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were established in 1947 and in 1953 expanded to 33 304 ha (333 km), making it the biggest Soviet military polygon in
Estonia. Still, the Soviet Army damaged only about 10% of the proving grounds' territory, leaving the rest intact. Due to unsuitability for agriculture (poor and/or badly drained
228:
were interested to begin reusing some areas of the former polygon now situated on the nature reserve's territory. However, due to strong opposition by local people and conservationists, the idea was given up. In 2001, Estonian
Defence Forces
316:
In addition to the lakes, the three biggest bogs (Koitjärve, Kõnnu
Suursoo and Võhma bogs), which cover about half of the territory, have developed extensive ridges of small bog ponds, which can be counted in hundreds.
325:
A number of rare or endangered species can be found in Põhja-Kõrvemaa, which is one of the main reasons behind the area's status as a nature reserve. It is home to large predators such as
700:
600:
164:, which itself forms the northern part of Transitional Estonia, a large forested and sparsely populated area spanning in northeast–southwest direction through Estonia, from
73:
309:
There are more than 30 lakes in Põhja-Kõrvemaa. Most of the lakes are small, situated either in bogs (Kivijärv, Koitjärv, Venejärv and others) or between kames.
828:
302:, which form steep-sided ridges of very complex relief that extend to a number of kilometers and are up to 25 m high. Along with eskers there are several
549:
Aviators
Boulder in Põhja-Kõrvemaa (estonian)(site is for the memorial of the Estonian Air Force officers who are killed by NKVD officers in near-by site)
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493:) and in the west by Jägala-Aegviidu-Käravete secondary road. The nature reserve itself has also a considerable amount of gravel and dirt roads.
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1920:
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endured until the beginning of the 1990s, but are now disappeared, as in most of
Estonia. Protected bird species include
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fields — areas covered with hillocks consisting of sand and gravel. Jussi kame field is the best known in Põhja-Kõrvemaa.
1895:
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was around 1 people per km – but still a few hundred people were displaced together with the creation of proving ground.
1900:
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is a group of 6 lakes (spanning from 2 to 20 hectares in area) situated in the eastern part of the Jussi kame field.
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The region is richest in
Estonia in ice marginal formations. The most remarkable relief forms of the region are
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508:-Aegviidu trail, which crosses the nature reserve from north to south, and also continues to the north in
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and general good accessibility - in the north the nature reserve is bordered by the
Tallinn-Narva highway (
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At summer weekends, up to 700 people visit Põhja-Kõrvemaa daily, most of whom drive from
Tallinn.
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polygon, which had been hidden behind the official name of Pavlov Forest
District. In the 1990s,
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213:) the whole region has always been very sparsely populated – in the beginning of the 1950s the
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295:. Forests cover about 40% of the nature reserve's territory and man-made open areas only 10%.
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Põhja-Kõrvemaa is one of the most visited protected areas in
Estonia due to the closeness of
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Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve was established in the end of 1991, a few months after Estonia
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574:"Põhja-Kõrvemaa looduskaitseala kaitse-eeskiri (Charter of Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve)"
8:
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40:
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and official status changed back to nature reserve. Since 2004 it is part of the
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is the natural divide between the current proving ground and the nature reserve.
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was established in the eastern part of the former Soviet military polygon. The
230:
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205:
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1889:
701:"Competing Interests on a Former Military Training Area: a Case from Estonia"
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are also available, all managed by the State forest management centre (RMK).
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commuter railway line, can be reached in an hour from the center of Tallinn.
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Põhja-Kõrvemaa nature reserve was formed in the western part of the former
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There are several hiking trails, the longest being the 36 km long
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in Estonia. Dominated by forests and bogs, it aims to protect rare and
160:
Põhja-Kõrvemaa (meaning North Kõrvemaa) occupies the northern part of
505:
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a large part of the nature reserve's current territory was used by
841:
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Despite the hiking facilities created in recent years, berry and
486:
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51:
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for military training and as such was closed to the public. The
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The landscape in Põhja-Kõrvemaa took shape in the end of the
548:
303:
210:
197:
523:
are still the most popular activities among the visitors.
287:, the latter of which are now mostly covered by extensive
240:
From 1997 to 2007 the nature reserves official status was
292:
288:
149:. With an area of 130.9 km, it is the third largest
543:
481:, an area formerly used for aerial bombardment training.
399:(the only place in Estonia where the plant is found).
698:
283:. It is characterized by ice marginal formations and
373:), among other rare plants growing in the area are
157:, their habitats, and valuable natural landscapes.
1887:
244:. In 2007 it was expanded from 12,890 to 13,086
699:Reimann, Mart; Palang, Hannes (December 1999).
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361:can be found in Põhja-Kõrvemaa (for example,
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188:Morning in Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve
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780:"Map of North-Estonian recreation area"
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1921:Tourist attractions in Harju County
1906:Protected areas established in 1991
13:
533:View to the east from Järvi Lakes.
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1911:1991 establishments in Estonia
772:
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662:"Tuhkatriinu Põhja-Kõrvemaalt"
544:Nature tours in Põhja-Kõrvemaa
291:and, to a much lesser extent,
131:Põhja-Kõrvemaa looduskaitseala
1:
705:Forest Tourism and Recreation
635:"Läbi Põhja-Kõrvemaa metsade"
554:
464:
123:Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve
22:Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve
108:130.9 km (32,346 acres)
7:
664:(in Estonian). Eesti Loodus
537:
33:Kõnnu Suursoo bog in winter
10:
1947:
1896:Nature reserves in Estonia
707:. Cabi Publishing: 41–54.
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145:, some 50 km east of
1901:Geography of Harju County
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194:regained its independence
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16:Protected area in Estonia
735:"Kaitseväe keskpolügoon"
382:Sparganium angustifolium
761:Projekt euroopa naarits
739:Estonian Defence Forces
337:. Small populations of
285:glaciolacustrine plains
226:Estonian Defence Forces
601:"Transitional Estonia"
534:
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357:. Nineteen species of
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231:central proving ground
189:
130:
785:. RMK. Archived from
532:
510:Lahemaa National Park
472:
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411:Carcasse of a moose
370:Platanthera bifolia
85: /
1916:Forests of Estonia
766:2007-06-10 at the
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215:population density
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155:endangered species
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714:978-0-85199-414-7
425:Pulsatilla patens
376:Pulsatilla patens
281:glacial landscape
196:. Throughout the
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89:59.383°N 25.700°E
58:Nearest city
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1409:Pärnu Grasslands
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267:Forests around
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206:proving grounds
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135:protected area
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846:Detailed list
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820:
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792:on 2007-06-10
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758:(in Estonian)
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613:on 2008-04-16
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578:Riigi Teataja
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443:in Jussi heat
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339:European mink
336:
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331:Eurasian lynx
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1931:Anija Parish
1726:Ropka-Ihaste
1608:Laidu Island
1304:Kihnu Islets
902:
794:. Retrieved
787:the original
774:
753:
742:. Retrieved
729:
718:. Retrieved
704:
666:. Retrieved
642:. Retrieved
639:Eesti Loodus
615:. Retrieved
611:the original
604:
581:. Retrieved
525:
518:
503:
484:
457:Vipera berus
455:
423:
393:
386:
380:
374:
368:
362:
355:common crane
351:capercaillie
347:golden eagle
324:
315:
308:
297:
277:last Ice Age
274:
269:Soodla River
239:
219:
191:
159:
139:Harju County
122:
121:
1865:Piusa Caves
1716:Pähklisaare
1711:Peipsiveere
1613:Liiva-Putla
1394:Nätsi-Võlla
976:Kõrgessaare
473:A berry or
441:Sand lizard
428:in Kõrvemaa
390:echinospora
343:black stork
311:Jussi lakes
253:Natura 2000
202:Soviet Army
141:, Northern
113:Established
92: /
68:Coordinates
1890:Categories
1855:Mõisamõtsa
1850:Meenikunno
1749:Keisripalu
1676:Alam-Pedja
1643:Säärenõmme
1598:Koorunõmme
1540:Taarikõnnu
1429:Sookuninga
1359:Madissaare
1339:Lavassaare
1279:Jäärumetsa
1221:Paadenurme
1193:Lääne-Viru
1135:Mustallika
1120:Kirikuraba
1067:Nõmme Mire
913:Paraspõllu
796:2008-11-25
744:2008-10-23
720:2008-10-23
668:2008-10-23
644:2008-10-23
617:2008-10-23
583:2008-10-23
555:References
465:Recreation
335:brown bear
198:Soviet Era
1807:Lehtsaare
1802:Kurimetsa
1792:Järveküla
1706:Padakõrve
1686:Järvselja
1658:Viieristi
1618:Pühametsa
1603:Laidevahe
1588:Kesknõmme
1583:Haavassoo
1545:Tillniidu
1530:Linnuraba
1449:Vahenurme
1364:Metsaääre
1324:Laiksaare
1294:Karinõmme
1173:Marimetsa
1168:Leidissoo
1150:Võtikvere
1140:Sopimetsa
1125:Kivimurru
928:Suure-Aru
514:campsites
506:Liiapeksi
477:on Jussi
395:Oxytropis
327:gray wolf
255:network.
1817:Maalasti
1784:Viljandi
1769:Soontaga
1754:Koorküla
1701:Kärevere
1653:Viidumäe
1578:Allirahu
1507:Valgesoo
1424:Soo-otsa
1399:Paadrema
1349:Luitemaa
1334:Laulaste
1309:Kikepera
1110:Altnurga
1011:Ida-Viru
908:Orkjärve
898:Niinsoni
878:Laukesoo
764:Archived
606:Estonica
538:See also
495:Aegviidu
246:hectares
222:Aegviidu
168:through
162:Kõrvemaa
127:Estonian
48:Location
1875:Timmase
1845:Luhasoo
1812:Leppoja
1797:Kahvena
1759:Riidaja
1696:Konguta
1628:Siplase
1623:Rahuste
1550:Tõrasoo
1497:Maruoru
1492:Ihamaru
1469:Ännikse
1464:Vaskjõe
1439:Tolkuse
1419:Siiraku
1379:Nedrema
1374:Naissoo
1251:Varangu
1241:Tudusoo
1216:Ohepalu
1206:Luusika
1145:Tellise
1062:Kurisoo
1034:Selisoo
1019:Agusalu
996:Tahkuna
933:Suurupi
893:Muraste
883:Maapaju
842:Estonia
487:Tallinn
397:sordida
388:Isoetes
359:orchids
180:History
166:Lahemaa
147:Tallinn
143:Estonia
133:) is a
80:25°42′E
77:59°23′N
62:Tallinn
52:Estonia
1827:Raudna
1822:Parika
1774:Tündre
1764:Rubina
1593:Koimla
1573:Abruka
1502:Meelva
1454:Vaiste
1389:Nigula
1384:Nehatu
1369:Mihkli
1354:Lähkma
1329:Lauaru
1319:Kuiaru
1289:Kalita
1274:Avaste
1236:Toolse
1226:Sirtsi
1201:Lasila
1130:Kärasi
1097:Jõgeva
1087:Väätsa
1082:Silmsi
1072:Prandi
1057:Kareda
1029:Puhatu
1024:Muraka
981:Leigri
961:Kalana
938:Ülgase
918:Parila
888:Mahtra
873:Kämbla
711:
300:eskers
259:Nature
174:Latvia
170:Soomaa
1870:Pähni
1860:Parmu
1741:Valga
1731:Välgi
1721:Raadi
1668:Tartu
1648:Teesu
1638:Sääre
1565:Saare
1555:Vardi
1522:Rapla
1512:Veski
1487:Akste
1479:Põlva
1434:Sorgu
1414:Sanga
1344:Lindi
1314:Kolga
1299:Kergu
1284:Kabli
1261:Pärnu
1246:Uhtju
1231:Suigu
1183:Silma
1160:Lääne
1115:Endla
1077:Rumbi
1052:Iidva
1044:Järva
986:Paope
966:Kukka
923:Ruila
868:Anija
863:Alema
855:Harju
790:(PDF)
783:(PDF)
499:Elron
479:heath
211:soils
1837:Võru
1681:Anne
1444:Tuhu
1178:Nõva
1105:Aidu
1001:Tihu
971:Kõpu
956:Hüti
948:Hiiu
709:ISBN
392:and
367:and
353:and
333:and
304:kame
293:fens
289:bogs
116:1991
105:Area
840:of
491:E20
172:to
137:in
1892::
703:.
677:^
653:^
626:^
603:.
592:^
563:^
385:,
379:,
349:,
345:,
329:,
176:.
129::
848:)
844:(
830:e
823:t
816:v
799:.
747:.
723:.
671:.
647:.
620:.
586:.
271:.
125:(
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