some seats but managed to retain its stronghold Penang despite losing its position as the biggest party in Penang. Gerakan also sought to expand its influence in others states, especially in Perak, an effort helped by continued defections from MCA. In 1979, Michael Chen stood against
718:
2921:
2874:
2827:
2780:
2688:
2556:
2512:
2468:
2418:
2968:
2733:
2644:
2600:
1534:, the party suffered its worst electoral defeat. The party retained only two parliament seats, compared to the 10 seats it had before the election. As a result, the party lost its only cabinet post in the ensuing cabinet shuffle. In addition, Gerakan also lost power in Penang after governing the state for almost 39 years. Soon after the defeat, a number of prominent members, such as
1546:
to voice
Gerakan's ideology, policy position and advocate Malaysian solutions for various major issues, to rebuild, rebrand and re-empower the party at all levels, and to regain people's confidence. The party also launched a new slogan, "Forward Together with One Heart" (Satu Hati Gerak Bersama), and set out its area of concerns and strategies.
1393:, which won in Kelantan, were the only parties not then affiliated with the Alliance Party to form a state government in Malaysia. However, due to internal disputes within the party, for example over plan for closer ties with Alliance, the party was split. Many of its members, such as Syed Hussein Alatas,
1545:
After the dismal performance in the 12th general election, Gerakan launched a party rejuvenation campaign in conjunction with the party's 40th anniversary celebrations on 25 May 2008 in its bid to rebound in mainstream politics and to regain people's confidence. It outlined three main thrusts, namely
1452:
should replace Lim Chong Eu as Penang Chief
Minister after his term expired. Gerakan threatened to resign from BN unless it was allocated more seats. It was then allocated 9 seats, it nevertheless lost 4 of these, thereby ending with the same number of seats (5). It also saw increased pressure from
1436:
for the MCA Presidency but lost, then later in 1981 joined
Gerakan. He was followed by 120,000 dissidents MCA members, thereby allowing Gerakan to create of new branches and become a nationwide organisation. (Chen however later rejoined MCA after a failed challenge to replace Lim Keng Yaik as leader
1424:
and Paul Leong Khee Seong, joined
Gerakan. In 1980, Lim Chong Eu decided to retire from the post of party president, and Lim Keng Yaik won the presidency over Lim Chong Eu's preferred candidate Paul Leong. Lim Keng Yaik stayed as president of Gerakan until he decided to retire in 2007.
6040:
1492:, and became closely associated with the fortune of Penang. In that time there had been only two chief ministers in Penang, Lim and Koh Tsu Koon, both from Gerakan. In 1996, in an attempt to win broader support, the party shifted its headquarter to
1573:, Gerakan failed to win any seat and therefore had no representation in Parliament for the first time. On 23 June 2018, the party unanimously decided to leave BN in the aftermath of the election. Following the party's departure from
4611:
6152:
1487:
For nearly four decades, from 1969 to 2008, although not necessarily the biggest party (UMNO was the biggest party in Penang for many years from the late 1970s onward), Gerakan played a dominant role in the
6726:
1405:(PEKEMAS). The PEKEMAS party however proved to be short-lived, and Gerakan itself became reduced and largely Chinese as many non-Chinese left the party. In 1972, Gerakan joined the Alliance which became
5882:
6647:
4687:
6429:
5932:
5897:
1353:
in 1962. In 1968, UDP was dissolved and its former members, together with the Labour Party and others, joined force to form a new party
Gerakan. The six founders of the party were Professor
6673:
6192:
5902:
5461:
1645:
8157:
7981:
6145:
5757:
5486:
6719:
6188:
6159:
5922:
5892:
1277:
Gerakan played a dominant role in the Penang state legislature from 1969 until 2008. It also enjoyed some success nationally as part of the ruling BN coalition, particularly in the
1561:
for the post. In 2016, for the first time in history, the
President of BN did not attend the annual general meeting of Gerakan and instead briefly appeared on video for 2 minutes.
1369:. Although the majority of its supporters were Chinese, the party positioned itself as a Malaysian, non-communal party that received some support from the Indians and Malays. Its
5867:
6668:
5747:
5496:
6073:
5952:
5937:
7729:
6712:
5521:
5506:
5441:
1031:
1915:
4657:
8102:
7355:
5877:
5752:
5912:
5742:
5481:
2037:
7910:
6653:
5872:
5501:
2049:
1987:
1903:
5787:
8262:
2137:
2131:
2101:
1811:
1801:
1618:
682:
137:
129:
1476:
in his Padang Kota constituency, after which Lim Chong Eu retired from politics. Nevertheless, Gerakan retained the post of Chief
Minister of Penang with Dr.
4929:
2113:
1967:
1962:
1806:
133:
5887:
4179:
1982:
1942:
1304:
The party is assisted by an affiliated think tank called SEDAR Institute (Socio-Economic
Development And Research Institute). The party is a member of the
894:
6735:
6695:
6663:
2107:
1952:
1855:
1821:
801:
145:
7782:
6822:
4695:
2027:
4907:
7987:
7766:
6184:
6121:
6066:
2125:
2064:
2054:
2032:
1927:
1816:
141:
7214:
2022:
2017:
2012:
1972:
6658:
5967:
5823:
2095:
2077:
2059:
1992:
1977:
1957:
1879:
1831:
1791:
407:
155:
121:
8282:
7999:
7536:
6252:
5830:
5792:
2143:
2083:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1947:
1932:
1867:
1843:
1213:
183:
101:
5591:
5426:
1937:
1441:, it increased its representation in both the national level (from 4 to 5, out of 7 seats allocated) as well as state level (from 12 to 15).
809:
7776:
6139:
6059:
4111:
863:
8297:
8027:
7068:
6487:
6476:
4735:
4194:
7812:
7331:
6500:
3035:
1702:
1301:. Despite clashes with its coalition allies, the party is perceived to be dependent on continued membership within Perikatan Nasional.
4798:
4754:
5647:
4922:
4772:
8287:
8277:
5702:
5446:
5381:
5286:
5002:
4967:
1596:
coalition. However, it again failed to win any seat in the parliamentary or state elections. However, the party won a seat in the
1503:, Gerakan achieved its best electoral result, winning 10 parliamentary seats and 30 state seats. On 27 August 2005, its president
1027:
8005:
7874:
7849:
6409:
5068:
1305:
417:
8267:
7904:
5229:
1186:
8067:
6636:
6493:
5319:
4945:
4640:
4595:
4568:
4541:
4514:
4487:
4460:
4416:
4389:
4362:
4335:
4308:
4281:
4233:
1046:
991:
956:
943:
557:
4817:
4665:
8272:
6915:
6793:
6310:
5962:
5737:
5471:
5466:
5386:
5160:
4992:
4915:
1389:
by taking 16 out of 24 seats, winning control from the MCA. Lim Chong Eu became Penang's Chief
Minister. Gerakan and the
7754:
6932:
6573:
6384:
6275:
5586:
5335:
5291:
5268:
5020:
3030:
1349:. Dr Lim requested that MCA be given 40 seats to contest (MCA was allocated 30 seats). He left MCA, and later set up the
749:
8292:
8055:
8045:
7433:
7389:
7372:
7226:
7128:
6626:
6567:
5917:
5862:
5732:
5692:
5566:
5391:
4937:
3040:
1473:
1454:
1402:
1350:
1206:
264:
247:
4131:
1511:
in its party election. Lim retained his party
President post after winning with 983 votes against 628 votes for Kerk.
8086:
7975:
7421:
6842:
6542:
6443:
5977:
5857:
5697:
5314:
5129:
4878:
3025:
3015:
1489:
1458:
1428:
Gerakan had continual conflicts with MCA as it challenged MCA's position as the main Chinese party within BN. In the
1263:
1553:, the party failed to improve its position and losing one its two remaining parliamentary seats. Later in the year,
8197:
8177:
8011:
7818:
7772:
6985:
6847:
6810:
6524:
6416:
6370:
6135:
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5842:
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5727:
5376:
5350:
5219:
5058:
3050:
3045:
3020:
3010:
2898:
2851:
2804:
2757:
2712:
2668:
2624:
2580:
2536:
2492:
2448:
2395:
1650:
1570:
1550:
1531:
1500:
1481:
1465:
1445:
1438:
1429:
1386:
1286:
1251:
891:
6944:
6512:
6288:
6128:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5345:
5170:
5053:
4997:
4154:
2945:
1589:
1282:
1278:
935:
923:
4884:
Pillai, M.G.G. (3 November 2005). "National Front parties were not formed to fight for Malaysian independence".
8191:
8061:
8021:
6466:
6456:
6177:
6115:
5677:
5672:
5652:
5516:
1346:
7830:
7786:
7092:
7051:
6864:
6827:
6561:
6403:
6211:
5511:
5476:
5401:
5355:
5234:
5025:
1578:
1334:
1199:
1012:
706:
579:
241:
7935:
7867:
7039:
6601:
6339:
5982:
5947:
5813:
5667:
5416:
5250:
5111:
1601:
1298:
1041:
345:
8120:
8114:
8033:
7917:
7790:
7563:
7319:
7238:
6876:
6832:
6555:
6536:
6518:
6436:
6333:
6304:
6300:
6281:
6221:
5997:
5907:
5717:
5396:
5363:
5340:
5309:
5214:
1390:
1020:
866:
855:
766:
733:
709:
6051:
1515:
became the new Deputy President which he won unopposed after the nomination day for the party election.
8220:
8203:
8187:
8017:
7929:
7923:
7808:
7796:
7443:
7292:
7185:
7000:
6781:
6595:
6579:
6470:
6314:
6294:
6264:
6002:
5972:
5682:
5086:
5035:
4632:
he Influence of the Type of Dominant Party on Democracy: A Comparison Between South Africa and Malaysia
4354:
he Influence of the Type of Dominant Party on Democracy: A Comparison Between South Africa and Malaysia
1710:
1527:
took over as acting president in 2007, and won the presidency uncontested in the 2008 party elections.
1144:
784:
741:
6704:
4862:
Chin, James (2006) New Chinese Leadership in Malaysia: The Contest for the MCA and Gerakan Presidency
4477:
1523:
In 2008, Lim Keng Yaik retired from politics after relinquishing the post of party president in 2007.
8039:
7941:
7885:
7493:
7401:
7034:
6613:
6548:
6321:
6041:
List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency
5927:
5722:
5712:
5642:
5581:
5436:
5239:
5155:
5096:
5030:
2434:
1796:
1597:
1294:
1255:
843:
835:
796:
638:
125:
7598:
7993:
7878:
7655:
7304:
7243:
7173:
7080:
6397:
6205:
5687:
5601:
1075:
6798:
8145:
7802:
7248:
6956:
6377:
6327:
6171:
5987:
5957:
5818:
5491:
5421:
5134:
5106:
4987:
4957:
1092:
875:
7548:
4108:
623:
8163:
7963:
7711:
7705:
7438:
7343:
7275:
7221:
6927:
6910:
6837:
6630:
6506:
6363:
6271:
5992:
5837:
5797:
5662:
5637:
5596:
5411:
5175:
5045:
1002:
980:
846:
812:
674:
659:
615:
268:
253:
4630:
4585:
4379:
4298:
4271:
4223:
8108:
7416:
7258:
7140:
6898:
6893:
6619:
6585:
6462:
6258:
6217:
6199:
6093:
6007:
5847:
5431:
5371:
5278:
5165:
5078:
4558:
4531:
4504:
4433:
4406:
4352:
4325:
4249:
4202:
1132:
1070:
1065:
985:
931:
908:
883:
825:
562:
486:
400:
7005:
4450:
1289:, where Gerakan lost all its seats, it left the coalition. The party joined the then ruling
8171:
8167:
7483:
7116:
6241:
6231:
6030:
5707:
5456:
5063:
2985:
2345:
1767:
1630:
1097:
1080:
646:
589:
552:
89:
8:
8098:
7633:
7610:
7531:
7411:
7287:
7017:
6968:
6225:
6105:
5942:
5224:
5197:
4158:
2183:
1374:
1366:
1354:
776:
191:
175:
8051:
7824:
7648:
7168:
7104:
6607:
6111:
5611:
5406:
5260:
5244:
5121:
5091:
4835:
2978:
1593:
1582:
1342:
1290:
1271:
1139:
1120:
975:
387:
365:
229:
7674:
7628:
7233:
7145:
6961:
6881:
6589:
6235:
5451:
5301:
4874:
4636:
4591:
4564:
4537:
4510:
4483:
4456:
4412:
4385:
4358:
4331:
4304:
4277:
4229:
1309:
521:
34:
1448:, Gerakan came into conflict with UMNO when it was suggested that a Malay, possibly
916:
8126:
7898:
7861:
7688:
7553:
7384:
7253:
6995:
6859:
6450:
6359:
6165:
5576:
5101:
5012:
4118:, Liberal International, www.liberal-international.org. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
2931:
2884:
2837:
2790:
2743:
2698:
2654:
2610:
2566:
2522:
2478:
1574:
1406:
1313:
1267:
965:
630:
380:
7603:
7593:
8246:
8234:
8181:
7638:
7588:
7541:
7503:
7478:
7468:
7326:
6390:
6035:
4979:
4435:
The Politics of Accommodation: An Analysis of the 1978 Malaysian General Election
4115:
1558:
1177:
1165:
1126:
970:
752:
690:
324:
7473:
7428:
7406:
7190:
6765:
5616:
5606:
2938:
2323:
2089:
1891:
1826:
1755:
1715:
1554:
1542:
to take up posts with Opposition-led state governments in Penang and Selangor.
1539:
1508:
1398:
1358:
1308:. At its height, the party's primary source of support came from the country's
358:
179:
165:
7526:
6973:
6346:
4799:"Former BN party Gerakan joins Malaysia's ruling Perikatan Nasional coalition"
8256:
7583:
7573:
7498:
7022:
6245:
5632:
4479:
Non-sectarian Politics in Malaysia: The Case of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia
2797:
2750:
2705:
2661:
2617:
2573:
2227:
2119:
1779:
1535:
1504:
1469:
1449:
1433:
1421:
1102:
787:
744:
111:
7643:
7568:
7488:
7463:
7063:
6747:
6483:
5657:
5571:
4963:
4959:
4381:
Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary
4273:
Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary
4219:
2891:
2844:
2529:
2485:
2441:
2276:
2249:
2205:
1524:
1512:
1493:
1477:
1338:
1317:
1293:
in 2021. It had no representation at the national or state-level until the
1270:(BN), the ruling coalition of Malaysia until 2018. It has been a member of
1107:
1086:
736:
725:
698:
603:
471:
456:
282:
187:
1484:, Gerakan bounced back, winning 7 parliamentary seats and 23 state seats.
507:
7680:
7558:
7521:
7379:
7058:
6990:
6081:
4688:"Will a party rejuvenation program save Gerakan from its impending doom?"
1362:
667:
354:
195:
8241:
4717:
4180:"Gerakan in tough position within Perikatan over brewery donation issue"
1172:
7314:
7197:
7046:
6734:
6694:
1243:
350:
314:
304:
7029:
6353:
5198:
Parties without representation in the Parliament and State Assemblies
4556:
4529:
1639:
7111:
7087:
6805:
4940:
1417:
1394:
1341:
resigned his position as president after conflict with UMNO leader
1247:
370:
1377:, and later Lim took over the presidency which lasted until 1980.
1266:. In 1972, Gerakan joined the Alliance Party, which later became
7578:
7396:
7360:
7299:
7270:
7209:
7202:
7180:
7163:
7099:
6951:
6939:
6905:
6888:
6871:
6817:
6788:
6776:
6530:
4126:
4124:
1370:
4583:
4475:
7367:
7350:
7338:
7282:
7135:
7075:
7012:
6922:
6854:
1646:
List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2023–present)
1461:
and overtook Gerakan as the second largest party in the state.
1259:
717:
4121:
7123:
6980:
4900:
1732:
1694:
1557:
took over as president after beating Penang Gerakan chairman
1413:
1312:
who constitute 80% of the party's membership, with 15% being
1297:, where the party achieved its first electoral victory since
535:
4655:
7848:
7263:
4612:"Sdr Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon (President from 2007 to 2013)"
4560:
Malaysia's 1986 General Election: The Urban-rural Dichotomy
4533:
Malaysia's 1986 General Election: The Urban-rural Dichotomy
4587:
The City in Southeast Asia: Patterns, Processes and Policy
4276:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 603–605.
1468:, it suffered a setback when Lim Chong Eu was defeated by
1600:, which is the party's first electoral victory since the
1538:
and Lee Kah Choon, went over to the opposition coalition
309:
Socio-Economic Development And Research Institute (SEDAR)
4752:
7753:
4455:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 9–11.
4438:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 58–59.
5793:
United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation (PASOK)
5427:
Sabah National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN)
1619:
Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament
876:
High Court in Malaya ∙ High Court in Sabah and Sarawak
8218:
8085:
6082:
Member parties of international liberal organisations
5472:
Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE)
4384:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 634.
4303:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 259.
2152:
5968:
United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA)
4755:"Gerakan: Mah Siew Keong is the new party president"
4509:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 50.
4411:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 12.
6737:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
6696:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
4296:
1640:Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)
1250:.Formed in 1968, Gerakan gained prominence in the
5933:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU)
5549:
4773:"Do more to win people over, Najib urges Gerakan"
8254:
5287:United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO)
4557:Sankaran Ramanathan; Mohd. Hamdan Adnan (1990).
4530:Sankaran Ramanathan; Mohd. Hamdan Adnan (1990).
4502:
4448:
4404:
5703:United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO)
5648:Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS)
5003:United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)
4482:. Trafalgar Publishing House. pp. 84, 90.
4378:Cheah Kooi Guan (2012). Leo Suryadinata (ed.).
4377:
4270:Cheah Kooi Guan (2012). Leo Suryadinata (ed.).
4269:
4152:
5467:Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB)
4753:L. Suganya; D. Kanyakumari (26 October 2013).
4656:Dharmender Singh; Chritina Tan (29 May 2008).
4265:
4263:
8263:Observer parties of the Liberal International
6720:
6067:
5883:Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP)
5346:Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)
4923:
4815:
4431:
1412:In 1973, a number of former MCA members from
1207:
7870:(represented through two individual members)
5447:Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU)
5382:Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP)
5320:Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)
5230:All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (IPF)
4628:
4563:. Institute of Southeast Asian. p. 58.
4536:. Institute of Southeast Asian. p. 29.
4350:
4323:
4192:
1420:who were expelled from the party, including
1361:, Dr. J.B.A. Peter, Lim Chong Eu, Professor
8144:
5853:Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN)
5738:Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP)
5161:Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA)
5130:Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU)
4584:Peter James Rimmer; Howard W. Dick (2009).
4476:Neil Jin Keong Khor; Kay Peng Khoo (2008).
4260:
2364:
7962:
6727:
6713:
6074:
6060:
5858:Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU)
5567:All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA)
5462:Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS)
5021:United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)
4930:
4916:
1607:
1457:which increased its representation in the
1281:, but Its fortune declined sharply in the
1214:
1200:
6092:
5923:Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU)
5898:United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO)
5693:United Sabah National Organisation (USNO)
5653:Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM)
5392:Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA)
5377:Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)
5351:Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)
5315:Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA)
5054:United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB)
4818:"Gerakan to contest under Perikatan logo"
2993:
1385:The party won the state of Penang in the
5978:Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP)
5698:United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO)
5678:Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS)
5512:Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI)
5220:Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA)
4330:. Scarecrow Press. pp. ixvi–ixvii.
4214:
4212:
7850:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
5963:Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM)
5903:Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR)
5843:North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP)
5763:Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP)
5517:Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS)
5487:Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM)
5140:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)
4718:"Gerakan still has a role to play: Koh"
4590:. Univ of Hawaii Pr. pp. 123–124.
1306:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
726:House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat)
418:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
8255:
5948:Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN)
5918:Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS)
5768:Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)
5397:Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN)
5269:Malaysian Indian People’s Party (MIPP)
8283:Political parties established in 1968
8143:
8084:
7961:
7847:
7752:
6708:
6693:
6091:
6055:
5938:Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH)
5868:Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP)
5778:Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA)
5728:Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS)
5673:Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA)
5587:Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF)
5548:
5477:Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP)
5310:Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA)
5196:
5171:Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM)
4956:
4911:
4209:
4186:
992:List of political parties in Malaysia
5908:United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA)
5758:Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO)
5643:Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS)
5626:Defunct former parliamentary parties
5235:Malaysian Indian United Party (MIUP)
5087:Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN)
5059:Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP)
4866:(CSEA), Vol. 28, No. 1 (April 2006).
4300:Indian Communities in Southeast Asia
4153:Minderjeet Kaur (11 February 2021).
1345:over the allocation of seats in the
7755:Liberal South East European Network
5873:Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN)
5748:National Association of Perak (NAP)
5442:Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS)
5251:Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)
5026:Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)
4218:
1316:, and the remaining spread between
13:
8298:Multiracialist parties in Malaysia
5983:Community Coalition Congress (CCC)
5953:Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS)
5893:United People's Party (1976) (UPP)
5814:Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)
5773:Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)
5529:Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)
5522:Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR)
5417:Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC)
5364:Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG)
5215:Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP)
5069:Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)
4871:Malaysia: Beyond Communal Politics
2153:List of party leaders (Presidents)
1480:taking over the position. In the
1403:Parti Keadilan Masyarakat Malaysia
1285:. Following the fall of BN in the
602:
228:Legalised as 'political party' by
14:
8309:
8087:Liberal Network for Latin America
5928:Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA)
5718:Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA)
5457:Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK)
5437:Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS)
5402:Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS)
5341:Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)
5036:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)
4892:
4816:Lo Tern Chern (26 October 2022).
4694:. 29 October 2013. Archived from
4635:. Springer VS. pp. 106–108.
4193:Suthakar, K. (20 November 2006).
4134:. New Straits Times. 23 June 2018
4132:"Gerakan leaves Barisan Nasional"
1262:and won the majority of seats in
1232:Malaysian People's Movement Party
441:(Forward Together with One Heart)
281:8, Jalan Pudu Ulu, Cheras, 56100
26:Malaysian People's Movement Party
8240:
8228:
7725:
7724:
7427:
7395:
7378:
7366:
7349:
7337:
7325:
7313:
7298:
7281:
7269:
7232:
7220:
7208:
7196:
7179:
7162:
7134:
7122:
7110:
7098:
7086:
7074:
7057:
7045:
7028:
7011:
6979:
6967:
6950:
6938:
6921:
6904:
6887:
6870:
6853:
6816:
6804:
6787:
6775:
6026:* denotes non-registered parties
6003:Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)
5973:Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP)
5683:Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP)
5356:People's Alternative Party (PAP)
5112:Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)
5097:Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR)
4939:
4506:Malaysia's 1982 General Election
4452:Malaysia's 1982 General Election
4408:Malaysia's 1982 General Election
4297:K S Sandhu, A Mani, ed. (1993).
4228:. Scarecrow Press. p. 106.
2966:
2920:
2919:
2873:
2872:
2826:
2825:
2779:
2778:
2731:
2687:
2686:
2642:
2598:
2555:
2554:
2511:
2510:
2467:
2466:
2417:
2416:
1687:
1651:Kedah State Legislative Assembly
1171:
1159:
915:
892:Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak
716:
689:
666:
622:
520:
506:
33:
8288:Political parties of minorities
8278:1968 establishments in Malaysia
5913:Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR)
5878:Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA)
5713:Sabah Chinese Association (SCA)
5668:National Convention Party (NCP)
5336:Malaysian Indian People’s Party
5240:Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM)
5031:Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)
4828:
4809:
4791:
4765:
4746:
4728:
4710:
4680:
4658:"Gerakan's Tan 'joins' Pakatan"
4649:
4622:
4604:
4577:
4550:
4523:
4496:
4469:
4442:
4425:
4398:
4371:
4344:
4317:
2973:No representation in Parliament
2926:No representation in Parliament
1719:
1590:2022 Malaysian general election
1581:, which it lost. It joined the
1564:
924:Election Commission of Malaysia
18:Political party in Malaysia
5602:Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU)
5482:Malaysian National Party (PNM)
5292:Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
5107:Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP)
4290:
4242:
4172:
4146:
4102:
2967:
2732:
2643:
2599:
1:
8268:Political parties in Malaysia
7947:*associate member **observer
5863:Social Democratic Party (SDP)
5838:Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM)
5819:Malayan Communist Party (MCP)
5733:United Democratic Party (UDP)
5723:People's Justice Front (AKAR)
5638:Sarawak National Party (SNAP)
5550:Defunct parties and coalition
5502:Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA)
5492:Green Party of Malaysia (PHM)
5432:Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN)
5422:Sabah Nationality Party (PKS)
5387:People's Welfare Party (KITA)
5135:Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)
4998:National Trust Party (AMANAH)
4988:Democratic Action Party (DAP)
4946:Political parties in Malaysia
4616:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia
4254:Parti Gerakan Rakyak Malaysia
4109:Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party
4096:
1743:
1579:2019 Tanjung Piai by-election
1577:, the party contested in the
1507:was challenged by the Deputy
1335:Malaysian Chinese Association
1228:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia
1021:Chief ministers of the states
242:Malaysian Chinese Association
72:Malēciya makkaḷ iyakkak kaṭci
45:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia
5993:Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM)
5798:Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)
5783:Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)
5743:Muslim League of Malaya (ML)
5708:Sabah National Party (SANAP)
5663:Labour Party of Malaya (Lab)
5526:Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S)
5497:People First Party (URPARTI)
5412:Malaysian United Party (MUP)
5046:Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)
4993:People's Justice Party (PKR)
4250:"The Early Years, 1968–1972"
3055:Total won / Total contested
1602:2014 Telok Intan by-election
1585:coalition in February 2021.
1518:
1380:
1328:
1254:when it defeated the ruling
7:
8273:Liberal parties in Malaysia
6746:European Parliament group:
6008:Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB)
5848:Selangor Labour Party (SLP)
5788:Sabah Indian Congress (SIC)
5372:Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM)
5368:Socialist Alternative (SA)*
5279:Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)
5208:Friends of Barisan Nasional
5166:Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM)
5079:Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)
4958:Parties represented in the
4864:Contemporary Southeast Asia
4357:. Springer VS. p. 99.
4195:"PPP offers Gerakan merger"
3005:State Legislative Assembly
1612:
1391:Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party
867:Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim
710:Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah
69:மலேசிய மக்கள் இயக்கக் கட்சி
10:
8314:
5988:Sabah People's Front (SPF)
5958:Sabah People's Party (PRS)
5507:Barisan Penyatuan Nasional
5360:Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)
5245:Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)
5064:Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS)
3004:
1923:Central Committee members:
1775:Deputy National President:
1643:
1616:
1323:
1264:Penang's state legislature
1234:, commonly abbreviated as
60:Mǎláixīyà mínzhèng yùndòng
8293:Chinese-Malaysian culture
8152:
8139:
8093:
8080:
7970:
7957:
7856:
7843:
7761:
7748:
7720:
7698:
7665:
7621:
7512:
7494:Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck
7456:
7154:
6763:
6756:
6744:
6702:
6689:
6100:
6087:
6024:
5943:Sabah Chinese Party (PCS)
5888:Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT)
5806:
5625:
5559:
5555:
5544:
5328:
5300:
5277:
5259:
5225:Love Malaysia Party (PCM)
5207:
5203:
5192:
5148:
5120:
5077:
5044:
5011:
4978:
4974:
4952:
4873:. Pelanduk Publications.
4503:Harold A. Crouch (1982).
4449:Harold A. Crouch (1982).
4405:Harold A. Crouch (1982).
3001:
2168:
2076:Federal Territory :
1916:Syed Nor Azman Syed Daros
1851:Deputy Secretary-General:
1797:Baljit Singh Jigiri Singh
1729:
1680:
1598:2023 Kedah state election
1295:2023 Kedah state election
1231:
548:
533:
528:
519:
514:
505:
500:
485:
470:
455:
445:
434:
423:
413:
397:International affiliation
396:
376:
364:
344:
333:
323:
313:
303:
289:
277:
260:
236:
221:
209:
201:
171:
161:
151:
126:Baljit Singh Jigiri Singh
117:
107:
95:
85:
77:
65:
51:
41:
32:
23:
7765:Bosnia and Herzegovina:
7699:Affiliated organisations
7656:Von der Leyen Commission
7564:Valery Giscard d'Estaing
6120:Bosnia and Herzegovina:
5998:Human Rights Party (HRP)
5407:Penang Front Party (PFP)
5156:Heritage Party (WARISAN)
5092:United Sabah Party (PBS)
4869:Goh, Cheng Teik (1994).
4856:
2365:General election results
1669:Parliament Constituency
1626:His Majesty's appointee:
1490:Penang State Legislature
1373:president was Professor
750:Leader of the Opposition
742:Leader of the Government
578:This article is part of
8146:Arab Liberal Federation
7668:at the European Council
7155:Member parties (non-EU)
5753:Radical Party (RADICAL)
5658:National Party (Negara)
5612:Barisan Alternatif (BA)
5452:Parti Damai Sabah (SPP)
5302:Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA)
5261:Perikatan Nasional (PN)
5122:Perikatan Nasional (PN)
4114:26 October 2011 at the
2106:Negeri Sembilan :
2038:Raymond Cham Choon Fatt
1608:Elected representatives
1474:Democratic Action Party
1455:Democratic Action Party
1351:United Democratic Party
1333:In 1959, the leader of
1060:Ideologies and concepts
439:Satu Hati Gerak Bersama
366:Political position
265:United Democratic Party
248:United Democratic Party
7964:Africa Liberal Network
7712:European Liberal Forum
7706:European Liberal Youth
7622:European Commissioners
5102:Love Sabah Party (PCS)
4432:Ismail Kassim (1978).
4327:The A to Z of Malaysia
4225:The A to Z of Malaysia
2994:State election results
2050:Joseph Khoo Kha Sheang
1988:Puvaniten M Helangovan
1904:Prabagaran Vythilingam
1588:Gerakan contested the
847:Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat
813:Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar
675:Parliament of Malaysia
607:
254:Labour Party of Malaya
230:Registrar Of Societies
7356:RPR-PARNAS/РПР-ПАРНАС
6094:Liberal International
5824:Revolutionary Faction
5807:Other defunct parties
5013:Barisan Nasional (BN)
4629:Malte Kaßner (2014).
4351:Malte Kaßner (2014).
4324:Keat Gin Ooi (2010).
1571:2018 general election
1551:2013 general election
1532:2008 general election
1501:2004 general election
1482:1995 general election
1466:1990 general election
1459:Penang state assembly
1446:1986 general election
1439:1982 general election
1430:1978 general election
1387:1969 general election
1347:1959 general election
1287:2018 general election
1279:2004 general election
1252:1969 general election
884:Chief Judge of Malaya
699:Senate (Dewan Negara)
631:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
606:
487:Dewan Undangan Negeri
408:Alliance of Democrats
401:Liberal International
216:Officially registered
47:ڤرتي ڬرقن رعيت مليسيا
7549:Jean-François Pintat
7484:Uffe Ellemann-Jensen
6031:Politics of Malaysia
5597:Kumpulan Maju (MAJU)
5577:Socialist Front (SF)
4980:Pakatan Harapan (PH)
2986:Dominic Lau Hoe Chai
2387:Outcome of election
2346:Dominic Lau Hoe Chai
2138:Henry Teoh Kien Hong
2132:Alexander Lo Su Hyen
2102:Michael Gan Peng Lam
1812:Parameswaran Ganason
1802:Alexander Lo Su Hyen
1768:Dominic Lau Hoe Chai
1631:Dominic Lau Hoe Chai
1238:or less commonly as
647:Conference of Rulers
553:Politics of Malaysia
414:Regional affiliation
377:National affiliation
138:Parameswaran Ganason
130:Alexander Lo Su Hyen
90:Dominic Lau Hoe Chai
7998:Equatorial Guinea:
7666:Heads of government
7611:European Parliament
7532:Cornelis Berkhouwer
7513:European Parliament
6251:Equatorial Guinea:
5617:Pakatan Rakyat (PR)
5607:Gagasan Rakyat (GR)
5582:Alliance Party (AP)
4836:"Former Presidents"
4805:. 12 February 2021.
4159:Free Malaysia Today
2879:Governing coalition
2832:Governing coalition
2785:Governing coalition
2738:Governing coalition
2693:Governing coalition
2649:Governing coalition
2605:Governing coalition
2561:Governing coalition
2517:Governing coalition
2473:Governing coalition
2429:Governing coalition
2184:Syed Hussein Alatas
2114:Ranndy Yap Kim Heng
1968:Dennis Gan Thau Onn
1963:Jimmy Chew Jyh Gang
1863:National Treasurer:
1807:Ranndy Yap Kim Heng
1763:National President:
1703:Kulim-Bandar Baharu
1675:State Constituency
1375:Syed Hussein Alatas
1355:Syed Hussain Alatas
1246:political party in
1178:Politics portal
1166:Malaysia portal
944:Electoral districts
192:Veerappen Veerathan
176:Syed Hussein Alatas
134:Ranndy Yap Kim Heng
7649:Margrethe Vestager
7259:Girchi-MF/გირჩი-მთ
5633:Malayan Party (MP)
5560:Defunct coalitions
4698:on 15 January 2018
4668:on 9 December 2017
4155:"Gerakan joins PN"
2979:Perikatan Nasional
2142:Terengganu :
1983:Peilin Ooi Pei Nar
1839:Secretary-General:
1594:Perikatan Nasional
1583:Perikatan Nasional
1343:Tunku Abdul Rahman
1320:and other groups.
1291:Perikatan Nasional
1272:Perikatan Nasional
1140:Malaysian Malaysia
1121:Dayaks in politics
1028:State legislatures
895:Abdul Rahman Sebli
608:
388:Perikatan Nasional
8216:
8215:
8212:
8211:
8135:
8134:
8076:
8075:
7953:
7952:
7839:
7838:
7807:North Macedonia:
7744:
7743:
7738:
7737:
7675:Alexander De Croo
7599:Stéphane Séjourné
7452:
7451:
6685:
6684:
6664:Netherlands Group
6643:National groups:
6499:North Macedonia:
6049:
6048:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6015:
5688:Semangat 46 (S46)
5572:Labour Front (LF)
5540:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5183:
4803:The Straits Times
4736:"Gerakan Matters"
4642:978-3-658-04437-4
4597:978-0-8248-3313-8
4570:978-981-3035-12-6
4543:978-981-3035-12-6
4516:978-9971-902-45-2
4489:978-983-43245-1-3
4462:978-9971-902-45-2
4418:978-9971-902-45-2
4391:978-981-4345-21-7
4364:978-3-658-04437-4
4337:978-0-8108-7641-5
4310:978-981-210-017-7
4283:978-981-4345-21-7
4235:978-0-8108-7641-5
4205:on 11 March 2007.
4093:
4092:
2991:
2990:
2362:
2361:
2351:17 November 2018
2332:17 November 2018
2108:Gary Lee Ban Fatt
1953:Chandra Balabedha
1856:Wendy Subramaniam
1822:Gary Lee Ban Fatt
1741:
1740:
1437:in 1984). In the
1397:, Veerappen, and
1274:(PN) since 2021.
1224:
1223:
1115:Race and politics
1093:Malay nationalism
1042:Local governments
1013:State governments
958:Political parties
932:General elections
593:
571:
570:
558:Political parties
273:
146:Gary Lee Ban Fatt
97:Secretary-General
8305:
8245:
8244:
8233:
8232:
8231:
8224:
8141:
8140:
8082:
8081:
7959:
7958:
7845:
7844:
7750:
7749:
7728:
7727:
7689:European Council
7554:Martin Bangemann
7545:
7515:Group Presidents
7457:Party Presidents
7432:
7431:
7400:
7399:
7383:
7382:
7371:
7370:
7354:
7353:
7342:
7341:
7330:
7329:
7318:
7317:
7303:
7302:
7286:
7285:
7274:
7273:
7237:
7236:
7225:
7224:
7213:
7212:
7201:
7200:
7184:
7183:
7167:
7166:
7139:
7138:
7127:
7126:
7115:
7114:
7103:
7102:
7091:
7090:
7079:
7078:
7062:
7061:
7050:
7049:
7033:
7032:
7016:
7015:
6984:
6983:
6972:
6971:
6955:
6954:
6943:
6942:
6926:
6925:
6909:
6908:
6892:
6891:
6875:
6874:
6858:
6857:
6821:
6820:
6809:
6808:
6792:
6791:
6780:
6779:
6764:Member parties (
6761:
6760:
6750:
6738:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6706:
6705:
6691:
6690:
6625:United Kingdom:
6596:FDP.The Liberals
6089:
6088:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6053:
6052:
5831:Marxist-Leninist
5557:
5556:
5546:
5545:
5205:
5204:
5194:
5193:
4976:
4975:
4968:State Assemblies
4954:
4953:
4944:
4943:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4901:Official website
4851:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4779:. 9 October 2016
4769:
4763:
4762:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4664:. Archived from
4653:
4647:
4646:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4267:
4258:
4257:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4201:. Archived from
4190:
4184:
4183:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4128:
4119:
4106:
4088:
4075:
4068:
4057:
4050:
4038:
4021:
4014:
3998:
3989:
3963:
3952:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3778:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3708:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3638:
3629:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3573:
3564:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3508:
3499:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3388:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3318:
3303:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3268:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3213:
3204:
3197:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
2999:
2998:
2982:
2970:
2969:
2953:
2935:
2932:Barisan Nasional
2923:
2922:
2906:
2888:
2885:Barisan Nasional
2876:
2875:
2859:
2841:
2838:Barisan Nasional
2829:
2828:
2812:
2794:
2791:Barisan Nasional
2782:
2781:
2765:
2747:
2744:Barisan Nasional
2735:
2734:
2720:
2702:
2699:Barisan Nasional
2690:
2689:
2676:
2658:
2655:Barisan Nasional
2646:
2645:
2632:
2614:
2611:Barisan Nasional
2602:
2601:
2588:
2570:
2567:Barisan Nasional
2558:
2557:
2544:
2526:
2523:Barisan Nasional
2514:
2513:
2500:
2482:
2479:Barisan Nasional
2470:
2469:
2456:
2438:
2420:
2419:
2403:
2390:Election leader
2378:Seats contested
2375:Total seats won
2369:
2368:
2329:26 October 2013
2157:
2156:
2136:Selangor :
2094:Kelantan :
2028:Cheang Chee Gooi
1737:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1575:Barisan Nasional
1407:Barisan Nasional
1268:Barisan Nasional
1233:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1176:
1175:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1005:
959:
919:
911:
828:
769:
720:
693:
670:
662:
639:Ibrahim Iskandar
626:
618:
596:
591:
583:
573:
572:
544:
541:
539:
537:
524:
510:
495:
480:
465:
429:
405:
392:
385:
381:Barisan Nasional
337:
271:
261:Preceded by
232:
217:
108:Deputy President
98:
37:
21:
20:
8313:
8312:
8308:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8303:
8302:
8253:
8252:
8251:
8239:
8229:
8227:
8219:
8217:
8208:
8148:
8131:
8089:
8072:
7992:Côte d'Ivoire:
7966:
7949:
7852:
7835:
7757:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7716:
7694:
7667:
7661:
7639:Didier Reynders
7617:
7616:
7589:Guy Verhofstadt
7539:
7514:
7508:
7504:Hans van Baalen
7479:Willy De Clercq
7469:Willy De Clercq
7448:
7426:
7394:
7377:
7365:
7361:Yabloko/Я́блоко
7348:
7336:
7324:
7312:
7297:
7280:
7268:
7231:
7219:
7207:
7195:
7178:
7161:
7150:
7133:
7121:
7109:
7097:
7085:
7073:
7056:
7044:
7027:
7010:
6978:
6966:
6949:
6937:
6920:
6903:
6886:
6869:
6852:
6815:
6803:
6786:
6774:
6752:
6748:
6740:
6736:
6733:
6698:
6681:
6648:Brazilian Group
6391:Future Movement
6204:Côte d'Ivoire:
6096:
6083:
6080:
6050:
6045:
6036:Politics portal
6027:
6012:
5802:
5621:
5551:
5532:
5324:
5296:
5273:
5255:
5199:
5180:
5144:
5116:
5073:
5040:
5007:
4970:
4948:
4938:
4936:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4859:
4854:
4844:
4842:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4814:
4810:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4782:
4780:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4751:
4747:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4701:
4699:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4671:
4669:
4654:
4650:
4643:
4627:
4623:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4598:
4582:
4578:
4571:
4555:
4551:
4544:
4528:
4524:
4517:
4501:
4497:
4490:
4474:
4470:
4463:
4447:
4443:
4430:
4426:
4419:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4376:
4372:
4365:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4268:
4261:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4236:
4217:
4210:
4191:
4187:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4151:
4147:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4122:
4116:Wayback Machine
4107:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4086:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4039:
4036:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
3999:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3964:
3961:
3953:
3950:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3854:
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3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3779:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3709:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3639:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3597:
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3562:
3556:
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3532:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3509:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3454:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3389:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3319:
3316:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3269:
3266:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3214:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3036:Negeri Sembilan
3002:State election
2996:
2976:
2975:
2954:
2951:
2929:
2928:
2907:
2904:
2882:
2881:
2860:
2857:
2835:
2834:
2813:
2810:
2788:
2787:
2766:
2763:
2741:
2740:
2721:
2718:
2696:
2695:
2677:
2674:
2652:
2651:
2633:
2630:
2608:
2607:
2589:
2586:
2564:
2563:
2545:
2542:
2520:
2519:
2501:
2498:
2476:
2475:
2457:
2454:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2404:
2401:
2384:Share of votes
2367:
2308:26 October 2013
2282:4 October 2008
2169:Term of office
2155:
2150:
2126:Chek Kwong Weng
2100:Malacca :
2072:State Chairman:
2065:Chang Soon Tiew
2055:Lim Thuang Seng
2033:Chua Chong Yong
1943:Ch'ng Boon Chye
1928:Woo Cheong Yuen
1911:Deputy Speaker:
1817:Chek Kwong Weng
1787:Vice President:
1746:
1730:
1688:
1686:
1658:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1637:
1621:
1615:
1610:
1592:as part of the
1567:
1559:Teng Chang Yeow
1521:
1401:, left to form
1383:
1331:
1326:
1220:
1191:
1187:Other countries
1182:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1145:Social contract
1127:Ketuanan Melayu
1112:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1037:
1007:
1003:
995:
994:
990:
961:
957:
949:
948:
940:
913:
909:
901:
900:
899:
871:
856:Court of Appeal
851:
830:
826:
818:
817:
810:Chief Secretary
792:
771:
767:
759:
758:
757:
753:Hamzah Zainudin
714:
687:
683:15th Parliament
664:
660:
652:
651:
643:
620:
616:
594:
590:
577:
567:
534:
501:Election symbol
496:
493:
481:
478:
466:
463:
430:Red & Green
427:
406:
403:
390:
386:
383:
357:
353:
335:
294:
267:
251:
245:
237:Split from
227:
226:
215:
214:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
144:
142:Chek Kwong Weng
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
96:
70:
58:
56:
46:
28:
27:
19:
12:
11:
5:
8311:
8301:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8250:
8249:
8237:
8214:
8213:
8210:
8209:
8207:
8206:
8200:
8194:
8184:
8174:
8160:
8153:
8150:
8149:
8137:
8136:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8129:
8123:
8117:
8111:
8105:
8094:
8091:
8090:
8078:
8077:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8070:
8064:
8058:
8048:
8044:South Africa:
8042:
8036:
8030:
8024:
8014:
8008:
8002:
7996:
7990:
7984:
7980:Burkina Faso:
7978:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7955:
7954:
7951:
7950:
7945:
7944:
7938:
7932:
7926:
7920:
7914:
7907:
7901:
7895:
7889:
7882:
7871:
7864:
7857:
7854:
7853:
7841:
7840:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7833:
7827:
7821:
7815:
7805:
7799:
7793:
7779:
7769:
7762:
7759:
7758:
7746:
7745:
7742:
7741:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7732:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7714:
7709:
7702:
7700:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7692:
7684:
7678:
7671:
7669:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7659:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7634:Janez Lenarčič
7631:
7625:
7623:
7619:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7518:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7474:Colette Flesch
7471:
7466:
7460:
7458:
7454:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7392:
7387:
7375:
7363:
7358:
7346:
7334:
7322:
7310:
7307:
7295:
7290:
7278:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7229:
7217:
7205:
7193:
7188:
7176:
7171:
7158:
7156:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7148:
7143:
7131:
7119:
7107:
7095:
7083:
7071:
7066:
7054:
7042:
7037:
7025:
7020:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6976:
6964:
6959:
6947:
6935:
6930:
6918:
6913:
6901:
6896:
6884:
6879:
6867:
6862:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6813:
6801:
6796:
6784:
6771:
6769:
6758:
6754:
6753:
6745:
6742:
6741:
6732:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6709:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6641:
6640:
6633:
6623:
6616:
6610:
6604:
6598:
6592:
6582:
6576:
6570:
6566:South Africa:
6564:
6558:
6552:
6545:
6539:
6533:
6527:
6521:
6515:
6509:
6503:
6497:
6490:
6480:
6473:
6459:
6453:
6447:
6440:
6433:
6426:
6419:
6413:
6406:
6400:
6394:
6387:
6381:
6374:
6367:
6356:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6330:
6324:
6318:
6307:
6297:
6291:
6285:
6278:
6268:
6261:
6255:
6249:
6238:
6228:
6214:
6208:
6202:
6196:
6181:
6174:
6168:
6162:
6156:
6149:
6144:Burkina Faso:
6142:
6132:
6125:
6118:
6108:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6085:
6084:
6079:
6078:
6071:
6064:
6056:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5563:
5561:
5553:
5552:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5366:
5361:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5306:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5211:
5209:
5201:
5200:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5083:
5081:
5075:
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4893:External links
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4724:. 26 May 2008.
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2261:4 October 2008
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2090:Wong Chia Zhen
2086:
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2023:Azmar Md Ilias
2020:
2018:Chin Phen Fong
2015:
2013:Tan Heng Choon
2010:
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1995:
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1973:Lee Boon Shian
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1555:Mah Siew Keong
1540:Pakatan Rakyat
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1399:Tan Chee Khoon
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1310:ethnic Chinese
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6674:British Group
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6669:Catalan Group
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6424:
6420:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6407:
6405:
6401:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6379:
6375:
6372:
6368:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6296:
6295:Liberal Party
6292:
6290:
6286:
6283:
6279:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6175:
6173:
6172:Liberal Party
6169:
6167:
6163:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6119:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6095:
6090:
6086:
6077:
6072:
6070:
6065:
6063:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5827:
5825:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5592:Barisan Sabah
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5547:
5543:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:Other parties
5327:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5195:
5191:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:Other parties
5147:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4942:
4933:
4928:
4926:
4921:
4919:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4879:967-978-475-4
4876:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4823:
4819:
4812:
4804:
4800:
4794:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4760:
4756:
4749:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4723:
4722:The Sun Daily
4719:
4713:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4652:
4644:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4599:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4526:
4518:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4499:
4491:
4485:
4481:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4445:
4437:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4401:
4393:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4374:
4366:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4347:
4339:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4266:
4264:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4237:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4220:Ooi, Keat Gin
4215:
4213:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4189:
4181:
4175:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3994:
3992:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3774:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3704:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3634:
3632:
3625:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3567:
3560:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3504:
3502:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3449:
3447:
3440:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3384:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3299:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3209:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3084:2/3 majority
3083:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2798:Lim Keng Yaik
2796:
2792:
2786:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:Lim Keng Yaik
2749:
2745:
2739:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:Lim Keng Yaik
2704:
2700:
2694:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:Lim Keng Yaik
2660:
2656:
2650:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:Lim Keng Yaik
2616:
2612:
2606:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:Lim Keng Yaik
2572:
2568:
2562:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Chang Ko Youn
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2236:8 April 2007
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2228:Lim Keng Yaik
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2130:Sabah :
2129:
2127:
2124:Perak :
2123:
2121:
2120:Oh Tong Keong
2117:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2096:Chung Mon Sie
2093:
2091:
2088:Kedah :
2087:
2085:
2082:Johor :
2081:
2079:
2078:Lau Hoi Keong
2075:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2060:Ching Su Chen
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1993:Teoh Chin Wan
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:Tan Chin Hock
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Chai Ko Thing
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1880:Chung Mon Sie
1878:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1832:Chung Mon Sie
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:Koo Shiaw Lee
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1780:Oh Tong Keong
1778:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:Tan Kee Kwong
1533:
1528:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:Lim Keng Yaik
1502:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1470:Lim Kit Siang
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1450:Anwar Ibrahim
1447:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1434:Lee San Choon
1431:
1426:
1423:
1422:Lim Keng Yaik
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:2008 election
1280:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1103:Islam Hadhari
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1006:
999:
998:
993:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
960:
953:
952:
945:
942:
941:
937:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
921:
920:
918:
912:
905:
904:
896:
893:
890:
888:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
873:
872:
868:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
853:
852:
848:
845:
844:Chief Justice
842:
841:
838:
837:
836:Federal Court
833:
832:
829:
822:
821:
814:
811:
808:
807:
803:
799:
798:
797:Civil service
794:
793:
789:
788:Anwar Ibrahim
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
774:
773:
770:
763:
762:
754:
751:
748:
746:
745:Anwar Ibrahim
743:
740:
738:
735:
732:
731:
728:
727:
723:
722:
721:
719:
711:
708:
705:
704:
701:
700:
696:
695:
694:
692:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
672:
671:
669:
663:
656:
655:
648:
645:
644:
640:
637:
636:
633:
632:
628:
627:
625:
619:
617:Head of State
612:
611:
605:
601:
600:
597:
588:
587:
584:
581:
575:
574:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
547:
543:
532:
527:
523:
518:
513:
509:
504:
499:
491:
488:
484:
476:
473:
469:
461:
458:
454:
451:
448:
444:
440:
437:
433:
426:
422:
419:
416:
412:
409:
402:
399:
395:
389:
382:
379:
375:
372:
369:
367:
363:
360:
356:
352:
349:
347:
343:
339:
332:
328:
326:
322:
318:
316:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
293:GERAKAN Today
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
270:
266:
263:
259:
255:
249:
243:
239:
235:
231:
224:
220:
212:
208:
205:24 March 1968
204:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
170:
167:
164:
160:
157:
156:Chung Mon Sie
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
122:Koo Shiaw Lee
120:
116:
113:
112:Oh Tong Keong
110:
106:
103:
100:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
68:
64:
61:
54:
50:
44:
40:
36:
31:
22:
16:
8107:Costa Rica:
8038:Seychelles:
8026:Mozambique:
8004:Madagascar:
7946:
7934:ROC Taiwan:
7892:
7686:
7653:
7644:Kadri Simson
7629:Věra Jourová
7608:
7569:Yves Galland
7537:Jean Durieux
7489:Werner Hoyer
7464:Gaston Thorn
6749:Renew Europe
6678:
6654:German Group
6642:
6547:Seychelles:
6475:Mozambique:
6455:Montenegro:
6422:
6408:Madagascar:
6402:Luxembourg:
6198:Costa Rica:
5828:
5821:
5139:
4964:Dewan Rakyat
4960:Dewan Negara
4885:
4870:
4863:
4843:. Retrieved
4839:
4830:
4821:
4811:
4802:
4793:
4781:. Retrieved
4776:
4767:
4758:
4748:
4739:
4730:
4721:
4712:
4700:. Retrieved
4696:the original
4691:
4682:
4670:. Retrieved
4666:the original
4661:
4651:
4631:
4624:
4615:
4606:
4586:
4579:
4559:
4552:
4532:
4525:
4505:
4498:
4478:
4471:
4451:
4444:
4434:
4427:
4407:
4400:
4380:
4373:
4353:
4346:
4326:
4319:
4299:
4292:
4272:
4253:
4244:
4224:
4203:the original
4198:
4188:
4174:
4162:. Retrieved
4148:
4136:. Retrieved
4104:
2972:
2925:
2892:Koh Tsu Koon
2878:
2845:Koh Tsu Koon
2831:
2784:
2737:
2692:
2648:
2604:
2560:
2530:Lim Chong Eu
2516:
2486:Lim Chong Eu
2472:
2442:Lim Chong Eu
2428:
2422:
2381:Total votes
2354:
2344:
2322:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2285:16 May 2013
2277:Koh Tsu Koon
2275:
2260:
2256:8 April 2007
2255:
2250:Koh Tsu Koon
2248:
2226:
2206:Lim Chong Eu
2204:
2182:
2144:Tan Lee Ngee
2084:Teo Kok Chee
2071:
2044:
2008:Loke Ah Hong
2003:Yap Kea Ping
1998:Gan Kim Keng
1948:Sin Koon Yen
1933:Tan Lee Ngee
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1874:
1868:Hng Chee Wey
1862:
1850:
1844:Loh Kah Yong
1838:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1731:
1649:
1625:
1587:
1568:
1565:2018–present
1548:
1544:
1529:
1525:Koh Tsu Koon
1522:
1513:Koh Tsu Koon
1498:
1494:Kuala Lumpur
1486:
1478:Koh Tsu Koon
1463:
1443:
1427:
1411:
1384:
1339:Lim Chong Eu
1332:
1303:
1276:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1133:
1125:
1114:
1113:
1108:Asian values
1087:Rukun Negara
1085:
1076:Conservatism
1040:
1011:
922:
886:
874:
854:
834:
795:
775:
737:Johari Abdul
724:
715:
697:
688:
673:
629:
576:
472:Dewan Rakyat
457:Dewan Negara
449:
438:
391:(since 2021)
325:Women's wing
297:e-periodical
296:
283:Kuala Lumpur
278:Headquarters
269:Labour Party
225:28 May 1968
213:22 May 1968
188:Lim Chong Eu
184:J.B.A. Peter
102:Loh Kah Yong
81:PGRM/GERAKAN
78:Abbreviation
71:
59:
52:Chinese name
15:
8113:Guatemala:
8097:Argentina:
7928:Sri Lanka:
7922:Singapore:
7873:Indonesia:
7866:Hong Kong:
7681:Kaja Kallas
7559:Simone Veil
7540: [
7527:René Pleven
7522:Yvon Delbos
7422:Holos/Голос
6957:Liberálisok
6679:* observer
6578:Sri Lanka:
6492:Nicaragua:
6396:Lithuania:
6338:Indonesia:
6299:Guatemala:
6293:Gibraltar:
5176:Independent
4692:Rakyat Post
4164:12 February
2303:16 May 2013
1938:Tan Po Kiat
1887:Youth Chief
1444:Before the
1367:V. Veerapan
1363:Wang Gungwu
661:Legislature
592:Politics of
384:(1973–2018)
355:Nationalism
334:Membership
196:Wang Gungwu
162:Youth Chief
152:Women Chief
8257:Categories
8050:Tanzania:
7986:DR Congo:
7940:Thailand:
7909:Pakistan:
7897:Mongolia:
7891:Malaysia:
7860:Cambodia:
7829:Slovenia:
7771:Bulgaria:
7081:Nowoczesna
6612:Thailand:
6606:Tanzania:
6560:Slovenia:
6554:Slovakia:
6511:Paraguay:
6449:Mongolia:
6421:Malaysia:
6320:Honduras:
6263:Ethiopia:
6183:DR Congo:
6176:Colombia:
6164:Cambodia:
6134:Bulgaria:
6127:Botswana:
4097:References
2471:3 seats;
2423:Opposition
1744:Leadership
1230:(English:
1134:Bumiputera
1004:Federalism
515:Party flag
404:(observer)
351:Liberalism
315:Youth wing
305:Think tank
285:, Malaysia
210:Registered
66:Tamil name
42:Malay name
8202:Tunisia:
8186:Morocco:
8176:Lebanon:
8156:Comoros:
8060:Tunisia:
8032:Senegal:
8016:Morocco:
7903:Myanmar:
7817:Romania:
7795:Hungary:
7781:Croatia:
7683:(Estonia)
7677:(Belgium)
7264:Droa/დროა
7254:Lelo/ლელო
6865:DiPa/ΔηΠα
6860:EDI/Ε.ΔΗ.
6618:Ukraine:
6535:Senegal:
6523:Romania:
6461:Morocco:
6442:Moldova:
6389:Lebanon:
6354:Yesh Atid
6345:Ireland:
6332:Iceland:
6326:Hungary:
6287:Germany:
6280:Georgia:
6270:Finland:
6257:Estonia:
6230:Denmark:
6210:Croatia:
6158:Burundi:
6110:Belgium:
6104:Andorra:
2830:8 seats;
2783:3 seats;
2691:2 seats;
2559:1 seat;
2421:1 seat;
2372:Election
2355:Incumbent
2163:Portrait
2045:Observer:
1519:2008–2017
1409:in 1973.
1381:1969–2007
1329:Formation
1098:Reformasi
1071:Communism
1066:Anarchism
910:Elections
864:President
827:Judiciary
768:Executive
707:President
563:Elections
450:Satu Hati
290:Newspaper
272:(partial)
222:Legalised
86:President
8247:Politics
8235:Malaysia
8119:Mexico:
8066:Zambia:
8010:Malawi:
7974:Angola:
7823:Serbia:
7801:Kosovo:
7730:Category
7439:Lib Dems
7434:Alliance
7276:Viðreisn
6962:Momentum
6794:Open Vld
6635:Zambia:
6631:Lib Dems
6600:Taiwan:
6584:Sweden:
6541:Serbia:
6529:Russia:
6505:Norway:
6435:Mexico:
6415:Malawi:
6383:Latvia:
6376:Kosovo:
6352:Israel:
6309:Guinea:
6272:Keskusta
6170:Canada:
4822:The Star
4759:The Star
4702:17 March
4672:17 March
4662:The Star
4222:(2010).
4199:The Star
4112:Archived
3031:Selangor
2960:305,125
2924:1 seat;
2913:128,973
2877:1 seat;
2866:191,019
2819:184,548
2772:257,763
2764:10 / 219
2515:1 seat;
2410:178,971
2172:Remarks
1899:Speaker:
1751:Advisor:
1722:GERAKAN
1613:Senators
1418:Selangor
1395:V. David
1248:Malaysia
1081:Feminism
802:agencies
595:Malaysia
580:a series
538:.gerakan
346:Ideology
57:马来西亚民政运动
55:馬來西亞民政運動
8221:Portals
8196:Sudan:
8162:Egypt:
8099:Recrear
7982:ADF-RDA
7884:Japan:
7708:(LYMEC)
7579:Pat Cox
7402:EPU/ЄПУ
7390:glp/pvl
7385:FDP/PLR
7332:LDP/ЛДП
7215:PFP/ПСП
7203:Müsavat
7186:ANC/ՀԱԿ
6916:RKP/SFP
6911:Kesk./C
6833:IDS/DDI
6811:DPS/ДПС
6757:Parties
6608:CCW/CUF
6572:Spain:
6531:Yabloko
6507:Venstre
6423:Gerakan
6369:Kenya:
6358:Italy:
6240:Egypt:
6236:Venstre
6151:Burma:
6146:ADF-RDA
4966:and/or
4845:2 April
4783:2 April
4740:Gerakan
4138:23 June
3707:30 / 31
3656:13 / 40
3637:21 / 25
3591:10 / 33
3572:22 / 26
3526:10 / 33
3507:10 / 18
3452:13 / 22
3387:15 / 18
3317:12 / 17
3267:15 / 18
3231:11 / 27
3212:26 / 38
3166:16 / 24
3041:Malacca
2952:0 / 222
2905:0 / 222
2858:1 / 222
2811:2 / 222
2719:7 / 193
2675:7 / 192
2631:5 / 180
2587:5 / 177
2543:5 / 154
2499:4 / 154
2455:5 / 144
2402:8 / 144
2312:Acting
2265:Acting
1678:Member
1569:In the
1549:In the
1530:In the
1499:In the
1464:In the
1371:pro tem
1324:History
1244:liberal
1242:) is a
1236:GERAKAN
1032:members
777:Cabinet
734:Speaker
529:Website
494:1 / 611
479:0 / 222
424:Colours
340:285,100
202:Founded
172:Founder
8125:Peru:
7988:ANADER
7783:HNS-LD
6843:Centar
6428:Mali:
6385:LPP/LC
6216:Cuba:
6185:ANADER
6153:NLD-LA
4877:
4639:
4594:
4567:
4540:
4513:
4486:
4459:
4415:
4388:
4361:
4334:
4307:
4280:
4232:
4087:1 / 36
4074:0 / 36
4067:0 / 56
4056:0 / 40
4049:1 / 36
4037:0 / 14
4020:0 / 42
4013:0 / 59
3988:0 / 56
3951:0 / 28
3927:0 / 31
3920:0 / 60
3913:0 / 56
3906:0 / 28
3899:0 / 36
3892:0 / 56
3885:0 / 42
3878:0 / 59
3871:0 / 40
3864:0 / 36
3852:3 / 31
3845:2 / 60
3838:1 / 56
3831:0 / 28
3824:0 / 36
3817:0 / 56
3810:0 / 42
3803:0 / 59
3796:0 / 40
3789:0 / 36
3777:4 / 31
3768:2 / 56
3761:0 / 28
3754:0 / 36
3747:0 / 56
3740:1 / 42
3733:0 / 59
3726:0 / 40
3719:1 / 36
3698:3 / 56
3691:1 / 28
3684:2 / 36
3677:4 / 56
3670:1 / 42
3663:4 / 59
3649:2 / 36
3628:2 / 40
3619:1 / 32
3612:2 / 48
3605:1 / 38
3598:3 / 52
3584:2 / 36
3563:2 / 40
3554:1 / 32
3547:1 / 48
3540:1 / 38
3533:5 / 52
3519:2 / 36
3498:1 / 36
3487:0 / 42
3480:1 / 33
3473:1 / 46
3466:7 / 33
3443:1 / 36
3434:0 / 28
3427:0 / 42
3420:1 / 33
3413:1 / 46
3406:9 / 33
3399:1 / 28
3378:1 / 32
3371:0 / 20
3364:0 / 24
3357:1 / 33
3350:1 / 32
3343:3 / 42
3336:8 / 27
3329:1 / 26
3302:1 / 33
3293:2 / 42
3286:8 / 27
3279:1 / 26
3252:1 / 33
3245:1 / 32
3238:1 / 42
3224:1 / 26
3203:0 / 32
3196:1 / 20
3187:4 / 28
3180:1 / 24
3173:2 / 40
3159:2 / 24
3026:Pahang
3016:Penang
2963:1.97%
2916:1.07%
2869:1.73%
2822:2.27%
2427:later
2160:Order
1692:
1681:Party
1663:State
1656:1 / 36
1365:, and
1357:, Dr.
1318:Malays
1314:Indian
1260:Penang
887:Vacant
582:on the
464:1 / 70
446:Anthem
435:Slogan
428:
371:Centre
336:(2022)
329:WANITA
319:PEMUDA
250:(UDP)
244:(MCA)
8000:UDENA
7875:PDI-P
7797:SzDSz
7544:]
7417:SN/СН
7412:SL/Сл
7407:CP/ГП
7249:SA/სა
7244:FD/თდ
7239:RP/რპ
7191:BA/ԼՀ
7169:ACC!Ó
6848:Fokus
6253:UDENA
4857:Notes
4044:2023
4004:2022
3997:0 / 8
3969:2022
3962:0 / 5
3934:2021
3859:2018
3784:2013
3714:2008
3644:2004
3579:1999
3514:1995
3459:1990
3394:1986
3324:1982
3274:1978
3219:1974
3154:1969
3145:2 / 3
3138:2 / 3
3131:2 / 3
3124:2 / 3
3117:2 / 3
3110:2 / 3
3103:2 / 3
3096:2 / 3
3089:2 / 3
3051:Sabah
3046:Johor
3021:Perak
3011:Kedah
2775:3.7%
2413:7.5%
2233:1980
2214:1980
2211:1969
2192:1969
2189:1968
2166:Name
1733:Kedah
1727:Total
1711:Kulim
1695:Kedah
1414:Perak
256:(LPM)
8068:UNDP
7905:NCUB
7893:PGRM
7787:HSLS
7777:NSDV
7687:see
7654:see
7609:see
7444:Libs
7320:LPCG
7040:LRLS
7023:Par!
6838:Glas
6828:HSLS
6782:NEOS
6637:UNDP
6627:APNI
6513:PLRA
6477:PPDD
6457:LSCG
6311:UFDG
6246:Ghad
6212:HSLS
6140:NDSV
4875:ISBN
4847:2018
4785:2018
4704:2015
4674:2015
4637:ISBN
4592:ISBN
4565:ISBN
4538:ISBN
4511:ISBN
4484:ISBN
4457:ISBN
4413:ISBN
4386:ISBN
4359:ISBN
4332:ISBN
4305:ISBN
4278:ISBN
4230:ISBN
4166:2021
4140:2018
2946:2022
2899:2018
2852:2013
2805:2008
2758:2004
2713:1999
2669:1995
2625:1990
2581:1986
2537:1982
2493:1978
2449:1974
2396:1969
1699:P018
1672:No.
1666:No.
1416:and
1337:Dr.
1299:2014
1240:PGRM
1226:The
1047:list
936:2022
540:.org
8198:LDP
8178:NLP
8172:GTP
8168:FEP
8164:DFP
8158:NAC
8109:PML
8103:PPG
8062:PSL
8056:UDP
8052:CUF
8040:SNP
8034:PDS
8028:PDD
8012:UDF
8006:MFM
7994:RDR
7976:PLD
7936:DPP
7924:SDP
7911:LFP
7899:IZN
7886:DPJ
7879:PKB
7862:PSR
7831:LDS
7819:PNL
7813:LDP
7809:LPM
7803:PLK
7791:IDS
7773:DPS
7767:LDS
7373:PSG
7309:CUB
7293:PDK
7288:AKR
7174:PLA
7129:C's
7105:USR
7069:VVD
7064:D66
7001:LDE
6945:FDP
6933:UDI
6823:HNS
6602:DPP
6574:CDC
6562:LDS
6556:ANO
6549:SNP
6543:LDP
6537:PDS
6525:PNL
6501:LDP
6494:PLI
6488:VVD
6484:D66
6465:*,
6463:AdL
6451:IZN
6444:PRL
6430:PCR
6417:UDF
6410:MFM
6398:LCU
6378:PLK
6371:LDP
6364:FdL
6360:Rad
6334:FSF
6328:MLP
6322:PLH
6315:UFR
6313:*,
6303:*,
6289:FDP
6282:RPG
6276:SFP
6265:EDP
6242:FEP
6226:ULC
6222:PSD
6218:PLC
6206:RDR
6200:PML
6193:URC
6191:*,
6189:ARC
6166:PSR
6160:ADR
6136:DPS
6129:BMD
6122:LDS
6116:VLD
2957:23
2910:11
2863:11
2816:11
2769:12
2407:17
1736:(1)
1707:N35
1472:of
1258:in
986:GRS
981:GPS
542:.my
536:www
8259::
8204:PR
8192:UC
8190:,
8188:MP
8182:FM
8180:,
8170:,
8166:,
8127:JN
8121:NA
8115:MR
8101:,
8054:,
8046:DA
8022:UC
8020:,
8018:MP
7942:DP
7930:LP
7918:LP
7888:**
7881:**
7877:,
7868:DP
7825:LS
7811:,
7789:,
7785:,
7775:,
7542:fr
7305:PL
7227:NS
7117:PS
7093:IL
7052:DP
7035:LP
7018:LA
7006:TK
6996:RI
6991:+E
6974:FF
6928:PR
6899:RE
6799:MR
6766:EU
6629:,
6620:UM
6614:DP
6588:,
6580:LP
6568:DA
6519:LP
6486:,
6471:MP
6469:,
6467:UC
6437:NA
6404:DP
6362:,
6347:FF
6340:PD
6305:PP
6301:MR
6274:,
6259:RE
6244:,
6234:,
6232:RV
6224:,
6220:,
6187:,
6138:,
6114:,
6112:MR
6106:LA
4962:,
4838:.
4820:.
4801:.
4775:.
4757:.
4738:.
4720:.
4690:.
4660:.
4614:.
4262:^
4252:.
4211:^
4197:.
4157:.
4123:^
2971:;
2736:;
2724:9
2647:;
2603:;
2425:,
2339:6
2317:5
2292:–
2270:4
2243:–
2221:3
2199:2
2177:1
1604:.
1496:.
976:PN
971:PH
966:BN
934::
252:•
246:•
240:•
8223::
7913:*
7344:V
7146:L
7141:C
6986:A
6894:K
6882:V
6877:B
6768:)
6728:e
6721:t
6714:v
6650:*
6639:*
6622:*
6590:L
6586:C
6551:*
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