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Of approximately 150 gentlemen who generally serve for at least one week per year during official functions, about two dozen are on staff at a time. They assist at papal audiences, including the
Wednesday General Audiences, often bringing children to the pope for a blessing. In addressing an audience
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The various
Authorities and other personalities who visit the See of Peter experience their first contact with this House and receive their first impressions through you, dear Gentlemen. As your name indicates, the gifts of politeness and cordiality are therefore necessary to put these people at
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over the course of several centuries, while others were appointed as a high honor, one of the highest the papacy conferred on
Catholic laymen (often prominent politicians or wealthy philanthropists). They were originally selected from members of Italian royal and aristocratic families. They were
1601:. They participate in civil ceremonies and formal receptions for heads of state, heads of government and others. They welcome dignitaries such as ambassadors and ministers who come to the Vatican or Castel Gandolfo to present their
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1570:) when conferred upon laypersons, it was mostly an honorary position, but a chamberlain generally served the pope for at least one week per year during official liturgical or state ceremonies.
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Prior to
Vatican II they provided personal assistance to the pope on formal state occasions as members of the Papal Court. The Gentlemen of His Holiness are under the
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members of the Papal Court and it was one of the highest honours that could be bestowed on a
Catholic layman by the pope. Known as Chamberlain of the Sword and Cape (
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in ceremonial positions, such as escorting dignitaries during state visits and other important occasions. It is a local name for the old court position of
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Wooden, Cindy. "Pope
Benedict's body solemnly, lovingly carried to St. Peter's Basilica", CNS, January 2, 2023
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The Church
Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church
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1523:, wearing the formal court dress of a papal chamberlain of the sword and cape in
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with the papal gentlemen, Pope
Francis thanked them for their service and said,
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and replaced with the designation "Gentleman of His
Holiness" for laypersons.
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Fundamental
Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church
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Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy: Financing the Vatican, 1850–1950
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1507:. To be appointed is an honor. The appointee is an unpaid volunteer.
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Lay attendant of the pope and his papal household in Vatican City
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and serve as guides, escorting them to meetings with the pope.
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Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
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as well as laypersons, usually members of prominent Italian
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Snizek, Rick. "‘Papal gentleman’ admires pope’s humility",
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families. Many came from families that had long served the
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2139:
398:
4031:
House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul
2203:
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They also acted as pallbearers during the funeral for
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Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
843:
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
4099:
3981:
1238:
Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici
848:
Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
1730:Speciale, Alessandro. "All the Pope's Gentlemen",
1673:
2449:Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province
1744:
1203:Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City
987:Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City
4226:
1779:"Francis receives Papal Gentlemen in audience",
2010:Order of Saint Sylvester and the Militia Aurata
1842:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See
1622:, carrying the body into St. Peter's Basilica.
735:Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)
296:Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State
1593:wearing the court dress of a papal chamberlain
4082:Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide
3091:
2155:
1826:
1549:was prior to 1968 a court title given by the
1541:Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
1452:
745:Undersecretaries for Relations with States:
331:Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
3510:Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe
1671:
757:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See
449:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See
3098:
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2162:
2148:
1833:
1819:
1459:
1445:
1373:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
1712:, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 48
1703:
1701:
147:History of the Catholic Church since 1962
3839:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
2390:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
1584:
1514:
1293:Saints Martin and Sebastian of the Swiss
2434:Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church
2429:Successor of the Prince of the Apostles
1938:Medal of the Order pro Merito Melitensi
1148:Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica
4227:
1698:
1653:Index of Vatican City-related articles
1198:Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah
982:Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah
688:Prefecture of the Pontifical Household
269:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
3576:
3079:
2143:
1814:
1734:, Agence France-Presse, Aug. 17, 2010
1625:
1243:Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope
1002:Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences
739:Secretary for Relations with States:
204:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State
301:Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City
4114:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
2454:Sovereign of the Vatican City State
1745:Galeazzi, Giacomo (July 11, 2019).
1672:Noonan, Jr., James-Charles (1996).
1578:The title was abolished in 1968 by
1537:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
808:Institute for the Works of Religion
788:The Holy See and the United Nations
13:
4119:Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua
3829:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2375:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2352:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1993:Order of Saint John of the Lateran
1568:Cameriere Segreti di spada e cappa
1358:Collection of Modern Religious Art
384:List of newspapers in Vatican City
326:Association of Vatican Lay Workers
209:Capital punishment in Vatican City
14:
4251:
3897:Pontifical North American College
3459:Section for Relations with States
1928:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1632:Charles Owen O'Conor, O'Conor Don
1599:Prefecture of the Papal Household
1353:Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling
813:Telephone numbers in Vatican City
708:Section for Relations with States
444:Foreign relations of the Holy See
399:.va (Vatican City internet sites)
4207:
4195:
3591:Extraordinary general assemblies
3058:
3046:
2122:
2110:
2097:Other Catholic orders of chivaly
1426:
1414:
1038:Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
469:Holy See–United States relations
177:Vatican City during World War II
22:
4059:Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo
3959:Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo
3939:Pontifical Minor Roman Seminary
3738:Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno
1495:. Papal gentlemen serve in the
1208:Public holidays in Vatican City
1058:Fountains of St. Peter's Square
992:Public holidays in Vatican City
838:Financial Information Authority
4240:Catholic ecclesiastical titles
3748:Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo
2459:Servant of the servants of God
1875:Order of St. Gregory the Great
1798:
1787:
1772:
1757:
1747:"Who presents you to the Pope"
1738:
1723:
1665:
1573:
997:Pontifical Academy of Sciences
828:Rail transport in Vatican City
770:Vatican and Holy See passports
359:Secretariat for Communications
254:Tribunal of Vatican City State
249:Temporal power of the Holy See
1:
4011:Pontifical Oriental Institute
2043:
1658:
1303:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi
1083:Monument to the Royal Stuarts
564:President: G. di Sanguinetto
3834:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
3105:
2482:Coat of arms of the Holy See
2385:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
1298:Santo Stefano degli Abissini
898:Coat of arms of Vatican City
464:Holy See–Palestine relations
378:L'Osservatore della Domenica
224:Legal status of the Holy See
7:
4016:Pontifical Lombard Seminary
3892:Pontifical Urban University
3586:Ordinary general assemblies
3333:Cardinal Secretary of State
2984:Pontifical colleges in Rome
1906:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
1646:
1273:Cardinal Secretary of State
1078:Mater Ecclesiae (monastery)
833:Secretariat for the Economy
723:Status in international law
718:Multilateral foreign policy
481:Governorate of Vatican City
394:Vatican Information Service
286:LGBT rights in Vatican City
157:Roman Historical Institutes
10:
4256:
4109:Basilica of the Holy House
3733:Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino
3141:Sovereignty and government
3065:Catholic Church portal
2299:properties of the Holy See
2169:
1933:Order pro Merito Melitensi
1534:
1510:
1233:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri
1228:San Pellegrino in Vaticano
863:Properties of the Holy See
4190:
4135:
4066:Gardens of the Villa Cybo
4049:
3919:Palace of the Holy Office
3909:Palazzo della Cancelleria
3881:Palace of Saint Callixtus
3851:
3814:
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3703:
3680:
3632:
3604:
3548:
3443:
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3288:
3162:
3150:Sovereign judicial entity
3113:
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2568:
2515:
2467:
2398:
2365:
2315:
2194:
2177:
2105:
2062:
1979:
1971:Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross
1961:Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice
1948:
1888:
1848:
1477:Gentleman of His Holiness
1088:Palace of the Holy Office
1068:Geography of Vatican City
962:Languages of Vatican City
823:Transport in Vatican City
552:President: Pio Vito Pinto
454:Holy See–Israel relations
414:Vatican Television Center
172:Vatican Historical Museum
4007:Archaeological Institute
3192:Old St. Peter's Basilica
3187:Patrimony of Saint Peter
3182:History of papal primacy
2016:Advocates of Saint Peter
1865:Order of the Golden Spur
1535:Not to be confused with
1368:Redemptoris Mater Chapel
1288:Redemptoris Mater Chapel
1138:Old St. Peter's Basilica
1008:The Story of the Vatican
639:Universi Dominici gregis
627:Universi Dominici Gregis
493:Military of Vatican City
486:Governor of Vatican City
459:Holy See–Italy relations
404:Vatican Publishing House
373:(Vatican City newspaper)
140:2010 Vatican sex scandal
135:Governor of Vatican City
82:Congregation for Borders
31:This article is part of
4202:Vatican City portal
3934:Palace of the Vicariate
3728:Civitavecchia-Tarquinia
3252:Prisoner in the Vatican
3241:Investiture Controversy
3053:Vatican City portal
2117:Vatican City portal
1860:Supreme Order of Christ
1591:Wilhelm Wedel-Jarlsberg
1421:Vatican City portal
1348:Vatican Gallery of Maps
1213:Vatican Secret Archives
1173:Via della Conciliazione
1063:Gardens of Vatican City
818:Tourism in Vatican City
314:Politics and government
275:Apostolic Constitution
231:Alperin v. Vatican Bank
101:Prisoner in the Vatican
4214:Catholicism portal
4170:Apostolic Penitentiary
4144:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
4091:Santa Maria di Galeria
3416:For Vatican City State
2898:for Vatican City State
2528:Apostolic constitution
2129:Catholicism portal
1998:Order of Saint Cecilia
1880:Order of St. Sylvester
1616:
1594:
1532:
1433:Catholicism portal
1383:Sistine Chapel ceiling
1178:Vatican Climate Forest
1103:Saint Peter's Basilica
972:Vatican Christmas Tree
291:Pontifical Swiss Guard
264:1983 Code of Canon Law
198:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
3998:San Carlo ai Catinari
3969:Paul VI Audience Hall
3955:Benedictine monastery
3902:Bambino Gesù Hospital
3672:Sabina-Poggio Mirteto
3021:Sexually active popes
2972:Pontifical university
2716:Ring of the Fisherman
2555:Ecclesiastical letter
2550:Apostolic exhortation
2439:Patriarch of the West
2424:Vicar of Jesus Christ
2022:Blessed sword and hat
1870:Order of Pope Pius IX
1766:Rhode Island Catholic
1611:
1588:
1527:style, with a golden
1518:
1313:Cortile del Belvedere
1218:St. Peter's Baldachin
1153:Paul VI Audience Hall
1053:Domus Sanctae Marthae
977:Sport in Vatican City
967:Women in Vatican City
950:Music of Vatican City
439:Fabric of Saint Peter
389:Vatican Radio lawsuit
364:Holy See Press Office
352:Pontifical Commission
214:Crime in Vatican City
152:History of the Papacy
3824:St. Peter's Basilica
3517:Apostolic nunciature
3376:College of Cardinals
3371:Secretariat of State
3016:Popes by nationality
2932:Sistine Chapel Choir
2866:College of Cardinals
2497:Regalia and insignia
2380:St. Peter's Basilica
2087:Pontifical academies
1501:St. Peter's Basilica
1323:Porta San Pellegrino
1258:Bibliotheca Palatina
1108:Saint Peter's Square
1028:Apostolic nunciature
955:Sistine Chapel Choir
505:College of Cardinals
421:Secretariat of State
370:L'Osservatore Romano
4175:Apostolic Signatura
4003:Collegio Bellarmino
3875:Adjoining buildings
3450:Multilateral policy
2053:Papal Lateran Cross
1898:(with distinctions)
1525:Spanish Renaissance
1521:Christopher de Paus
1248:Vatican Observatory
1022:Buildings/geography
886:List of Papal flags
474:Papal apocrisiarius
3944:Collegio Teutonico
3861:Lateran University
3705:Suffragan dioceses
3682:Territorial abbeys
3652:Porto-Santa Rufina
3634:Suburbicarian sees
3596:Special assemblies
3491:Permanent Observer
2967:Pontifical academy
2962:Orders of chivalry
1949:Other distinctions
1783:, January 10, 2014
1680:. Viking. p.
1626:Grand Chamberlains
1595:
1533:
1193:Vatican Necropolis
1163:Torre San Giovanni
1113:Saint Peter's tomb
1048:Bramante Staircase
1011:, 1941 documentary
853:Vatican euro coins
634:(Papal elections)
539:Dominique Mamberti
532:Court of Cassation
4222:
4221:
4131:
4130:
4127:
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4089:antennae area of
4080:Summer estate of
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4044:
3977:
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3949:Teutonic Cemetery
3847:
3846:
3810:
3809:
3806:
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3723:Civita Castellana
3626:
3570:
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3309:
3246:Age of Revolution
3219:Donation of Pepin
3214:Donation of Sutri
3154:international law
3073:
3072:
2840:Prelate of Honour
2407:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2137:
2136:
2004:Order of the Moor
1986:
1966:Benemerenti medal
1911:Palm of Jerusalem
1899:
1804:Irish Times, 1860
1768:, March 25, 2013
1708:Pollard John F.,
1620:Pope Benedict XVI
1547:Papal Chamberlain
1483:attendant of the
1469:
1468:
1389:The Last Judgment
1318:Passetto di Borgo
1308:Teutonic Cemetery
1158:Tomb of the Julii
1093:Palazzi Pontifici
1043:Borgia Apartments
775:Visa requirements
747:Antoine Camilleri
701:Foreign relations
646:Recent conclaves
346:Giuseppe Bertello
167:Vatileaks scandal
112:Law of Guarantees
65:Donation of Pepin
4247:
4212:
4211:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4102:extraterritorial
4097:
4096:
4075:Adjacent gardens
4035:Nympheum of Nero
3984:extraterritorial
3979:
3978:
3871:Sancta Sanctorum
3849:
3848:
3812:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3791:
3790:
3779:
3630:
3629:
3611:
3608:province of Rome
3574:
3573:
3555:
3406:Apostolic Camera
3313:
3312:
3295:
3177:Primacy of Peter
3100:
3093:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3063:
3062:
3051:
3050:
3049:
2888:Apostolic Camera
2845:Prince assistant
2771:Sedia gestatoria
2444:Primate of Italy
2403:
2334:Papal apartments
2329:Apostolic Palace
2296:extraterritorial
2252:
2251:
2201:
2200:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2127:
2126:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2048:
2045:
2034:Fidei et Virtuti
1984:
1897:
1892:under protection
1835:
1828:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1776:
1770:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1742:
1736:
1727:
1721:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1679:
1669:
1553:to high-ranking
1505:valet de chambre
1497:Apostolic Palace
1475:, also called a
1461:
1454:
1447:
1431:
1430:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1268:Cappella Paolina
1253:Vatican Pharmacy
1183:Vatican Heliport
1133:Niccoline Chapel
1118:Lateran Basilica
1098:Papal Apartments
1033:Apostolic Palace
918:Papal coronation
656:
547:Court of Appeals
515:
280:
130:
26:
19:
18:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4235:Papal gentlemen
4225:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4206:
4196:
4194:
4186:
4155:Papal household
4123:
4101:
4095:
4051:
4041:
4027:Sant'Apollinare
4025:Two Palaces of
4021:Russian College
3983:
3973:
3843:
3816:Major basilicas
3795:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3762:
3699:
3676:
3621:
3610:
3607:
3600:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3540:
3469:Of the Holy See
3464:To the Holy See
3447:
3445:Foreign affairs
3439:
3387:
3357:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3292:judicial entity
3291:
3284:
3158:
3136:Diocese of Rome
3109:
3104:
3074:
3069:
3057:
3047:
3045:
3037:
3006:Canonised popes
2936:
2927:Cappella Giulia
2854:
2818:Papal majordomo
2780:
2754:
2657:
2564:
2511:
2463:
2402:
2394:
2367:Major basilicas
2361:
2303:
2258:
2250:
2232:Diocese of Rome
2207:
2190:
2173:
2168:
2138:
2133:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2070:Papal household
2058:
2046:
1983:
1981:
1980:Defunct/dormant
1975:
1944:
1896:
1894:of the Holy See
1893:
1891:
1884:
1852:of the Holy See
1851:
1844:
1839:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1788:
1777:
1773:
1762:
1758:
1743:
1739:
1728:
1724:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1649:
1628:
1576:
1544:
1529:chain of office
1513:
1489:papal household
1473:papal gentleman
1465:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1396:
1395:
1391:by Michelangelo
1343:Vatican Museums
1338:
1336:Vatican Museums
1328:
1327:
1263:Cappella Giulia
1073:Gregorian Tower
1023:
1015:
1014:
945:Vatican Library
940:Vatican Museums
935:
925:
924:
876:
868:
867:
803:
793:
792:
784:
766:
753:
703:
693:
692:
681:Papal Gentleman
676:Papal household
670:
654:
615:Diocese of Rome
598:Catholic Church
581:
571:
570:
565:
553:
541:
513:
433:
348:
316:
306:
305:
273:
240:Doe v. Holy See
192:
182:
181:
128:
94:Capture of Rome
54:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4253:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4204:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4094:
4093:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4055:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4029:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3990:Palace of the
3987:
3985:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3856:Lateran Palace
3852:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3808:
3807:
3799:
3788:
3785:territoriality
3772:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3647:Velletri-Segni
3644:
3638:
3636:
3627:
3606:Ecclesiastical
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3571:
3562:full communion
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3505:European Union
3502:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3486:United Nations
3483:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3408:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3381:Papal conclave
3373:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3338:
3336:Pietro Parolin
3330:
3321:
3319:
3310:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3268:Lateran Treaty
3260:
3255:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3234:Temporal power
3226:
3224:Avignon Papacy
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3197:Lateran Palace
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3147:
3138:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3080:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3055:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3031:Western Schism
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2989:Major Seminary
2981:
2980:
2979:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2948:Papal nobility
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2890:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2805:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2759:Transportation
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2733:Sub-cinctorium
2730:
2729:
2728:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2492:Keys of Heaven
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Bishop of Rome
2416:
2410:
2408:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2339:Sistine Chapel
2336:
2326:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2287:Lateran Treaty
2270:
2268:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2215:
2213:
2210:Full communion
2198:
2192:
2191:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2119:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2080:Black nobility
2075:Papal nobility
2072:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2040:Lauretan Cross
2037:
2031:
2028:Pro Petri Sede
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1921:Cross of Merit
1918:
1913:
1902:
1900:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1797:
1786:
1771:
1756:
1737:
1722:
1697:
1690:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1627:
1624:
1575:
1572:
1512:
1509:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1378:Sistine Chapel
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1283:Circus of Nero
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1123:Lateran Palace
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
958:
957:
947:
942:
936:
931:
930:
927:
926:
923:
922:
921:
920:
910:
900:
895:
890:
889:
888:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
866:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
804:
799:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
783:
782:
777:
772:
765:
764:
759:
752:
751:
750:
749:
743:
741:Paul Gallagher
732:
731:
730:
728:Lateran Treaty
720:
715:
710:
704:
699:
698:
695:
694:
691:
690:
685:
684:
683:
673:
672:
671:
669:
668:
663:
658:
649:
644:
643:
642:
632:Papal conclave
629:
624:
623:
622:
617:
607:
606:
605:
595:
594:
593:
582:
577:
576:
573:
572:
569:
568:
567:
566:
563:
556:
555:
554:
551:
544:
543:
542:
536:
529:
524:
523:
522:
517:
502:
501:
500:
490:
489:
488:
478:
477:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
441:
436:
435:
434:
431:Pietro Parolin
425:
418:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
374:
366:
356:
355:
354:
349:
340:
338:
328:
323:
317:
312:
311:
308:
307:
304:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
282:
281:
271:
266:
256:
251:
246:
245:
244:
235:
221:
219:Lateran Treaty
216:
211:
206:
201:
193:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
143:
142:
137:
122:
119:Lateran Treaty
116:
115:
114:
109:
107:Roman Question
103:" (1870–1929)
97:
91:
90:
89:
84:
79:
68:
62:
55:
50:
49:
46:
45:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4252:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4203:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4160:Peter's Pence
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4088:
4087:Vatican Radio
4085:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4048:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3992:Holy Apostles
3989:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3777:
3773:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:Anagni-Alatri
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3567:Papal primacy
3563:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3428:Congregations
3426:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3299:international
3293:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Duchy of Rome
3207:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:Apostolic see
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3121:episcopal see
3119:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3096:
3094:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3081:
3078:
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3024:
3022:
3019:
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3014:
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3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
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2933:
2930:
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2925:
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2913:
2911:
2910:Congregations
2908:
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2903:
2899:
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2809:
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2797:
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2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:Infallibility
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:Proclamations
2514:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:Coats of arms
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
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2327:
2324:
2321:
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2257:
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2240:
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2235:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2225:
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2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2160:
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2153:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2098:
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2078:
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2068:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Pilgrim Shell
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
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1817:
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1801:
1795:
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1760:
1752:
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1733:
1726:
1720:
1719:9780521812047
1716:
1713:
1711:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1691:0-670-86745-4
1687:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1633:
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1592:
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1399:
1392:
1390:
1386:
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1376:
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1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:Raphael Rooms
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
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1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1278:Casina Pio IV
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
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1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
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1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
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1146:
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1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
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1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
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1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
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1054:
1051:
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1041:
1039:
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1026:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1000:
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993:
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988:
985:
983:
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978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
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960:
956:
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952:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
934:
929:
928:
919:
916:
915:
914:
911:
908:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
887:
884:
883:
882:
879:
878:
872:
871:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
802:
797:
796:
789:
786:
785:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
748:
744:
742:
738:
737:
736:
733:
729:
726:
725:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
702:
697:
696:
689:
686:
682:
679:
678:
677:
674:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
651:
650:
648:
647:
645:
641:
640:
636:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
611:
608:
604:
601:
600:
599:
596:
592:
589:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
575:
574:
562:
561:
560:
557:
550:
549:
548:
545:
540:
535:
534:
533:
530:
528:
527:Vical General
525:
521:
518:
516:
514:(Chamberlain)
512:
508:
507:
506:
503:
499:
496:
495:
494:
491:
487:
484:
483:
482:
479:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
445:
442:
440:
437:
432:
428:
424:
423:
422:
419:
415:
412:
410:
409:Vatican Radio
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
379:
375:
372:
371:
367:
365:
362:
361:
360:
357:
353:
350:
347:
343:
339:
337:
334:
333:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
315:
310:
309:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
279:
278:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
242:
241:
236:
233:
232:
227:
226:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
199:
195:
194:
191:
186:
185:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
141:
138:
136:
133:
132:
126:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
72:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:Duchy of Rome
57:
56:
53:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
34:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4142:
3964:Beda College
3866:Scala Sancta
3690:Montecassino
3623:Vatican City
3306:Legal status
3275:World War II
3263:Vatican City
3258:Savoyard era
3229:Papal States
3145:Vatican City
2824:
2776:Shepherd One
2636:Inauguration
2601:Urbi et Orbi
2599:
2414:His Holiness
2323:Vatican City
2316:Headquarters
2256:Vatican City
2218:
2196:Jurisdiction
2047: 1980s
1982:distinctions
1800:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1765:
1759:
1750:
1740:
1731:
1725:
1709:
1675:
1667:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1596:
1580:Pope Paul VI
1577:
1567:
1546:
1545:
1493:Vatican City
1476:
1472:
1470:
1388:
1188:Vatican Hill
1128:Leonine City
1006:
858:Vatican lira
637:
603:Latin Church
510:
376:
368:
277:Pastor Bonus
276:
238:
229:
196:
162:Savoyard Era
125:Vatican City
71:Papal States
42:Vatican City
4182:Swiss Guard
3929:Palazzo Pio
3433:Dicasteries
3411:Commissions
3401:Roman Curia
3280:Warsaw Pact
2996:Swiss Guard
2915:Dicasteries
2893:Commissions
2883:Roman Curia
2803:Swiss Guard
2576:Arbitration
2405:Papal names
2294:along with
2092:Swiss Guard
1985:(selection)
1956:Golden Rose
1603:credentials
1574:Present day
1563:Papal Court
1168:Scala Regia
1143:Papal tombs
913:Papal tiara
780:Visa policy
620:Roman Curia
537:President:
498:Noble Guard
73:(754–1870)
4229:Categories
4165:Roman Rota
4063:Papal farm
3996:Palace of
3888:Hill area
3776:Properties
3662:Palestrina
3534:Concordats
3393:Government
3363:Governance
2850:Theologian
2794:Camerlengo
2766:Popemobile
2626:Consistory
2621:Coronation
2594:Pontifical
2581:Deposition
2569:Activities
2545:Encyclical
2507:Umbraculum
2180:Episcopate
1659:References
1223:Sala Regia
713:Concordats
591:Popemobile
511:Camerlengo
4071:Barberini
3886:Gianicolo
3780:including
3614:Vicariate
3558:universal
3496:in Geneva
3341:Cardinals
3317:Officials
3290:Sovereign
3118:Apostolic
2871:cardinals
2825:Gentlemen
2813:Palatinus
2799:Commander
2786:Household
2750:Zucchetto
2691:Flabellum
2663:Vestments
2646:High Mass
2631:Diplomacy
2560:Interdict
1781:La Stampa
1732:The World
1636:Roscommon
905:(Vatican
559:Tribunale
427:Secretary
342:President
336:President
259:Canon law
61:(554–751)
4136:See also
3657:Frascati
3529:Treaties
3423:Councils
3351:Advisers
3107:Holy See
3026:Antipope
3001:Papabile
2905:Councils
2830:Preacher
2808:Chaplain
2726:Slippers
2706:Mozzetta
2609:Conclave
2588:Blessing
2356:cathedra
2274:Enclaved
2205:Holy See
2063:See also
1751:LaStampa
1647:See also
1487:and his
907:postcode
610:Holy See
321:Archives
33:a series
4050:Outside
3758:Viterbo
3695:Subiaco
3552:of Rome
3550:Diocese
3328:Francis
3164:History
3134:of the
3128:Francis
3011:Legends
2977:in Rome
2941:Related
2835:Prefect
2801:of the
2711:Pallium
2671:Camauro
2469:Symbols
2265:outline
2242:History
2237:Primacy
2230:of the
2223:Francis
2182:of the
1640:Ireland
1511:History
1479:, is a
1404:Outline
933:Culture
875:Symbols
801:Economy
762:Nuncios
129:present
77:Annates
52:History
4150:Awards
4069:Villa
3794:Inside
3783:extra-
3753:Tivoli
3667:Albano
3578:Synods
3556:with
3522:Nuncio
3202:Museum
3152:under
3132:bishop
2922:Synods
2696:Mantle
2686:Ferula
2653:Travel
2400:Titles
2289:, 1929
2228:bishop
2184:bishop
2171:Papacy
2055:(1977)
2036:(1867)
2030:(1860)
2024:(1823)
2018:(1909)
2012:(1905)
2006:(1870)
2000:(1870)
1890:Orders
1850:Orders
1717:
1688:
1614:ease."
1589:Baron
1555:clergy
1519:Count
893:Anthem
579:Papacy
127:(1929–
121:(1929)
96:(1870)
67:(750s)
3743:Rieti
3713:Gaeta
3642:Ostia
3481:Italy
3474:Heads
3296:under
2954:Black
2859:Staff
2738:Tiara
2721:Shoes
2701:Mitre
2681:Fanon
2676:Falda
2487:Cross
2346:Italy
2282:Italy
2261:index
1642:1860.
1559:noble
1499:near
1409:Index
903:00120
655:(Oct)
653:1978
4100:Non-
4052:Rome
3982:Non-
3797:Rome
3618:Rome
3346:List
3325:Pope
3125:Pope
2876:list
2743:List
2641:Mass
2614:List
2538:List
2533:Bull
2502:Rota
2278:Rome
2220:Pope
2188:Rome
1715:ISBN
1686:ISBN
1551:pope
1485:pope
881:Flag
666:2013
661:2005
586:Pope
520:Dean
3301:law
3143:of
3130:as
3123:of
2276:in
2226:as
2186:of
1682:196
1539:or
1491:in
1481:lay
190:Law
4231::
3616::
2280:,
2263:,
2044:c.
1749:.
1700:^
1684:.
1638:,
1634:,
1471:A
429::
344::
131:)
35:on
3625:)
3620:,
3612:(
3569:)
3565:(
3452:)
3448:(
3308:)
3304:(
3254:"
3250:"
3099:e
3092:t
3085:v
2956:"
2952:"
2596:"
2592:"
2358:)
2354:(
2348::
2325::
2267:)
2259:(
2212:)
2208:(
2163:e
2156:t
2149:v
2049:)
2042:(
1834:e
1827:t
1820:v
1753:.
1694:.
1543:.
1531:.
1460:e
1453:t
1446:v
909:)
243:)
237:(
234:)
228:(
99:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
