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603:", an acronymic nickname for the project's full title: International System of Typographic Picture Education. At international conventions of city planners, Neurath presented and promoted his communication tools. During the 1930s, he also began promoting Isotype as an International Picture Language, connecting it both with the adult education movement and with the Internationalist passion for new and artificial languages like
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totality of previously verified sentences in the language, and "truth" of a sentence is about its relationship to the totality of already verified sentences. If a sentence fails to "concord" (or cohere) with the totality of already verified sentences, then either it should be considered false, or some of that totality's propositions must be modified somehow. He thus views truth as internal
877:, who insisted that money is necessary in a socialist economy). While serving as a government economist during the war, Neurath had observed that "As a result of the war, in-kind calculus was applied more often and more systematically than before ... war was fought with ammunition and with the supply of food, not with money" i.e. that goods were
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disadvantages which he perceived as resulting from centralized decision-making were a reduction in productivity and a loss of the benefits of simple economic exchanges; but he thought that the reduction in productivity could be mitigated by means of "scientific" techniques based on analysis of work-flows etc. as advocated by
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We are like sailors who on the open sea must reconstruct their ship but are never able to start afresh from the bottom. Where a beam is taken away a new one must at once be put there, and for this the rest of the ship is used as support. In this way, by using the old beams and driftwood the ship can
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First, Neurath rejects isomorphism between language and reality as useless metaphysical speculation, which would call for explaining how words and sentences could represent things in the external world. Instead, Neurath proposed that language and reality coincideâthat reality consists in simply the
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could never be complete in a scientific age. Adherents of the scientific view of the world recognize no authority other than science and reject all forms of metaphysics. Under the socialist phase of history, Neurath predicted that the scientific worldview would become the dominant mode of thought.
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Otto
Neurath believed it was 'war socialism' that would come into effect after capitalism. For Neurath, war economies showed advantages in speed of decision and execution, optimal distribution of means relative to (military) goals, and no-nonsense evaluation and utilization of inventiveness. Two
567:, city councillor for welfare and health, served at the first board of the museum together with other prominent social democratic politicians. The museum was provided with exhibition rooms at buildings of the city administration, the most prominent being the People's Hall at the
873:". Thus, he advocated changes to the economic system that were more radical than those of the mainstream Social-Democratic parties of Germany and Austria. In the 1920s, Neurath debated these matters with leading Social Democratic theoreticians (such as
554:(Verband fĂŒr Siedlungs-und Kleingartenwesen), a collection of self-help groups that set out to provide housing and garden plots to its members. In 1923, he founded a new museum for housing and city planning called Siedlungsmuseum. In 1925 he renamed it
750:, completely transformed the nature of the logical positivist discussion of the program of unifying the sciences. Neurath delineates and explains his points of agreement with the general principles of the positivist program and its conceptual bases:
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John O'Neill, "Socialist
Calculation and Environmental Valuation: Money, Markets and Ecology," Science & Society, LXVI/1 (Spring 2002); Joan Martinez-Alier and Klaus Schlupmann, Ecological Economics: Energy, Environment, and Society (1987),
465:. Perhaps because of his second wife's blindness and then because of the outbreak of war, Paul was sent to a children's home outside Vienna, where Neurath's mother lived, and returned to live with both of his parents when he was nine years old.
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in 1934, Neurath had been working in Moscow. Anticipating problems, he had asked to get a coded message in case it would be dangerous for him to return to
Austria. As Marie Reidemeister reported later, after receiving the telegram
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language that most positivists were still emphasizing was to be replaced by the language of mathematical physics. This would allow for the required objective formulations because it is based on spatio-temporal coordinates. Such a
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Neurath also rejected the notion that science should be reconstructed in terms of sense data, because perceptual experiences are too subjective to constitute a valid foundation for the formal reconstruction of science. Thus, the
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658:, instead of Vienna, to be able to continue his international work. He was joined by Arntz after affairs in Vienna had been sorted out as best they could. His wife also fled to the Netherlands, where she died in 1937.
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in Wien (Museum of
Society and Economy in Vienna) and founded an association for it, in which the Vienna city administration, the trade unions, the Chamber of Workers and the Bank of Workers became members. Then-mayor
842:"Finally, Neurath suggested that since language itself is a physical system, because it is made up of an ordered succession of sounds or symbols, it is capable of describing its own structure without contradiction."
912:, associated the rise of scientific thinking and empiricism / positivism with the rise of socialism, both of which were coming into conflict with older modes of epistemology such as theology (which was allied with
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continued the work of the
Isotype Institute, publishing Neurath's writings posthumously, completing projects he had started and writing many children's books using the Isotype system, until her death in the 1980s.
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and visual education, believing that "Words divide, pictures unite," a coinage of his own that he displayed on the wall of his office there. In the late 1920s, graphic designer and communications theorist
957:. His scientific papers are held at the Noord-Hollands Archief in Haarlem; the Otto and Marie Neurath Isotype Collection is held in the Department of Typography & Graphic Communication at the
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approach to the sciences would facilitate the elimination of every residual element of metaphysics because it would permit them to be reduced to a system of assertions relative to physical facts.
798:(p. 3f) made famous Neurath's analogy which compares the holistic nature of language and consequently scientific verification with the construction of a boat which is already at sea (cf.
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599:, he initially called this the Vienna Method of Pictorial Statistics. As his ambitions for the project expanded beyond social and economic data related to Vienna, he renamed the project "
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of linguistic assertions, rather than anything to do with facts or other entities in the world. Moreover, the criterion of verification is to be applied to the system as a whole (see
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philosophy), the latter of which served reactionary purposes. However, Neurath followed Frazer in claiming that primitive magic closely resembled modern technology, implying an
493:. In 1918, he became director of the Deutsches Kriegswirtschaftsmuseum (German Museum of War Economy, later the "Deutsches Wirtschaftsmuseum") at Leipzig. Here he worked with
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concern for the grounding of knowledge in experience with the essential publicity of science. Neurath suggested that reports of experience should be understood to have a
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595:(who he would marry in 1941), Neurath developed novel ways of representing quantitative information via easily interpretable icons. The forerunner of contemporary
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GĂŒnther
Chaloupek, "Otto Neurath's Concepts of Socialization and Economic Calculation and his Socialist Critics"(2006), at www.chaloupek.eu/work/NeurathFin.pdf
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881:. This convinced Neurath of the feasibility of economic planning in terms of amounts of goods and services, without use of money. In response to these ideas,
1069:. Marie Neurath and Robert Cohen, eds. With a selection of biographical and autobiographical sketches by Popper and Carnap. Includes abridged translation of
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method of pictorial statistics and an innovator in museum practice. Before he fled his native country in 1934, Neurath was one of the leading figures of the
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1945a. Physicalism, planning and the social sciences: bricks prepared for a discussion v. Hayek. 26 July 1945. The Otto
Neurath Nachlass in Haarlem 202 K.56
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743:(p. 139ff), on the grounds that it severed the connection to experience that is essential to an empiricist account of truth, facts and knowledge.
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He married Anna
Schapire in 1907, who died in 1911 while bearing their son, Paul, and then married a close friend, the mathematician and philosopher
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was defeated, Neurath was imprisoned but returned to
Austria after intervention from the Austrian government. While in prison, he wrote
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in Vienna until war broke out. Subsequently, he directed the
Department of War Economy in the War Ministry. In 1917, he completed his
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Zur Anschauung der Antike ĂŒber Handel, Gewerbe und Landwirtschaft (On the Conceptions in Antiquity of Trade, Commerce and Agriculture)
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Stanovich, Keith E. (2004-05-15). The Robot's Rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darwin (1 ed.). University Of Chicago Press.
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Most publications by and about Neurath are still available only in German. However he also wrote in English, using Ogden's
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served as an assistant to Neurath, contributing to a new means of communication: a visual "language." With the illustrator
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897:. Neurath believed that socio-economic theory and scientific methods could be applied together in contemporary practice.
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the construction of a universal system which would comprehend all of the knowledge furnished by the various sciences, and
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Dutto, Andrea Alberto, 2017, "The Pyramid and the Mosaic. Otto Neurathâs encyclopedism as a critical model," Footprint.
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1943. Planning or managerial revolution. (Review of J. Burnham, The Managerial Revolution). The New Commonwealth 148â54
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Article discussing Gödel's Incomplete theorems as a refutation to Neurath and the Vienna Circle's logical Positivism
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with other refugees in an open boat. He and Reidemeister married in 1941 after a period of being interned on the
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Die Kriegswirtschaftslehre und ihre Bedeutung fĂŒr die Zukunft (War Economics and Their Importance for the Future)
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1946c. The orchestration of the sciences by the encyclopedism of logical empiricism. In: Cohen and. Neurath 1983
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1946a. The orchestration of the sciences by the encyclopedism of logical empiricism. In: Cohen and. Neurath 1983
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and he was asked to advise on, and design Isotype charts for, the intended redevelopment of the slums of
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and hence public and impersonal character, rather than as being first person subjective pronouncements.
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Austrian Museum for Social and Economic Affairs (Ăsterreichisches Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum)
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1716:, 2023, "Otto Neurath's Distorted Reception of Weber's Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism,"
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O'Neill, John, 2002, "Socialist Calculation and Environmental Valuation: Money, Markets and Ecology,"
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1986:
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Exact Thinking in Demented Times: The Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science
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Bresnahan, Keith (2011). ""An Unused Esperanto": Internationalism and Pictographic Design, 1930-70".
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Azimuth Ix (2021) 18: Mother-Tongue and Father-Land: Jewish Perspectives on Language and Identity
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political economist at the time. Otto's mother was a Protestant, and he would also become one.
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509:, Schumann urged him to work out a plan for socialization in Saxony. Along with Schumann and
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He then rejects the positivist treatment of language in general and, in particular, some of
434:(he formally enrolled for classes only for two semesters in 1902â3). In 1906, he gained his
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1943â5. NeurathâCarnap correspondence, 1943â1945. The Otto Neurath Nachlass in Haarlem, 223
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1913. The lost wanderers of Descartes and the auxiliary motive. In: Cohen and Neurath 1983
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2005:
1872:, 2003, "Unified science as political philosophy: positivism, pluralism and liberalism,"
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Neurath died of a stroke, suddenly and unexpectedly, in December 1945. After his death,
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Reflexive Epistemology and Social Complexity. The Philosophical Legacy of Otto Neurath
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1945c. Alternatives to market competition. (Review of F. Hayek, The Road to Serfdom).
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1944b. Ways of life in a world community. The London Quarterly of World Affairs, 29â32
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1919. Through war economy to economy in kind. In: Neurath 1973 (a short fragment only)
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1298:"The Political Ideas of Otto Neurath: Science, Judaism, and the Rise of Expertocracy"
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1945b. NeurathâHayek correspondence, 1945. The Otto Neurath Nachlass in Haarlem 243
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Otto Neurath â City Planning: Proposing a Socio-Political Map for Modern Urbanism
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The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences
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The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences
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1931a. The current growth in global productive capacity. In: Cohen and Uebel 2004
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1897:(Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science, 18.) Dordrecht: Springer, 2011.
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1916. On the classification of systems of hypotheses. In: Cohen and Neurath 1983
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Otto Neurath. Museum and Exhibition Work â Spaces (Designed) for Communication
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1940. Argumentation and action. The Otto Neurath Nachlass in Haarlem 198 K.41
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1912. The problem of the pleasure maximum. In: Cohen and Neurath (eds.) 1983
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To make the museum understandable for visitors from all around the polyglot
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Otto Neurath, ed. T. Uebel and R. S. Cohen, Economic Writings (2004), 304.
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Philosophical Papers, 1913â1946: With a Bibliography of Neurath in English
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1930. Ways of the scientific world-conception. In: Cohen and Neurath 1983
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Serbiens Erfolge im Balkankriege: Eine wirtschaftliche und soziale Studie
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1564:"Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth by Ludwig von Mises"
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The Murder of Professor Schlick: The Rise and Fall of the Vienna Circle
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The Murder of Professor Schlick: The Rise and Fall of the Vienna Circle
1062:. Marie Neurath and Robert S. Cohen, with Carolyn R. Fawcett, eds. 1983
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which remains the dominant position in metaphysics and especially the
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1497:(First ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 60.
1405:(First ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 60.
1279:(Spring 2024 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
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1935a. Pseudorationalism of falsification. In: Cohen and Neurath 1983
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took issue with Neurath's account of protocol statements in his book
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Otto Neurath: From Hieroglyphics to Isotype. A Visual Autobiography
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In economics, Neurath was notable for his advocacy of ideas like "
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On the Conceptions in Antiquity of Trade, Commerce and Agriculture
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1468:"Isotype, the Proto-Infographic You Probably Didn't Know Existed"
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Empiricism and sociology : the life and work of Otto Neurath
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Rotha (1946) claims that this is in part Neurath's autobiography.
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1935b. The unity of science as a task. In: Cohen and Neurath 1983
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Zur Anschauung der Antike ĂŒber Handel, Gewerbe und Landwirtschaft
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170:
1848:. Frankfurt, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Vienna,
781:) and not to single sentences. Such ideas profoundly shaped the
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Neurath's view on socioeconomic development was similar to the
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in 1918â19 and ran an office for central economic planning in
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1591:"In partial praise of a positivist: The work of Otto Neurath"
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Scientia : rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica
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550:, he joined the Social Democrats and became secretary of the
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Die Kriegswirtschaftslehre und ihre Bedeutung fĂŒr die Zukunft
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be shaped entirely anew, but only by gradual reconstruction.
1970:
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Cat, Jordi (2024), Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.),
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Jews who immigrated to the United Kingdom to escape Nazism
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1942. International planning for freedom. In: Neurath 1973
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1920b. A system of socialisation. In: Cohen and Uebel 2004
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International Picture Language; the First Rules of Isotype
674:, he and Marie Reidemeister fled to Britain, crossing the
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was his cousin. He studied mathematics and physics at the
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2001:
University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
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Symons, John â Pombo, Olga â Torres, Juan Manuel (eds.):
435:
1997:
Guide to the Unity of Science Movement Records 1934-1968
1637:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 225â6.
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Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica,
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Die neue enzyklopaedie des wissenschaftlichen empirismus
1101:
1928. Personal life and class struggle. In: Neurath 1973
1013:. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd., 1936
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for which Neurath had written many articles. During the
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interpretation of both. Neurath claimed that magic was
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People interned in the Isle of Man during World War II
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These ideas helped form the foundation of the sort of
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Austrian Association for Settlements and Small Gardens
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Otto Neurath: Philosophy between Science and Politics
1664:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 227.
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1850:
Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
1367:"Otto Neurath: Empiricism and Sociology". edited by
1248:"Otto Neurath (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)"
1095:
1920a. Total socialisation. In: Cohen and Uebel 2004
1687:"Otto Neurath: Marxist member of the Vienna Circle"
1315:Neurath, edited by Marie; Cohen, Robert S. (1973).
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1838:, vol. LXIV, no. 20 (21 December 2017), pp. 74â76.
1316:
1020:. London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd.
887:Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth
869:, that is "complete" rather than merely partial "
746:One of Neurath's later and most important works,
487:War Economics and Their Importance for the Future
3008:People associated with the University of Reading
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1588:
650:is waiting for you," Neurath chose to travel to
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1630:
618:manifesto. He was the driving force behind the
118:Austrian economist, philosopher and sociologist
1912:Otto Neurath: The Language of the Global Polis
1170:1941. The danger of careless terminology. In:
686:Camp). In Britain, he and his wife set up the
382:; 10 December 1882 â 22 December 1945) was an
2021:
1044:International Encyclopedia of Unified Science
625:International Encyclopedia of Unified Science
563:acted as first proponent of the association.
1874:Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
1566:. Ludwig von Mises Institute. Archived from
1314:
1158:'The Departmentalization of Unified Science'
1110:1931b. Empirical sociology. In: Neurath 1973
610:In the 1920s, Neurath also became an ardent
2933:Expatriates from Austria-Hungary in Germany
1390:http://www.wirtschaftsmuseum.at/wminorg.htm
2028:
2014:
1773:The Technocratic Socialism of Otto Neurath
131:
1763:Otto Neurath: Economic Writings 1904â1945
1430:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1930:Otto Neurath. Eine politische Biographie
1864:Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, vol. 4
1720:Vol. 23, No. 2, 218-237, ISSN 2056-4074.
1474:. No. 12 September 2013. Vice Media
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473:Neurath taught political economy at the
2938:Austrian expatriates in the Netherlands
1761:Cohen, R. S. and T. Uebel (eds.) 2004.
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1277:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
949:picture language that Neurath promoted.
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1895:Otto Neurath and the Unity of Science.
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814:discusses this metaphor in context of
2009:
1615:
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1197:The London Quarterly of World Affairs
1134:Vol. 3. Repr.: Cohen and Neurath 1983
377:
1296:Wussow, Philipp von (January 2021).
1055:(eds.). University of Chicago Press.
1004:Einheitswissenschaft und Psychologie
556:Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
1810:, Innsbruck University Press, 2011
1270:
1252:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
468:
13:
2918:20th-century Austrian philosophers
1784:Delft Architecture Theory Journal,
1753:Otto Neurath: Philosophical Papers
1707:
1685:Jacobs, Straun; Otto, Karl-Heinz.
1234:
1035:Foundations of the Social Sciences
822:and refers to this metaphor as a "
719:Philosophy of science and language
398:. He was also the inventor of the
137:Photo of Neurath published in 1919
14:
3054:
3038:Information visualization experts
2963:Sociologists from Austria-Hungary
1977:Bibliography Pictorial Statistics
1967:". Includes references and links.
1954:
1824:, "Positive Thinking" (review of
1465:
997:Lebensgestaltung und Klassenkampf
992:. Leipzig, Berlin: B. G. Teubner.
902:materialist conception of history
885:wrote his famous essay of 1920, "
741:An Inquiry Into Meaning and Truth
614:, and was the main author of the
515:Programm Kranold-Neurath-Schumann
1445:10.2752/175470810X12863771378671
1418:Worte trennen, Bilder verbinden.
1375:. Dordrecht-Holland/Boston-USA:
661:
20:
1678:
1658:Josephson-Storm, Jason (2017).
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1631:Josephson-Storm, Jason (2017).
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31:needs additional citations for
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1217:From Hieroglyphics to Isotypes
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519:German Social Democratic Party
1:
2973:Information graphic designers
2928:Austrian emigrants to England
2052:Biological data visualization
1589:John O'Neill (NovâDec 1995).
1388:The actual museum's website:
1227:
1038:. University of Chicago Press
475:New Vienna Commercial Academy
409:
1888:From Hieroglyphs to Isotypes
1835:The New York Review of Books
1751:and M. Neurath (eds.) 1983.
1377:D. Reidel Publishing Company
1205:1946b. After six years. In:
1123:, 50, 1931, pp. 297â303
990:Antike Wirtschaftsgeschichte
856:
769:'s early fundamental ideas.
7:
1973:with more than 500 Isotypes
1800:, Hyphen Press, London 2010
1077:
10:
3059:
2092:Mathematical visualization
1744:Cambridge University Press
1620:. Verso. pp. 190â195.
1130:(Protocol statements).In:
945:, showing examples of the
757:the absolute rejection of
517:. Neurath then joined the
422:(1840â1901), a well-known
2770:
2640:
2504:
2458:
2382:
2281:
2250:
2243:
2150:
2087:Information visualization
2072:Educational visualization
2044:
1832:, Basic Books, 449 pp.),
941:A photograph of the book
371:Otto Karl Wilhelm Neurath
364:
335:
323:
307:
280:
256:
246:
236:
232:
198:
179:
147:Otto Karl Wilhelm Neurath
142:
130:
123:
2263:Charles-René de Fourcroy
2112:Scientific visualization
2039:of technical information
1982:Mundaneum in Netherlands
1928:Sandner, GĂŒnther, 2014,
1718:Max Weber Studies (MWS),
1219:. Nicholson and Watson.
1067:Empiricism and Sociology
1026:Modern Man in the Making
964:
895:Frederick Winslow Taylor
713:
631:
527:Bavarian Soviet Republic
3018:Philosophers of science
1965:Otto Neurath: 1882â1945
1616:Desai, Meghnad (2002).
1493:Edmonds, David (2020).
1401:Edmonds, David (2020).
790:Willard Van Orman Quine
576:Austro-Hungarian Empire
533:, a critical attack on
450:with a thesis entitled
379:[ËÉtoËËnÉÊÊaËt]
241:20th-century philosophy
165:Austro-Hungarian Empire
2683:Christopher R. Johnson
2235:Technical illustration
2122:Software visualization
1971:Gerd Arntz Web Archive
1886:Neurath, Otto, 1946, "
1881:Science & Society,
950:
809:
727:tried to reconcile an
388:philosopher of science
2958:Austrian sociologists
2923:Analytic philosophers
2577:Lawrence J. Rosenblum
2390:Edward Walter Maunder
2314:Charles Joseph Minard
2132:User interface design
2107:Product visualization
1323:. : Reidel. pp.
1153:62, 1937, pp. 309â320
959:University of Reading
940:
933:Selected publications
804:
491:Heidelberg University
438:in the department of
330:Philosophy of science
275:Epistemic coherentism
219:Heidelberg University
3028:Socialist economists
2857:Scientific modelling
2832:Information graphics
2572:Clifford A. Pickover
2522:William S. Cleveland
2430:Henry Norris Russell
2415:Howard G. Funkhouser
2359:Florence Nightingale
2324:Francis Amasa Walker
2220:Statistical graphics
2142:Volume visualization
2117:Social visualization
904:first elaborated in
824:Neurathian bootstrap
578:, Neurath worked on
448:University of Berlin
432:University of Vienna
414:Neurath was born in
211:University of Berlin
203:University of Vienna
40:improve this article
3043:Writers from Vienna
2978:Jewish philosophers
2953:Austrian socialists
2837:Information science
2800:in computer science
2592:Sheelagh Carpendale
2527:George G. Robertson
2364:Karl Wilhelm Pohlke
2299:André-Michel Guerry
2175:Graph of a function
2170:Engineering drawing
1950:, Dordrecht: Kluwer
1932:. Zsolnay, Vienna.
1570:on 17 November 2014
974:. Wien : Manz.
910:James George Frazer
725:protocol statements
540:Decline of the West
396:political economist
263:Analytic philosophy
2998:Marxian economists
2993:Logical positivism
2877:Volume cartography
2641:Early 21st century
2537:Catherine Plaisant
2532:Bruce H. McCormick
2486:Mary Eleanor Spear
2476:Arthur H. Robinson
2410:Arthur Lyon Bowley
2383:Early 20th century
2230:Technical drawings
2102:Molecular graphics
2077:Flow visualization
2067:Data visualization
1908:Vossoughian, Nader
1595:Radical Philosophy
1433:Design and Culture
1353:has generic name (
999:. Berlin: E. Laub.
951:
867:Vollsozialisierung
851:philosophy of mind
723:Neurath's work on
643:Austrian Civil War
612:logical positivist
593:Marie Reidemeister
350:protocol statement
267:Logical positivism
251:Western philosophy
3003:Marxist theorists
2983:Jewish socialists
2948:Austrian refugees
2895:
2894:
2872:Visual perception
2822:Graphic organizer
2795:Computer graphics
2766:
2765:
2748:Martin Wattenberg
2723:Hanspeter Pfister
2678:Martin Krzywinski
2602:Jock D. Mackinlay
2582:Thomas A. DeFanti
2505:Late 20th century
2425:Ejnar Hertzsprung
2127:Technical drawing
1938:978-3-552-05676-3
1924:978-90-5662-350-0
1903:978-94-007-0142-7
1842:Kraeutler, Hadwig
1816:978-3-902-81107-3
1794:Christopher Burke
1724:Cartwright, Nancy
1671:978-0-226-40336-6
1644:978-0-226-40336-6
1053:Charles W. Morris
1029:. Alfred A. Knopf
906:classical Marxism
688:Isotype Institute
622:movement and the
505:which led to the
497:, known from the
495:Wolfgang Schumann
440:Political Science
368:
367:
228:
216:
208:
174:
116:
115:
108:
90:
3050:
2882:Volume rendering
2867:Visual analytics
2862:Spatial analysis
2842:Misleading graph
2693:David McCandless
2668:Gordon Kindlmann
2632:Alfred Inselberg
2627:Leland Wilkinson
2562:Michael Friendly
2496:Howard T. Fisher
2459:Mid 20th century
2400:W. E. B. Du Bois
2304:William Playfair
2294:Adolphe Quetelet
2268:Joseph Priestley
2251:Pre-19th century
2248:
2247:
2215:Skeletal formula
2082:Geovisualization
2057:Chemical imaging
2030:
2023:
2016:
2007:
2006:
1804:Sophie HochhÀusl
1777:Jacobin Magazine
1714:Arnswald, Ulrich
1701:
1700:
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1259:
1258:
1243:
1018:Basic by Isotype
943:Basic by Isotype
883:Ludwig von Mises
832:phenomenological
737:Bertrand Russell
682:(Neurath was in
672:bombed Rotterdam
620:Unity of Science
569:Vienna City Hall
503:political crisis
469:Career in Vienna
381:
376:
314:Gustav Schmoller
309:Doctoral advisor
222:
214:
206:
186:
183:22 December 1945
168:
157:10 December 1882
156:
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2898:
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2887:Information art
2827:Imaging science
2772:
2762:
2743:Fernanda Viégas
2738:Moritz Stefaner
2663:Jessica Hullman
2636:
2607:Alan MacEachren
2557:Ben Shneiderman
2500:
2454:
2378:
2277:
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2152:
2146:
2097:Medical imaging
2040:
2034:
1957:
1710:
1708:Further reading
1705:
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1373:Robert S. Cohen
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1230:
1164:VII, pp. 240â46
1080:
967:
935:
918:instrumentalist
879:incommensurable
859:
812:Keith Stanovich
800:Ship of Theseus
795:Word and Object
792:. Quine's book
785:verificationism
779:semantic holism
721:
716:
664:
639:
634:
535:Oswald Spengler
511:Hermann Kranold
471:
420:Wilhelm Neurath
412:
374:
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3015:
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2995:
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2985:
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2975:
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2968:Encyclopedists
2965:
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2893:
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2864:
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2852:Patent drawing
2849:
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2817:Graphic design
2814:
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2488:
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2466:Jacques Bertin
2462:
2460:
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2420:John B. Peddle
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2374:Francis Galton
2371:
2369:Toussaint Loua
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2349:Georg von Mayr
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2240:
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2222:
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2207:
2205:Sankey diagram
2202:
2197:
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2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
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2156:
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2148:
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2137:Visual culture
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1955:External links
1953:
1952:
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1941:
1926:
1916:NAi Publishers
1905:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1867:
1853:
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1787:
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1771:Dale, Gareth,
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1618:Marx's Revenge
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1334:978-9027702593
1333:
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1273:"Otto Neurath"
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1128:ProtokollsÀtze
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926:disenchantment
924:and therefore
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638:
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580:graphic design
565:Julius Tandler
513:developed the
470:
467:
428:Helene Migerka
411:
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366:
365:
362:
361:
355:Neurath's boat
339:
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325:Main interests
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2733:Claudio Silva
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2807:CPK coloring
2790:Color coding
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2708:Miriah Meyer
2673:Aaron Koblin
2658:Jeffrey Heer
2552:Edward Tufte
2547:Pat Hanrahan
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33:verification
30:
2913:1945 deaths
2908:1882 births
2780:Cartography
2718:Ade Olufeko
2688:Manuel Lima
2617:Kwan-Liu Ma
2542:Stuart Card
2512:Borden Dent
2450:Erwin Raisz
2405:Henry Gantt
1944:Danilo Zolo
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637:Netherlands
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2703:John Maeda
2481:John Tukey
2445:Harry Beck
2440:Fritz Kahn
2190:Photograph
1940:. (German)
1856:Nemeth, E.
1601:16 October
1574:1 December
1478:7 November
1283:2024-09-05
1257:2017-05-26
1228:References
1174:22: 145â50
1162:Erkenntnis
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729:empiricist
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1453:147279431
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