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Additional research has suggested that the right parahippocampal gyrus in particular has functions beyond the contextualizing of visual background. Tests by a
California-based group led by Katherine P. Rankin indicate that the lobe may play a crucial role in identifying social context as well,
299:
Damage to the PPA (for example, due to stroke) often leads to a syndrome in which patients cannot visually recognize scenes even though they can recognize the individual objects in the scenes (such as people, furniture, etc.). The PPA is often considered the complement of the
275:
studies indicate that this region of the brain becomes highly active when human subjects view topographical scene stimuli such as images of landscapes, cityscapes, or rooms (i.e. images of "places"). Furthermore, according to work by
280:
et al. in 2014, stimulation of the region via intracranial electrodes yields intense topographical visual hallucinations of places and situations. The region was first described by
348:
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McDonald B, Highley JR, Walker MA, et al. (January 2000). "Anomalous asymmetry of fusiform and parahippocampal gyrus gray matter in schizophrenia: A postmortem study".
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including paralinguistic elements of verbal communication. For example, Rankin's research suggests that the right parahippocampal gyrus enables people to detect sarcasm.
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267:) is a sub-region of the parahippocampal cortex that lies medially in the inferior temporo-occipital cortex. PPA plays an important role in the encoding and
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304:(FFA), a nearby cortical region that responds strongly whenever faces are viewed, and that is believed to be important for face recognition.
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594:"Seeing Scenes: Topographic Visual Hallucinations Evoked by Direct Electrical Stimulation of the Parahippocampal Place Area"
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Der Grobe Reuter
Springer Universalworterbuch Medizin, Pharmakologie Und Zahnmedizin: Englisch-deutsch (Band 2)
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https://web.archive.org/web/20090505072544/http://www2.umdnj.edu/~neuro/studyaid/Practical2000/Q35.htm
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Temporal-lobe.com An interactive diagram of the rat parahippocampal-hippocampal region
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760:"Distributed representation of objects in the human ventral visual pathway — PNAS"
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Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere. Parahippocampal gyrus shown in orange.
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Epstein R (1998). "A cortical representation of the local visual environment".
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734:"Neuron - An Area within Human Ventral Cortex Sensitive to "Building" Stimuli"
510:"Analysis of parahippocampal gyrus in 115 patients with hippocampal sclerosis"
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2018:
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Ferreira NF, de
Oliveira V, Amaral L, Mendonça R, Lima SS (September 2003).
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819:"Katherine P. Rankin, a Neuropsychologist, Studies Sarcasm - NYTimes.com"
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Parahippocampal gyrus highlighted in green on transversal T1 MRI images
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Human brain inferior-medial view. Parahippocampal gyrus labelled as #5
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Parahippocampal gyrus highlighted in green on sagittal T1 MRI images
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Parahippocampal gyrus highlighted in green on coronal T1 MRI images
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Basal view of a human brain. Parahippocampal gyrus shown in yellow.
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Coronal section. Parahippocampal gyrus labelled at bottom center.
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Human brain seen from below. Parahippocampal gyrus shown in blue
1585:
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694:"The Parahippocampus Subserves Topographical Learning in Man"
185:
65:
272:
592:
MĂ©gevand P, Groppe DM, Goldfinger MS, et al. (2014).
430:
Parahippocampal gyrus, shown in right cerebral hemisphere.
591:
238:
is used to refer to an area that encompasses both the
548:
2104:Some categorizations are approximations, and some
288:in 1998 at MIT, see also other similar reports by
2251:
764:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
271:of environmental scenes (rather than faces).
16:Grey matter region surrounding the hippocampus
2132:
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223:The anterior part of the gyrus includes the
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382:. Parahippocampal gyrus labelled at bottom.
330:Animation. Parahippocampal gyrus shown red.
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872:
39:
27:
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207:. It has been involved in some cases of
196:. The region plays an important role in
49:. Parahippocampal gyrus shown in orange.
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640:
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816:
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757:
316:
254:
1796:Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal)
13:
418:Close up of parahippocampal gyrus.
14:
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2194:Anterior limb of internal capsule
838:
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211:. Asymmetry has been observed in
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435:
423:
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399:
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1890:Posterior parahippocampal gyrus
1832:Collateral (temporal+occipital)
527:10.1590/s0004-282x2003000500001
240:posterior parahippocampal gyrus
1478:Secondary somatosensory cortex
1170:Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
610:10.1523/jneurosci.5202-13.2014
585:
477:
242:and the medial portion of the
1:
2093:Poles of cerebral hemispheres
1827:Cingulate (frontal+cingulate)
692:Aguirre; et al. (1996).
471:
1466:Primary somatosensory cortex
394:Basal view of a human brain.
218:
7:
2175:Anterior nuclei of thalamus
1558:Transverse occipital sulcus
249:
10:
2281:
1970:Isthmus of cingulate gyrus
1791:Central (frontal+parietal)
1526:Occipital pole of cerebrum
817:Hurley, Dan (2008-06-03).
261:parahippocampal place area
2184:
2157:
2101:
2080:
2062:
2032:
1999:
1903:
1858:
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1814:
1783:
1772:
1689:
1627:Transverse temporal gyrus
1619:
1610:
1566:
1518:
1509:
1490:Posterior parietal cortex
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1399:
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1243:
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1748:Inferior temporal sulcus
1669:Superior temporal sulcus
1352:Inferior parietal lobule
1335:Superior parietal lobule
1275:Supplementary motor area
1753:Inferior temporal gyrus
1697:Occipitotemporal sulcus
1643:Superior temporal gyrus
1536:Lateral occipital gyrus
1287:Supplementary eye field
1028:Inferior frontal sulcus
1023:Superior frontal sulcus
785:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9379
598:Journal of Neuroscience
71:gyrus parahippocampalis
2171:Mammillothalamic tract
2014:Fimbria of hippocampus
1080:Superior frontal gyrus
978:Inferior frontal gyrus
932:Superior frontal gyrus
711:10.1093/cercor/6.6.823
236:parahippocampal cortex
151:Anatomical terminology
2222:Hippocampal formation
2206:Parahippocampal gyrus
2001:Hippocampal formation
1860:Parahippocampal gyrus
1674:Middle temporal gyrus
209:hippocampal sclerosis
169:parahippocampal gyrus
22:Parahippocampal gyrus
1974:Retrosplenial cortex
1822:Longitudinal fissure
1714:Medial temporal lobe
1391:Intraparietal sulcus
1251:Primary motor cortex
1148:Orbitofrontal cortex
1097:Medial frontal gyrus
954:Middle frontal gyrus
563:10.1176/ajp.157.1.40
487:, Birkhäuser, 2005,
45:Medial view of left
2260:Hippocampus (brain)
1951:Posterior cingulate
1361:Supramarginal gyrus
776:1999PNAS...96.9379I
655:1998Natur.392..598E
378:Coronal section of
192:and is part of the
188:that surrounds the
47:cerebral hemisphere
2009:Hippocampal sulcus
1929:Anterior cingulate
1806:Preoccipital notch
1407:Paracentral lobule
1377:Parietal operculum
1299:Frontal eye fields
1231:Paracentral sulcus
1219:Paracentral lobule
1120:Paraolfactory area
1116:Paraterminal gyrus
823:The New York Times
514:Arq Neuropsiquiatr
302:fusiform face area
2247:
2246:
2210:Entorhinal cortex
2114:
2113:
2058:
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1883:Postrhinal cortex
1878:Perirhinal cortex
1873:Entorhinal cortex
1845:
1844:
1801:Parieto-occipital
1768:
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1505:
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1462:Postcentral gyrus
1314:
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1059:
1058:
1051:Precentral sulcus
1014:Pars triangularis
770:(16): 9379–9384.
649:(6676): 598–601.
604:(16): 5399–5405.
317:Additional images
255:Scene recognition
173:hippocampal gyrus
165:
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2040:Indusium griseum
1905:Cingulate cortex
1895:Prepyriform area
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1781:
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1661:Planum temporale
1617:
1616:
1598:Calcarine sulcus
1516:
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1325:
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1196:Olfactory sulcus
1182:Subcallosal area
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1046:Precentral gyrus
1005:Pars opercularis
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758:Ishai A (1999).
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736:. Archived from
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290:Geoffrey Aguirre
157:edit on Wikidata
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2198:Cingulate gyrus
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2167:Mammillary body
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1837:Callosal sulcus
1815:Medial/inferior
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1690:Medial/inferior
1685:
1657:Wernicke's area
1631:Auditory cortex
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1567:Medial/inferior
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1446:Marginal sulcus
1400:Medial/inferior
1395:
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1263:Premotor cortex
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1064:Medial/inferior
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896:cerebral cortex
894:Anatomy of the
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698:Cerebral Cortex
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551:Am J Psychiatry
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286:Nancy Kanwisher
282:Russell Epstein
278:Pierre MĂ©gevand
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2214:Perforant path
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2106:Brodmann areas
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1702:Fusiform gyrus
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1511:Occipital lobe
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1201:Orbital sulcus
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1132:Straight gyrus
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991:Pars orbitalis
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839:External links
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2024:Rhinal sulcus
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2019:Dentate gyrus
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1784:Superolateral
1782:
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1620:Superolateral
1618:
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1612:Temporal lobe
1609:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:Lingual gyrus
1589:
1587:
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1577:
1576:
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1574:Visual cortex
1572:
1571:
1569:
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1554:
1553:Lunate sulcus
1551:
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1519:Superolateral
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1370:Angular gyrus
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1328:Superolateral
1326:
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1320:Parietal lobe
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916:Superolateral
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740:on 2013-01-13
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663:10.1038/33402
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213:schizophrenia
210:
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194:limbic system
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37:
30:
25:
20:
2205:
2159:Diencephalon
2103:
1867:
1859:
1144:Orbital gyri
996:Broca's area
908:Frontal lobe
826:. Retrieved
822:
812:
767:
763:
753:
742:. Retrieved
738:the original
728:
704:(6): 823–9.
701:
697:
687:
646:
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601:
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587:
554:
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311:
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294:Alumit Ishai
264:
260:
258:
235:
233:
222:
175:
172:
168:
166:
120:A14.1.09.234
70:
2218:Hippocampus
1851:Limbic lobe
900:human brain
557:(1): 40–7.
497:here online
483:Reuter P.:
380:hippocampus
269:recognition
190:hippocampus
179:grey matter
108:birnlex_807
60:Identifiers
2254:Categories
2108:span gyri.
1774:Interlobar
1471:3, 1 and 2
1211:Precentral
1072:Prefrontal
1038:Precentral
924:Prefrontal
849:NeuroNames
828:2009-11-03
744:2009-11-03
472:References
231:cortices.
229:entorhinal
225:perirhinal
90:NeuroNames
2234:Subiculum
2088:Operculum
1636:41 and 42
1434:Precuneus
495:, p. 648
234:The term
219:Structure
205:retrieval
2202:Cingulum
2050:Amygdala
1868:anterior
845:hier-146
804:10430951
628:24741031
571:10618011
536:14595469
250:Function
201:encoding
182:cortical
102:NeuroLex
2151:pathway
2081:General
898:of the
772:Bibcode
720:8922339
671:9560155
651:Bibcode
619:6608225
579:5915984
177:) is a
83:D020534
55:Details
2238:Fornix
1586:Cuneus
802:
792:
718:
679:920141
677:
669:
643:Nature
626:
616:
577:
569:
534:
491:
198:memory
2045:Uncus
2033:Other
1909:gyrus
795:17791
675:S2CID
575:S2CID
186:brain
155:[
144:61918
66:Latin
2265:Gyri
2236:) →
1455:Both
1244:Both
800:PMID
716:PMID
667:PMID
624:PMID
567:PMID
532:PMID
489:ISBN
292:and
284:and
273:fMRI
259:The
227:and
203:and
171:(or
167:The
132:5515
115:TA98
78:MeSH
2230:CA1
2226:CA3
847:at
790:PMC
780:doi
706:doi
659:doi
647:392
614:PMC
606:doi
559:doi
555:157
522:doi
265:PPA
139:FMA
127:TA2
95:164
2256::
2232:→
2228:→
2216:→
2212:→
2208:→
2204:→
2200:→
2196:→
2173:→
2169:→
1989:30
1984:29
1979:26
1972::
1961:31
1956:23
1944:33
1939:32
1934:24
1922:25
1758:20
1739:36
1734:35
1729:34
1724:28
1719:27
1707:37
1679:21
1653:22
1648:38
1579:17
1546:19
1541:18
1382:43
1366:39
1357:40
1187:25
1175:10
1163:12
1158:11
1153:10
1137:11
1125:12
1010:45
1001:44
987:47
982:11
980::
969:46
964:10
821:.
798:.
788:.
778:.
768:96
766:.
762:.
714:.
700:.
696:.
673:.
665:.
657:.
645:.
622:.
612:.
602:34
600:.
596:.
573:.
565:.
553:.
530:.
518:61
516:.
512:.
296:.
246:.
215:.
104:ID
2240:→
2224:(
2220:/
2177:→
2140:e
2133:t
2126:v
1907:/
1663:)
1659:(
1655:/
1629:/
1495:7
1483:5
1464:/
1439:7
1427:5
1422:3
1417:2
1412:1
1368:-
1359:-
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1304:8
1292:6
1280:6
1268:6
1256:4
1224:4
1146:/
1118:/
1107:9
1102:8
1090:6
1085:4
1012:-
1003:-
989:-
959:9
947:8
942:6
937:4
887:e
880:t
873:v
831:.
806:.
782::
774::
747:.
722:.
708::
702:6
681:.
661::
653::
630:.
608::
581:.
561::
538:.
524::
263:(
159:]
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