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343:, which spanned 1,400 acres (570 ha). For the first few decades of its existence, "City Park" remained mostly open space; lacking trees and covered in native wildflowers, the park was home to bobcats, rattlesnakes, coyotes, and other wildlife. Numerous proposals, some altruistic, some profit-driven, were brought forward for the development and use of the land during this time. During construction of the exposition facilities in 1910, a contest was held that renamed the park after
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415:, with its historical iconography; he sketched two other buildings, provided Winslow and Allen with his photographs and drawings from examples in Spain and Mexico, and reviewed their developed designs. The original ensemble of buildings featured various stylistic and period references. Taken together, they constituted something like a recapitulated history of Spanish colonial in North America, from Renaissance Europe sources, to
585:), an arcaded enclosure often containing Spanish dancers and singers, where both the approach bridge and El Prado terminate. The California State Building and the Fine Arts Building framed the plaza, which was surrounded on three sides by exhibition halls set behind an arcade on the lower story. Those three sides, following the heavy massiveness and crude simplicity of the
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possibility of the human race, not for the exposition only, but for a permanent contribution to the world's progress." The exposition's leadership changed again in early March 1914, when
Collier encountered personal financial issues and resigned. He was replaced by Davidson, who was also joined by several new vice presidents.
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In
November 1916, Gilbert Davidson asked the Park Board for an additional three-month extension into 1917, but the expo was concluded on January 1, 1917. Events on the final day included a military parade in the Plaza de Panama, a mock military battle, and an opera ceremony at the organ pavilion. At
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proposed an exposition to commemorate the completion of the Panama Canal. San Diego's population in 1910 was 37,578, and it would be the least populated city to ever host an international exposition. In contrast, San
Francisco had a population nearly 10 times larger and would ultimately be supported
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were supposed to remain while the cleared building sites would become garden. Goodhue emphasized that "only by thus razing all of the
Temporary Buildings will San Diego enter upon the heritage that is rightfully hers". However, many of the "temporary" buildings were retained and reused for the 1935
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The groundbreaking ceremony for the site of the expo was held on July 19, 1911. To make room for the exposition planned layout, several city buildings, machine shops, and a gunpowder magazine were moved offsite. The first building to begin construction was the
Administration Building, which started
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One of the main considerations for San Diego leaders concerning the Panama–California
Exposition was transportation. At the request of John D. Spreckels and his San Diego Electric Railway Company, the park's layout design incorporated an electric railway that ran near the east gate of the park. To
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By March 1910, $ 1 million ($ 32,700,000 today) was raised for the expo by the Panama–California
Exposition Company through selling subscriptions. A bond measure later that year provided an additional $ 1 million solely for improving permanent fixtures in the park. Funding for the California State
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During the expo, Franklin D. Roosevelt, then
Assistant Secretary of the Navy, told reporters that San Diego would become a Navy port. This declaration would gradually result in multiple Navy installations in and around San Diego that continue today. Shortly after the end of the expo, the Army and
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Admission for adults was $ 0.50 ($ 15 today) and $ 0.25 ($ 8 today) for children. Based on varying sources, the opening day's attendance was between 31,836 and 42,486. By the end of the first month, daily attendance decreased, with an average number of attendees at 4,783 a day, which decreased to
694:, were available for rent by visitors. Constructed by the Los Angeles Exposition Motor Chair Company, these slow-speed transports held two to three people and were used for traveling throughout the majority of the exhibition. Electriquette replicas returned for the centennial celebration in 2015.
522:
While the west gateway was part of the Fine Arts
Building, the east gateway was designed to be the formal entrance for the California State Building. The East or State Gateway carried the California state coat-of-arms over the arch. The spandrels over the arch were filled with glazed colored tile
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styles, with large formal buildings around large symmetric spaces; San
Francisco's Panama–Pacific International Exposition was largely Beaux-Arts style. Goodhue had already experimented with Spanish Baroque in Havana, at the 1905 La Santisima Trinidad pro-cathedral, and the Hotel Colon in Panama.
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in July 1915, urging San Diego to keep the exhibition buildings permanently. Even before the end of the first year of the expo, an organization was established to determine how the temporary buildings could be developed for museum use. The exposition also led to the eventual establishment of the
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Prior to the end of 1915, plans began circulating for extending the exposition for another year. Most of the board of directors, however, were not able to continue into the new year and resigned. Funding for the 1916 addition came from Los Angeles, local businessman, proceeds from the 1915 expo,
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complex lines of mouldings and dense ornamentation. Next to the frontispiece, at one corner of the dome, rose the 200 feet (61 m) tower of the California Building, which was echoed in the less prominent turrets of the Southern California counties and the Science and Education buildings. The
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architectural styles. Collier was tasked with steering the exposition in "the proper direction," ensuring that every decision made reflected his vision of what the exposition could accomplish. Collier once stated "The purpose of the Panama–California Exposition is to illustrate the progress and
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buildings to be built in Spanish Colonial Revival Style and worked with various government agencies to have the remaining buildings declared National Historic Landmarks in 1977. In the late 1990s, the most deteriorated buildings and burned buildings were rebuilt, preserving the original style.
830:. By this point, international exhibitors from the recently closed San Francisco exhibition had arrived in San Diego, and the expo had exhibits from Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, and Switzerland. Some of these exhibitors were unable to return to Europe due to
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In the early 1960s destruction of a few of the buildings and replacement by modern, architecturally clashing buildings created an uproar in San Diego. In 1967, citizens formed A Committee of One Hundred to protect and preserve the park buildings. They convinced the City Council to require new
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Additional elements of the exposition included an aviary, rose gardens, and animal pens. Throughout the exposition grounds there were over two million plants of 1,200 different types. Peacocks and pheasants freely wandered through the fairgrounds, and pigeons were frequently fed by guests.
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The architecture of the "temporary buildings" was recognized, as Goodhue described, as "being essentially of the fabric of a dream—not to endure but to produce a merely temporary effect. It should provide, after the fashion that stage scenery provides—illusion rather than reality."
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to deny support for San Diego's exposition in exchange for pledged political support for Taft's campaign against Republicans. With no federal and little state government funding, San Diego's exposition would be on a smaller scale with fewer states and countries participating.
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midnight, the lights were turned off and pyrotechnics above the organ spelled "WORLD PEACE–1917". The total attendance for the second year was just under 1.7 million people. Over the two years a slight profit was earned over the total cost of organizing and hosting the expo.
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The City of San Diego held a major observation for the 2015 centennial of the Exposition, with numerous events and exhibits. A proposal to remove vehicle traffic and parking from the central plazas proved controversial and was eventually scrapped.
2010:
Official Guide Book of the Panama-California Exposition, Giving in Detail, Location and Description of Buildings, Exhibits and Concessions, with Floor Plans of the Buildings and Exterior Views ...: San Diego, California, January 1 to December 31,
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849:"It is so beautiful that I wish to make an earnest plea ... I hope that not only will you keep these buildings running for another year but you will keep these buildings of rare, phenomenal taste and beauty permanently."
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at the same site in 1935 was so popular that some buildings were rebuilt to be made more permanent. Many buildings (original or reconstructed) remain in use today, and are used by several museums and theaters in Balboa Park.
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The Isthmus was surrounded by concessions, amusement rides and games, a replica gem mine, an ostrich farm, and a 250-foot (76 m) replica of the Panama Canal. One of the concessions along the isthmus was a "China Town".
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4,360 by February. However, the expo made ($ 1,204,737 today) profit in its first three months. By May, the average daily attendance had increased to 5,800 and in July the total attendance had reached a million visitors.
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service the large number of people that were to attend the exposition, streetcars were built that could handle the traffic of the event as well as the growing population of San Diego. The routes ultimately spanned from
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258:. Although representatives from San Francisco urged San Diego to end its planning, San Diego pressed forward for a simultaneous exposition. Several San Franciscans persuaded both members of Congress and President
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From the start, the Cabrillo Bridge, the domed-and-towered California State Building and the low-lying Fine Arts Building were intended to be permanent additions to the park; the latter two are now part of the
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button in Washington, D.C. to open the expo by turning on the power and lights at the park. In addition, a lit balloon located 1,500 feet above the park further brightened the exposition. Guns at the nearby
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which had been raging since 1914. Additional exhibits included an ice rink, an alligator farm, and performance shows. Some of the original buildings from the prior year were repurposed for new exhibits.
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supporting an entablature, with figures symbolizing the Atlantic and Pacific oceans joining waters together, in commemoration of the opening of the Panama Canal. These figures were the work of
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The "temporary buildings" were formally and informally set on either side of the wide, tree-lined central avenue. El Prado extended along the axis of the bridge and was lined with trees and
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in November 1911 and completed in March 1912. Visitors interested in watching the ongoing construction before the exposition's official opening were charged admission of $ 0.25 ($ 8 today).
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237:, and was meant to tout San Diego as the first United States port of call for ships traveling north after passing westward through the canal. The fair was held in San Diego's large urban
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made a brief three-day appearance in November 1915. At the end of 1915, total visitors reached over two million and the expo had turned a small profit of $ 56,570 ($ 1,703,799 today).
730:. In contrast, the San Francisco Panama-Pacific Exposition featured exhibits from 22 countries and 28 U.S. states. Various countries participated in the exposition's 1916 extension.
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Goodhue and Winslow advocated a design that turned away from the more modest, indigenous, horizontally oriented Pueblo Revival and Mission Revival, towards a more ornate and urban
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The Cabrillo Bridge was built to span the canyon, and its long horizontal stretch ending in a great upright pile of fantasy buildings would be the crux of the whole composition.
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fair. Four of them were demolished and rebuilt in their original style toward the end of the 20th century; they are now called the House of Charm, the House of Hospitality,
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After the Exposition, Goodhue moved on to other national projects, while Winslow stayed on in southern California, continuing to produce his own variations of the style at
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in Los Angeles. Winslow was also instrumental in persuading the city of Santa Barbara to adopt Spanish Colonial Revival as the officially mandated civic style after its
383:. For American world's fairs, this was a novelty. The design was an intentional contrast to most previous Eastern U.S. and European expositions, which had been done in
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The Exposition left a permanent mark in Balboa Park, which had been mostly open space before the fair. Former President Theodore Roosevelt spoke to San Diegans at the
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534:-sponsored 'Painted Desert' (called "Indian Village" by guests), a 5-acre (2.0 ha), 300-person exhibit populated by seven Native American tribes including the
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897:-covered structures then in existence, contained a rare collection of tropical and semitropical plants. It is well back from the Prado behind the long pool,
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leftover funding from the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, and chambers of commerce outside of San Diego. On March 18, 1916, Secretary of the Navy
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The United States Marines, Army, and Navy were featured at the expo, with exhibits, onsite tent cities, parades, band concerts, and live mock battles.
687:, even briefly serving as a link to the U.S.–Mexico border. Today, only three of the original twenty-four Class 1 streetcars remain in existence.
468:. The location was also moved from a small hillock to a larger and more open area, most of which was intended to be reclaimed by the park as gardens.
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The temporary installations, decoration, and landscapes of Balboa Park were created with some large spaces and numerous paths, small spaces, and
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and led straight to the dramatic West Gate (or City Gate), with the city's coat-of-arms at its crown. The archway was flanked by engaged
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The exposition did not initially feature any buildings representing foreign countries, though a handful of U.S states held exhibits:
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625:. The Prado was intended to become the central path of a great and formally designed public garden. The fair's pathways, pools, and
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1416:
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1998:
1978:
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The Panama–California Exposition Company was formed in September 1909 and its board of directors was soon led by president
53:
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Near a large parking lot, the North gate led to the 'Painted Desert' and 2,500-foot (760 m) long Isthmus street. The
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would assist open-air concerts in its auditorium. The Botanical Building was completed for $ 53,400 ($ 1,624,353 today).
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1350:"Table 22. Nativity of the Population for Urban Places Ever Among the 50 Largest Urban Places Since 1870: 1850 to 1990"
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style, were without ornamentation. This contrasted with the front facade of the California State Building, 'wild' with
435:, which the Exposition popularized in the United States. Prior to the exposition, San Diego had predominately featured
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278:, was made president of the exposition. He was responsible for selecting both the location in the city park and the
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914:, which is in the form of a Spanish ship; one of the most recognizable sights in San Diego as "San Diego's Icon".
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419:, to Mexican Baroque, to the vernacular styles adopted by the Franciscan missions up the California coast. The
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The layout of the 640-acre (260 ha) expo was contained by three entrances on the west, north, and east.
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Building was provided through appropriation bills totaling $ 450,000 ($ 14,715,000 today) signed by Governor
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as their supervisory architect. With Howard unavailable, on January 27, 1911, they chose New York architect
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There were arcades by major Exposition buildings, such as this decorated one on the United States Building
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in the park, which grew out of abandoned exotic animal exhibitions from the Isthmus portion of the expo.
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233:, California, between January 1, 1915, and January 1, 1917. The exposition celebrated the opening of the
805:. The attempt to "put San Diego on the map" with national attention was successful. Even Pennsylvania's
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546:. The 'Painted Desert', which design and construction was supervised by the Southwestern archeologist
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2782:"San Diego's Balboa Park decked out to celebrate centennial of 1915 Panama-California Exposition"
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by politicians in California and Washington, D.C. for the official Panama Canal exposition, the
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1968:
935:(south side of Fine Arts Building); now the Saint Francis Chapel operated by the Museum of Us.
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2008:
1988:
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California Bell Tower, completed 1914, 198 feet (60 m) feet tall to the top of the iron
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One of the San Diego Electric Railway streetcars at 5th and Broadway in San Diego, CA (1915)
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1970:
Visualizing Orientalness: Chinese Immigration and Race in U.S. Motion Pictures, 1910s-1930s
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443:. The popularity of the expo led to more emphasis on mission architecture within the city.
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Marines temporarily used several empty expo buildings until nearby bases were completed.
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550:, had the appearance of a rock structure but was actually wire frames covered in cement.
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A Room of Their Own: The Contribution of Women to the Panama-California Exposition, 1915
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Fine Arts Building (on south side of Plaza of California), now part of the Museum of Us.
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3060:"Safeguarding the Innocent: Travelers' Aid at the Panama-California Exposition, 1915",
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Yellowface: Creating the Chinese in American Popular Music and Performance, 1850s-1920s
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331:, likewise left the project, and were replaced by fair official Frank P. Allen Jr.
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Goodhue personally designed the largest and most ornate building on the site, the
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The American Exhibition of the Products, Arts and Manufactures of Foreign Nations
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decoration would be used, with influences from the Islamic and Persian styles in
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renamed Electrical Building and lost in a 1978 arson fire, reconstructed as the
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At the beginning of the exposition, 200 small wicker motorized chairs, known as
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trolley cars winding up from the city through the southern portion of the park.
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Foreign & Domestic Building (1916); Palace of Food & Beverages (1935)
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Arts & Crafts Building (tentative); Russia & Brazil Building (1916)
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The Official Guide Book of the Panama California Exposition San Diego 1915.
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to commemorate "Exposition Dedication Day". The fair was rechristened the
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2632:"MCASD Downtown: The Gateway to the Panama-California Exposition of 1915"
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347:, the first European to cross Central America and see the Pacific Ocean.
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In 1909, San Diego's Chamber of Commerce president and local businessman
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2006:
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to assist him. By September 1911 Gill had resigned and was replaced by
3051:"The Southwest on Display at the Panama-California Exposition, 1915",
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National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Balboa Park
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2442:"How San Diego's, San Francisco's rival 1915 expositions shaped them"
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571:. The Botanical Building would protect heat-loving plants, while the
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1721:
1612:. University of California, Berkeley. June 10, 2009. Archived from
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Science of Man exhibit, Palace of Science & Photography (1935)
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Bone Rooms: From Scientific Racism to Human Prehistory in Museums.
2665:
1629:"People & Events: The Panama Pacific International Exposition"
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2918:(1st ed.). San Diego: The Union-Tribune Publishing Company.
1703:"The Spanish Colonial Revival in Southern California (1895–1930)"
711:
621:, with the front of most buildings lined with covered arcades or
393:
2978:
Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2006.
1127:
Theosophical Headquarters (1916); United Nations/House of Italy
609:
Casa de Balboa, as rebuilt in the 1980s, and the El Prado Arcade
3763:
2976:
California Vieja: Culture and Memory in a Modern American Past.
2960:
The San Diego World's Fairs and Southwestern Memory, 1880–1940.
2880:(1st ed.). Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press.
1352:. United States Census Bureau. October 31, 2011. Archived from
1105:
demolished in 1964 (exhibit inspired creation of Museum of Us)
822:
pushed a button in Washington, D.C. that sounded a gong in the
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274:. After Grant resigned in November 1911, real estate developer
241:. The park held a second Panama-California exposition in 1935.
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Bronx International Exposition of Science, Arts and Industries
1560:"Balboa Park, 1909–1911 The Rise and Fall of the Olmsted Plan"
3728:
3042:"The Making of the Panama-California Exposition, 1909–1915",
589:
392:
Some of his specific stylistic sources for San Diego are the
21:
For the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, see
2738:"Panama-California Exposition Centennial Celebration Events"
2719:"Balboa Park Centennial Exhibitions at 11 San Diego Museums"
2143:"Restored historic streetcar showcased at Trolley Barn Park"
1847:
The Architecture and the Gardens of the San Diego Exposition
1130:
designed in the spirit of Mission San Luis Rey in Oceanside
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of Goodhue's office. The original landscape architects, the
1454:"The Making of the Panama-California Exposition, 1909–1915"
894:
727:
543:
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Canadian Building (1916); Palace of Better Housing (1935)
2899:(4th ed.). San Diego: San Diego Historical Society.
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American Historical Review and Motion Picture Exposition
924:. The design was inspired by the church of San Diego in
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style of the frontispiece was repeated around the fair.
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greenhouse. This mix of influences is representative of
375:. Contrasting with bare walls, rich Mexican and Spanish
350:
5009:
California Pacific International Exposition half dollar
1809:. National Park Service. April 19, 2004. Archived from
1299:
Amero, Richard. "Chapter 1: Planning and Preparation".
769:
Attendance at the expo in 1915 totaled over two million
2581:"Jesse L. Nusbaum and the Painted Desert in San Diego"
1201:
The Exposition was the setting for a 1915 comedy film
1022:
Varied Industries & Food Products Building (1915)
879:
Buildings from the exposition still standing include:
523:
commemorating the 1769 arrival of Spain and the 1846
3215:
South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition
3174:
California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894
1063:
Pan-Pacific Building (1916) Cafe of the World (1935)
954:
Exposition Buildings later used for Military purposes
773:
Notable visitors to the expo included Vice President
3268:
National Star-Spangled Banner Centennial Celebration
5112:
Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in California
2058:"History of the California Building in Balboa Park"
1716:(2). Society of Architectural Historians: 131–147.
1635:. WGBH Educational Foundation. 2002. Archived from
581:
The focus of the fair was the Plaza de California (
4834:California Pacific International Exposition (1935)
2688:"National Historic Landmark Program – Balboa Park"
2185:"Electriquette' Returns to Service in Balboa Park"
2064:. Balboa Park Online Collaborative. Archived from
1710:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
1218:
920:, completed October 2, 1914, which now houses the
4758:House of Pacific Relations International Cottages
3188:Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition
3179:Cotton States and International Exposition (1895)
2587:(2). San Diego Historical Society. Archived from
1460:(1). San Diego Historical Society. Archived from
1272:San Diego's Balboa Park (Postcard History Series)
1081:rebuilt to exacting specification in 1996 as the
489:The Cabrillo Bridge looking towards the West Gate
423:was designed by Winslow with help from Allen and
5053:
3064:61:3&4 (Summer/Fall 2015), by Eric C. Cimino
2007:Panama-California Exposition Commission (1915).
1966:
986:(completed March 1912) now holds offices of the
1986:
1302:California Pacific Exposition San Diego 1935-36
1017:in 1935, reconstructed to be permanent in 1997
406:Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption, Oaxaca
5092:History of the West Coast of the United States
2937:(1st ed.). Norfolk: The Donning Company.
634:, and Casa de Balboa, and are included in the
4651:
3405:
3089:
2572:
2537:
1664:Americans and the California dream, 1850–1915
1110:Southern California Counties Building (1915)
496:The East Gateway was approached by drive and
3154:North, Central and South American Exposition
3069:Panama-California Exposition Digital Archive
1344:
1342:
741:At midnight on December 31, 1914, President
5020:Fatty and Mabel at the San Diego Exposition
3336:Greater Texas & Pan-American Exposition
3321:California Pacific International Exposition
3024:Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2016.
2758:"Guide: Balboa Park Centennial Celebration"
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2517:
2515:
2469:
2467:
2408:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2380:
1953:
1951:
1865:. Los Angeles: Rosebud Books. p. 129.
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1757:. University of Arizona Press. p. 13.
1589:. San Francisco City Guides. Archived from
1551:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1225:California Pacific International Exposition
1204:Fatty and Mabel at the San Diego Exposition
1116:burned down in 1925, replaced in 1933 with
507:'s entrance was marked with blooming giant
5117:Spanish Revival architecture in California
5102:Mission Revival architecture in California
4658:
4644:
3412:
3398:
3326:Texas Centennial Central Exposition (1936)
3276:Negro Historical and Industrial Exposition
3096:
3082:
2717:Deery, Danielle Susalla (August 7, 2015).
2370:
2368:
2366:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2265:
2263:
2235:
2233:
2170:
2168:
2109:
2107:
1973:. Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. p. 127.
1932:
1930:
1884:
1882:
1854:
994:Commerce & Industries Building (1915)
828:Panama–California International Exposition
36:
3125:Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations
2894:
2440:Reynolds, Christopher (January 3, 2015).
1393:
1391:
1389:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1328:
244:
2524:
2512:
2464:
2439:
2424:
2415:
2403:
2391:
2377:
2212:
2079:
1993:. Rutgers University Press. p. 82.
1948:
1939:
1850:. San Francisco: Paul Elder and Company.
1828:
1656:
1654:
1515:
1440:
1269:
1248:
1188:
1099:Science & Education Building (1915)
949:
941:
881:
764:
649:
604:
484:
354:
302:
5087:History of San Diego County, California
4998:Barnes-Wallace v. Boy Scouts of America
3272:Panama–Pacific International Exposition
3046:36:1 (Winter 1990), by Richard W. Amero
2913:
2841:
2810:
2779:
2503:
2494:
2452:from the original on September 10, 2024
2363:
2336:
2320:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2260:
2242:
2230:
2221:
2165:
2125:
2116:
2104:
2080:Michelle, Tom Grimm (October 7, 1979).
2018:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1879:
1860:
1843:
1771:from the original on September 10, 2024
1750:
1700:
1533:
1524:
1506:
1409:"California Tower may open to visitors"
1406:
1174:Santa Fe Depot Baggage Building (1915)
893:Botanical Building, one of the largest
758:also were fired to signal the opening.
557:
256:Panama–Pacific International Exposition
213:Panama–Pacific International Exposition
23:Panama–Pacific International Exposition
16:Exposition in California, United States
5054:
3170:World's Fair Prize Winners' Exposition
2962:University of New Mexico Press, 2005.
2680:
2578:
2140:
1557:
1431:
1400:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1325:
600:
311:Fair officials first sought architect
4639:
3419:
3393:
3225:Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition
3077:
3055:36:4 (Fall 1990), by Richard W. Amero
2932:
2875:
2813:"Plaza plan for Balboa Park unveiled"
2755:
2716:
2551:from the original on October 30, 2019
2014:. National views Company. p. 39.
1660:
1651:
1587:"San Francisco's Finest World's Fair"
1542:
1451:
433:Spanish Colonial Revival architecture
367:A glimpse of the San Diego Exposition
351:Spanish Colonial Revival architecture
42:Cover art for the official guide book
3432:Bureau International des Expositions
3349:Golden Gate International Exposition
2636:Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego
1807:National Register of Historic Places
1407:Showley, Roger (November 12, 2012).
1182:Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego
636:National Register of Historic Places
565:National Register of Historic Places
91:Panama–California Exposition Company
4920:Veterans Museum and Memorial Center
4829:Panama-California Exposition (1915)
4608: Postponed to 2021 due to the
4314:British Empire Exhibition 1924–1925
3260:International Mercantile Exposition
2878:Balboa Park and the 1915 Exposition
2842:Showley, Roger (February 5, 2013).
2780:Richard, Terry (February 4, 2015).
1667:. Oxford University Press. p.
1089:San Joaquin Valley Building (1915)
13:
3197:California's Golden Jubilee (1898)
2952:
2811:Showley, Roger (August 31, 2010).
2792:from the original on July 11, 2015
2768:from the original on March 3, 2017
2744:from the original on March 3, 2017
2740:. Save Our Heritage Organization.
2725:from the original on March 3, 2017
2141:Hurley, Morgan M. (June 8, 2012).
1967:Björn A. Schmidt (November 2016).
1739:from the original on March 3, 2016
1135:Sacramento Valley Building (1915)
402:Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral
334:
14:
5143:
3035:
2191:from the original on May 30, 2023
1863:San Diego: An Illustrated History
1844:Winslow, Carleton Monroe (1916).
1800:"Santa Barbara County Courthouse"
1661:Starr, Kevin (December 4, 1986).
1584:
1452:Amero, Richard A. (Winter 1990).
1298:
1164:Washington State Building (1915)
1046:New Mexico State Building (1915)
697:
645:
4905:San Diego Natural History Museum
4870:San Diego Air & Space Museum
4618:
3264:National Conservation Exposition
3062:The Journal of San Diego History
3053:The Journal of San Diego History
3044:The Journal of San Diego History
3008:The Journal of San Diego History
2039:Balboa Park Online Collaborative
1564:The Journal of San Diego History
1253:Detailed map of the expo in 1915
1118:San Diego Natural History Museum
4895:San Diego Model Railroad Museum
4665:
4365:Bryant Park, New York City 1853
3379:1984 Louisiana World Exposition
3245:Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition
3241:International Mining Exposition
3135:International Cotton Exposition
2844:"Jacobs exits Balboa Park plan"
2835:
2804:
2756:Quach, Hoa (January 31, 2015).
2710:
2650:
2624:
2563:Accompanying 18 photos, undated
2538:Carolyn Pitts (July 19, 1977),
2485:
2476:
2433:
2354:
2345:
2251:
2203:
2177:
2134:
2027:
1960:
1792:
1783:
1694:
1685:
1578:
1558:Montes, Gregory (Winter 1982).
1497:
1219:Later exposition and rebuilding
980:Administration Building (1915)
471:
5031:Naval Medical Center San Diego
4910:Reuben H. Fleet Science Center
3279:Lincoln Jubilee and Exposition
2935:San Diego: A Pictorial History
2082:"Growing Years of Balboa Park"
1292:
1263:
1138:United States Building (1916)
1036:Montana State Building (1915)
962:(dedicated December 31, 1914).
1:
5122:Festivals established in 1915
3220:Louisiana Purchase Exposition
3162:International Industrial Fair
2041:. Balboa Park. Archived from
1257:
1235:
1124:Kansas State Building (1915)
1060:Home Economy Building (1915)
1008:Foreign Arts Building (1915)
983:Gill Administration Building
801:, and automobile businessman
3309:Pacific Southwest Exposition
3301:California's Diamond Jubilee
3283:Panama–California Exposition
3238:World's Pure Food Exposition
3193:Trans-Mississippi Exposition
3166:World's Columbian Exposition
2914:Pourade, Richard F. (1965).
2895:Christman, Florence (1985).
2721:. San Diego Museum Council.
2579:Adkins, Lynn (Spring 1983).
2187:. San Diego History Center.
1075:Indian Arts Building (1915)
812:
381:Moorish Revival architecture
223:Panama–California Exposition
67:Panama–California Exposition
7:
5107:Pueblo Revival architecture
5067:World's fairs in California
4885:San Diego Hall of Champions
4880:San Diego Automotive Museum
4860:Museum of Photographic Arts
4855:Mingei International Museum
4773:Morley Field Sports Complex
3305:Sesquicentennial Exposition
3230:Irish Industrial Exposition
1754:Hispanic Arizona, 1536–1856
1155:later used by military and
1049:Palace of Education (1935)
965:
339:The exposition was held in
10:
5148:
5014:California State Route 163
4850:Centro Cultural de la Raza
4798:Spanish Village Art Center
4763:Japanese Friendship Garden
3359:1964 New York World's Fair
3344:1939 New York World's Fair
3206:National Export Exposition
3201:Greater America Exposition
3010:, 61, no. 1 (Winter 2015).
2992:Arcadia Publishing, 2007,
2933:Starr, Raymond G. (1986).
2897:The Romance of Balboa Park
2876:Amero, Richard W. (2013).
1751:Officer, James E. (1990).
1606:"Hard Times, High Visions"
1028:1971 reconstruction named
933:St. Francis of Assisi
907:(completed April 12, 1914)
736:
498:San Diego Electric Railway
20:
5097:Bertram Goodhue buildings
5077:1916 in the United States
5072:1915 in the United States
5041:Zoro Garden Nudist Colony
4989:
4951:William Templeton Johnson
4928:
4842:
4821:
4675:
4604:
4564:
4493:
4352:
4111:
4043:
4012:
4003:
3876:
3677:
3571:
3441:
3427:
3312:Yorktown Sesquicentennial
3250:Hudson–Fulton Celebration
3115:
2547:, National Park Service,
1193:California State Building
918:California State Building
842:
480:
450:in La Jolla and the 1926
298:
208:
203:
198:
187:January 1, 1917
183:
172:January 1, 1915
168:
163:
126:
116:
108:
100:
95:
87:
79:
71:
63:
52:
47:
35:
30:
4890:San Diego History Center
4698:Ballet Folklorico Aztlan
2990:San Diego's Balboa Park.
2662:Committee of One Hundred
2062:San Diego History Center
1987:Krystyn R. Moon (2005).
1307:San Diego History Center
1270:Marshall, David (2007).
972:Later or alternate name
960:Spreckels Organ Pavilion
946:Spreckels Organ pavilion
869:Spreckels Organ Pavilion
860:Spreckels Organ Pavilion
573:Spreckels Organ Pavilion
527:Convention at Monterey.
5062:Balboa Park (San Diego)
4900:San Diego Museum of Art
4875:San Diego Art Institute
4743:George W. Marston House
4485:New York City 1964–1965
4475:San Francisco 1939–1940
4360:New York City 1826–1897
3292:California Liberty Fair
3210:Pan-American Exposition
3150:World Cotton Centennial
3120:American Institute Fair
2257:Christman (1985), p. 45
2209:Christman (1985), p. 46
1701:Gebhard, David (1967).
1548:Christman (1985), p. 16
1503:Christman (1985), p. 43
1177:Jacobs Building (2007)
1143:San Diego Museum of Art
899:La Laguna de Las Flores
887:La Laguna de Las Flores
745:ceremoniously pushed a
276:"Colonel" D. C. Collier
251:Gilbert Aubrey Davidson
199:Specialized expositions
75:640 acres (260 ha)
59:Unrecognized exposition
4035:Johannesburg 1936–1937
3331:Great Lakes Exposition
3257:Admission Day Festival
2612:Cite journal requires
2500:Pourade (1965), p. 218
2374:Pourade (1965), p. 199
2342:Pourade (1965), p. 194
2333:Pourade (1965), p. 197
2305:Pourade (1965), p. 195
2296:Pourade (1965), p. 193
2269:Pourade (1965), p. 183
2113:Pourade (1965), p. 198
1485:Cite journal requires
1397:Pourade (1965), p. 186
1254:
1244:
1194:
1150:Painted Desert (1915)
1070:built on site in 1965
955:
947:
889:
851:
779:William Jennings Bryan
770:
655:
610:
490:
452:Carthay Circle Theatre
439:with some elements of
437:Victorian architecture
368:
308:
245:Proposal and formation
148:32.73139°N 117.15028°W
5036:San Diego High School
4713:California Quadrangle
4420:Portland, Oregon 1905
4076:Taihoku (Taipei) 1935
3354:Century 21 Exposition
3130:Centennial Exposition
3105:List of world's fairs
2988:Marshall, David AIA.
2692:National Park Service
2491:Showley (2000), p. 94
2147:San Diego Uptown News
1861:Brandes, Ray (1981).
1313:on September 22, 2012
1252:
1192:
1159:; demolished in 1946
953:
945:
885:
847:
787:Franklin D. Roosevelt
785:and future President
783:Secretary of the Navy
777:, Secretary of State
768:
754:and on Navy ships in
653:
608:
583:California Quadrangle
569:California Quadrangle
488:
366:
345:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
306:
4915:Timken Museum of Art
4768:Moreton Bay Fig Tree
4753:House of Hospitality
4703:Bea Evenson Fountain
4556:Wellington 1939–1940
4415:Charleston 1901–1902
4375:Louisville 1883–1887
4096:Chiang Mai 2011–2012
3963:Chiang Mai 2006–2007
3234:Jamestown Exposition
3181:(Atlanta Exposition)
2958:Bokovoy, Matthew R.
2854:on November 28, 2014
2823:on November 29, 2014
2698:on December 13, 2010
2591:on November 29, 2014
2521:Amero (2013), p. 139
2482:Amero (2013), p. 127
2473:Amero (2013), p. 116
2430:Amero (2013), p. 114
2421:Amero (2013), p. 117
2412:Amero (2013), p. 108
2400:Amero (2013), p. 106
2388:Amero (2013), p. 133
2360:Starr (1986), p. 128
2351:Amero (2013), p. 101
2218:Amero (2013), p. 148
2153:on November 29, 2014
2068:on November 22, 2014
2045:on November 22, 2014
1957:Starr (1986), p. 129
1945:Amero (2013), p. 165
1789:Starr (1986), p. 127
1639:on November 22, 2014
1616:on November 22, 2014
1593:on November 22, 2014
1521:Amero (2013), p. 222
1356:on November 29, 2014
1068:Timken Museum of Art
1015:House Of Hospitality
1013:altered and renamed
789:, former presidents
558:Permanent structures
525:State Constitutional
268:Ulysses S. Grant Jr.
153:32.73139; -117.15028
5026:Municipal Gymnasium
4788:San Diego Velodrome
4688:Balboa Park Gardens
4592:Rio de Janeiro 1922
4465:Cleveland 1936–1937
4455:San Diego 1935–1936
4440:San Diego 1915–1917
4030:Kimberley 1892–1893
3953:Haarlemmermeer 2002
3598:Port-au-Prince 1949
3316:Century of Progress
3158:Piedmont Exposition
3145:Southern Exposition
2668:on October 25, 2014
2509:Amero (2013), p. 99
2317:Amero (2013), p. 85
2287:Amero (2013), p. 54
2278:Amero (2013), p. 53
2248:Amero (2013), p. 71
2239:Amero (2013), p. 62
2227:Amero (2013), p. 49
2174:Amero (2013), p. 56
2131:Amero (2013), p. 51
2122:Amero (2013), p. 27
2024:Amero (2013), p. 47
1936:Amero (2013), p. 60
1924:Amero (2013), p. 48
1915:Amero (2013), p. 57
1906:Amero (2013), p. 50
1897:Amero (2013), p. 36
1888:Amero (2013), p. 35
1816:on December 8, 2014
1691:Amero (2013), p. 46
1633:American Experience
1570:(1). Archived from
1539:Amero (2013), p. 19
1530:Amero (2013), p. 39
1512:Amero (2013), p. 34
1437:Amero (2013), p. 26
1383:Amero (2013), p. 17
1374:Amero (2013), p. 16
1336:Amero (2013), p. 13
791:William Howard Taft
601:Temporary buildings
503:From the west, the
448:the Bishop's School
429:Spanish Renaissance
413:California Building
270:and vice president
260:William Howard Taft
144: /
31:1915–1916 San Diego
5082:1910s in San Diego
4708:Botanical Building
4546:Auckland 1913–1914
4390:San Francisco 1894
4051:Calcutta 1883–1884
3881:exhibitions (AIPH)
3593:New York 1939–1940
3548:San Francisco 1915
3020:Redman, Samuel J.
1276:Arcadia Publishing
1255:
1195:
956:
948:
890:
858:, speaking at the
856:Theodore Roosevelt
795:Theodore Roosevelt
775:Thomas R. Marshall
771:
656:
611:
587:California mission
491:
427:in the style of a
421:Botanical Building
369:
309:
295:in 1911 and 1913.
5049:
5048:
4778:Old Globe Theatre
4633:
4632:
4610:COVID-19 pandemic
4600:
4599:
4587:Buenos Aires 1910
4541:Christchurch 1906
4450:Philadelphia 1926
3860:Buenos Aires 2023
3478:Philadelphia 1876
3421:World exhibitions
3387:
3386:
3374:1982 World's Fair
3340:Pan American Fair
3298:French Exposition
3030:978-0-674-66041-0
3002:McClain, Molly. "
2998:978-0-7385-4754-1
2974:Kropp, Phoebe S.
2887:978-1-62619-345-1
2446:Los Angeles Times
2092:on April 11, 2013
2086:Los Angeles Times
2000:978-0-8135-3507-4
1980:978-3-412-50532-5
1764:978-0-8165-1152-5
1285:978-0-7385-4754-1
1187:
1186:
1113:Civic Auditorium
398:Seville Cathedral
364:
313:John Galen Howard
272:John D. Spreckels
219:
218:
5139:
4981:Carleton Winslow
4733:El Prado Complex
4669:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4637:
4636:
4625:World portal
4623:
4622:
4380:New Orleans 1884
4144:London 1871–1874
4010:
4009:
3799:New Orleans 1984
3769:San Antonio 1968
3744:Helsingborg 1955
3414:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3254:Portolá Festival
3098:
3091:
3084:
3075:
3074:
2948:
2929:
2910:
2891:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2850:. Archived from
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2819:. Archived from
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2694:. Archived from
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2664:. Archived from
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2638:. April 14, 2015
2628:
2622:
2621:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2546:
2535:
2522:
2519:
2510:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2401:
2398:
2389:
2386:
2375:
2372:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2318:
2315:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2228:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2149:. Archived from
2138:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2088:. Archived from
2077:
2075:
2073:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2004:
1984:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1804:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1610:Bancroft Library
1602:
1600:
1598:
1585:Smith, James R.
1582:
1576:
1575:
1574:on June 4, 2011.
1555:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1464:on July 22, 2014
1449:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1415:. Archived from
1404:
1398:
1395:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1346:
1337:
1334:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1309:. Archived from
1296:
1290:
1289:
1267:
1054:Balboa Park Club
969:Exposition name
966:
863:
862:on July 27, 1915
820:Josephus Daniels
640:El Prado Complex
548:Jesse L. Nusbaum
532:Santa Fe Railway
517:Furio Piccirilli
441:classical styles
425:Thomas B. Hunter
417:Spanish colonial
365:
329:Olmsted Brothers
325:Carleton Winslow
227:world exposition
194:
192:
179:
177:
159:
158:
156:
155:
154:
149:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:
40:
28:
27:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5004:Cabrillo Bridge
4985:
4971:Salvador Torres
4936:Bertram Goodhue
4924:
4838:
4817:
4783:Plaza de Panama
4671:
4667:
4664:
4634:
4629:
4617:
4614: Cancelled
4596:
4560:
4489:
4348:
4309:Gothenburg 1923
4289:Kristiania 1914
4174:Copenhagen 1888
4129:Manchester 1857
4107:
4102:Udon Thani 2026
4039:
4005:
3999:
3938:Zoetermeer 1992
3880:
3878:
3872:
3749:Beit Dagan 1956
3681:
3679:
3673:
3575:
3573:
3567:
3445:
3443:
3437:
3423:
3418:
3388:
3383:
3111:
3102:
3038:
2955:
2953:Further reading
2945:
2926:
2916:Gold in the Sun
2907:
2888:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2778:
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2754:
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2736:
2735:
2728:
2726:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2686:
2685:
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2671:
2669:
2656:
2655:
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2641:
2639:
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2613:
2611:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2592:
2577:
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2568:(6.37 MB)
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1465:
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1441:
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1432:
1422:
1420:
1419:on May 27, 2024
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1314:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1247:
1238:
1221:
1209:Roscoe Arbuckle
905:Cabrillo Bridge
865:
853:
845:
824:Plaza de Panama
815:
739:
700:
648:
603:
594:Churrigueresque
560:
505:Cabrillo Bridge
483:
474:
466:Spanish gardens
456:1925 earthquake
377:Churrigueresque
373:Spanish Baroque
355:
353:
337:
335:Exposition site
317:Bertram Goodhue
301:
284:Mission Revival
247:
215:(San Francisco)
190:
188:
175:
173:
152:
150:
146:
143:
138:
135:
133:
131:
130:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5145:
5135:
5134:
5132:1916 festivals
5129:
5127:1915 festivals
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
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5079:
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5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4976:A.R. Valentien
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4956:Samuel Parsons
4953:
4948:
4943:
4941:George Marston
4938:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4808:Starlight Bowl
4805:
4803:Organ Pavilion
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4748:House of Charm
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4723:Casa del Prado
4720:
4718:Casa de Balboa
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4693:Balboa Stadium
4690:
4685:
4683:Alcazar Garden
4679:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4663:
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4655:
4648:
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4574:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Melbourne 1888
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4511:Melbourne 1875
4508:
4503:
4501:Melbourne 1866
4497:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4435:Knoxville 1913
4432:
4427:
4425:Jamestown 1907
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4400:Nashville 1897
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4344:Stockholm 1943
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4324:Stockholm 1930
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4304:Marseille 1922
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4234:Marseille 1906
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4209:Stockholm 1897
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4184:Frankfurt 1891
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4164:Liverpool 1886
4161:
4159:Amsterdam 1883
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4139:Stockholm 1866
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4025:Cape Town 1877
4022:
4016:
4014:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3943:Stuttgart 1993
3940:
3935:
3930:
3928:Liverpool 1984
3925:
3920:
3918:Amsterdam 1982
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3898:Amsterdam 1972
3895:
3890:
3888:Rotterdam 1960
3884:
3882:
3877:BIE-recognized
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3814:Vancouver 1986
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3794:Knoxville 1982
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3724:Jerusalem 1953
3721:
3716:
3711:
3709:Stockholm 1949
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3689:Stockholm 1936
3685:
3683:
3678:BIE-recognized
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3572:BIE-recognized
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3553:Barcelona 1929
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3518:St. Louis 1904
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3493:Barcelona 1888
3490:
3488:Melbourne 1880
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3439:
3438:
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3100:
3093:
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3078:
3072:
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3057:
3048:
3037:
3036:External links
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3000:
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2950:
2949:
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2709:
2679:
2649:
2623:
2614:|journal=
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2017:
1999:
1979:
1959:
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1938:
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1917:
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1899:
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1871:
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1722:10.2307/988417
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1085:
1083:House of Charm
1079:
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1057:
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1050:
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1030:Casa del Prado
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1005:
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1002:Casa de Balboa
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902:
846:
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814:
811:
752:Fort Rosecrans
743:Woodrow Wilson
738:
735:
699:
698:Other features
696:
692:electriquettes
647:
646:Transportation
644:
632:Casa del Prado
602:
599:
559:
556:
509:century plants
482:
479:
473:
470:
352:
349:
336:
333:
319:and appointed
300:
297:
280:Pueblo Revival
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4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:Kate Sessions
4964:
4962:
4961:Richard Requa
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4946:Ephraim Morse
4944:
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4793:San Diego Zoo
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4738:Ford Building
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4728:Electriquette
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4577:Santiago 1875
4575:
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4565:South America
4563:
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4552:
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4547:
4544:
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4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4526:Adelaide 1887
4524:
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4516:Brisbane 1876
4514:
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4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:North America
4351:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4249:Zaragoza 1908
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4091:Shenyang 2006
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4071:Hangzhou 1929
4069:
4067:
4066:Semarang 1914
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4020:Freetown 1865
4018:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3994:Yokohama 2027
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:Montreal 1980
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3879:horticultural
3875:
3869:
3868:
3867:Belgrade 2027
3864:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3844:Zaragoza 2008
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:Brisbane 1988
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:Budapest 1971
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:Helsinki 1938
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3645:Shanghai 2010
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:Hannover 2000
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3613:Montreal 1967
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:Brussels 1958
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:Brussels 1935
3581:
3580:
3578:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:Brussels 1910
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3508:Brussels 1897
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3442:Retroactively
3440:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:HemisFair '68
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3109:United States
3106:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2984:0-520-24364-1
2981:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:0-8263-3642-6
2965:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2946:
2944:0-89865-484-X
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2925:0-913938-04-1
2921:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2906:0-918740-03-7
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2853:
2849:
2848:U-T San Diego
2845:
2838:
2822:
2818:
2817:U-T San Diego
2814:
2807:
2791:
2787:
2786:The Oregonian
2783:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2743:
2739:
2724:
2720:
2713:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2619:
2606:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2550:
2543:
2542:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2234:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2171:
2169:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2021:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1872:0-86558-006-5
1868:
1864:
1857:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1795:
1786:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1680:
1678:0-19-504233-6
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1657:
1655:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1492:
1479:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1434:
1418:
1414:
1413:U-T San Diego
1410:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1380:
1371:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1262:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1213:Mabel Normand
1210:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
993:
992:
989:
985:
982:
979:
978:
974:
971:
968:
967:
961:
958:
957:
952:
944:
937:
934:
930:
927:
923:
919:
916:
913:
909:
906:
903:
900:
896:
892:
891:
888:
884:
880:
877:
875:
874:San Diego Zoo
870:
864:
861:
857:
850:
840:
836:
833:
829:
825:
821:
810:
808:
804:
800:
799:Thomas Edison
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
767:
763:
759:
757:
756:San Diego Bay
753:
748:
744:
734:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
695:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:Mission Hills
666:
662:
652:
643:
641:
637:
633:
628:
624:
620:
615:
607:
598:
595:
591:
588:
584:
579:
576:
574:
570:
566:
555:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
494:
487:
478:
469:
467:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Giralda Tower
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
348:
346:
342:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
305:
296:
294:
293:Hiram Johnson
288:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
261:
257:
252:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
214:
211:
207:
202:
197:
186:
182:
171:
167:
162:
157:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
104:United States
103:
99:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
51:
46:
39:
34:
29:
24:
19:
5018:
4996:
4865:Museum of Us
4828:
4551:Dunedin 1925
4536:Dunedin 1889
4480:Chicago 1940
4439:
4430:Seattle 1909
4410:Buffalo 1901
4395:Atlanta 1895
4385:Atlanta 1887
4370:Atlanta 1881
4339:Glasgow 1938
4319:Antwerp 1930
4279:Cologne 1914
4259:Dresden 1911
4214:Glasgow 1901
4179:Glasgow 1888
4100:
4061:Nanking 1910
3992:
3978:Beijing 2019
3973:Antalya 2016
3958:Rostock 2003
3948:Kunming 1999
3903:Hamburg 1973
3865:
3858:
3824:Plovdiv 1991
3809:Tsukuba 1985
3804:Plovdiv 1985
3789:Plovdiv 1981
3784:Okinawa 1975
3779:Spokane 1974
3666:
3659:
3630:Seville 1992
3624:Chicago 1992
3622:
3608:Seattle 1962
3563:Chicago 1933
3558:Seville 1929
3503:Chicago 1893
3282:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2989:
2975:
2959:
2934:
2915:
2896:
2877:
2870:Bibliography
2858:November 22,
2856:. Retrieved
2852:the original
2847:
2837:
2827:November 22,
2825:. Retrieved
2821:the original
2816:
2806:
2794:. Retrieved
2785:
2770:. Retrieved
2761:
2746:. Retrieved
2727:. Retrieved
2712:
2702:December 14,
2700:. Retrieved
2696:the original
2682:
2672:November 22,
2670:. Retrieved
2666:the original
2661:
2652:
2640:. Retrieved
2635:
2626:
2605:cite journal
2593:. Retrieved
2589:the original
2584:
2574:
2562:
2553:, retrieved
2540:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2454:. Retrieved
2445:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2253:
2244:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2193:. Retrieved
2179:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:the original
2146:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2094:. Retrieved
2090:the original
2085:
2072:November 22,
2070:. Retrieved
2066:the original
2061:
2049:November 22,
2047:. Retrieved
2043:the original
2038:
2029:
2020:
2009:
1989:
1969:
1962:
1941:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1862:
1856:
1846:
1820:November 22,
1818:. Retrieved
1811:the original
1806:
1794:
1785:
1775:November 22,
1773:. Retrieved
1753:
1743:November 22,
1741:. Retrieved
1713:
1709:
1696:
1687:
1663:
1643:November 22,
1641:. Retrieved
1637:the original
1632:
1620:November 22,
1618:. Retrieved
1614:the original
1609:
1597:November 22,
1595:. Retrieved
1591:the original
1580:
1572:the original
1567:
1563:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1478:cite journal
1466:. Retrieved
1462:the original
1457:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1412:
1402:
1379:
1370:
1360:November 16,
1358:. Retrieved
1354:the original
1315:. Retrieved
1311:the original
1301:
1294:
1271:
1265:
1239:
1230:
1222:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1180:now used by
1141:replaced by
1066:demolished;
1052:now used by
988:Museum of Us
922:Museum of Us
898:
886:
878:
866:
852:
848:
837:
827:
816:
807:Liberty Bell
772:
760:
740:
732:
705:
701:
689:
657:
627:watercourses
622:
619:streetlights
616:
612:
580:
577:
561:
552:
529:
521:
513:Doric orders
502:
495:
492:
475:
472:Construction
460:
445:
410:
385:neoclassical
370:
338:
310:
289:
265:
248:
235:Panama Canal
222:
220:
204:Simultaneous
88:Organized by
18:
4822:Expositions
4813:Zoro Garden
4676:Attractions
4668:Balboa Park
4521:Sydney 1879
4506:Sydney 1870
4470:Dallas 1937
4460:Dallas 1936
4299:London 1921
4284:London 1914
4269:London 1912
4264:London 1911
4254:London 1910
4244:London 1908
4239:Dublin 1907
4229:London 1906
4224:London 1905
4204:Berlin 1896
4199:Oporto 1894
4189:Prague 1891
4169:London 1886
4154:Vienna 1873
4124:Dublin 1853
4119:London 1760
4081:Nagoya 1937
3983:Almere 2022
3923:Munich 1983
3908:Vienna 1974
3854:Astana 2017
3839:Lisbon 1998
3834:Taejŏn 1993
3764:Munich 1965
3754:Berlin 1957
3734:Naples 1954
3682:expositions
3680:specialized
3668:Riyadh 2030
3576:expositions
3473:Vienna 1873
3463:London 1862
3453:London 1851
3446:expositions
2642:January 24,
1169:demolished
1094:demolished
1041:demolished
912:weathervane
832:World War I
797:, inventor
681:Golden Hill
661:Ocean Beach
341:Balboa Park
321:Irving Gill
239:Balboa Park
151: /
139:117°09′01″W
127:Coordinates
121:Balboa Park
5056:Categories
4582:Quito 1909
4445:Bronx 1918
4405:Omaha 1898
4334:Porto 1934
4329:Paris 1931
4294:Malmö 1914
4134:Porto 1865
4086:Clark 1998
4056:Hanoi 1902
4006:recognized
3968:Venlo 2012
3933:Osaka 1990
3893:Paris 1969
3849:Yeosu 2012
3829:Genoa 1992
3759:Turin 1961
3739:Turin 1955
3719:Lille 1951
3704:Paris 1947
3699:Liège 1939
3661:Osaka 2025
3655:Dubai 2020
3650:Milan 2015
3640:Aichi 2005
3618:Osaka 1970
3588:Paris 1937
3543:Ghent 1913
3538:Turin 1911
3528:Milan 1906
3523:Liège 1905
3513:Paris 1900
3498:Paris 1889
3483:Paris 1878
3468:Paris 1867
3458:Paris 1855
3444:recognized
3184:Irish Fair
2658:"About Us"
2595:January 3,
1258:References
1236:Centennial
1157:Boy Scouts
931:Chapel of
926:Guanajuato
803:Henry Ford
724:Washington
720:New Mexico
685:Kensington
677:North Park
663:, through
404:, and the
389:Beaux-Arts
191:1917-01-01
176:1915-01-01
136:32°43′53″N
4572:Lima 1872
4274:Lyon 1914
4219:Cork 1902
4194:Lyon 1894
4149:Lyon 1872
3988:Doha 2023
3729:Rome 1953
3714:Lyon 1949
3574:Universal
2035:"History"
1317:March 24,
1207:starring
928:, Mexico.
813:Extension
747:telegraph
463:courtyard
231:San Diego
112:San Diego
83:3,747,916
4004:Not BIE-
3369:Expo '74
2796:March 2,
2790:Archived
2772:March 2,
2766:Archived
2748:March 2,
2742:Archived
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2549:archived
2450:Archived
2189:Archived
2157:June 18,
1769:Archived
1734:Archived
1468:June 28,
1423:June 28,
1145:in 1926
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665:Downtown
638:-listed
623:portales
567:-listed
229:held in
164:Timeline
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4494:Oceania
3107:in the
2195:May 30,
2096:July 7,
737:Opening
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843:Legacy
726:, and
716:Nevada
708:Kansas
683:, and
542:, and
540:Navajo
536:Apache
481:Layout
400:, the
299:Design
225:was a
56:-class
3434:(BIE)
2545:(PDF)
1814:(PDF)
1803:(PDF)
1737:(PDF)
1726:JSTOR
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2994:ISBN
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2882:ISBN
2860:2014
2829:2014
2798:2017
2774:2017
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2750:2017
2731:2017
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2644:2022
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2597:2015
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2458:2017
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1995:ISBN
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1867:ISBN
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