363:. Spina bifida causes one or more of the vertebrae to fail to form vertebral arches within the infant, which allows the spinal cord to protrude from the rest of the spine. In extreme cases, this can cause spinal cord function inferior to the missing vertebral arches to cease. This cessation of spinal cord function can result in paralysis of lower extremities. Documented cases of paralysis of the anal sphincter in newborns have been observed when spina bifida has gone untreated. While life-threatening, many cases of spina bifida can be corrected surgically if operated on within 72 hours of birth.
509:. This is a deterioration of nerves in the spinal cord, starting in the posterior part of the cord. Affected dogs will become gradually weaker in the hind legs as nerves die off. Eventually, their hind legs become useless. They often also exhibit faecal and urinary incontinence. As the disease progresses, the paresis and paralysis gradually move forward. This disease also affects other large breeds of dogs. It is suspected to be an autoimmune problem.
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486:. These dogs have short legs, and may also have short muzzles. Their intervertebral disc material can calcify and become more brittle. In such cases, the disc may rupture, with disc material ending up in the spinal canal, or rupturing more laterally to press on spinal nerves. A minor rupture may only result in
405:
Many animal species use paralyzing toxins to capture prey, evade predation, or both. In stimulated muscles, the decrease in frequency of the miniature potentials runs parallel to the decrease in postsynaptic potential, and to the decrease in muscle contraction. In invertebrates, this clearly
327:
meaning "false, not genuine", from Greek ψεῦδος) is voluntary restriction or inhibition of motion because of pain, incoordination, orgasm, or other cause, and is not due to actual muscular paralysis. In an infant, it may be a symptom of
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Another type of paralysis is caused by a fibrocartilaginous embolism. This is a microscopic piece of disc material that breaks off and becomes lodged in a spinal artery. Nerves served by the artery will die when deprived of blood.
490:, but a major rupture can cause enough damage to cut off circulation. If no signs of pain can be elicited, surgery should be performed within 24 hours of the incident, to remove the disc material and relieve pressure on the
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may develop blood clots that travel through arteries. If a clot is large enough to block one or both femoral arteries, there may be hind leg paralysis because the major source of blood flow to the hind leg is blocked.
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venom inhibits both the fast and slow neuromuscular system at identical concentrations. It causes a decrease in the frequency of the miniature potentials without affecting their amplitude significantly.
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in nerve cells, inhibiting the cells' proper function. A non-lethal dose of this toxin results in temporary paralysis. This toxin is also present in many other species ranging from toads to
625:
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806:... evidence of congenital syphilis (e.g., nonimmune hydrops, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, rhinitis, skin rash, and/or pseudoparalysis of an extremity).
344:
Paralysis can occur in localised or generalised forms, or it may follow a certain pattern. Most paralyses caused by nervous-system damage (e.g.,
494:. After 24 hours, the chance of recovery declines rapidly, since with continued pressure, the spinal cord tissue deteriorates and dies.
408:
431:, to complete the reproductive cycle, the female wasp paralyses a prey item such as a grasshopper and places it in her nest. In the species
952:
Colman, D. R.; Toolson, E. C.; Takacs-Vesbach, C. D. (2012-10-01). "Do diet and taxonomy influence insect gut bacterial communities?".
221:, roughly 1 in 50 people have been diagnosed with some form of permanent or transient paralysis. The word "paralysis" derives from the
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217:. Paralysis can also be accompanied by a loss of feeling (sensory loss) in the affected area if there is sensory damage. In the
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332:. Pseudoparalysis can be caused by extreme mental stresses, and is a common feature of mental disorders such as
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437:, the paralysed insect (most often a bee species) is coated in a thick layer of pollen. The adult
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412:(wasp genus) venom causes paralysis of the neuromuscular system by acting at a presynaptic site.
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233:) meaning "making loose". A paralysis accompanied by involuntary tremors is usually called "
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that can cause non-permanent paralysis or death. Also, many trees contain neurotoxins.
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626:"Paralysis Facts & Figures - Spinal Cord Injury - Paralysis Research Center"
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presents in the lower limbs before the upper limbs. It can be associated with:
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852:"Clinical Lecture On Cases Of Spina Bifida, With Paralysis Of Sphincters"
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A well-known example of a vertebrate-produced paralyzing toxin is the
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Paralysis can occur in newborns due to a congenital defect known as
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then lays eggs in the paralysed insect, which is devoured by the
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305:, and dysregulation of this system can lead to episodes of
786:"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006"
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225:παράλυσις, meaning "disabling of the nerves" from παρά (
1004:
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
482:Paralysis can be seen in breeds of dogs that are
348:) are constant in nature; however, some forms of
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245:Paralysis is most often caused by damage in the
19:"Paralysed" redirects here. For other uses, see
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505:is especially prone to developing degenerative
30:"Paralytic" redirects here. For the gene, see
650:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940).
1105:Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes
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912:Anatomy and Physiology: Form and Function
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150:Learn how and when to remove this message
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784:Workowski KA, Berman SM (August 2006).
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772:TheFreeDictionary > pseudoparalysis
628:. Christopherreeve.org. Archived from
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393:, which occurs in conditions such as
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376:(another name for this condition is
301:. Temporary paralysis occurs during
88:adding citations to reliable sources
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389:Ascending paralysis contrasts with
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229:) meaning "beside, by" and λύσις (
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471:. This toxin works by binding to
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520:Many snakes exhibit powerful
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378:Landry's ascending paralysis
317:, can also cause paralysis.
309:. Drugs that interfere with
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856:The British Medical Journal
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658:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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25:Paralysis (disambiguation)
21:Paralysed (disambiguation)
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910:Saladin, Kenneth (2012).
253:. Other major causes are
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172:
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936:MedlinePlus Encyclopedia
757:Liddell & Scott 1940
685:Liddell & Scott 1940
670:Liddell & Scott 1940
575:Brain–computer interface
457:of fish species such as
213:function in one or more
37:Not to be confused with
656:A Greek-English Lexicon
374:Guillain–Barré syndrome
299:Guillain–Barré syndrome
463:, the famously lethal
406:indicates that, e.g.,
334:panic anxiety disorder
16:Loss of motor function
868:10.1136/bmj.1.860.767
275:peripheral neuropathy
535:Spinal cord injuries
391:descending paralysis
346:spinal cord injuries
84:improve this article
819:"anxiety-panic.com"
503:German Shepherd Dog
434:Philanthus gibbosus
427:In some species of
367:Ascending paralysis
330:congenital syphilis
279:Parkinson's disease
350:periodic paralysis
295:multiple sclerosis
55:Spastic hemiplegia
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960:(20): 5124–5137.
954:Molecular Ecology
921:978-0-07-337825-1
823:anxiety-panic.com
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460:Takifugu rubripes
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630:the original
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545:Quadriplegia
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514:heart murmur
512:Cats with a
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467:of Japanese
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361:spina bifida
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183:neurosurgery
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140:January 2020
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82:Please help
77:verification
74:
47:Hypoesthesia
43:Sensory loss
652:"παράλυσις"
595:Obdormition
550:Hemiparesis
522:neurotoxins
492:spinal cord
449:Vertebrates
439:P. gibbosus
409:Microbracon
251:spinal cord
99:"Paralysis"
51:Hemiparesis
1089:Categories
833:2017-06-06
660:on Perseus
636:2013-02-19
612:References
600:Narcolepsy
590:Cobratoxin
555:Monoplegia
540:Paraplegia
507:myelopathy
477:nemerteans
465:pufferfish
415:Philanthus
340:Variations
313:, such as
187:psychiatry
110:newspapers
39:Spasticity
1110:Neurology
974:1365-294X
605:Cataplexy
303:REM sleep
203:paralyses
195:Paralysis
179:Neurology
174:Specialty
168:Paralysis
990:23740875
982:22978555
894:20748563
876:25244879
802:16888612
565:Beriberi
528:See also
395:botulism
287:botulism
1073:D010243
885:2220916
731:"Palsy"
701:"Palsy"
488:paresis
325:pseudo-
215:muscles
124:scholar
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761:ψεῦδος
742:27 May
715:27 May
705:Lexico
443:larvae
315:curare
297:, and
259:trauma
255:stroke
241:Causes
207:plegia
126:
119:
112:
105:
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1062:359.3
1047:G83.9
986:S2CID
872:JSTOR
689:λύσις
261:with
235:palsy
231:lysis
223:Greek
211:motor
131:JSTOR
117:books
53:, or
1068:MeSH
1057:9-CM
1032:MB5Z
978:PMID
970:ISSN
916:ISBN
890:PMID
798:PMID
744:2015
717:2015
674:παρά
501:The
469:fugu
429:wasp
227:para
103:news
23:and
1053:ICD
1038:ICD
1023:ICD
962:doi
880:PMC
864:doi
283:ALS
237:".
199:pl.
86:by
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