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36:
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and forgiveness", and called the design "aggressive towards the memory of the victims of conflict". Liberal
Democrat councillor Elizabeth Wade opposed each proposed location for a monument in Oxford, although she claimed she was never opposed in principle. She described the second proposal on St Giles' near
606:
because it was felt to be out of character with the surrounding conservation area and the London Place
Residents' Association. The current placement of the memorial was the third proposed location. Some objected to the memorial because it did not honour "both sides... in a spirit of reconciliation
388:
The six volunteers who died during the war are named on the front, however the monument was built to commemorate all 31 known volunteers with links to
Oxfordshire. Since the monument's construction in 2017 two more historical figures have been discovered, including the German-Jewish refugee
325:. Most of the volunteers were communist activists, and many had links to Britain's Jewish communities. Alongside organisations raising funds for Spanish humanitarian causes, Oxford was a hub for anti-fascist activism, homes within the county housed hundreds of
337:
successfully organising Oxford students to break up fascist meetings. Many of the local anti-fascist volunteers who survived and returned became influential in various professions including professors, surgeons, human rights activists and trade union leaders.
532:
In 2014 an appeal was launched to raise funds for a memorial to be built within Oxford to honour
International Brigade volunteers with links to Oxfordshire. Much of the funding for the memorial was generated by the sale of the book
617:, she then opposed the third and current location because she believed a monument with a red flag would glorify communism, despite no red flag ever being proposed to appear on the monument. A writer in the communist
126:"In memory of the 31 men and women of Oxfordshire who defended democracy and fought fascism in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 and the people of the County who gave them support.
178:. The memorial is dedicated to all the volunteers with links to Oxfordshire who supported the Republicans and inscribed onto the front are the names of the six volunteers in the
1068:
777:
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189:, the only known black man among the approximate 2,500 antifascist volunteers from the British Isles, and the other a German-Jewish refugee called
1112:
326:
64:
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was a hub for anti-fascist and
Spanish Republican activism during the 1930s, with links to activists including; Olympic gold medalist,
185:
Although the memorial was dedicated to 31 local people who fought in Spain, historians have since discovered two more. One of them was
1007:
159:
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councillors opposed the suggested locations and the creation of the monument was also opposed by heritage groups, including the
151:
1056:
436:
1127:
926:
735:
1008:"Nimbys block nod to heroes of Spain civil war in Oxford: Memorial to anti-fascist fighters 'too triumphalist' for some"
329:. Various physical fights broke out between anti-fascist activists and the Oxford University Fascist Association, with
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900:"Installation of stone memorial. Junction of Headington Road and Morrell Avenue, Oxford, Oxfordshire"
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845:"Installation of stone memorial. St Giles Parish Church, Woodstock Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire"
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as “aggressive and triumphalist”. Describing herself as a historian and speaking to the
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875:"Plans for Oxford memorial to Spanish Civil War volunteers clears key hurdle"
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446:
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231:
79:
66:
1039:(2007). "Chapter 7: Loss, memory and the British 'Volunteers for Liberty'".
539:, a compilation of research by several local historians with oversight from
293:(1910–1937) – Communist Party (CPGB) anti-poverty campaigner, and expert on
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651:
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415:
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365:
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819:"Installation of memorial stone. Land at Bonn Square, Oxford, Oxfordshire"
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547:. Other sources of funding included branches organisations including the
471:
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341:
272:
227:
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On the front of the memorial, the names of the six killed are inscribed:
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rejected two proposals: the first was for the monument to be erected in
807:. London: Oxford International Brigade Memorial Committee. pp. II.
730:. UK: Oxford International Brigade Memorial Committee. pp. 41–42.
162:
forces. Erected and unveiled in 2017, the memorial is located close to
1043:
The Impact of the
Spanish Civil War on Britain: War, Loss and Memory
590:
in the city centre, and the second, on a site adjacent to the main
248:(1912–1937) – Communist Party (CPGB) activist and worker for the
383:
317:, 29 British people with connections to Oxfordshire joined the
147:
624:
348:, founder of Britain's first union for working class nurses
150:
dedicated to the 31 known local residents who fought on the
805:
No Other Way: Oxfordshire and the
Spanish Civil War 1936–39
728:
No Other Way: Oxfordshire and the
Spanish Civil War 1936–39
536:
No Other Way: Oxfordshire and the
Spanish Civil War 1936–39
322:
752:"Memorial appeal for Oxford Spanish Civil War volunteers"
130:'We came because our open eyes could see no other way.'
360:, the only CPGB communist to sit in the House of Lords
1040:
803:Farman, Chris; Rose, Valery; Woolley, Liz (2015).
726:Farman, Chris; Rose, Valery; Woolley, Liz (2015).
802:
725:
1099:
527:
927:"Date set to unveil Spanish Civil War memorial"
271:(1900–1936) – Communist Party (CPGB) activist,
609:Oxford's First and Second World War memorials
384:Names of volunteers with links to Oxfordshire
212:and brother of the communist revolutionaries
952:"Spanish Civil War memorial stone approved"
582:The current location was settled on after
34:
670:
571:, and educational institutions including
257:Herbert Fisher (1910–1938) – Relative of
1035:
305:
699:
671:Day Lewis, C (1959) . "The Volunteer".
352:, biographer of Lenin and Genghis Khan
331:Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB)
1113:Monuments and memorials in Oxfordshire
1100:
924:
872:
623:labelled opponents of the memorial as
1005:
393:, and the black-British anti-fascist
868:
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437:Gavin Henderson, 2nd Baron Faringdon
364:, Communist organiser and filmmaker
196:
1118:War memorials in the United Kingdom
700:Jenkins, Stephanie (10 June 2017).
208:(1914–1937) – Member of the famous
13:
1108:Buildings and structures in Oxford
1029:
999:
674:Overtures to Death and Other Poems
14:
1139:
873:Oliver, Matt (27 February 2017).
863:
521:Wogan Philipps, 2nd Baron Milford
144:Oxford Spanish Civil War memorial
24:Oxford Spanish Civil War memorial
182:who were killed during the war.
1006:James, Luke (6 November 2016).
970:
944:
918:
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16:War memorial in Oxford, England
925:French, Andy (20 April 2017).
837:
811:
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770:
744:
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702:"Oxford International Brigade"
693:
681:(2nd impression). p. 40.
664:
1:
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561:National Union of Journalists
528:Planning and council conflict
301:
7:
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128:Six were killed in action.
10:
1144:
1128:Military history of Oxford
978:"IBMT Newsletter issue 41"
557:Communist Party of Britain
321:, with two others joining
604:Oxford Preservation Trust
432:Edward Henry Burke Cooper
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58:
50:
42:
33:
28:
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80:51.7513361°N 1.2374250°W
420:Christopher Thornycroft
327:Basque refugee children
1123:International Brigades
985:international brigades
319:International Brigades
310:
263:Ralph Vaughan Williams
180:International Brigades
85:51.7513361; -1.2374250
45:International Brigades
1049:Sussex Academic Press
569:Trades Union Congress
476:Michael (Mike) Wilton
309:
1084:51.75134°N 1.23742°W
1051:. pp. 122–140.
904:Oxford City Council
849:Oxford City Council
823:Oxford City Council
372:, Marxist historian
158:(1936–1939) against
1080: /
851:. 27 September 2015
706:Imperial War Museum
592:Oxford War Memorial
584:Oxford City Council
577:The Queen's College
457:John (Jock) Birrell
368:, Communist leader
295:church architecture
232:Olympic gold winner
170:by the junction of
166:, near the base of
76: /
1089:51.75134; -1.23742
958:. 22 February 2017
508:Thora Silverthorne
454:James (Jim) Brewer
350:Thora Silverthorne
311:
1058:978-1-845-19127-6
906:. 6 December 2016
784:. 14 October 2015
637:Charlie Hutchison
541:Oxford University
500:Ralph Winston Fox
468:Kathleen McColgan
395:Charlie Hutchison
376:, and journalist
354:Ralph Winston Fox
315:Spanish Civil War
269:Ralph Winston Fox
197:Commemorated dead
187:Charlie Hutchison
156:Spanish Civil War
146:is a monument in
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285:Magdalen College
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758:. 12 March 2014
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428:Dorothy Collier
411:Anthony Carritt
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374:Tom Wintringham
356:, photographer
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214:Michael Carritt
206:Anthony Carritt
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168:Headington Hill
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1015:. Retrieved
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760:. Retrieved
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709:. Retrieved
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620:Morning Star
618:
612:
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549:Labour party
545:Tom Buchanan
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486:Noel Carritt
482:Nathan Clark
464:John Rickman
416:Carl Marzani
406:Alec Wainman
402:Alfred Smith
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366:Carl Marzani
358:Alec Wainman
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291:John Rickman
281:Genghis Khan
251:Daily Worker
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222:Noel Carritt
218:Bill Carritt
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154:side of the
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54:10 June 2017
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1087: /
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991:29 December
962:29 December
931:Oxford Mail
884:29 December
879:Oxford Mail
614:Oxford Mail
588:Bonn Square
553:Green Party
472:Lewis Clive
346:Lewis Clive
342:Oxfordshire
335:Abe Lazarus
313:During the
228:Lewis Clive
160:Nationalist
133:C Day Lewis
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1072:51°45′05″N
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788:29 January
762:29 January
711:29 January
677:. London:
658:References
543:professor
302:Background
164:South Park
152:Republican
1075:1°14′15″W
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287:graduate.
242:graduate.
631:See also
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855:4 June
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565:Unison
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236:rowing
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981:(PDF)
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1053:ISBN
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912:2024
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