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It seemed rather rough on
Tartars, too, as showing scant consideration for the religious susceptibilities of a subject people, to find some of the domes of the Orthodox churches ornamented with devices proclaiming the triumph of the Cross over the Crescent. A favorite device is a Cross towering above
487:
schism. Replacement of the
Russian Orthodox cross by Greek cross was caused by Russian disrespect for the second one. Soon, however, the Russian Orthodox Church began to use the Russian Orthodox cross again. According to the Metropolitan of Ryazan and Murom Stefan, the Russian Orthodox cross was worn
240:
Sometimes it is also called just
Orthodox cross. At the same time the various Orthodox churches use different crosses, and any of them may be called an "Orthodox cross". Moreover, there are no crosses universally acknowledged as "Orthodox" or "Catholic": each type is a feature of local tradition. The
2536:
Finally, the
Russians, under Ivan the Terrible, defeated the Tatars in 1552 and firmly established Russian rule. In celebration of this conquest, the czar built two churches in the Moscow Kremlin and on the spires of the Church installed the Orthodox Cross over an upside down crescent, the symbol of
2845:
Sometimes the bottoms of the
Crosses found on Russian churches will be adorned with a crescent. In 1486, Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible) conquered the city of Kazan which had been under the rule of Moslem Tatars, and in remembrance of this, he decreed that from henceforth the Islamic crescent be placed
438:. One Byzantine icon featuring the three-bar cross, with the slanted crossbeam for the feet of Christ, is an 11th century mosaic of the resurrection. The three-bar cross "existed very early in Byzantium, but was adopted by the Russian Orthodox Church and especially popularized in Slavic countries."
527:. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the Russian Orthodox Church replaced many traditional Greek Orthodox crosses in Belarus with Russian Orthodox crosses. This suggests that it was understood as an nationalist Russian symbol rather than a religious Orthodox one.
2819:
It would be convenient to characterize the relationship between Russia and Islam by its history of conquest and tension. After all, the emblem of the
Orthodox Church is a cross on top on a crescent. It is said that this symbol was devised by Ivan the Terrible, after the conquest of the city of
363:— «Сын Божий» Son of God; НИКА - Victor; К - копьё, spear; Т - трость, pole (with a sponge); М Л Р Б — «место лобное рай бысть» "place of execution is paradise", Г Г — «гора Голгофа» "mount Golgotha" (Calvary), Г А — «глава Адамова» "Adam's head". This type of cross is usually embroidered on a
612:
737:
2992:
722:
302:. It is also a common perception that the foot-rest points up, toward Heaven, on Christ's right hand-side, and downward, to Hell, on Christ's left. The cross is often depicted in icons "of the crucifixion in historic Byzantine style."
3033:Мицик Ю. Московський Патріархат // Енциклопедія історії України : у 10 т. / редкол.: В. А. Смолій (голова) та ін. ; Інститут історії України НАН України. — К.: Наук. думка, 2010. — Т. 7 : Мл — О. С. 87.
1816:
811:
199:
2913:"An Alternate View of the Late Byzantine Sanctuary Screen," in Thresholds of the Sacred: Art Historical, Archaeological, Liturgical and Theological Views on Religious Screens, East and West, ed. S. Gerstel
1291:
305:
One variation of the
Russian Cross is the 'Cross over Crescent', which is sometimes accompanied by "Gabriel perched on the top of the Cross blowing his trumpet." Didier Chaudet, in the academic journal
549:
1301:
2741:
2715:
2666:
1346:
1351:
707:
600:
273:
1321:
475:
In 1654, the Moscow council, erasing the vestiges of the canonical isolation of 1448–1589, coordinated
Russian Orthodox liturgy with that of other Orthodox churches. At this council,
4653:
294:, while the bottom crossbeam represents the footrest which prolongs the torture. In many depictions, the side to Christ's right is higher, slanting upward toward the penitent thief
2430:
Thus the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the
Terrible was also viewed as the triumph of Christianity over Islam, symbolized by the cross placed above the crescent atop Russian churches.
1636:
655:
1341:
843:
430:. However, it was used only in church paintings, arts and crafts, and never on church domes. There are old frescoes depicting this type of cross in the regions of modern
1411:
3118:
History of the development of the cross's forms. Short course of
Orthodox staurography [История развития формы креста. Краткий курс православной ставрографии]
2250:
1326:
1688:
1331:
464:". This was the first time the Russian Orthodox Cross was used on church domes. During 1577–1625, the Russian Orthodox cross was depicted between the heads of a
1649:
1336:
1148:
565:
241:
cross has also been referred to as the "Eastern Cross," and "has a special place in Ukrainian religious life" and has been used by Ukrainian Orthodox and
1535:
1266:
3076:Щербаківський В. Чи трираменний хрест із скісним підніжком – національний хрест України? // Визвольний шлях. — 1952, листопад. — Ч. 11 (62). С. 33—34.
2989:
1452:
1316:
1296:
403:). "Though commonly associated with the Russian Orthodox Church, this is found also in the Greek and Serbian Orthodox churches" and is also used by
335:, with which Jesus was wounded in his side, and to the right, the pole topped by a hyssop sponge with which he was given vinegar. Under Calvary are
4789:
1821:
1311:
1306:
1919:
1187:
1143:
2394:
805:
3132:
1826:
2243:
1909:
167:, first used this cross, with the footstool tilted the other way, on the domes of churches. From this time, it started to be depicted on the
713:
2767:Яременко В. Золоте Слово: Хрестоматія літератури України-Русі епохи Середньовіччя IX—XV століть. Книга перша. — Київ: Аконіт, 2002. С. 485.
1239:
132:, although it bears some similarity to a cross with a bottom crossbeam slanted the other way (upwards) found since the 6th century in the
3161:
2035:
1442:
1249:
984:
869:
747:
449:", successors of Byzantium and defenders of Orthodoxy. In 1551 at the council of the canonically isolated Russian Orthodox Church, the
400:
155:
The earliest cross with a slanted footstool (pointing upwards, unlike the Russian cross) was introduced in the 6th century before the
2585:
1271:
1083:
1078:
751:
396:
2777:
2742:"Why are we seeing orthodox crosses on Ukrainian Greek Catholic churches and literature? Is the orthodox cross allowed to be used?"
2716:"Why are we seeing orthodox crosses on Ukrainian Greek Catholic churches and literature? Is the orthodox cross allowed to be used?"
2667:"Why are we seeing orthodox crosses on Ukrainian Greek Catholic churches and literature? Is the orthodox cross allowed to be used?"
2236:
1427:
1093:
1042:
1017:
760:
343:; the right-arm bone is usually above the left one, and believers fold their arms across their chests in this way during Orthodox
2455:
1939:
1047:
675:
136:. The Russian Orthodox cross has three horizontal crossbeams, with the lowest one slanted downwards. Today it is a symbol of the
775:
186:
One variant known as the Russian cross has only two horizontal crossbeams with the lower one slanted; another is the cross over
1631:
1588:
1088:
1007:
889:
159:, and was used in Byzantine frescoes, arts, and crafts. In 1551 during the canonical isolation of the Russian Orthodox Church,
3018:
2977:
2871:
2612:
2423:
2343:
2216:
1934:
1659:
1654:
312:, writes that an "emblem of the Orthodox Church is a cross on top on a crescent. It is said that this symbol was devised by
237:, Russian Orthodox cross, etc.) are sometimes denominated as Byzantine crosses, as they also were used in Byzantine culture.
2654:
4794:
2206:
2196:
2023:
1800:
1682:
900:
878:
584:
4862:
1914:
2589:
1884:
1851:
1641:
1621:
1224:
2926:
1398:
639:
2653:
Chwalkowski F. Symbols in Arts, Religion and Culture: The Soul of Nature. — Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016. P.
691:
1714:
1574:
1511:
1027:
384:
3154:
1540:
1516:
1496:
1482:
308:
242:
298:, who according to the apocryphal tradition was crucified on Jesus' right, but downward toward impenitent thief
3055:Изотова О., Касперович Г., Гурко А., Бондарчик А. Кто живет в Беларуси. — Минск: «Беларуская навука», 2012. С.
2080:
17:
894:
624:
2051:
1979:
1744:
530:
The Russian Orthodox cross is depicted on emblems of several Russian ultra-nationalist organizations such as
340:
286:
4221:
4009:
2221:
1794:
1616:
1032:
1012:
992:
782:
531:
457:
3357:
2846:
at the bottom of the Crosses to signify the victory of the Cross (Christianity) over the Crescent (Islam).
2692:"View of Crosses of East Slavic Christianity among Ukrainians in Western Canada | Material Culture Review"
4857:
2171:
1462:
1037:
225:
Sometimes it is also called the Byzantine cross. Alternatively, "Byzantine cross" is also the name for a
2305:
3969:
3644:
3147:
2361:
1989:
1611:
1219:
1176:
1164:
827:
426:
The slanted cross with three horizontal crossbeams existed already in the 6th century, long before the
140:
and a distinctive feature of the cultural landscape of Russia. Other names for the symbol include the
3789:
2691:
1675:
1569:
1422:
1403:
1113:
874:
461:
404:
2395:Ірына Дубянецкая: Дзякуючы намаганням РПЦ пачынае мяняцца культурны ландшафт Беларусі (Фота і відэа)
4852:
4073:
3869:
3479:
3170:
2101:
1839:
1521:
1432:
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1229:
1138:
1118:
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965:
884:
176:
65:
31:
4303:
790:
4847:
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4337:
3939:
3219:
2552:
1944:
1709:
1491:
1447:
1437:
1234:
1103:
1098:
835:
743:
415:
376:
190:
variant. Some Russian sources distinguish the Russian Orthodox cross from the Orthodox cross. In
137:
3099:
214:
According to many sources the name of the three beam slanted cross is Russian (Orthodox) cross (
4698:
4627:
4349:
4029:
2801:
Chaudet, Didier (2009). "When the Bear Confronts the Crescent: Russia and the Jihadist Issue".
2573:
1376:
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571:
535:
469:
450:
380:
168:
164:
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2641:
2628:
2416:
Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security: The Politics of Identity and Security
2146:
1904:
1171:
Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
935:
442:
411:
171:
and military banners. In the second half of the 19th century, this cross was promoted by the
3425:
2927:"Imagery of Orthodox Easter | Vasileios Marinis and Martin Jean | Institute of Sacred Music"
284:
tradition is "The King of Glory", based on John's Gospel; but in later images it represents
4171:
4059:
4049:
3979:
3949:
3594:
3229:
2156:
2121:
1626:
1506:
1054:
960:
931:
427:
156:
4293:
2555:[Orthodox crosses: how to understand the meanings] (in Russian). 30 September 2011
456:
decided to standardize the cross on Russian church domes to distinguish Muscovy from the "
41:
8:
4814:
4438:
4039:
3959:
3919:
3909:
3353:
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2277:
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3126:
2116:
2046:
1760:
1699:
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1501:
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939:
849:
556:
280:
The topmost of the three crossbeams represents Pilate's inscription which in the older
4235:
3495:
4719:
4709:
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4287:
4277:
4151:
4141:
3801:
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2075:
1964:
1554:
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453:
257:
234:
160:
121:
3905:
4785:
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4227:
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3189:
2950:
2151:
2126:
1954:
1729:
1606:
1391:
1128:
1123:
955:
646:
489:
230:
215:
133:
4025:
3837:
3067:Русский крест: символика православного надглавного креста. — Москва, 2006. С. 147.
2832:
2820:
Kazan, as a symbol of the victory of Christianity over Islam through his soldiers.
2441:Русский крест: символика православного надглавного креста. — Москва, 2006. С. 149.
2009:
2004:
4495:
4307:
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3574:
3541:
3469:
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2515:
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2131:
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1214:
666:
497:
476:
348:
125:
4355:
4217:
3985:
3895:
3875:
3779:
3715:
3640:
3537:
410:
This cross is also found in Byzantine frescoes in churches now belonging to the
320:, as a symbol of the victory of Christianity over Islam through his soldiers".
4821:
4673:
4505:
4485:
4480:
4470:
4428:
4423:
4365:
4297:
4103:
3975:
3889:
3841:
3699:
3604:
3451:
3419:
3303:
3239:
3199:
2201:
1959:
1924:
1846:
1596:
1559:
1381:
504:
503:
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Russian Orthodox cross was promoted by the
295:
281:
246:
172:
4749:
3590:
2586:
Available Emblems of Belief for Placement on Government Headstones and Markers
4841:
4522:
4475:
4399:
4327:
4267:
4019:
3855:
3821:
3769:
3739:
3674:
3564:
3521:
3409:
3279:
3269:
3215:
2814:
2809:(2). Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program: 37–58.
2640:
Becker U. The Continuum Encyclopedia of Symbols. — New York London, 2000. P.
2500:
a Crescent, with Gabriel perched on the top of the Cross blowing his trumpet.
2379:Фещин А. Довірся Хресту // Християнский голос. — 2002. — № 18 (2854). С. 232.
2141:
2065:
2030:
1371:
682:
631:
524:
262:
180:
102:
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3965:
3205:
2451:
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853:
313:
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4375:
3560:
2467:Рэлігія і царква на Беларусі: Энцыкл. даведнік — Мн.: БелЭн, 2001. С. 168.
728:
229:
with outwardly spreading ends, as it was the most common cruciform in the
4826:
4725:
4559:
4532:
4448:
4137:
3929:
3847:
3811:
3765:
3759:
3654:
3630:
3584:
3570:
3465:
3259:
3249:
3085:Білокінь С. Українська форма хреста // Укр. слово. — 1994. — № 17 (2713).
1969:
1889:
1879:
1864:
1739:
1704:
1068:
1022:
997:
480:
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364:
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226:
83:
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3333:
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4735:
4705:
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4109:
4055:
4045:
4015:
3865:
3614:
3551:
3517:
3323:
3275:
2070:
1949:
1929:
1783:
446:
441:
At the end of the 15th century this cross started to be widely used in
332:
4755:
4677:
4405:
4333:
3955:
3935:
3915:
3827:
3807:
3705:
3507:
3457:
3363:
3195:
2604:
Manitou and God: North-American Indian religions and Christian culture
766:
472:. It was drawn on military banners until the end of the 17th century.
4759:
4715:
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4247:
4177:
4119:
4069:
4035:
3755:
3650:
3580:
3485:
3245:
1999:
1994:
1984:
1974:
1899:
1807:
1719:
1601:
970:
907:
698:
344:
4585:
4129:
3775:
3745:
3725:
3042:Нуруллаев А. А. Нуруллаев А. Ал. Религия и политика. — М., 2006. С.
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4729:
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4123:
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3995:
3660:
3441:
1859:
1789:
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1766:
1205:
591:
187:
4555:
4147:
3437:
3116:
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4545:
4536:
4157:
4005:
3945:
3925:
3899:
3600:
3447:
3313:
2271:
1874:
1724:
1182:
Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
1074:
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
575:
520:
512:
418:
churches. Also the Cross is used by the AIPCA churches in Kenya.
328:
191:
4395:
4263:
3670:
3527:
3405:
3265:
395:
in 1948 and 1951 respectively. It is also sometimes used by the
93:
58:
4243:
4187:
4161:
3735:
3685:
3610:
3531:
3395:
3005:
Shpakovsky, Viacheslav; Nicolle, David; McBride, Angus (2006).
2161:
1754:
731:(Poland): Crosses on the domes of the Church of the Holy Spirit
516:
484:
435:
431:
299:
266:
129:
4613:
3343:
3255:
483:
instead of Russian Orthodox cross. These reforms provoked the
331:, its slopes symbolized by steps. To the viewer's left is the
249:, and is used by Ukrainian Catholics and Orthodox Christians.
74:
4683:
4207:
1869:
1772:
317:
290:. The middle crossbeam is the main bar to which the victim's
4643:
4617:
4512:
3285:
3235:
2627:
Milo D. L. The Ankh: Key of Life. — Weiser Books, 2007. P.
1734:
508:
336:
285:
261:
Cross over Crescent variation of the Orthodox Cross at the
4663:
3139:
2364:. Воздвижение Честного и Животворящего Креста Господня //
4596:
4593:
3004:
2980:// Греко-Католицька Традиція №9 (193), вересень 2013 р.
2397:// Служба інфармацыі «ЕўраБеларусі», 16 ліпеня 2016 г.
2306:"The Russian Orthodox Cross - Questions & Answers"
1155:
Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches
245:. For example, this particular cross is dates back to
3011:
Armies of Ivan the Terrible: Russian Troops 1505-1700
2335:
Symbols - Encyclopedia of Western Signs and Ideograms
2452:Традыцыі ўшанавання крыжа беларусамі ў канцы XIX ст.
2267:
3102:. Church of the Nativity: Russian Orthodox Old Rite
716:, the resting place of many eminent Russian émigrés
375:The Russian (Orthodox) cross is widely used by the
2778:"Why Orthodox Christians see triumph in the cross"
2553:"Православные кресты: как разобраться в значениях"
327:, in which the cross is situated atop the hill of
2866:. Vol. 1. John Wiley and Sons. p. 170.
2864:The encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
2520:Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies
559:(1380). A warrior bears a red banner with a cross
4839:
4790:Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross
2607:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 121–122.
2362:Святейший Патриарх Московский и всея Руси Кирилл
2389:
2387:
2385:
2739:
2475:
2473:
3155:
3070:
2547:
2545:
2510:
2508:
2244:
2978:Св. Хрест, його форма та різновиди в Україні
2763:
2761:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2382:
157:break between Catholic and Orthodox churches
2647:
2574:Unicode Character 'ORTHODOX CROSS' (U+2626)
2470:
3162:
3148:
3131:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2995:// Наша Слова. № 29 (817) 1 жнiўня 2007 г.
2888:"Cross, Orthodox | City of Grove Oklahoma"
2542:
2505:
2357:
2355:
2327:
2325:
2251:
2237:
748:American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese
714:Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery
401:American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese
3114:
2972:
2970:
2758:
2400:
752:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
445:when its rulers declared themselves the "
397:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
276:Calvary variant of Russian Orthodox Cross
2857:
2851:
2375:
2373:
2366:Тихвинский листок №41, 27 Сентября 2017.
2331:
590:Coat of arms of Russia from the seal of
347:. Around the cross are abbreviations in
271:
256:
2910:
2800:
2794:
2479:
2352:
2322:
14:
4840:
2967:
2740:Communications, Eparchy (2020-09-15).
2634:
2600:
2413:
769:(Slovakia): Cross in front of a church
746:: Christ the Saviour Cathedral of the
3143:
3061:
2983:
2370:
379:, and has been widely adopted in the
4795:List of tallest crosses in the world
3100:"Explanation of the Three-Bar Cross"
2207:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
1817:Differences from the Catholic Church
1683:History of Eastern Orthodox theology
316:, after the conquest of the city of
3027:
1529:Other possible ecumenical councils:
1292:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
24:
2862:. In John Anthony McGuckin (ed.).
2833:"Church Building and Its Services"
2590:Supreme Court of the United States
323:Another variation is the monastic
124:traditions) is a variation of the
92:
73:
57:
40:
25:
4874:
3092:
3013:. Osprey Publishing. p. 23.
2803:China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly
1399:American Orthodox Catholic Church
492:(1672–1725), who transformed the
309:China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly
4820:
4808:
4784:
4774:
4764:
4754:
4744:
4734:
4724:
4714:
4704:
4692:
4682:
4672:
4662:
4652:
4642:
4632:
4622:
4612:
4584:
4574:
4564:
4554:
4544:
4404:
4394:
4384:
4374:
4364:
4354:
4344:
4332:
4322:
4312:
4302:
4292:
4282:
4272:
4262:
4252:
4242:
4234:
4226:
4216:
4206:
4196:
4186:
4176:
4166:
4156:
4146:
4136:
4128:
4118:
4108:
4098:
4082:
4064:
4054:
4044:
4034:
4024:
4014:
4004:
3994:
3984:
3974:
3964:
3954:
3944:
3934:
3924:
3914:
3904:
3894:
3884:
3874:
3864:
3854:
3846:
3836:
3826:
3816:
3806:
3796:
3784:
3774:
3764:
3754:
3744:
3734:
3724:
3714:
3704:
3694:
3684:
3669:
3659:
3649:
3639:
3629:
3619:
3609:
3599:
3589:
3579:
3569:
3559:
3546:
3536:
3526:
3516:
3506:
3494:
3484:
3474:
3464:
3456:
3446:
3436:
3424:
3414:
3404:
3394:
3384:
3372:
3362:
3352:
3342:
3332:
3322:
3312:
3302:
3292:
3284:
3274:
3264:
3254:
3244:
3234:
3224:
3214:
3204:
3194:
3184:
2270:
1302:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
842:
804:
789:
774:
759:
736:
721:
706:
690:
674:
654:
638:
623:
611:
606:Russian military flag, 1696–1699
599:
583:
564:
555:A 17th-century miniature of the
548:
370:
360:
356:
352:
27:Variation of the Christian cross
3079:
3049:
3036:
2998:
2943:
2919:
2904:
2880:
2858:McGuckin, John Anthony (2011).
2825:
2770:
2733:
2708:
2684:
2659:
2621:
2594:
2579:
2567:
1622:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
1483:First Seven Ecumenical Councils
387:Churches, which received their
359:- Иисус Христос, Jesus Christ;
355:— «Царь Славы», Lord of Glory;
3007:"Infantry and cavalry banners"
2601:Thomas, Robert Murray (2007).
2461:
2444:
2435:
2298:
405:Eastern Rite Catholic Churches
13:
1:
2291:
2052:Intercession of the Theotokos
1827:Opposition to papal supremacy
1646:Moscow–Constantinople schism
1347:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
194:the symbol (☦) is denoted as
1617:Christianization of Bulgaria
783:Brotherhood of Russian Truth
532:Brotherhood of Russian Truth
7:
3169:
2483:Through Russia on a Mustang
2263:
2172:Photios I of Constantinople
1689:20th century (Neo-Palamism)
1612:Christianization of Georgia
630:A copper cross typical for
618:Russian military flag, 1706
243:Byzantine Catholic churches
202:headstone emblem is called
10:
4879:
4863:National symbols of Russia
3115:Kuznetsov, V. P. (1997).
2338:. Ionfox AB. p. 140.
2332:Liungman, Carl G. (2004).
1822:Opposition to the Filioque
1365:Noncanonical jurisdictions
818:5 "Russian Orthodox cross"
541:
421:
252:
220:русский православный крест
169:Russian state coat of arms
128:since the 16th century in
29:
4803:
4605:
4531:
4416:
4091:
4080:
3177:
2516:"Russian Orthodox Church"
2059:The four fasting periods:
1940:Eastern Orthodox marriage
1548:Other important councils:
1404:American World Patriarchs
1322:Great Britain and Ireland
661:A modern memorial to Ss.
385:Czech and Slovak Orthodox
219:
4590:Staurogram/Monogrammatic
2993:Крыж Еўфрасінні Полацкай
2911:Gerstel, Sharon (2006).
2480:Stevens, Thomas (1891).
2414:Hunter, Shireen (2016).
2102:Athanasius of Alexandria
1352:United States of America
1144:Czech Lands and Slovakia
966:Four Marks of the Church
177:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
32:Russian cross (religion)
30:Not to be confused with
4815:Christianity portal
1935:Eastern Orthodox bowing
836:Eastern Orthodox Church
744:Johnstown, Pennsylvania
479:ordered the use of the
377:Russian Orthodox Church
209:
138:Russian Orthodox Church
4628:Armenian eternity sign
3200:Anchored/Saint Clement
2955:www.stgeorgecanton.org
2212:Eastern Orthodox cross
1377:Spiritual Christianity
572:Coat of arms of Russia
536:Russian National Unity
525:Russification policies
470:coat of arms of Russia
451:Grand Prince of Moscow
277:
269:
204:Russian Orthodox cross
165:Grand Prince of Moscow
114:Russian Orthodox Cross
97:
78:
62:
45:
4740:Shield of the Trinity
3822:Portate/Saint Gilbert
3121:(in Russian). Moscow.
2892:www.cityofgroveok.gov
2782:The Christian Century
2222:Statistics by country
2147:Maximus the Confessor
1575:Constantinople (1872)
275:
260:
96:
77:
61:
44:
4513:Rood/Triumphal cross
3950:Saint James/Santiago
3900:Saltire/Saint Andrew
3575:Grapevine/Saint Nino
2157:Theodore the Studite
2122:Gregory of Nazianzus
1980:Russian bell ringing
1905:Liturgical entrances
1715:Essence vs. Energies
1710:Contemplative prayer
1463:Evangelical Orthodox
1285:Episcopal assemblies
1008:Ecumenical Patriarch
961:Apostolic succession
578:(the Terrible), 1577
4780:Triskelion/Triskele
4222:Cuthbert's pectoral
3645:Jerusalem (Kingdom)
3635:Jerusalem/Crusaders
2696:journals.lib.unb.ca
2486:. Cassell. p.
2278:Christianity portal
2167:Cyril and Methodius
2137:Cyril of Alexandria
2024:Liturgical calendar
1840:Liturgy and worship
1476:Ecumenical councils
879:History of theology
663:Cyril and Methodius
494:Moscow Patriarchate
466:double-headed eagle
393:Patriarch of Moscow
179:as a symbol of its
4858:Crosses by culture
2915:. pp. 146–47.
2117:Cyril of Jerusalem
2047:Feast of Orthodoxy
1342:Spain and Portugal
850:Christ Pantocrator
557:Battle of Kulikovo
278:
270:
98:
79:
63:
46:
4835:
4834:
4750:Sunwheel swastika
4133:Blanc croix rouge
3020:978-1-84176-925-7
2873:978-1-4051-8539-4
2614:978-0-313-34779-5
2458:. № 3 (65), 2013.
2425:978-1-315-29011-9
2345:978-91-972705-0-2
2286:Cross of Lorraine
2261:
2260:
2112:Basil of Caesarea
2107:Ephrem the Syrian
1990:Sign of the cross
1965:Paschal troparion
1745:Mystical theology
1555:Quinisext Council
1256:Semi-Autonomous:
901:View of salvation
574:from the seal of
454:Ivan the Terrible
389:autonomous status
314:Ivan the Terrible
235:patriarchal cross
233:. Other crosses (
161:Ivan the Terrible
150:Suppedaneum cross
110:
109:
16:(Redirected from
4870:
4825:
4824:
4813:
4812:
4788:
4778:
4768:
4758:
4748:
4738:
4728:
4718:
4708:
4696:
4686:
4676:
4666:
4656:
4646:
4636:
4626:
4616:
4588:
4578:
4568:
4558:
4548:
4408:
4398:
4388:
4378:
4368:
4358:
4348:
4336:
4326:
4316:
4306:
4296:
4286:
4276:
4266:
4256:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4220:
4210:
4202:Cross cramponnée
4200:
4190:
4180:
4170:
4160:
4150:
4140:
4132:
4122:
4112:
4102:
4086:
4085:
4068:
4060:Syriac (Western)
4058:
4050:Syriac (Eastern)
4048:
4038:
4030:Serbian Orthodox
4028:
4018:
4008:
3998:
3988:
3978:
3968:
3958:
3948:
3938:
3928:
3918:
3908:
3898:
3888:
3880:Russian Orthodox
3878:
3868:
3858:
3850:
3840:
3830:
3820:
3810:
3800:
3788:
3778:
3768:
3758:
3748:
3738:
3728:
3718:
3708:
3698:
3688:
3673:
3663:
3653:
3643:
3633:
3623:
3613:
3603:
3593:
3583:
3573:
3563:
3550:
3540:
3530:
3520:
3510:
3498:
3488:
3478:
3468:
3460:
3450:
3440:
3428:
3418:
3408:
3398:
3388:
3376:
3366:
3356:
3346:
3336:
3326:
3316:
3306:
3296:
3288:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3248:
3238:
3228:
3218:
3208:
3198:
3188:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3122:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3086:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3002:
2996:
2987:
2981:
2974:
2965:
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2923:
2917:
2916:
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2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2835:. Orthodox World
2829:
2823:
2822:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2746:Edmonton Eparchy
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2720:Edmonton Eparchy
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2671:Edmonton Eparchy
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2638:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2598:
2592:
2583:
2577:
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2320:
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2317:
2316:
2302:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2152:John of Damascus
2127:Gregory of Nyssa
1955:Paschal greeting
1920:Memorial service
1730:Hypostatic union
1607:Byzantine Empire
1392:Old Calendarists
1013:Episcopal polity
956:Christian Church
846:
823:
822:
817:
814:Headstone Emblem
808:
793:
778:
763:
740:
725:
710:
697:Coat of arms of
694:
681:Coat of arms of
678:
658:
647:Russian Orthodox
642:
627:
615:
603:
587:
568:
552:
416:Serbian Orthodox
362:
358:
354:
288:
231:Byzantine Empire
221:
134:Byzantine Empire
122:Russian Orthodox
37:
36:
21:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4853:Crosses by form
4838:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4827:Arts portal
4819:
4807:
4799:
4601:
4527:
4412:
4087:
4083:
4078:
3750:Order of Christ
3542:Globus cruciger
3358:Catherine wheel
3173:
3168:
3124:
3123:
3105:
3103:
3098:
3095:
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2550:
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2527:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2492:
2490:
2478:
2471:
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2449:
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2440:
2436:
2426:
2412:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2378:
2371:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2330:
2323:
2314:
2312:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2257:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2177:Gregory Palamas
2132:John Chrysostom
2096:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2056:
2036:12 Great Feasts
2026:
2016:
2015:
2014:
1910:Liturgical fans
1852:Divine Services
1842:
1832:
1831:
1813:
1678:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1591:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1545:
1526:
1478:
1468:
1467:
1459:
1408:
1387:Catacomb Church
1366:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1327:Italy and Malta
1286:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1254:
1245:Bessarabia (RP)
1209:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1169:
1153:
1149:North Macedonia
1072:
1061:
1060:
1059:
987:
977:
976:
975:
944:
941:
926:
918:
856:
819:
815:
809:
800:
794:
785:
779:
770:
764:
755:
741:
732:
726:
717:
711:
702:
695:
686:
679:
670:
667:Khanty-Mansiysk
659:
650:
643:
634:
628:
619:
616:
607:
604:
595:
588:
579:
569:
560:
553:
544:
498:Most Holy Synod
477:Patriarch Nikon
424:
381:Polish Orthodox
373:
349:Church Slavonic
341:skull and bones
292:hands are fixed
255:
212:
126:Christian cross
106:
99:
87:
80:
52:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4876:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4848:Byzantine Rite
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4817:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4782:
4772:
4762:
4752:
4742:
4732:
4722:
4712:
4710:Solomon's knot
4702:
4690:
4680:
4670:
4660:
4650:
4640:
4630:
4620:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4602:
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4510:
4509:
4508:
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4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4402:
4392:
4382:
4380:Teutonic Order
4372:
4362:
4352:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4320:
4310:
4300:
4290:
4280:
4270:
4260:
4250:
4240:
4232:
4224:
4214:
4204:
4194:
4192:Coptic (Early)
4184:
4174:
4164:
4154:
4144:
4134:
4126:
4116:
4106:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4081:
4079:
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4076:
4062:
4052:
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4022:
4012:
4002:
3992:
3982:
3972:
3962:
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3942:
3932:
3922:
3912:
3902:
3892:
3882:
3872:
3862:
3852:
3844:
3834:
3824:
3814:
3804:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3772:
3762:
3752:
3742:
3732:
3722:
3712:
3702:
3692:
3682:
3677:
3667:
3657:
3647:
3637:
3627:
3617:
3607:
3597:
3595:Greek Orthodox
3587:
3577:
3567:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3534:
3524:
3514:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3482:
3472:
3462:
3454:
3452:Cruciform halo
3444:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3412:
3402:
3392:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3360:
3350:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3310:
3300:
3290:
3282:
3272:
3262:
3252:
3242:
3232:
3230:Archiepiscopal
3222:
3212:
3202:
3192:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3112:
3094:
3093:External links
3091:
3088:
3087:
3078:
3069:
3060:
3048:
3035:
3026:
3019:
2997:
2982:
2966:
2942:
2918:
2903:
2879:
2872:
2850:
2824:
2793:
2769:
2757:
2732:
2707:
2683:
2658:
2646:
2633:
2620:
2613:
2593:
2578:
2566:
2541:
2504:
2469:
2460:
2443:
2434:
2424:
2399:
2381:
2369:
2351:
2344:
2321:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2078:
2076:Apostles' Fast
2073:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:Use of incense
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:Paschal Homily
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:Memory Eternal
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1847:Divine Liturgy
1843:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1637:Ottoman Empire
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:Church Fathers
1593:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1382:True Orthodoxy
1379:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1079:Constantinople
1075:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
989:
988:
983:
982:
979:
978:
974:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
947:
946:
945:
930:
927:
924:
923:
920:
919:
917:
916:
911:
904:
897:
895:Holy Mysteries
892:
890:Church history
887:
882:
872:
866:
863:
862:
858:
857:
847:
839:
838:
832:
831:
821:
820:
810:
803:
801:
795:
788:
786:
780:
773:
771:
765:
758:
756:
742:
735:
733:
727:
720:
718:
712:
705:
703:
696:
689:
687:
680:
673:
671:
660:
653:
651:
644:
637:
635:
629:
622:
620:
617:
610:
608:
605:
598:
596:
589:
582:
580:
570:
563:
561:
554:
547:
543:
540:
505:Russian Empire
423:
420:
372:
369:
254:
251:
211:
208:
196:Orthodox cross
175:in the former
173:Russian Empire
118:Orthodox Cross
108:
107:
100:
89:
88:
81:
70:
69:
54:
53:
50:Orthodox cross
48:
26:
18:Orthodox cross
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4875:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4407:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4075:
4074:Saint Anthony
4071:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3970:Saint Patrick
3967:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3931:
3930:Saint Florian
3927:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:In modern use
3176:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3134:
3128:
3120:
3119:
3113:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3045:
3039:
3030:
3022:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2956:
2952:
2951:"- The Cross"
2946:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2914:
2907:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2834:
2828:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2764:
2762:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2643:
2637:
2630:
2624:
2616:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2575:
2570:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2538:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2501:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2476:
2474:
2464:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2438:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2418:. Routledge.
2417:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2328:
2326:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2268:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2142:John Climacus
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2095:Major figures
2092:
2091:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Nativity Fast
2064:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:Other feasts:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:Paschal cycle
2029:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1642:North America
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:Old Believers
1370:
1369:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:Latin America
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1240:Americas (RP)
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:jurisdictions
1207:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1188:Ukraine (UOC)
1186:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1177:Ukraine (OCU)
1175:
1174:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1071:jurisdictions
1070:
1069:Autocephalous
1065:
1064:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
986:
981:
980:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
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4533:Christograms
4501:Processional
4434:Conciliation
4360:Saint Julian
4172:Consecration
4010:Saint Thomas
3990:Saint Philip
3940:Saint George
3879:
3210:Anuradhapura
3117:
3104:. Retrieved
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2722:. 2020-09-15
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2217:Saint titles
2211:
2197:Architecture
2190:Other topics
1895:Jesus Prayer
1806:
1799:
1782:
1765:
1759:
1750:Nicene Creed
1725:Holy Trinity
1700:Apophaticism
1650:15th–16th c.
1627:Great Schism
1267:Estonia (MP)
1255:
1250:Moldova (MP)
1225:Estonia (EP)
1193:
1181:
1170:
1156:
1154:
1003:Patriarchate
985:Organization
951:Christianity
938: /
936:Resurrection
934: /
908:View of Mary
906:
899:
854:Hagia Sophia
781:Flag of the
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4720:Scientology
4560:IX monogram
4417:By function
4350:Saint Alban
4152:Carolingian
4040:Short Sword
4000:Saint Piran
3980:Saint Peter
3920:Saint David
3802:Patriarchal
3655:Latin/Roman
3480:Evangelists
3260:Balkenkreuz
3250:Arrow/Barby
3106:October 20,
2976:Гнідець Р.
2559:21 February
2393:Бурштын Я.
2310:www.oca.org
1970:Prayer rope
1890:Iconostasis
1880:Euchologion
1865:Apolytikion
1740:Metousiosis
1705:Chrismation
1337:Scandinavia
1043:Monasticism
998:Autocephaly
932:Crucifixion
750:(under the
481:Greek cross
365:schema-monk
247:Kievan Rus'
227:Latin cross
198:. The same
84:Greek cross
4842:Categories
4390:Two-barred
4092:Historical
3960:Saint John
3910:Saint Chad
3851:Resistance
3665:Macedonian
3554:'s variant
3552:Archbishop
3348:Canterbury
3220:Archangels
2960:2021-07-03
2936:2021-07-03
2897:2021-07-03
2787:2021-07-03
2751:2024-01-30
2726:2021-07-03
2701:2021-07-03
2677:2021-07-03
2315:2021-07-03
2292:References
2071:Great Lent
1950:Paraklesis
1930:Omophorion
1885:Holy Water
1784:Philokalia
1443:Montenegro
1272:ROCOR (MP)
1262:Crete (EP)
1235:China (MP)
1230:Japan (MP)
1206:Autonomous
1084:Alexandria
925:Background
848:Mosaic of
458:Lithuanian
447:Third Rome
361:СН҃Ъ БЖ҃ІЙ
353:ЦР҃Ь СЛ҃ВЫ
333:Holy Lance
296:St. Dismas
4537:Chrismons
4496:Preaching
4338:Quarterly
4308:Nestorian
4248:Gammadion
4231:Engrailed
3470:Ethiopian
3318:Byzantine
3298:Bulgarian
3127:cite book
2815:1653-4212
2526:: 4. 1993
2456:Наша Вера
2450:Мілаш Я.
2081:Dormition
2005:Vestments
2000:Troparion
1995:Sticheron
1985:Semantron
1975:Prosphora
1900:Kontakion
1808:Theotokos
1761:Oikonomia
1720:Hesychasm
1602:Pentarchy
1570:Jerusalem
1414:churches:
1094:Jerusalem
1018:Canon law
971:Orthodoxy
940:Ascension
870:Structure
729:Białystok
699:Perm Krai
496:into the
391:from the
367:'s robe.
345:communion
4770:Swastika
4730:Shamrock
4658:Kolovrat
4648:Irminsul
4606:See also
4506:Lalibela
4486:Pectoral
4481:Necklace
4471:Memorial
4439:Heraldry
4429:Blessing
4288:Lorraine
4258:Jewelled
4104:Avellane
3842:Quadrate
3730:Novgorod
3700:Maronite
3625:Jeremiah
3605:Huguenot
3442:Crucifix
3420:Crosslet
3390:Cercelée
3338:Camargue
3308:Burgundy
3240:Armenian
2839:28 March
2493:28 March
2264:See also
2162:Kassiani
1860:Akathist
1790:Phronema
1778:Palamism
1767:Akribeia
1676:Theology
1423:Abkhazia
1412:National
1114:Bulgaria
1055:Bratstvo
993:Autonomy
942:of Jesus
875:Theology
861:Overview
828:a series
826:Part of
796:Flag of
669:, Russia
592:Fyodor I
383:and the
188:crescent
183:policy.
146:Slavonic
120:by some
4678:Mjölnir
4668:Lauburu
4638:Ichthys
4570:Labarum
4550:Chi Rho
4523:Wayside
4476:Mission
4400:Victory
4370:Templar
4328:Pierced
4318:Peñalba
4278:Lazarus
4268:Katanga
4239:Erminée
4020:Serbian
3870:Russian
3790:Fitchée
3770:Patonce
3740:Occitan
3675:Maltese
3565:Gnostic
3522:Fourchy
3410:Cossack
3378:Variant
3328:Calvary
3280:Bottony
3270:Bolnisi
3190:Alcoraz
3171:Crosses
2990:Белы А.
2860:"Cross"
1875:Ectenia
1801:Theosis
1589:History
1522:Seventh
1428:Belarus
1317:Germany
1297:Austria
1220:Finland
1165:America
1157:de jure
1139:Albania
1119:Georgia
1109:Romania
1089:Antioch
1048:Degrees
1038:Deacons
1033:Priests
1028:Bishops
885:Liturgy
877: (
767:Svidník
576:Ivan IV
542:Gallery
521:Ukraine
513:Belarus
468:in the
443:Muscovy
422:History
357:ІС҃ ХС҃
329:Calvary
253:Meaning
216:Russian
192:Unicode
4518:Summit
4491:Plague
4466:Mercat
4461:Market
4444:Nordic
4409:Voided
4182:Coptic
4162:Chouan
4142:Brigid
3860:Ringed
3832:Potent
3780:Pattée
3720:Nordic
3710:Moline
3690:Marian
3680:Marada
3532:Fylfot
3512:Forked
3500:Fitchy
3490:Fleury
3461:Double
3430:Fitchy
3400:Coptic
3368:Celtic
3289:Branch
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2870:
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2537:Islam.
2530:20 May
2422:
2342:
1945:Praxis
1755:Nepsis
1632:Russia
1565:Moscow
1536:Eighth
1507:Fourth
1497:Second
1453:UOC–KP
1448:Turkey
1438:Latvia
1312:France
1307:Canada
1134:Poland
1129:Greece
1124:Cyprus
1104:Serbia
1099:Russia
1023:Clergy
830:on the
816:
701:, 2007
685:, 2005
649:priest
594:, 1589
517:Poland
485:Raskol
436:Serbia
432:Greece
300:Gestas
267:Moscow
144:, and
130:Russia
4449:Pisan
4424:Altar
4298:Neith
4212:Crown
4124:Black
3890:Salem
3812:Pommy
3760:Papal
3585:Greek
1870:Artos
1773:Ousia
1735:Icons
1560:Jassy
1541:Ninth
1517:Sixth
1512:Fifth
1502:Third
1492:First
1433:Italy
1215:Sinai
412:Greek
318:Kazan
282:Greek
4699:Rota
4688:Rose
4618:Ankh
4456:High
4114:Aviz
3615:Iron
3133:link
3108:2011
3015:ISBN
2868:ISBN
2841:2014
2811:ISSN
2609:ISBN
2561:2018
2532:2015
2495:2014
2420:ISBN
2340:ISBN
2202:Folk
2083:Fast
1915:Lity
1660:2018
1655:1996
812:USVA
534:and
519:and
509:USSR
507:and
434:and
414:and
337:Adam
287:INRI
210:Name
200:USVA
112:The
4760:Sun
4597:Rho
4594:Tau
4070:Tau
3057:740
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