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550:(ECVAA), the International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management (IVAPM), and that has applied for RACE (Registry of Approved Continuing Education) approval in the United States ("Assistants" in the VASTA title refers to assistant or junior veterinarians and not to unqualified veterinary assistants). Its instructors include diplomates of the ECVAA, nurse anesthetists from the human medical field, neurologists, and veterinary physical therapists. It is currently offered in Germany, Austria, and the German-speaking regions of Switzerland. It has previously been offered in the French-speaking region of Switzerland but is currently on hiatus there due to low participation. Courses are planned for the US and the UK in 2012. Successful completion of the course results in the awarding of the post-nominal letters VAT (Veterinary Anaesthesia Technician).
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process and, legally, veterinarians must hire registered veterinary technicians. In
America credentialed veterinary technicians must attend a Veterinary Technician program approved by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), most of which are two year programs which confer an Associate of Science (or an Associate of Applied Science) Degree in Veterinary Technology. Graduates must pass the VTNE (Veterinary Technician National Exam) to become credentialed in their state. These credentials (whether Licensed , Registered , or Certified ) must be renewed every two years with requirements varying from state-to-state.
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cardiology, oncology, neurology, zoological medicine, equine veterinary nursing, surgery, behavior, nutrition, clinical practice (canine/feline, exotic companion animal, and production animal sub-specialties) and clinical pathology. Veterinary
Technician Specialists carry the additional post-nominal letters "VTS" with their particular specialties indicated in parentheses. As veterinary technology evolves more specialty academy recognitions are anticipated. Since the COVID pandemic, more institutions have been offering these veterinary tech certifications via online classes.
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between the veterinarian and the assistant, as well as smoother job training of veterinary assistants. Their scope of practice remains limited and equal to many on the job trained staff. Local laws restrict what activities a veterinary assistant may perform, as some procedures may only be legally completed by a licensed veterinary technician, including IV anesthesia induction, oral surgery, splinting and casting, and in some states, administering the rabies vaccine.
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United States. In 2007 the
Accreditation Committee for Veterinary Nurse Education (ACOVENE) was established in an attempt to standardize veterinary technology education throughout the European Union and to allow movement of veterinary nurses educated in one member nation to employment in another. On the specialty front, the Swiss-based organization VASTA (
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veterinary assistants, who do not have a single level of qualification which they must attain, and whose title is not protected. Furthermore, job roles may be divided further into roles such as
Veterinary Surgical Technician, Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Technician, Veterinary Technician Anesthesia Specialist, etc.
347:
work completed, which may need to be signed by a supervising professional (such as the vet or senior member of the veterinary staff) to indicate competence. In some cases, such as in the United States, video records may be required of some procedures, which may then be examined by the awarding or registration body.
165:
Surgeons for official recognition, and in 1938 the Royal
Veterinary College had a head nurse appointed, but the official recognition was not given until 1957, first as veterinary nurses, but changed within a year to Royal Animal Nursing Auxiliaries (RANAs) following objection from the human nursing profession.
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register to represent themselves as a paraveterinary worker, or to perform some of the procedures that a licensed professional could. The precise details of these restrictions vary widely between legal areas, and neighbouring areas may have different policies, as is the case in the various states of the US.
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There is an effort to change the title of credentialed
Veterinary Technicians in the United States but legislative efforts have failed in all four states where the name change has been introduced to date. The VNI has spent over $ 200,000 with no clear accounting of where the money has been spent and
375:
The need for veterinary assistants will continue to rise as pet ownership in the United States is growing. Responsible pet ownership and animal safety becoming more significant's contributing to the increasing demand. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the number of veterinary assistant jobs
346:
In almost all cases, regardless of the level of formalized training, a high level of practical experience is usually required prior to a student being fully qualified, which may be completed as part of their course, or during a post-qualification period. This may require maintenance of a log of all
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The scope of practice for paraveterinary workers varies by jurisdiction, and by qualification level. In some places, more than one grade of paraveterinary worker exists. For instance, in the United
Kingdom there are both veterinary nurses, who are qualified professionals with a protected title, and
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Client education plays a key role of the veterinary technician's responsibilities, such as effectively communicating complex medical instructions in a positive and understandable way, and to facilitate the patient's care as an intermediary between the doctor, hospital and the patient. In this way,
231:
In the United States, veterinary technicians can become registered both nationally and by their state of residence by taking board exams. Not all states require a state test. States that license veterinary technicians include Alaska, Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Michigan, Nebraska, Nevada, New York,
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In North
America, paraveterinary workers who have completed a course of study, passed an examination, and have a defined scope of practice are called veterinary technicians. Veterinary technicians hold a technician degree in Veterinary Technology. Most Canadian provinces have a formal registration
537:
Attempts at professional solidarity resulted in the creation of the
International Veterinary Nurses and Technicians Association (IVNTA) in 1993. Its members currently include Australia, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Malta, Nepal, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the
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This licensing body may have its own requirements for maintaining a registration, and those who hold the requisite academic qualification may still have to complete a further range of exams or tests to become registered. For instance, in the United States, most areas use the
Veterinary Technician
350:
Many countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, and parts of the United States, restrict some elements of practice, and may restrict use of the recognised name, to those people currently registered with an appropriate licensing body, meaning that it would be illegal for any person not on the
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Higher level paraveterinary workers, such as veterinary nurses or veterinary technicians, who have a scope of autonomous practice which they are expected to perform without instruction, are likely to have both formal qualifications and in many jurisdictions will also require a formal registration
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The level of education of a paraveterinary worker will depend on the role they are performing, and the veterinary medico-legal framework for the area in which they are working. Many areas employ veterinary assistants, who have a simple role to directly assist other professionals, and may hold no
176:(SUNY) Agricultural and Technical College. In 1965 Walter Collins, DVM received federal funding to develop model curricula for training technicians. He produced several guides over the next seven years, and for this work he is considered the "father of veterinary technology" in the United States.
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In 1913, the Ruislip Dog Sanatorium was founded, and employed nurses to care for unwell dogs and in the 1920s, at least one veterinary surgery in Mayfair employed qualified human nurses to tend the animals. In the mid-1930s, the early veterinary nurses approached the Royal College of Veterinary
160:
Veterinarians have had assistance from staff throughout their existence of the profession, but the first organised paraveterinary workers were the canine nurses trained by the Canine Nurses Institute in 1908, and announced in the magazine 'The Veterinary Student'. According to the founder, they
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Beyond credentialing as a veterinary technician specialty certification is also available to technicians with advanced skills. To date there are specialty recognitions in: emergency & critical care, anesthesiology, dentistry, small animal internal medicine, large animal internal medicine,
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In the US, veterinary assistants have the option to earn a certificate of completion by taking basic animal health classes about contagious diseases, animal restraint, record keeping, work place safety, administration, etc. Having the knowledge of the basics allows for the development of trust
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Vet Technicians, in contrast, hold a 3-year degree completed through a University program. The curriculum is not influenced by the industry or government as such and there is no quality assurance of practical skills; however, this degree has more in-depth knowledge required and exposure to much
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Veterinary technicians commonly assist other professionals in surgery by providing correct equipment and instruments and by assuring that monitoring and support equipment are in good working condition. They may also maintain treatment records and inventory of all pharmaceuticals, equipment and
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Human nursing associations have often claimed rights over the term "nurse". In some countries this is protected by law, and in the United States, 39 states have title protection over "Nurse", with Nursing Practice Acts mandating that only those who are Registered Nurses (RNs) may use the title
243:
Paraveterinary workers are likely to assist other professionals, or perform by themselves, medical skills such as observations (e.g. taking and recording pulse, temperature, respiration etc.), wound and trauma management (e.g. cleaning and dressing wounds, applying splints etc.), physical
363:. For instance, in some states of the US, people with a set number of years or hours of experience assisting other professionals could sit for the Veterinary Technician National Exam, however this route was phased out in 2011, and future candidates must have an academic qualification.
84:"Nurse" title protection was in place in the United Kingdom until 1984, where veterinary nurses were referred to as 'registered animal nursing auxiliaries', in line with the naming convention at the time for less qualified assistants in human nursing, called 'nursing auxiliaries'.
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no success. Many state Veterinary Technician associations and Veterinary Medical Associations oppose the effort to change the title of the profession in the United States, and the AVMA has refused to support the name change (but does support the other stated goals of the VNI).
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The scope of practice varies between countries, with some allowing suitably qualified paraveterinary workers a scope of autonomous practice, including minor surgery, whilst others restricting their workers as assistants to other professionals.
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Veterinary Nurses in only ONE STATE (Queensland). However, a VN title can be acquired with little education and only a certificate. Voluntary credentialing opened in some other states in 2018, but this is also a profession in its
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In some cases, those people who qualified before the introduction of formal academic qualification requirements may still be working as paraveterinary workers, and may still be entered on a required register through the use of
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would "carry out directions of the veterinary surgeon, meet a genuine need on the part of the dog owners, and at the same time provide a reasonably paid occupation for young women with a real liking for animals".
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At the higher levels, veterinary nurses or technicians may be able to practice skills autonomously, including examinations and minor surgery on animals, without the direct supervision of other professionals.
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North Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Washington. Once they are registered, they are allowed to perform certain tasks with or without the supervision of another professional. To see a list by state,
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In most countries, a veterinary assistant is a person with fewer or no formal animal health qualifications, who has no autonomous practice, but who is designated to assist other professionals.
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to view some of these tasks. In order to keep their skills and knowledge up to par, some states require registered technicians to engage in continued education before renewing their license.
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National Exam, and this will be used by the state licensing authority (such as a state veterinary medical association) to qualify an applicant to become a registered veterinary technician.
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There are currently only seven countries in the world (out of ~195) who have a recognized paraveterinary profession and use the term "Veterinary Nurse" to describe those workers:
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335:(which in America may confer the title 'technologist', rather than 'technician'), or the United Kingdom, where veterinary nurses enter the profession through either a two-year
19:
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who performs procedures autonomously or semi-autonomously, as part of a veterinary assistance system. The job role varies throughout the world, and common titles include
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5. Veterinary technicians shall collaborate with other members of the veterinary medical profession in efforts to ensure quality health care services for all animals.
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11. Veterinary technicians shall represent their credentials or identify themselves with specialty organizations only if the designation has been awarded or earned.
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Each title conferred has completely separate curricula, with the AHT being more like a Nurse Practitioner (in the US); aka a mid-level medical professional.
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10. Veterinary technicians shall uphold the laws/regulations that apply to the technician's responsibilities as a member of the animal health care team.
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4. Veterinary technicians shall promote public health by assisting with the control of zoonotic diseases and educating the public about these diseases.
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291:. In veterinary hospitals, veterinary technicians can perform complete blood counts, differential counts, and morphologic examinations of blood.
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8. Veterinary technicians shall safeguard the public and the profession against individuals deficient in professional competence or ethics.
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6. Veterinary technicians shall protect confidential information provided by clients, unless required by law or to protect public health.
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9. Veterinary technicians shall assist with efforts to ensure conditions of employment consistent with the excellent care for animals.
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Dependent on their scope of practice and training, they may also be called upon to operate diagnostic screening equipment, including
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Veterinär Anästhesie Schule für TechnikerInnen und ArzthelferInnen -- Veterinary Anaesthesia School for Technicians and Assistants
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In countries where the role of veterinary workers is most advanced, the qualification required is likely to be based in
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Training programs are often workplace-based, and no formal licence or certification is required to perform the role.
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1076:"Policy Update Memo April 25, 2008: Veterinary Technician National Exam (VTNE) 2010 Eligibility Requirements"
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2. Veterinary technicians shall prevent and relieve the suffering of animals with competence and compassion.
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1.Veterinary technicians shall aid society and animals by providing excellent care and services for animals.
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supplies, and help with other administrative tasks within a veterinary practice, such as client education.
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In 1984, the term veterinary nurse was formally restored to paraveterinary workers in the United Kingdom.
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7. Veterinary technicians shall assume accountability for individual professional actions and judgments.
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who introduced veterinary technicians, and this was followed in 1961 by a civilian programme at the
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3. Veterinary technicians shall remain competent through commitment to life-long learning.
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open lines of communication are established that can benefit the patient and hospital.
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1005:. Canadian Association of Animal Health Technologists and Technicians. Archived from
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252:) and preparing and analysing biological samples (e.g. performing skin scrapings,
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Veterinary Technicians have the higher degree (3 years of school as opposed to 2)
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791:"VN Jubilee Seminar: 50 years of veterinary nursing - How did it all begin?"
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is expected to grow up to 19% by 2026, much faster than the average career.
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949:"Credentialing - National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America"
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New Zealand - both Registered Veterinary Nurses and Veterinary Technicians
1125:"Online Veterinary Assistant Courses Program - Accredited Online Vet Tech"
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738:"Veterinary Nurse Initiative: Finance Update, 2017-2018 (Screenshot)"
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Veterinary Nurses in SA are more like veterinary assistants in the US
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Ireland - Registered Veterinary Nurses (a profession in its infancy)
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formal qualification or training, or have been trained on the job.
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In 1951, the first formal paraveterinary role was created by the
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South Africa - Veterinary Nurse and Animal Health Technician
542:) is a six module year-long program that is approved by the
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International Veterinary Nurses and Technicians Association
838:
Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, Sixth Edition
810:. The Wylie Veterinary Centre. October 2008. Archived from
331:, and can choose to study for an extended period to gain a
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European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
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European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
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Stockham, Steven L.; Scott, Michael A. (2013-05-31).
674:. The British Veterinary Nursing Association Limited
51:, and variants with the prefix of "animal health".
1081:. American Association of Veterinary State Boards
1056:. American Association of Veterinary State Boards
27:assist in an operation on a military working dog.
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835:McCurnin, Dennis M.; Bassert, Joanna M. (2006).
279:instruments, including complex machines such as
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1285:Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine Association
1254:Veterinary Medical College Application Service
923:"Introduction to Veterinary Technician Salary"
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129:Denmark - title translates to Veterinary Nurse
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869:Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology
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132:Norway - title translates to Veterinary Nurse
1029:"Dierenartsassistent (Veterinary assistant)"
692:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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505:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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768:"AVMA supports technician standardization"
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582:Veterinary medicine in the United Kingdom
525:Learn how and when to remove this message
456:Veterinary medicine in the United Kingdom
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587:Veterinary medicine in the United States
461:Veterinary medicine in the United States
72:United States veterinary technician logo
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1270:American Veterinary Medical Association
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977:American Veterinary Medical Association
793:. Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.
649:"Top States for Veterinary Technicians"
544:Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists
329:Canadian Veterinary Medical Association
325:American Veterinary Medical Association
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973:"AVMA Policy on Veterinary Technology"
894:"Veterinary Technician Code of Ethics"
431:Paraveterinary workers in South Africa
339:programmer or through completion of a
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441:Paraveterinary workers in Switzerland
421:Paraveterinary workers in New Zealand
1275:Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
503:adding citations to reliable sources
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323:at an institution recognised by the
188:Veterinary Technician Code of Ethics
1280:College of Veterinarians of Ontario
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672:"The Good Old Days - Or Were They?"
386:Paraveterinary workers in Australia
16:Professional in veterinary medicine
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670:Badger (VN, Cert Ed, MBVNA), Sue.
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446:Paraveterinary workers in Thailand
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1101:"Online Veterinary Tech Programs"
925:. Vet Tech Salary. Archived from
406:Paraveterinary workers in Ireland
396:Paraveterinary workers in Denmark
391:Paraveterinary workers in Belgium
91:UK - Registered Veterinary Nurses
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451:Paraveterinary workers in Turkey
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401:Paraveterinary workers in France
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620:"Who Can Use the Term "Nurse?""
416:Paraveterinary workers in Japan
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845:. p. inside front cover.
789:Turner, Trevor; Turner, Jean.
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23:Veterinary technicians of the
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1003:"Technologist vs Technician?"
708:"Veterinary Nurse Initiative"
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64:Veterinary technician / nurse
606:"VTNE Overview | AAVSB"
174:State University of New York
7:
1445:People working with animals
1129:Blackstone Career Institute
805:"The Wylie Centenary Flyer"
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303:Education and qualification
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634:"Title 'Nurse' Protection"
285:magnetic resonance imagers
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872:. John Wiley & Sons.
183:Role and responsibilities
312:with a monitoring body.
841:. St. Louis, Missouri:
367:Specialty certification
170:United States Air Force
1440:Paraveterinary workers
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1221:List of veterinarians
1216:Veterinary pharmacist
1211:Paraveterinary worker
647:Daugherty, Scarlett.
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45:veterinary technician
35:is a professional of
33:paraveterinary worker
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1450:Health professionals
1303:Alternative medicine
651:. Vet Career Schools
560:Veterinary physician
499:improve this section
269:electrocardiographic
244:interventions (e.g.
141:Veterinary assistant
105:higher level skills.
49:veterinary assistant
1368:Preventive medicine
1249:Veterinarian's Oath
1192:Veterinary medicine
983:on 27 November 2008
929:on 18 December 2014
712:veterinarynurse.org
565:Veterinary medicine
343:or honours degree.
281:computed tomography
37:veterinary medicine
1105:TradeSchoolReviews
770:. 13 December 2017
636:. 20 October 2017.
570:Veterinary surgeon
361:grandfather rights
248:, ear flushes and
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903:. NAVTA
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678:5 Feb
1338:Fish
1087:2011
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909:2016
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847:ISBN
776:2023
754:2023
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