161:
17:
220:
79:
196:. The goal was to raise sufficient funding for the project, to reduce the project time from 25 years to 10 years. The package was passed by the Storting in 2000 and provided NOK 15.6 billion in funding. In addition to public grants, each public transport ticket would contribute NOK 0.75 and the tolls of the ring road would increase by 2 NOK.
210:
Following the termination of Oslo
Package 1 in 2008, a new political compromise was created for another twenty years of investments: Oslo Package 3. It includes investment in road, rail, and bus infrastructure as well as public transport operation. The total budget is NOK 58 billion. It was
141:
was created, while the planning became the responsibility of the Public Roads
Administration. There were three plan periods from 1990 to 2001 and additional plans for the period until 2005 were also made. Estimates showed NOK 8.1 billion in investments were required from 1990 to 2001. The
231:
The main objective of the package was to move road traffic to the ring roads, reducing the amount of traffic in the city center and freeing up capacity in the main arteries. In the 1990s, a number of tunnels were built and the ring roads improved. During the 2000s, the focus was moved towards the
136:
By 1987, Oslo and
Akershus were in agreement on the placement of the eighteen toll plazas. Since the ring would be located within Oslo, there was more local resistance in Oslo than in Akershus. To increase support in Oslo, 20% of the funds were allocated for public transport and 70% of the
145:
The company
Fjellinjen was founded on 13 February 1986 by the Municipality of Oslo to secure financing for the Festning Tunnel. With the 1988 decision, the company was given the responsibility of financing the rest of the toll ring. As a result, Akershus bought 40% of the company in 1990.
65:
The entire plan involved investments of 11 billion NOK (equivalent to 21.1 billion NOK in 2017) to be funded by 4.8 billion NOK in state grants and 6.2 billion NOK in toll road revenue. 3.9 billion NOK was invested in
Akershus, while
142:
project was finally approved by the
Storting on 10 June 1988. The goals of the project were to increase capacity by 30–50% and to avoid increased congestion by building from the city center outwards. Without the package, the investments would have taken about 30 years.
89:
During the 1970s, car traffic in Oslo increased greatly and there was political will to increase investment in motorways and tunnels in the city. The goal was to increase capacity and reduce congestion in city streets. In particular, Rådhusgata, the
117:
jointly set demands for a new toll ring scheme, requiring that the state grant extra funding equal to the toll charges: the "krone for krone" principle. This was similar to a prior agreement in
94:, and the areas around them were congested, hindering people from accessing the fjord. However, during the 1980s, the political climate shifted towards reduced public spending. In 1982, the
564:
352:
292:
245:
249:
244:
opening in 1990 and the
Vestbane Intersection in 1994. The City Hall Square was subsequently closed to cars. Also in the city centre were upgrades to
312:
95:
288:
300:
113:
that would, along with the intersection at
Vestbanen, allow the City Hall Square to become car free. In 1986, the city council in Oslo and
308:
577:
328:
451:
512:
486:
400:
138:
129:, was to receive an annual grant of 230 million NOK. While there was local resistance, the plan was popular in the
610:
573:
516:
605:
137:
investments would be used in Oslo. A committee with representatives from Oslo, Akershus, the state, and the
114:
103:
364:
176:
In 1996, the work started on the creation of a similar package for public transport – in particular, the
122:
240:
European Route E18, running through the city centre, received much of the initial investments, with the
368:
404:
566:
Delvis brukerbetalt utbygging av transportsystemet i Oslo og
Akershus. Evaluering av Oslopakke 1 og 2
276:
253:
54:. The package was approved in 1988 and toll charges were introduced in 1990. It was supplemented by
58:, which included a similar scheme for public transport. In 2008, they were both replaced by
8:
106:, promised increased government grants to local authorities that introduced toll roads.
336:
31:
99:
455:
348:
185:
165:
490:
344:
160:
91:
260:
241:
224:
110:
205:
169:
155:
59:
55:
360:
599:
268:
82:
367:
was upgraded between
Knatten and Lørdagsrud in 1997, and from Lørdagsrud to
193:
16:
189:
372:
447:
219:
181:
177:
126:
67:
284:
21:
324:
39:
20:
Oslo Package 1 was partially financed through road tolls, such as at
340:
272:
130:
51:
280:
78:
511:
485:
399:
356:
332:
295:, connecting the E6 to the E18, was also expanded, including the
296:
264:
118:
47:
50:
and making 31 investments to road infrastructure in Oslo and
66:
7.1 billion NOK was invested in Oslo. The company
304:
43:
355:. Norwegian National Road 4 was extended from Skøyen to
38:) was a political agreement and plan for introducing an
192:, and improvements to the infrastructure for buses and
168:
was one of the projects financed through the follow-up
371:the following year. A bypass was also added past
597:
572:. TØI-rapport 714/2004 (in Norwegian). Oslo:
331:while the E18 received a new intersection at
315:(2000), and the Galgeberg Connection (2001).
299:Intersection (with the E6 in 1990) and the
70:was created to manage the toll collection.
279:(1997), and upgrades to the section from
218:
159:
77:
15:
536:
534:
424:
422:
303:(1995). The E6 received grants for the
211:passed by parliament on 13 March 2008.
598:
446:
395:
393:
227:was built by funds from Oslo Package 1
513:Norwegian Public Roads Administration
487:Norwegian Public Roads Administration
401:Norwegian Public Roads Administration
323:In 1993, the E6 was upgraded between
139:Norwegian Public Roads Administration
562:
543:
531:
431:
419:
390:
13:
109:The first project planned was the
14:
622:
256:was also built at Hausmannsgate.
199:
149:
574:Institute of Transport Economics
259:Ring 3 received funding for the
556:
125:provided that initial project,
505:
479:
470:
454:(in Norwegian). Archived from
440:
1:
378:
85:received much of the funding
7:
318:
214:
188:and some extensions to the
10:
627:
611:Road transport in Akershus
347:. The following year, the
248:in 1990–91, including the
203:
153:
73:
311:Intersection (1998), the
307:Intersection (1997), the
277:Norwegian Radium Hospital
271:(1994), intersections at
252:. A new intersection for
383:
335:and a connection to the
563:Lian, Jon Inge (2004).
517:"Tunneler og ringveier"
235:
121:. A report made by the
115:Akershus County Council
606:Road transport in Oslo
263:(1992), upgrades from
228:
173:
123:second Willoch cabinet
86:
35:
24:
452:"Formål og historikk"
405:"Oslopakke 1 & 2"
222:
163:
96:Minister of Transport
81:
19:
363:to Slattum in 2003.
172:for public transport
458:on 24 October 2007
337:European Route E16
229:
174:
104:Conservative Party
87:
25:
365:National Road 159
359:in 1993 and from
353:National Road 160
293:National Road 190
246:National Road 162
618:
592:
590:
588:
582:
576:. Archived from
571:
550:
547:
541:
538:
529:
528:
526:
524:
509:
503:
502:
500:
498:
483:
477:
474:
468:
467:
465:
463:
444:
438:
435:
429:
426:
417:
416:
414:
412:
397:
369:National Road 22
349:Bekkestua Tunnel
343:, including the
250:Vaterland Tunnel
92:City Hall Square
626:
625:
621:
620:
619:
617:
616:
615:
596:
595:
586:
584:
580:
569:
559:
554:
553:
548:
544:
539:
532:
522:
520:
510:
506:
496:
494:
484:
480:
476:Lian, 2004: 8–9
475:
471:
461:
459:
445:
441:
436:
432:
427:
420:
410:
408:
398:
391:
386:
381:
321:
313:Svartdal Tunnel
287:(including the
275:(1993) and the
261:Granfoss Tunnel
254:National Road 4
242:Festning Tunnel
238:
225:Granfoss Tunnel
217:
208:
202:
158:
152:
111:Festning Tunnel
100:Inger Koppernæs
76:
40:urban toll ring
12:
11:
5:
624:
614:
613:
608:
594:
593:
558:
555:
552:
551:
542:
530:
519:(in Norwegian)
504:
493:(in Norwegian)
478:
469:
439:
430:
418:
407:(in Norwegian)
388:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
320:
317:
301:Ekeberg Tunnel
237:
234:
216:
213:
206:Oslo Package 3
204:Main article:
201:
200:Oslo Package 3
198:
184:railways, the
170:Oslo Package 2
156:Oslo Package 2
154:Main article:
151:
150:Oslo Package 2
148:
75:
72:
60:Oslo Package 3
56:Oslo Package 2
28:Oslo Package 1
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
623:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
601:
583:on 2009-03-26
579:
575:
568:
567:
561:
560:
549:Lian, 2004: 7
546:
540:Lian, 2004: 6
537:
535:
518:
514:
508:
492:
491:"Oslopakke 3"
488:
482:
473:
457:
453:
449:
443:
437:Lian, 2004: 2
434:
428:Lian, 2004: 1
425:
423:
406:
402:
396:
394:
389:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:Kjørbo Tunnel
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
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257:
255:
251:
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221:
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207:
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195:
191:
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183:
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167:
162:
157:
147:
143:
140:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
84:
80:
71:
69:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
23:
18:
585:. Retrieved
578:the original
565:
557:Bibliography
545:
521:. Retrieved
507:
495:. Retrieved
481:
472:
460:. Retrieved
456:the original
442:
433:
409:. Retrieved
322:
289:Tåsen Tunnel
258:
239:
230:
209:
175:
144:
135:
108:
88:
64:
27:
26:
361:Gjelleråsen
190:Oslo T-bane
36:Oslopakke 1
600:Categories
448:Fjellinjen
379:References
351:opened on
232:arteries.
182:Follo Line
178:Asker Line
127:Fjellinjen
68:Fjellinjen
375:in 2003.
325:Vinterbro
309:Skullerud
291:, 1999).
186:Ring Line
166:Ring Line
102:from the
32:Norwegian
587:18 March
523:19 March
497:19 March
462:19 March
411:19 March
373:Strømmen
341:Sandvika
319:Akershus
273:Blindern
215:Projects
131:Storting
52:Akershus
357:Slattum
333:Lysaker
285:Ullevål
74:History
42:around
22:Abildsø
329:Vassum
297:Teisen
265:Sinsen
119:Bergen
83:Ring 3
48:Norway
581:(PDF)
570:(PDF)
384:Notes
281:Tåsen
269:Storo
194:trams
589:2009
525:2008
499:2008
464:2008
413:2008
327:and
305:Ryen
236:Oslo
223:The
180:and
164:The
44:Oslo
339:at
283:to
267:to
602::
533:^
515:.
489:.
450:.
421:^
403:.
392:^
133:.
98:,
62:.
46:,
34::
591:.
527:.
501:.
466:.
415:.
30:(
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