Orca - Knowledge

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approximately 20 vessels for 12 hours a day during the months May–September. Researchers discovered that these vessels are in the line of sight for these whales for 98–99.5% of daylight hours. With so many vessels, the air quality around these whales deteriorates and impacts their health. Air pollutants that bind with exhaust fumes are responsible for the activation of the cytochrome P450 1A gene family. Researchers have successfully identified this gene in skin biopsies of live whales and also the lungs of deceased whales. A direct correlation between activation of this gene and the air pollutants can not be made because there are other known factors that will induce the same gene. Vessels can have either wet or dry exhaust systems, with wet exhaust systems leaving more pollutants in the water due to various gas solubility. A modelling study determined that the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) of exhaust pollutants was about 12% of the human dose.

1861:. Dialects are composed of specific numbers and types of discrete, repetitive calls. They are complex and stable over time. Call patterns and structure are distinctive within matrilines. Newborns produce calls similar to their mothers, but have a more limited repertoire. Individuals likely learn their dialect through contact with pod members. Family-specific calls have been observed more frequently in the days following a calf's birth, which may help the calf learn them. Dialects are probably an important means of maintaining group identity and cohesiveness. Similarity in dialects likely reflects the degree of relatedness between pods, with variation growing over time. When pods meet, dominant call types decrease and subset call types increase. The use of both call types is called biphonation. The increased subset call types may be the distinguishing factor between pods and inter-pod relations. 2683: 707: 950:. The orca is mostly black but with sharply bordered white areas. The entire lower jaw is white and from here, the colouration stretches across the underside to the genital area; narrowing and expanding some, and extending into lateral flank patches close to the end. The tail fluke (fin) is also white on the underside, while the eyes have white oval-shaped patches behind and above them, and a grey or white "saddle patch" exists behind the dorsal fin and across the back. Males and females also have different patterns of black and white skin in their genital areas. In newborns, the white areas are yellow or orange coloured. Antarctic orcas may have pale grey to nearly white backs. Some Antarctic orcas are brown and yellow due to 2504:. The captain of the vessel reported this was the second attack on a vessel under his command and the orcas focused on the rudders. "Looks like they knew exactly what they are doing. They didn't touch anything else." After an orca repeatedly rammed a vessel off the coast of Norway in 2023, there is a concern the behavior is spreading to other areas. This has led to recommendations that sailors now carry bags of sand. Dropping sand into the water near the rudder is thought to confuse the sonar signal. Experts were divided as to whether the behavior was some sort of revenge or protection response to a previous traumatic incident, or playful or frustrated attempts to get a boat's propeller to emit a stream of high-speed water. 145: 1441: 2321: 1971: 2446: 1458: 1024: 172: 376: 2599: 1695: 1749: 2048: 1172: 1190: 931: 2201:

noises detected with underwater microphones were sonar. The sound originated from a U.S. Navy frigate 12 miles (19 kilometres) distant, Balcomb said." The impact of sonar waves on orcas is potentially life-threatening. Three years prior to Balcomb's discovery, research in the Bahamas showed 14 beaked whales washed up on the shore. These whales were beached on the day U.S. Navy destroyers were activated into sonar exercise. Of the 14 whales beached, six of them died. These six dead whales were studied, and

1106: 240: 1923: 198: 966: 666: 2926: 2555: 2884: 1938:, but have also overcome a variety of techniques designed to stop them, such as the use of unbaited lines as decoys. Once, fishermen placed their boats several miles apart, taking turns retrieving small amounts of their catch, in the hope that the whales would not have enough time to move between boats to steal the catch as it was being retrieved. The tactic worked initially, but the orcas figured it out quickly and split into groups. 939:(3.0 to 3.9 long tons; 3.3 to 4.4 short tons). Orcas may attain larger sizes as males have been recorded at 9.8 m (32 ft) and females at 8.5 m (28 ft). Large males can reach a weight of over 10 t (9.8 long tons; 11 short tons). Calves at birth weigh about 180 kg (400 lb) and are about 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) long. The skeleton of the orca is typical for an oceanic dolphin, but more robust. 2801: 2912: 1390: 1421:

signs of orca attack via tooth rake marks. Pods of female sperm whales sometimes protect themselves by forming a protective circle around their calves with their flukes facing outwards, using them to repel the attackers. There is also evidence that humpback whales will defend against or mob orcas who are attacking either humpback calves or juveniles as well as members of other species.

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of transient offspring from natal matrilines is common, with juveniles and adults of both sexes participating. Some males become "rovers" and do not form long-term associations, occasionally joining groups that contain reproductive females. As in resident clans, transient community members share an acoustic repertoire, although regional differences in vocalizations have been noted.

2898: 2031:, once thought to occur only in captive orcas, was observed in wild populations by researchers off British Columbia on December 2, 2016. In this incident, an adult male killed the calf of a female within the same pod, with the adult male's mother also joining in the assault. It is theorized that the male killed the young calf in order to mate with its mother (something that 993:. The snout is blunt and lacks the beak of other species. The orca's teeth are very strong, and its jaws exert a powerful grip; the upper teeth fall into the gaps between the lower teeth when the mouth is closed. The firm middle and back teeth hold prey in place, while the front teeth are inclined slightly forward and outward to protect them from powerful jerking movements. 1263:: the orcas force the herring into a tight ball by releasing bursts of bubbles or flashing their white undersides. They then slap the ball with their tail flukes, stunning or killing up to 15 fish at a time, then eating them one by one. Carousel feeding has been documented only in the Norwegian orca population, as well as some oceanic dolphin species. 1838:, orcas depend heavily on underwater sound for orientation, feeding, and communication. They produce three categories of sounds: clicks, whistles, and pulsed calls. Clicks are believed to be used primarily for navigation and discriminating prey and other objects in the surrounding environment, but are also commonly heard during social interactions. 8240: 1600: 1218:. Different populations or ecotypes may specialize, and some can have a dramatic impact on prey species. However, whales in tropical areas appear to have more generalized diets due to lower food productivity. Orcas spend most of their time at shallow depths, but occasionally dive several hundred metres depending on their prey. 866:"residents", mammal-eating "transients" and "offshores". Other populations have not been as well studied, although specialized fish and mammal eating orcas have been distinguished elsewhere. Mammal-eating orcas in different regions were long thought likely to be closely related, but genetic testing has refuted this hypothesis. 1358:. While hunting these species, orcas usually have to chase them to exhaustion. For highly social species, orca pods try to separate an individual from its group. Larger groups have a better chance of preventing their prey from escaping, which is killed by being thrown around, rammed and jumped on. Arctic orcas may attack 1318:. Competition between orcas and white sharks is probable in regions where their diets overlap. The arrival of orcas in an area can cause white sharks to flee and forage elsewhere. Orcas appear to target the liver of sharks. In one case a single orca was observed killing and eating a great white shark on its own. 2558: 2557: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2563: 2625:

Bigg's techniques also revealed the Pacific Northwest population was in the low hundreds rather than the thousands that had been previously assumed. The southern resident community alone had lost 48 of its members to captivity; by 1976, only 80 remained. In the Pacific Northwest, the species that had

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Transient pods are smaller than resident pods, typically consisting of an adult female and one or two of her offspring. Males typically maintain stronger relationships with their mothers than other females. These bonds can extend well into adulthood. Unlike residents, extended or permanent separation

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were standing. The sled dogs' barking is speculated to have sounded enough like seal calls to trigger the orca's hunting curiosity. In the 1970s, a surfer in California was bitten, but the Orca then retreated, and in 2005, a boy in Alaska who was splashing in a region frequented by harbour seals was

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Worldwide population estimates are uncertain, but recent consensus suggests a minimum of 50,000 (2006). Local estimates include roughly 25,000 in the Antarctic, 8,500 in the tropical Pacific, 2,250–2,700 off the cooler northeast Pacific and 500–1,500 off Norway. Japan's Fisheries Agency estimated in

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indicates the two Antarctic groups (types B and C) should be recognized as distinct species, as should the North Pacific transients, leaving the others as subspecies pending additional data. A 2019 study of Type D orcas also found them to be distinct from other populations and possibly even a unique

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populations in the 1990s was controversially attributed by some scientists to orca predation, although with no direct evidence. The decline of sea otters followed a decline in seal populations, which in turn may be substitutes for their original prey, now decimated by industrial whaling. Orcas have

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are not a significant food item. Depletion of specific prey species in an area is, therefore, cause for concern for local populations, despite the high diversity of prey. On average, an orca eats 227 kilograms (500 lb) each day. While salmon are usually hunted by an individual whale or a small

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Orcas are the largest extant members of the dolphin family. Males typically range from 6 to 8 m (20 to 26 ft) long and weigh in excess of 6 t (5.9 long tons; 6.6 short tons). Females are smaller, generally ranging from 5 to 7 m (16 to 23 ft) and weighing about 3 to 4 t

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will be split into a number of different species or at least subspecies over the next few years." Although large variation in the ecological distinctiveness of different orca groups complicate simple differentiation into types, research off the west coast of North America has identified fish-eating

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testing indicates resident males nearly always mate with females from other pods. Clans, the next level of resident social structure, are composed of pods with similar dialects, and common but older maternal heritage. Clan ranges overlap, mingling pods from different clans. The highest association

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abilities, detecting the location and characteristics of prey and other objects in the water by emitting clicks and listening for echoes, as do other members of the dolphin family. The mean body temperature of the orca is 36 to 38 °C (97 to 100 °F). Like most marine mammals, orcas have a

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region. Eleven members (about half) of one resident pod disappeared in the following year. The spill damaged salmon and other prey populations, which in turn damaged local orcas. By 2009, scientists estimated the AT1 transient population (considered part of a larger population of 346 transients),

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consisting of the eldest female (matriarch) and her sons and daughters, and the descendants of her daughters, etc. The average size of a matriline is 5.5 animals. Because females can reach age 90, as many as four generations travel together. These matrilineal groups are highly stable. Individuals

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has also been reported based on analysis of stomach contents, but this is likely to be the result of scavenging remains dumped by whalers. One orca was also attacked by its companions after being shot. Although resident orcas have never been observed to eat other marine mammals, they occasionally

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indicating the availability of prey to scavenge, and compressed air inflation of whale carcasses causing them to float, thus exposing them to scavenging. However, the devastation of great whale populations by unfettered whaling has possibly reduced their availability for orcas, and caused them to

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As a response to this, in 2017 boats off the British Columbia coast now have a minimum approach distance of 200 metres compared to the previous 100 metres. This new rule complements Washington State's minimum approach zone of 180 metres that has been in effect since 2011. If a whale approaches a

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temporarily to grab prey before wriggling back to the sea. Beaching, usually fatal to cetaceans, is not an instinctive behaviour, and can require years of practice for the young. Orcas can then release the animal near juvenile whales, allowing the younger whales to practice the difficult capture

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off the south coast of Western Australia, including an estimated 18–22-meter (59–72 ft) individual. Large whales require much effort and coordination to kill and orcas often target calves. A hunt begins with a chase followed by a violent attack on the exhausted prey. Large whales often show

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An individual orca can often be identified from its dorsal fin and saddle patch. Variations such as nicks, scratches, and tears on the dorsal fin and the pattern of white or grey in the saddle patch are unique. Published directories contain identifying photographs and names for hundreds of North

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continues to increase in popularity, but may have some problematic impacts on orcas. Exposure to exhaust gases from large amounts of vessel traffic is causing concern for the overall health of the 75 remaining southern resident orcas (SRKWs) left as of early 2019. This population is followed by

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near the Puget Sound coastline) noticed uncharacteristic behaviour displayed by the orcas. The whales seemed "agitated and were moving haphazardly, attempting to lift their heads free of the water" to escape the sound of the sonars. "Balcomb confirmed at the time that strange underwater pinging

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suggested no significant difference in survivorship between free-ranging and captive orcas. However, in the wild, females who survive infancy live 46 years on average, and up to 70–80 years in rare cases. Wild males who survive infancy live 31 years on average, and up to 50–60 years. Captivity

2823:. From 1976 to 1997, 55 whales were taken from the wild in Iceland, 19 from Japan, and three from Argentina. These figures exclude animals that died during capture. Live captures fell dramatically in the 1990s, and by 1999, about 40% of the 48 animals on display in the world were captive-born. 2499:

Beginning around 2020, one or more pods of orcas began to attack sailing vessels off the southern tip of Europe, and a few were sunk. At least 15 interactions between orcas and boats off the Iberian coast were reported in 2020. According to the Atlantic Orca Working Group (GTOA) as many as 500

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and Washington. They do not breed outside of their community, which was once estimated at around 200 animals and later shrank to around 90. In October 2008, the annual survey revealed seven were missing and presumed dead, reducing the count to 83. This is potentially the largest decline in the

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Dialects also distinguish types. Resident dialects contain seven to 17 (mean = 11) distinctive call types. All members of the North American west coast transient community express the same basic dialect, although minor regional variation in call types is evident. Preliminary research indicates

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was estimated by some researchers to have been as old as 105 years at the time of her death, though a biopsy sample indicated her age as 65 to 80 years. It is thought that orcas held in captivity tend to have shorter lives than those in the wild, although this is subject to scientific debate.

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in captivity and are often described as intelligent, although defining and measuring "intelligence" is difficult in a species whose environment and behavioural strategies are very different from those of humans. Orcas imitate others, and seem to deliberately teach skills to their kin. Off the

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Migration patterns are poorly understood. Each summer, the same individuals appear off the coasts of British Columbia and Washington. Despite decades of research, where these animals go for the rest of the year remains unknown. Transient pods have been sighted from southern Alaska to central

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The public's growing appreciation also led to growing opposition to whale–keeping in aquarium. Only one whale has been taken in North American waters since 1976. In recent years, the extent of the public's interest in orcas has manifested itself in several high-profile efforts surrounding

2249:. Many scientists involved in this lawsuit, including Bill Wareham, a marine scientist with the David Suzuki Foundation, noted increased boat traffic, water toxic wastes, and low salmon population as major threats, putting approximately 87 orcas on the British Columbia Coast in danger. 2005:

varies from 15 to 18 months. Mothers usually calve a single offspring about once every five years. In resident pods, births occur at any time of year, although winter is the most common. Mortality is extremely high during the first seven months of life, when 37–50% of all calves die.

2664:, Washington. She became the first whale to be successfully reintegrated into a wild pod after human intervention, crystallizing decades of research into the vocal behaviour and social structure of the region's orcas. The saving of Springer raised hopes that another young orca named 2560: 2855:. Wild orcas may travel up to 160 kilometres (100 mi) in a day, and critics say the animals are too big and intelligent to be suitable for captivity. Captives occasionally act aggressively towards themselves, their tankmates, or humans, which critics say is a result of 9916:

Lachmuth, Cara L.; Barrett-Lennard, Lance G.; Steyn, D. Q.; Milsom, William K. (April 2011). "Estimation of southern resident killer whale exposure to exhaust emissions from whale-watching vessels and potential adverse health effects and toxicity thresholds".

2595:. So little was known at the time, it was nearly two months before the whale's keepers discovered what food (fish) it was willing to eat. To the surprise of those who saw him, Moby Doll was a docile, non-aggressive whale who made no attempts to attack humans. 2346:

regarded orcas as the most powerful animals in the ocean, and their mythology tells of orcas living in houses and towns under the sea. According to these myths, they took on human form when submerged, and humans who drowned went to live with them. For the

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in place to protect endangered animals along with their habitats) for orcas aside from the laws already in place. In response to this decision, six environmental groups sued the federal government, claiming orcas were facing many threats on the

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Resident orcas in the eastern North Pacific live in particularly complex and stable social groups. Unlike any other known mammal social structure, resident whales live with their mothers for their entire lives. These family groups are based on

2021:, Australia, which would have made him up to 90 years old. Examination of his teeth indicated he died around age 35, but this method of age determination is now believed to be inaccurate for older animals. One male known to researchers in the 2710:, their smaller populations, and the difficulty of taking them. Once the stocks of larger species were depleted, orcas were targeted by commercial whalers in the mid-20th century. Between 1954 and 1997, Japan took 1,178 orcas (although the 3564:

McGowen, Michael R.; Tsagkogeorga, Georgia; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; dos Reis, Mario; Struebig, Monika; Deaville, Robert; Jepson, Paul D.; Jarman, Simon; Polanowski, Andrea; Morin, Phillip A.; Rossiter, Stephen J. (October 21, 2019).

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In other anecdotes, researchers describe incidents in which wild orcas playfully tease humans by repeatedly moving objects the humans are trying to reach, or suddenly start to toss around a chunk of ice after a human throws a snowball.

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Pitman, Robert L.; Durban, John W.; Greenfelder, Michael; Guinet, Christophe; Jorgensen, Morton; Olson, Paula A.; Plana, Jordi; Tixier, Paul; Towers, Jared R. (August 7, 2010). "Observations of a distinctive morphotype of killer whale

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Western attitudes towards orcas have changed dramatically in recent decades. In the mid-1960s and early 1970s, orcas came to much greater public and scientific awareness, starting with the live-capture and display of an orca known as

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declined to recognize the two species, citing uncertainty as to whether the types constituted unique species or subspecies. "Pending a more complete global review and revision", the Society provisionally recognized them as subspecies

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in winter, and wolves as orcas in summer. Orcas are believed to assist their hunters in driving walrus. Reverence is expressed in several forms: the boat represents the animal, and a wooden carving hung from the hunter's belt. Small

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The "type C" orca has two-toned grey colouring, including a dark "dorsal cape", in body areas where most orcas have solid black colouring. Research is ongoing into whether one or more orca types are distinct species in need of

2035:), while the male's mother supported the breeding opportunity for her son. The attack ended when the calf's mother struck and injured the attacking male. Such behaviour matches that of many smaller dolphin species, such as the 2468:

AD 70, who wrote, "Orcas (the appearance of which no image can express, other than an enormous mass of savage flesh with teeth) are the enemy of ... they charge and pierce them like warships ramming." (see citation in section

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prey of transients hear whale calls well and thus transients are typically silent. Vocal behaviour in these whales is mainly limited to surfacing activities and milling (slow swimming with no apparent direction) after a kill.

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They are sometimes referred to as "blackfish", a name also used for other whale species. "Grampus" is a former name for the species, but is now seldom used. This meaning of "grampus" should not be confused with the genus

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usually bears little resemblance to wild habitat, and captive whales' social groups are foreign to those found in the wild. Critics claim captive life is stressful due to these factors and the requirement to perform

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caused by noise and conflicts with boats are the most significant worldwide threats. In January 2020, the first orca in England and Wales since 2001 was found dead with a large fragment of plastic in its stomach.

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As with residents and transients, the lifestyle of these whales appears to reflect their diet; fish-eating orcas off Norway have resident-like social structures, while mammal-eating orcas in Argentina and the

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family groups (pods). Their sophisticated hunting techniques and vocal behaviors, often specific to a particular group and passed along from generation to generation, are considered to be manifestations of

8019:, 'Old Tom' from Eden, Twofold Bay, Australia, in: W. F. Perrin and A. C. Myrick Jr (eds.): Age determination of toothed whales and sirenians, pp. 143–154 Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. (Special Issue 3), cited in 5137: 1009:

Pacific animals. Photographic identification has enabled the local population of orcas to be counted each year rather than estimated, and has enabled great insight into life cycles and social structures.

8494: 2668:, which had become separated from his pod, could be returned to it. However, his case was marked by controversy about whether and how to intervene, and in 2006, Luna was killed by a boat propeller. 2025:(identified as J1) was estimated to have been 59 years old when he died in 2010. Orcas are unique among cetaceans, as their caudal sections elongate with age, making their heads relatively shorter. 1801: 1725:

Orcas of the same sex and age group may engage in physical contact and synchronous surfacing. These behaviours do not occur randomly among individuals in a pod, providing evidence of "friendships".

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at marine theme parks. Orcas also feature strongly in the mythologies of indigenous cultures, and their reputation in different cultures ranges from being the souls of humans to merciless killers.

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ranging from 7.6 to 10 cm (3.0 to 3.9 in) thick beneath the skin. The pulse is about 60 heartbeats per minute when the orca is at the surface, dropping to 30 beats/min when submerged.

1767: 2532:, the shooting of orcas was accepted and even encouraged by governments. As an indication of the intensity of shooting that occurred until fairly recently, about 25% of the orcas captured in 10142: 6689: 3915: 2872:

In March 2016, SeaWorld announced that they would be ending their orca breeding program and their theatrical shows. However, as of 2020, theatrical shows featuring orcas are still ongoing.

2734:). Other than commercial hunts, orcas were hunted along Japanese coasts out of public concern for potential conflicts with fisheries. Such cases include a semi-resident male-female pair in 1206:, meaning that they themselves have no natural predators. They are sometimes called "wolves of the sea", because they hunt in groups like wolf packs. Orcas hunt varied prey including fish, 5348: 5204:

The killer whale dove >750 m on five occasions while depredating (maximum: 1087 m), but these deep dives were always followed by long periods (3.9–4.6 h) of shallow (<100 m) diving.

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vessel it must be placed in neutral until the whale passes. The World Health Organization has set air quality standards in an effort to control the emissions produced by these vessels.

2242: 1783: 2196:, Washington. He was also able to study orcas from "his home porch perched above Puget Sound, where the animals hunt and play in summer months". In May 2003, Balcomb (along with other 1802: 9504: 6950: 2013:

Males sexually mature at the age of 15, but do not typically reproduce until age 21. Wild males live around 29 years on average, with a maximum of about 60 years. One male, known as

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begins at about 12 months of age, and is complete by two years. According to observations in several regions, all male and female pod members participate in the care of the young.

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Orcas are commonly referred to as "killer whales", despite being a type of dolphin. Since the 1960s, the use of "orca" instead of "killer whale" has steadily grown in common use.

4956: 2427:(God of Sea/Offshore) to bring fortunes (whales) to the coasts, and there had been traditional funerals for stranded or deceased orcas akin to funerals for other animals such as 1765: 1705:

Closely related matrilines form loose aggregations called pods, usually consisting of one to four matrilines. Unlike matrilines, pods may separate for weeks or months at a time.

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collapse seen in 60–90% of captive males. Captives have vastly reduced life expectancies, on average only living into their 20s. That said, a 2015 study coauthored by staff at

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Totterdell, J. A.; Wellard, R.; Reeves, I. M.; Elsdon, B.; Markovic, P.; Yoshida, M.; Fairchild, A.; Sharp, G.; Pitman, R. (2022). "The first three records of killer whales (

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for aquariums through 1970 bore bullet scars. The U.S. Navy claimed to have deliberately killed hundreds of orcas in Icelandic waters in 1956 with machine guns, rockets, and

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Towner, A; Micarelli, P; Hurwitz, D; Smale, Mj; Booth, Aj; Stopforth, C; Jacobs, E; Reinero, Fr; Ricci, V; Di Bari, A; Gavazzi, S; Carugno, G; Mahrer, M; Gennari, E (2024).

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to locate them on resting on ice floes, and then swim in groups to create waves that wash over the floe. This washes the prey into the water, where other orcas lie in wait.

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cycling separated by non-cycling periods of three to 16 months. Females can often breed until age 40, followed by a rapid decrease in fertility. Orcas are among the few

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such as breaching (jumping completely out of the water) and tail-slapping. These activities may have a variety of purposes, such as courtship, communication, dislodging

8033: 1133:, their range now extends deep into the northwest Atlantic. Occasionally, orcas swim into freshwater rivers. They have been documented 100 mi (160 km) up the 6409:

Demaster, D.; Trites, A.; Clapham, P.; Mizroch, S.; Wade, P.; Small, R.; Hoef, J. (2006). "The sequential megafaunal collapse hypothesis: Testing with existing data".

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Another conservation concern was made public in September 2008 when the Canadian government decided it was not necessary to enforce further protections (including the

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and live for decades after they have finished breeding. The lifespans of wild females average 50 to 80 years. Some are claimed to have lived substantially longer:

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Although there are examples of killer whales living longer, including several over 30 years old, and two captive orcas (Corky II and Lolita) are in their mid-40s.

773:, which first appeared about 11 million years ago. The orca lineage probably branched off shortly thereafter. Although it has morphological similarities with the 687: 5095: 2298: 9765: 9584: 8306: 2766:. Whalers more often considered them a nuisance, however, as orcas would gather to scavenge meat from the whalers' catch. Some populations, such as in Alaska's 10177: 8080: 2618:

led to the discovery of the species' complex social structure, its use of vocal communication, and its extraordinarily stable mother–offspring bonds. Through

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claims that there had been domestic catches of about 1,600 whales between late 1940s to 1960s) and Norway took 987. Extensive hunting of orcas, including an

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Kaiya, Z.; Leatherwood, S.; Jefferson, A. T. (2002). Perrin F. W.; Reeves R. R.; Dolar L. L. M.; Jefferson A. T.; Marsh H.; Wang Y. J.; Estacion J. (eds.).

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stuck in pools enclosed by sea ice, the former are also driven into shallower water where juveniles are grabbed. By contrast, orcas appear to be wary of

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Towers, Jared R; Tixier, Paul; Ross, Katherine A; Bennett, John; Arnould, John P Y; Pitman, Robert L; Durban, John W; Northridge, Simon (January 2019).

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Morin, Phillip A.; Archer, Frederick; Foote, Andrew D.; Vilstrup, Julia; Allen, Eric E.; Wade, Paul; Durban, John; Parsons, Kim; Pitman, Robert (2010).

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Of the very few confirmed attacks on humans by wild orcas, none have been fatal. In one instance, orcas tried to tip ice floes on which a dog team and

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With their distinctive pigmentation, adult orcas are seldom confused with any other species. When seen from a distance, juveniles can be confused with

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discovered it could regurgitate fish onto the surface, attracting sea gulls, and then eat the birds. Four others then learned to copy the behaviour.

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Kremers, D.; Lemasson, A.; Almunia, J.; Wanker, R. (2012). "Vocal sharing and individual acoustic distinctiveness within a group of captive orcas (

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LeDuc, R. G.; Perrin, W. F.; Dizon, A. E. (1999). "Phylogenetic relationships among the delphinid cetaceans based on full cytochrome b sequences".

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whales in the Arctic. However, orcas are merely seasonal visitors to Arctic waters, and do not approach the pack ice in the summer. With the rapid

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The earliest known records of commercial hunting of orcas date to the 18th century in Japan. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the global

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vessels have been damaged between 2020 and 2023. In one video, an orca can be seen biting on one of the two rudders ripped from a catamaran near

1911:, mothers push their calves onto the beach, waiting to pull the youngster back if needed. In March 2023, a female orca was spotted with a newborn 12801: 10643: 8748:"Поддержка прав коренных народов Cибири - Spiritual culture subsection of the Eskimos page in the Support for Siberian Indigenous Peoples Rights" 7382:"Higher neuron densities in the cerebral cortex and larger cerebellums may limit dive times of delphinids compared to deep-diving toothed whales" 5683:

Towner, AV; Watson, RGA; Kock, AA; Papastamatiou, Y; Sturup, M; Gennari, E; Baker, K; Booth, T; Dicken, M; Chivell, W; Elwen, S (April 3, 2022).

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Morin, P. A.; McCarthy, M. L.; Fung, C. W.; Durban, J. W.; Parsons, K. M.; Perrin, W. F.; Taylor, B. L.; Jefferson, T. A.; Archer, F. I. (2024).

1427:, great whales may have been the major food source for orcas. The introduction of modern whaling techniques may have aided orcas by the sound of 907: 10120: 9213: 529: 9621: 6987:

Deeck, V. B.; Ford, J. K. B.; Slater, P. J. B. (2005). "The vocal behaviour of mammal-eating killer whales: communicating with costly calls".

4809: 3423:

Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I

13129: 12892: 12840: 10688: 10676: 10633: 7358: 4150: 2722:

to recommend a ban on commercial hunting of the species pending further research. Today, no country carries out a substantial hunt, although

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demonstrating the whales' curiosity, playfulness, and ability to solve problems. Alaskan orcas have not only learned how to steal fish from

1552:

harass and kill porpoises and seals for no apparent reason. Some dolphins recognize resident orcas as harmless and remain in the same area.

9496: 6942: 4819:, January 28, 2007. Iruka (dolphin) and Kujira (whale) Action Network (IKAN): Iruma, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Retrieved February 17, 2010 2739: 2588: 1975: 9545: 5945:"Feeding Ecology of Elusive Caribbean Killer Whales Inferred From Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models and Whalers' Ecological Knowledge" 579:

Orcas are not usually a threat to humans, and no fatal attack has ever been documented in their natural habitat. There have been cases of

9087: 6557: 6130: 1062:. Systematic surveys indicate the highest densities of orcas (>0.40 individuals per 100 km) in the northeast Atlantic around the 10031: 8944: 8717:. Original data: Е.С. Рубцова: Материалы по языку и фольклору эскимосов (чаплинский диалект). Академия Наук СССР. Москва-Ленинград, 1954 3914:

Josh D. McInnes; Andrew W. Trites; Chelsea R. Mathieson; Marilyn E. Dahlheim; Jeffrey E. Moore; Paula A. Olson; Kevin M. Lester (2024).

1038:, numbers, and density, relative distribution is difficult to estimate, but they clearly prefer higher latitudes and coastal areas over 996:

Orcas have good eyesight above and below the water, excellent hearing, and a good sense of touch. They have exceptionally sophisticated

7897: 7244:

Simon, M.; McGregor, P. K.; Ugarte, F. (2007). "The relationship between the acoustic behaviour and surface activity of killer whales (

6510: 4915: 969:

Sexual dimorphism between male (top) and female (bottom) killer whales. Pectoral fins, dorsal fin, and flukes are larger in adult males

3216: 2112:

have problems in reproductive and immune functions associated with high levels of PCBs and related contaminants, and a survey off the

1945:

The orca's use of dialects and the passing of other learned behaviours from generation to generation have been described as a form of

8528: 7147: 1794: 1710:

layer is the community, which consists of pods that regularly associate with each other but share no maternal relations or dialects.

9667: 9353: 8170:

Desforges, J-P; Hall, A; Mcconnell, B; et al. (2018). "Predicting global killer whale population collapse from PCB pollution".

7212: 6333: 3647: 3632: 2275:, which may stress the whales and alter their behaviour, particularly if boats approach too closely or block their lines of travel. 580: 12775: 9190: 8047:, Research Document 2005/045, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Fisheries and Oceans Canada. p. 33. Retrieved January 27, 2010 1841:

Northeast Pacific resident groups tend to be much more vocal than transient groups in the same waters. Residents feed primarily on

8110: 7836: 6056: 5459: 4009: 917:, were described during the 1980s by Soviet researchers, but most cetacean researchers are skeptical about their status. Complete 13086: 12814: 10006: 9528: 8734:. Original data: Г. А. Меновщиков: Грамматиκа языка азиатских эскимосов. Часть первая. Академия Наук СССР. Москва-Ленинград, 1962 8432: 6080:"Humpback whales interfering when mammal-eating killer whales attack other species: Mobbing behavior and interspecific altruism?" 3328: 3187: 2648:, David Phillips, led the efforts to return Keiko to the Iceland waters. Keiko however did not adapt to the harsh climate of the 2116:

coast found PCB levels in orcas were higher than levels that had caused health problems in harbour seals. Blubber samples in the

9118: 5255:

Similä, T.; Ugarte, F. (1993). "Surface and underwater observations of cooperatively feeding killer whales in Northern Norway".

3676: 2591:

at the time, including the first scientific studies of an orca's sound production, led to two articles about him in the journal

2189: 13144: 6197: 4594: 4424: 2759: 8773: 5794:

Weller, D. W. (2009). "Predation on marine mammals". In Perrin, William F.; Wursig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. 'Hans' (eds.).

3297: 12941: 12858: 10583: 10562: 10505: 10439: 10410: 10377: 10305: 10251: 10226: 10073: 8975: 8897: 8647: 6504: 6124: 5803: 4793: 4588: 4397: 4217: 3954:"Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status" 3367: 3031: 2238: 13091: 12819: 3455: 3276: 3179: 13154: 8906: 8550: 3807: 2819:, trainability, striking appearance, playfulness in captivity and sheer size have made it a popular exhibit at aquaria and 785:, a study of cytochrome b gene sequences indicates that its closest extant relatives are the snubfin dolphins of the genus 6243:

Visser, Ingrid N.; Smith, Thomas G.; Bullock, Ian D.; Green, Geoffrey D.; Carlsson, Olle G. L.; Imberti, Santiago (2008).

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and the federal government did nothing to protect them from these threats. A legal and scientific nonprofit organization,

9960: 7380:

Ridgway, Sam H.; Brownson, Robert H.; Van Alstyne, Kaitlin R.; Hauser, Robert A. (December 16, 2019). Li, Songhai (ed.).

6719: 5569:"Predator–prey and competitive interactions between sharks (order Selachii) and dolphins (suborder Odontoceti): a review" 5501: 3639:. Contract report to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Also published as 2711: 10660: 9291: 6646: 3386:

Whales, dolphins, and porpoises of the eastern North Pacific and adjacent Arctic waters: a guide to their identification

989:, whereas the female's is more curved. In the skull, adult males have longer lower jaws than females, as well as larger 13149: 13073: 12762: 8813: 8059: 7661: 7515: 6827: 2461:, orcas were historically feared as dangerous, savage predators. The first written description of an orca was given by 706: 13011: 8303: 8020: 3157: 2834:

campaign against the practice of keeping them in captivity. In captivity, they often develop pathologies, such as the

1524: 12905: 10723: 10465: 10431: 10284: 9750: 9576: 9549: 7748: 4753: 3394: 2383: 754: 488:

with a diverse diet. Individual populations often specialize in particular types of prey. This includes a variety of

10173: 8076: 3013: 13019: 11763: 2719: 1631:

is a behaviour in which a whale holds its head above water to view its surroundings. Resident orcas swim alongside

8343: 5601: 4579:. In Estes, James A.; DeMaster, Douglas P.; Doak, Daniel F.; Williams, Terrie M.; Brownell, Robert L. Jr. (eds.). 4388:

Ford, John K. B. (2009). "Killer Whale". In Perrin, William F.; Wursig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. 'Hans' (eds.).

4353: 2255:

from shipping, drilling, and other human activities is a significant concern in some key orca habitats, including

1082:. They are considered "common" (0.20–0.40 individuals per 100 km) in the eastern Pacific along the coasts of 869:

A 2024 study supported the elevation of Eastern North American resident and transient orcas as distinct species,

12897: 11745: 9792:"Report of the Second Workshop on The Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of South-East Asia" 8991: 8612: 8414: 5740:"Further insights into killer whales Orcinus orca preying on white sharks Carcharodon carcharias in South Africa" 5044:"The diving behaviour of mammal-eating killer whales : variations with ecological not physiological factors" 3427: 2153: 1981:

Female orcas begin to mature at around the age of 10 and reach peak fertility around 20, experiencing periods of

738: 365: 9021: 8747: 4648: 4522:

Spencer, M. P.; Gornall 3rd, T. A.; Poulter, T. C. (1967). "Respiratory and cardiac activity of killer whales".

3916:"Evidence for an Oceanic Population of Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in Offshore Waters of California and Oregon" 2371:

consider orca to be people, referring to them as "qwe'lhol'mechen" which means "our relations under the waves".

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numbered only seven individuals and had not reproduced since the spill. This population is expected to die out.

12469: 10524: 10325: 8879: 7288: 5685:"Fear at the top: killer whale predation drives white shark absence at South Africa's largest aggregation site" 2831: 2694:, flanking a whale calf. The boat is being towed by a harpooned whale (not visible here), near Eden, Australia. 2513: 1849:

salmon, which are insensitive to orca calls (inferred from the audiogram of Atlantic salmon). In contrast, the

569: 9727: 9697: 7798: 5043: 4829: 4483: 3067: 13139: 13104: 12879: 11886: 11611: 11602: 9313: 9252: 2939: 2619: 694: 10648: 10625: 8826:

A radio interview with Russian scientists about man and animal, examples taken especially from Asian Eskimos

7871: 6756: 4757: 1872:-eating orcas appear to have different vocalizations for activities like hunting. A population that live in 12415: 11432: 11423: 11355: 7547: 4017: 2145:

region, only 75 whales remain with few births over the last few years. On the west coast of Alaska and the

1776: 977:

are large and rounded, resembling paddles, with those of males significantly larger than those of females.

878: 816: 9887: 7450: 6446:"Causes and consequences of marine mammal population declines in southwest Alaska: a food-web perspective" 6299: 565: 12853: 12687: 12664: 12514: 12442: 11653: 11620: 11382: 9802: 9445: 9418: 8731: 8714: 8286: 2382:

also had great respect for orcas, as evidenced by stone carvings found in a 4,000-year-old burial at the

1961:) appear to have no parallel outside humans and represent an independent evolution of cultural faculties. 1646:, that is, killing that is not designed to be for food. As an example, a BBC film crew witnessed orca in 1343: 42: 12692: 7174:"Vocal behaviour of resident killer whale matrilines with newborn calves: The role of family signatures" 3736:

De Bruyn, P. J. N.; Tosh, C. A.; Terauds, A. (2013). "Killer whale ecotypes: Is there a global model?".

3239: 12547: 12538: 11465: 10873: 10615: 10602: 2962: 2567: 2360: 2121: 1674:. Due to orcas' complex social bonds, many marine experts have concerns about how humane it is to keep 1432:

expand their consumption of smaller marine mammals, thus contributing to the decline of these as well.

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were used to deter seals. Orcas also avoided the surrounding waters. High-intensity sonar used by the

2205:

of two of the whale heads showed hemorrhaging around the brain and the ears, which is consistent with

2141:, wild salmon stocks, a main resident food source, have declined dramatically in recent years. In the 13024: 12920: 12433: 12388: 12356: 12347: 12332: 12323: 12173: 11772: 11629: 10882: 8654:, Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage, Memorial University of Newfoundland. Retrieved January 26, 2010 7022:

Foote, A. D.; Osborne, R. W.; Hoelzel, A. (2008). "Temporal and contextual patterns of killer whale (

6352:"Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: An ongoing legacy of industrial whaling?" 5739: 2193: 2032: 1604: 1383: 1371: 1307: 1035: 391: 5082:

Overall, the whales spent 50% of their time 8 m or shallower and 90% of their time 40 m or shallower

3525:"New insights into the phylogenetic relationships among the oceanic dolphins (Cetacea: Delphinidae)" 1440: 239: 12571: 12562: 12496: 12460: 12424: 12397: 12273: 11946: 11895: 11680: 11265: 9606: 8917: 5588: 3124: 2549: 2188:

has extensively studied orcas since 1976; he is the research biologist responsible for discovering

2105: 1616: 1375: 990: 557: 12871: 10630: 7350: 4189: 3421: 2863:

was involved in the death of three people, and was featured in the critically acclaimed 2013 film

180:

5.4 meter (18 foot) female killer whale compared to 1.8 meter (5 foot 11 inches) human scuba diver

12985: 12282: 12090: 11274: 7896:

Robeck, Todd R.; Willis, Kevin; Scarpuzzi, Michael R.; O'Brien, Justine K. (September 29, 2015).

5229: 2827: 2367:

of southeastern Alaska regarded the orca as custodian of the sea and a benefactor of humans. The

2226: 1495: 10276: 10266: 4504:

N. W. Kasting, S. A. L. Adderly, T. Safford, K. G. Hewlett (1989). "Thermoregulation in Beluga (

2982:

According to Baird, killer whales prefer harbour seals to sea lions and porpoises in some areas.

2134:

found that global orca populations are poised to dramatically decline due such toxic pollution.

12972: 12806: 12642: 12604: 12487: 12451: 12406: 12291: 12099: 11176: 11158: 10493: 6685: 6340:

Ned Rozell, Article #1418, Alaska Science Forum, December 10, 1998. Retrieved February 26, 2010

5583: 2645: 2580: 2279: 2218: 2206: 2157: 2065: 2014: 1624: 1511: 6112: 3384: 1970: 1687:

separate for only a few hours at a time, to mate or forage. With one exception, an orca named

12967: 11713: 11704: 10936: 10716: 10394: 10210: 10038: 9350: 6494: 6198:"Cooperative hunting behavior, prey selectivity and prey handling by pack ice killer whales ( 5517: 2653: 2481: 2379: 2356: 2230: 2089: 2028: 1889: 1758: 1675: 1548: 1503: 1275: 812: 344: 31: 17: 12959: 10388: 10295: 10262: 10204: 7939: 6884:"Age and sex influence social interactions, but not associations, within a killer whale pod" 3808:"A review of killer whale interactions with other marine mammals: predation to co-existence" 3021: 13006: 12832: 12736: 12651: 12182: 12108: 11346: 10864: 10334: 9926: 8520: 8179: 7966: 7699: 7393: 7188: 7123: 7035: 6596: 6418: 6363: 6263: 6040: 5993: 5897: 5751: 5696: 5639: 5526: 5430: 5386: 5111: 5042:

Miller, Patrick James O'Malley; Shapiro, Ari Daniel; Deecke, Volker Bernt (November 2010).

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in 1964. He was the first ever orca to be studied at close quarters alive, not postmortem.

2524:

Competition with fishermen also led to orcas being regarded as pests. In the waters of the

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environments. Areas which serve as major study sites for the species include the coasts of

470: 9405:

Schevill, William; Watkins, William (Summer 1966). "Sound Structure and Directionality in

7104: 8: 12523: 12478: 12191: 11919: 11406: 11322: 11313: 11185: 10696: 9661: 8894: 8617: 6587:

Pitman, R. L.; Durban, J. W. (2010). "Killer whale predation on penguins in Antarctica".

5094:

Reisinger, Ryan R.; Keith, Mark; Andrews, Russel D.; de Bruyn, P. J. N. (December 2015).

4916:"Killer whales in Hawaiian waters: information on population identity and feeding habits" 3640: 3629: 2816: 2665: 2339: 2213: 2061: 1487: 1457: 1394: 1283: 997: 895: 672: 533: 187: 53: 10338: 9930: 9432:

Newman, Murray; McGeer, Patrick (Summer 1966). "The Capture and Care of a Killer Whale,

9182: 8183: 7970: 7703: 7397: 7192: 7127: 7039: 6600: 6422: 6367: 6330: 6267: 6044: 5997: 5901: 5755: 5700: 5643: 5530: 5434: 5390: 5115: 5005: 4884: 3986: 3969: 3953: 3874: 3493: 2610:

Between 1964 and 1976, 50 orcas from the Pacific Northwest were captured for display in

1926:

An orca plays with a ball of ice, soon after a researcher threw a snowball at the whale.

1691:, no permanent separation of an individual from a resident matriline has been recorded. 1047: 12505: 11970: 11961: 11728: 11537: 11528: 11513: 11504: 11364: 11298: 11289: 11233: 11224: 10927: 10369: 10115: 9856: 9831: 9387: 9253:"Orcas sank a yacht off Spain — the latest in a slew of such 'attacks' in recent years" 8921: 8689: 8681: 8486: 8213: 8102: 7926: 7898:"Comparisons of life-history parameters between free-ranging and captive killer whale ( 7740: 7653: 7601: 7572: 7424: 7381: 7269: 7139: 7004: 6918: 6883: 6612: 6470: 6445: 6297:

Transient Killer Whales – Culprits in the Decline of Sea Otters in Western Alaska?

6052: 6028: 6009: 5866: 5853: 5820: 5720: 5660: 5627: 5538: 5475: 5398: 5195: 5017: 4948: 4269: 4234: 4181: 4173: 4106: 4061: 4032: 3896: 3828: 3773: 3738: 3703: 3599: 3546: 3501: 2917: 2820: 2731: 2268: 2113: 2073: 2036: 1931: 1829: 1576: 1540: 1424: 1355: 1339: 1279: 1087: 986: 947: 943: 858: 778: 774: 649: 644: 561: 549: 545: 399: 234: 12910: 9999: 9525: 6386: 6351: 2682: 2060:(International Union for Conservation of Nature) changed its assessment of the orca's 1865:

offshore orcas have group-specific dialects unlike those of residents and transients.

638:, the species is more closely related to other oceanic dolphins than to other whales. 13060: 12954: 12700: 12656: 12371: 12053: 12044: 11456: 11373: 11084: 11075: 10579: 10576: 10558: 10537: 10529: 10501: 10435: 10421: 10406: 10373: 10301: 10280: 10247: 10222: 9942: 9861: 9221: 9157: 9026: 8971: 8693: 8205: 7931: 7754: 7744: 7712: 7687: 7645: 7606: 7429: 7411: 7204: 7085: 7047: 6923: 6823: 6500: 6475: 6391: 6275: 6217: 6120: 6013: 5925: 5870: 5858: 5799: 5767: 5724: 5712: 5665: 5190: 4896: 4584: 4539: 4393: 4320: 4297: 4274: 4256: 4213: 4185: 4066: 3991: 3888: 3765: 3751: 3604: 3586: 3505: 3390: 3363: 3101: 3037: 3027: 2944: 2856: 2525: 2234: 2161: 2138: 2130: 2022: 1699: 1568: 1315: 1291: 982: 763: 12669: 9938: 8490: 8217: 7657: 7273: 7143: 7008: 6616: 5199: 5021: 4952: 4110: 3707: 3567:"Phylogenomic Resolution of the Cetacean Tree of Life Using Target Sequence Capture" 3550: 2301:(CITES), meaning international trade (including in parts/derivatives) is regulated. 1330:. They are recorded to prey on other cetacean species, usually smaller dolphins and 1242:

account for 96% of northeast Pacific residents' diet, including 65% of large, fatty

13065: 12705: 12306: 12228: 12219: 12209: 11928: 11869: 11754: 11585: 10981: 10963: 10954: 10709: 10497: 10365: 10342: 9934: 9851: 9843: 9379: 9031: 8781: 8673: 8478: 8195: 8187: 7974: 7921: 7913: 7736: 7707: 7637: 7596: 7586: 7419: 7401: 7261: 7196: 7131: 7077: 7043: 6996: 6913: 6903: 6895: 6604: 6465: 6457: 6426: 6381: 6371: 6271: 6213: 6091: 6048: 6001: 5975: 5956: 5915: 5905: 5848: 5840: 5759: 5704: 5655: 5647: 5593: 5534: 5438: 5394: 5306: 5264: 5185: 5175: 5127: 5119: 5058: 5009: 4938: 4930: 4888: 4573: 4531: 4435: 4433: 4264: 4246: 4165: 4098: 4056: 4048: 3981: 3973: 3927: 3900: 3878: 3824: 3777: 3755: 3747: 3695: 3594: 3578: 3536: 3497: 3119: 2889: 2864: 2808: 2375: 2348: 2256: 2173: 2146: 2081: 2002: 1986: 1935: 1671: 1651: 1647: 1531: 1491: 1447: 1351: 1260: 1083: 1067: 837:

The three to five types of orcas may be distinct enough to be considered different

632: 158: 8644: 7135: 7000: 6643:"Whale uses fish as bait to catch seagulls then shares strategy with fellow orcas" 5763: 5708: 4790: 13051: 12928: 11689: 11671: 11662: 11552: 11167: 11149: 11131: 10999: 10692: 10680: 10667: 10655: 10637: 10619: 10606: 10427: 10237: 10068: 10063: 9532: 9357: 9321: 8913: 8889: 8875: 8651: 8310: 8063: 8044: 7591: 7554: 7406: 6430: 6337: 6303: 5910: 5885: 4892: 4816: 4797: 4207: 3651: 3636: 3283: 2743: 2657: 2603: 2477: 2462: 2458: 2101: 2018: 1903: 1643: 1287: 850: 807: 541: 456: 311: 12998: 12884: 12845: 10420:

Heptner, V. G.; Nasimovich, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; Hoffmann, Robert S. (1996).

10358:

Operation Orca: Springer, Luna and the Struggle to Save West Coast Killer Whales

8711:

Materials on the Language and Folklore of the Eskimoes, Vol. I, Chaplino Dialect

8557: 5684: 5164:"Movements and dive behaviour of a toothfish-depredating killer and sperm whale" 5123: 4535: 4445: 4430: 4235:"Orca Behavior and Subsequent Aggression Associated with Oceanarium Confinement" 2706:

and sperm whales, but largely ignored orcas because of their limited amounts of

2445: 1027:

An orca leaps out of the water when swimming—a behaviour known as porpoising—in

930: 13134: 11570: 11337: 11209: 11200: 11047: 11038: 10770: 10402: 10272: 10218: 9058:"Scientists are puzzled by Orcas sinking boats in a string of abnormal attacks" 5844: 5651: 2903: 2860: 2778: 2770:, may have been reduced significantly by whalers shooting them in retaliation. 2763: 2687: 2614:, and public interest in the animals grew. In the 1970s, research pioneered by 2584: 2390: 2364: 2315: 2272: 2197: 2178: 2177:

population in the past 10 years. These deaths can be attributed to declines in

2069: 1946: 1908: 1842: 1719: 1694: 1667: 1564: 1507: 1464: 1428: 1409: 1335: 1299: 1251: 1243: 1189: 1142: 1134: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1105: 1075: 1071: 1051: 918: 838: 801: 745: 537: 522: 478: 202: 12718: 10685: 10673: 9287: 8077:"'Horrified' scientists first to see killer whale infanticide | CBC News" 7641: 7265: 7103:

Filatova, Olga A.; Fedutin, Ivan D.; Burdin, Alexandr M.; Hoyt, Erich (2007).

6711: 6608: 5961: 5944: 5597: 5542: 5013: 4102: 2758:

Orcas have helped humans hunting other whales. One well-known example was the

1916: 811:. In contrast, a 2019 phylogenetic study found the orca to be the second most 13123: 12827: 12163: 11988: 11391: 11116: 11065: 10832: 10823: 10541: 10533: 10243: 9225: 9161: 9150:"Orca rams into yacht off Shetland in first such incident in northern waters" 8901: 8842: 8664:

Tuck, James A. (1971). "An Archaic Cemetery at Port Au Choix, Newfoundland".

8418: 8279:"Granny's Struggle: When Granny is gone, will her story be the last chapter?" 7917: 7415: 6682:"Videos show killer whales frantically hunting for dolphins off San Clemente" 6642: 5920: 5771: 5716: 5180: 5163: 4324: 4301: 4260: 4206:

Webber, Marc A.; Jefferson, Thomas Allen; Pitman, Robert L. (July 28, 2015).

3815: 3590: 3509: 3417: 3110: 3017: 2931: 2843: 2804: 2795: 2735: 2637: 2414: 2117: 2097: 1990: 1873: 1850: 1515: 1483: 1347: 1327: 1303: 1226:

Fish-eating orcas prey on around 30 species of fish. Some populations in the

1203: 1130: 1099: 759: 734: 615: 513: 501: 485: 452: 361: 207: 154: 102: 10005:. Humane Society International and the Humane Society of the United States. 9961:"Boats to Maintain Greater Distance from Killer Whales | Whales online" 8807: 8411: 8191: 8056: 7625: 7530: 7483:"'Extraordinary' sighting of orca with baby pilot whale astounds scientists" 6376: 6119:. Wursig, Bernd & Thewissen, J. G. M. Academic Press. pp. 357–361. 5310: 3931: 3582: 3563: 3041: 2746:

in 1957, the killing of five whales from a pod of 11 members that swam into

2320: 1922: 13078: 12767: 12627: 12246: 11809: 11800: 11790: 10918: 10798: 10782: 10551: 10361: 9946: 9865: 9847: 8482: 8209: 7935: 7649: 7610: 7577: 7433: 7208: 7172:

Weiß, Brigitte M.; Ladich, Friedrich; Spong, Paul; Symonds, Helena (2006).

7089: 6927: 6899: 6479: 6461: 6395: 5929: 5862: 5669: 5373:

Visser, Ingrid N. (1999). "Benthic foraging on stingrays by killer whales (

4900: 4278: 4070: 3995: 3892: 3769: 3699: 3608: 3149: 2848: 2703: 2649: 2615: 2537: 2368: 2343: 2324: 2290: 2165: 2109: 1572: 1520: 1479: 1413: 1359: 1171: 1138: 1039: 974: 792: 724: 603: 553: 474: 460: 7758: 5500:

Pyle, Peter; Schramm, Mary Jane; Keiper, Carol; Anderson, Scot D. (1999).

4934: 4543: 4209:

Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification

4052: 4033:"Complete mitochondrial genome phylogeographic analysis of killer whales ( 12980: 12933: 12866: 12788: 12679: 12636: 12007: 11248: 10847: 10776: 10701: 9723: 9693: 8034:

Life History and Population Dynamics of Northern Resident Killer Whales (

8015:

Mitchell, E. and Baker, A. N. (1980). Age of reputedly old Killer Whale,

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in 2002. The director of the International Marine Mammal Project for the

2533: 2440: 2423: 2406: 2264: 2260: 2185: 2169: 2142: 2077: 1982: 1912: 1902:

and more cortical neurons than any mammal, including humans. They can be

1899: 1895: 1857:

All members of a resident pod use similar calls, known collectively as a

1846: 1688: 1416:. On three separate occasions in 2019 orcas were recorded to have killed 1401: 1367: 1311: 1255: 1247: 1215: 1178: 965: 782: 770: 635: 517: 291: 77: 12728: 9799:

CMS Technical Series Publication Nº 9 at Convention on Migratory Species

8464:"Behavioural responses of male killer whales to a 'leapfrogging' vessel" 7688:"Quantifying the effects of prey abundance on killer whale reproduction" 6908: 5324:

Visser, Ingrid N.; Berghan, Jo; van Meurs, Rinie; Fertl, Dagmar (2000).

4683:. Northwest Fisheries Science Center. February 14, 2007 . Archived from 3977: 3566: 2626:

unthinkingly been targeted became a cultural icon within a few decades.

1547:

swimming between islands off the northwest coast of North America. Orca

1519:

technique on the now-weakened prey. In the Antarctic, type B orcas hunt

12780: 11023: 11014: 10972: 10813: 10347: 10316: 9497:"Death of Sea World trainer: Do 'killer whales' belong in theme parks?" 9391: 8200: 8141:"Orca 'apocalypse': half of killer whales doomed to die from pollution" 6029:"Killer Whale Predation on Sperm Whales: Observations and Implications" 4943: 4357: 4251: 4177: 3458:(in German). St. Mary's Church, Greifswald. Retrieved February 16, 2010 2835: 2632: 2450: 2428: 2271:

disturbs orcas along with other marine mammals. Orcas are popular with

2222: 2125: 1998: 1877: 1815: 1628: 1563:

species recorded as prey in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters include

1417: 1405: 1295: 1207: 1079: 1055: 1028: 978: 959: 842: 144: 122: 87: 9535:

Associated Press. Published December 13, 2003. Retrieved June 7, 2020.

9119:"Orcas filmed destroying ship's rudder in shocking clip: "Surrounded"" 8685: 7978: 7200: 6558:"Killer whales eat dolphins. So why are these dolphins tempting fate?" 6450:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

6096: 6079: 6005: 5443: 5418: 5285:

Visser, Ingrid N. (2005). "First Observations of Feeding on Thresher (

5132: 3760: 3541: 3524: 2925: 2598: 665: 12793: 12749: 12264: 12126: 10990: 10945: 10398: 10214: 10000:"Killer Controversy: Why Orcas Should No Longer Be Kept in Captivity" 8755: 8582: 8580: 8578: 7081: 4515: 2747: 2727: 2723: 2715: 2707: 2691: 2576: 2501: 2399: 2328: 2085: 2017:, was reportedly spotted every winter between the 1840s and 1930 off 1835: 1683: 1580: 1535: 1463:

Orcas swimming in close synchronization to create a wave to wash the

1231: 902: 627:), which referred (among other things) to a whale species, perhaps a 251: 127: 12598: 9383: 8371:"Ottawa Sued over Lack of Legislation to Protect B.C. Killer Whales" 6444:

Estes, J. A.; Doak, D. F.; Springer, A. M.; Williams, T. M. (2009).

5268: 5062: 4169: 3883: 3858: 2072:, recognizing that one or more orca types may actually be separate, 171: 13045: 12754: 12621: 12025: 11998: 11910: 11851: 11644: 11447: 10764: 10752: 9719: 9689: 8677: 6943:"Killer whales form killer friendships, new drone footage suggests" 6561: 5829:) in Icelandic coastal waters and their interspecific interactions" 5628:"Killer whales redistribute white shark foraging pressure on seals" 5472:

American Elasmobranch Society 16th Annual Meeting, June 14–20, 2000

2950: 2839: 2800: 2611: 2418: 2410: 2352: 2202: 1954: 1663: 1632: 1620: 1612: 1475: 1331: 1271: 1117:

and are believed to venture into the denser pack ice, finding open

1114: 787: 505: 271: 117: 112: 97: 92: 82: 70: 9915: 9183:"Sprinkling sand 'deters orcas' according to Cruising Association" 8859: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8575: 8122: 8120: 7686:

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4994:

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3026:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 723–743. 2192:. He studied orcas from the Center for Whale Research, located in 2149:, seal and sea lion populations have also substantially declined. 2047: 1894:

Orcas have the second-heaviest brains among marine mammals (after

1615:, travelling, resting and socializing. Orcas frequently engage in 1238:

and follow that fish's autumnal migration to the Norwegian coast.

1023: 861:

of this genus is clearly in need of review, and it is likely that

13099: 12741: 12071: 11937: 11833: 11824: 11480: 10900: 10733: 10461: 10419: 8809:Животные и отражение их прихода к человеку в самых разных текстах 8032:

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4451: 4439: 3784: 3023:

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2699: 2677: 2641: 2529: 2351:, the orca was regarded as the ruler of the undersea world, with 2007: 1869: 1858: 1636: 1560: 1556: 1389: 1379: 1363: 1235: 1211: 1095: 1054:, New Zealand and parts of the west coast of North America, from 1043: 1002: 951: 846: 729: 677: 676:

fossil, an extinct species of the same genus, Museo Capellini in

628: 509: 497: 465: 321: 301: 132: 107: 12946: 10294:

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9452: 8806:Ковалева, Ирина & Богословская, Людмила (December 3, 2002). 8393: 7895: 7379: 7105:"The structure of the discrete call repertoire of killer whales 4233:

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3286:, Seaworld.org, September 23, 2010, Retrieved September 9, 2010. 11561: 10758: 10746: 9879: 9088:"Gladis the killer whale and her gang of orcas out for revenge" 8939: 8850: 8592: 8255: 8117: 6863: 6739: 6737: 6537: 6296: 2869:. Tilikum lived at SeaWorld from 1992 until his death in 2017. 2160:. This community comprises three pods which live mostly in the 1898:, which have the largest brain of any animal). Orcas have more 1499: 1239: 1227: 1091: 1063: 1059: 955: 281: 261: 162: 10490:

Guardians of the Whales: The Quest to Study Whales in the Wild

8233:"Orcas of the Pacific Northwest Are Starving and Disappearing" 7351:"Big and brilliant: complex whale behavior tied to brain size" 6152: 6150: 6148: 4583:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 145–162. 4406: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 2488: 2434: 12993: 12145: 12136: 12035: 5682: 5093: 4987:) in Angolan and Gulf of Guinea waters, tropical West Africa" 4480:"Killer Whales — Adaptations for an Aquatic Environment" 4083: 3258: 2750:

in 1970, and a catch record in southern Taiwan in the 1990s.

2622:

techniques, individuals were named and tracked over decades.

2485:

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People who have interacted closely with orcas offer numerous

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Unlike wild orcas, captive orcas have made nearly two dozen

934:

Different angle views of a typical female orca's appearance

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wrote the first scientific description of an orca in his

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1662:

Orcas are notable for their complex societies. Only

1559:

but are more likely to kill and leave them uneaten.

1374:

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1113:

In the Antarctic, orcas range up to the edge of the

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7997: 7985: 7243: 7021: 6965: 6848: 6836: 6792: 6775: 6309: 5041: 4655: 4645:"Canada Finds Killer Whales Drawn to Warmer Arctic" 3735: 2965:– a New Zealand biologist who swims with wild orcas 1326:Orcas are sophisticated and effective predators of 766:that had attracted a great deal of local interest. 10550: 9425: 8057:How Southern Resident Killer Whales are Identified 7548:Scientist Has 'Snowball Fight' With a Killer Whale 5510:) and a possible case of competitive displacement" 5209: 5104:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 4852: 4772: 4077: 3100:Reeves, R.; Pitman, R. L.; Ford, J. K. B. (2017). 10317:"Selective foraging by fish-eating killer whales 10095:Zimmerman, Tim (2011). 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Archived from 8663: 8611:Gibson, Caitlin (December 5, 2023). 8531:from the original on January 6, 2010 8518: 8443:from the original on October 4, 2012 8358: 8276: 8003: 7991: 7865: 7847:from the original on January 3, 2017 7320:"Killer whales: How smart are they?" 7231: 6974: 6857: 6842: 6801: 6786: 6245:"Antarctic peninsula killer whales ( 5798:. Academic Press. pp. 927–930. 5490: 5215: 4974: 4858: 4778: 4729: 4708: 4642: 4581:Whales, whaling and ocean ecosystems 4392:. Academic Press. pp. 550–556. 4387: 4356:. Vancouver Aquarium. Archived from 3357: 3308:from the original on October 7, 2022 3231: 3139: 2730:permit small subsistence hunts (see 2393:people, orcas are said to appear as 1321: 1012: 12079: 10573:Behavioral Biology of Killer Whales 9967:from the original on March 30, 2019 8812:(in Russian). Эхо Москвы. Арсенал. 8709:, p. 156 in Rubcova, E. S. (1954). 8431:McClure, Robert (October 2, 2003). 8083:from the original on March 23, 2018 7508: 7287:Szondy, David (February 26, 2020). 6649:from the original on March 22, 2010 6568:from the original on August 7, 2023 6224:from the original on August 2, 2023 5228:Hughes, Catherine D. (March 2014). 4643:Kwan, Jennifer (January 22, 2007). 4600:from the original on August 7, 2020 4002: 3717:from the original on April 27, 2020 3434:from the original on March 25, 2017 3209:"Facts about orcas (killer whales)" 3111:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 3005: 2702:industry caught immense numbers of 2449:Male orca depicted in St Mary's in 1657: 37:"Killer whale" redirects here. For 24: 10631:Why are orca called killer whales? 10515: 10123:from the original on June 13, 2012 9771:from the original on July 17, 2015 9627:from the original on July 17, 2015 9575:McClure, Robert (March 11, 2006). 9495:Wood, Daniel (February 24, 2010). 9098:from the original on June 20, 2023 9038:from the original on April 2, 2011 8895:LacusCurtius: Into the Roman World 8500:from the original on March 6, 2014 8381:from the original on June 26, 2012 8243:from the original on July 10, 2018 7868:"Orca Granny: was she really 105?" 7741:10.1016/B978-0-12-039228-5.50015-2 7571:Marino, Lori; et al. (2007). 7361:from the original on July 19, 2021 7153:from the original on July 15, 2011 6882:Weiss, M. N.; et al. (2021). 6680:Connelly, Laylan (July 30, 2019). 6556:Chung, Emily (February 18, 2019). 6513:from the original on July 21, 2011 6111:Estes, James (February 26, 2009). 6053:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01000.x 5980:) killing and eating blue whales ( 5819:Selbmann, A.; et al. (2022). 5539:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00822.x 5399:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00793.x 5140:from the original on June 30, 2022 5100:) at a Southern Ocean archipelago" 5072:from the original on July 20, 2018 4914:Baird, R. W.; et al. (2006). 4810:Ten Years after Taiji Orca Capture 3838:from the original on July 22, 2011 3829:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1991.tb00291.x 3502:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00833.x 2508:Attacks on humans by captive orcas 2096:Like other animals at the highest 1814:Problems playing these files? See 1747: 1654:to exhaustion, but not eating it. 1579:. Orcas in many areas may prey on 1474:Other marine mammal prey includes 1386:are among Carribean Orcas' prey. 925: 25: 13166: 11746:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin ( 10593: 10466:National Marine Fisheries Service 10434:and National Science Foundation. 10432:Smithsonian Institution Libraries 9577:"Luna the orca killed by tugboat" 9550:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 9507:from the original on May 13, 2012 9265:from the original on July 8, 2023 9232:from the original on July 4, 2023 9193:from the original on July 4, 2023 9129:from the original on July 5, 2023 9068:from the original on July 4, 2023 8771: 7834: 7664:from the original on May 30, 2010 7481:Weston, Phoebe (March 10, 2023). 7349:Dunham, Will (October 16, 2017). 7070:Journal of Comparative Psychology 6722:from the original on June 2, 2023 5744:African Journal of Marine Science 5689:African Journal of Marine Science 5460:"A fatal attack on a whale shark 5236:from the original on June 2, 2023 4791:Ecology of Japanese Coastal Orcas 4754:National Marine Fisheries Service 4752:. Office of Protected Resources, 3859:"Food chains: Killer in the kelp" 3630:Status of Killer Whales in Canada 3339:from the original on May 26, 2024 2773: 2384:Port au Choix Archaeological Site 2243:Raincoast Conservation Foundation 2033:occurs in other carnivore species 1974:Adult female orca with calf near 758:, based on examination of a dead 27:Largest living species of dolphin 10172:Stevens, Blair (June 11, 2020). 10165: 10149:. March 17, 2016. Archived from 10135: 10103: 10088: 10024: 9991: 9953: 9872: 9783: 9712: 9682: 9599: 9568: 9519: 9363: 9339: 9306: 9244: 9205: 9175: 9141: 9110: 9080: 9050: 8998:. MONTEREY. UPI. July 11, 1972. 8984: 8959: 8829: 8816:from the original on May 5, 2008 8657: 8637: 8604: 8543: 8519:Keim, Brandon (March 24, 2009). 8512: 8455: 8424: 8405: 8277:Lyke, M. L. (October 14, 2006). 8224: 8163: 8132: 8095: 8069: 8050: 8026: 8009: 7946: 7797:. March 25, 2019. Archived from 7765: 7720: 7713:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01647.x 7626:"Culture in whales and dolphins" 7564: 7540: 7474: 7373: 7342: 7280: 7237: 7165: 7096: 7048:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01496.x 7015: 6980: 6934: 6875: 6807: 6749: 6704: 6635: 6580: 6549: 6499:. Voyageur Press. pp. 23–. 6437: 6402: 6276:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00163.x 6218:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00453.x 6133:from the original on May 9, 2016 4572:Forney, K. A.; Wade, P. (2007). 3752:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00239.x 3242:. National Wildlife Federation. 2985: 2924: 2910: 2896: 2882: 2720:International Whaling Commission 2389:In the tales and beliefs of the 1799: 1781: 1763: 1728: 1456: 1439: 1188: 1170: 704: 686: 664: 238: 75: 11887:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise ( 11764:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin ( 11612:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin ( 11603:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ( 10670:, off the coast of San Clemente 9939:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.002 9290:. ABC News. November 30, 2006. 9117:Dewan, Pandora (June 9, 2023). 8966:Cherry-Garrard, Apsley (2004). 8732:Academy of Sciences of the USSR 8715:Academy of Sciences of the USSR 6343: 6324: 6289: 6236: 6189: 6115:. In Perrin, William F. (ed.). 6020: 5969: 5936: 5877: 5812: 5731: 5676: 5619: 5560: 5451: 5366: 5317: 5248: 5221: 5155: 5087: 5035: 4864: 4836:. Marinebio.org. Archived from 4803: 4784: 4670: 4636: 4498: 4418: 4346: 4308: 4285: 4226: 4212:. Academic Press. p. 189. 4199: 4024: 3945: 3907: 3677:"Three forms of killer whales ( 3557: 3516: 3410: 3376: 3351: 3289: 2976: 2042: 1883: 1738:Multimedia relating to the orca 705: 52:. For 1962 tokusatsu film, see 11433:Southern right whale dolphin ( 11424:Northern right whale dolphin ( 11356:Atlantic white-sided dolphin ( 10649:Orca devours great white shark 10326:Marine Ecology Progress Series 10268:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 10196: 10097:The Best American Sampler 2011 8707:The orphan boy with his sister 8599:Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000 8400:Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000 8262:Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000 8127:Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000 7318:Spear, Kevin (March 7, 2010). 6870:Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000 6544:Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000 6117:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 5796:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 5168:ICES Journal of Marine Science 4482:. Seaworld.org. Archived from 4413:Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000 4390:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 3791:Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000 3362:. Cambridge University Press. 3270: 3265:Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000 3172: 3048: 2852: 2832:Whale and Dolphin Conservation 2762:, including the male known as 2190:U.S. Navy sonar may harm orcas 1987:animals that undergo menopause 1370:, which have been recorded to 566:conflicts with human fisheries 455:and the largest member of the 13: 1: 13145:Animals that use echolocation 12470:Deraniyagala's beaked whale ( 12443:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale ( 11654:Pantropical spotted dolphin ( 11621:Australian humpback dolphin ( 11383:Pacific white-sided dolphin ( 10613:Salish Sea Hydrophone Network 9501:The Christian Science Monitor 9351:Longevity and Causes of Death 9251:Scott Neuman (May 15, 2024). 9212:Crisp, James (May 27, 2023). 8726:Menovshchikov, G. A. (1962). 8334:Pickrell, John (March 2004). 8231:Robbins, Jim (July 9, 2018). 7630:Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7136:10.1080/09524622.2007.9753581 7001:10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.04.014 5764:10.2989/1814232X.2024.2311272 5709:10.2989/1814232X.2022.2066723 5502:"Predation on a white shark ( 4524:Journal of Applied Physiology 4037:) indicates multiple species" 3655:The Canadian Field-Naturalist 3238:Price, Mary (July 22, 2013). 2998: 2940:List of marine mammal species 1965: 1722:behave more like transients. 1152: 1109:Variations in Antarctic orcas 11466:Australian snubfin dolphin ( 10874:North Atlantic right whale ( 8970:. Globe Pequot. p. 92. 8754:(in Russian). Archived from 7592:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050139 7407:10.1371/journal.pone.0226206 6431:10.1016/j.pocean.2006.02.007 5911:10.1371/journal.pone.0207287 4893:10.1126/science.331.6015.274 4834: – Orca (Killer Whale)" 4018:Society for Marine Mammalogy 2969: 2789: 2285:adversely affected orcas in 2128:. A 2018 study published in 1594: 1344:Pacific white-sided dolphins 1250:are also eaten, but smaller 962:orcas have been documented. 879:Society for Marine Mammalogy 817:Atlantic white-sided dolphin 752:of 1558, part of the larger 574:U.S. Endangered Species list 7: 13155:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 12416:Blainville's beaked whale ( 12357:Tropical bottlenose whale ( 12333:Southern bottlenose whale ( 12324:Northern bottlenose whale ( 11773:Common bottlenose dolphin ( 11630:Atlantic humpback dolphin ( 10883:North Pacific right whale ( 10423:Mammals of the Soviet Union 9446:New York Zoological Society 9419:New York Zoological Society 8888:September 15, 2020, at the 7553:September 15, 2020, at the 5949:Frontiers in Marine Science 5293:) Sharks by Killer Whales ( 5257:Canadian Journal of Zoology 5124:10.1016/j.jembe.2015.08.008 5051:Canadian Journal of Zoology 4536:10.1152/jappl.1967.22.5.974 3456:Zum Wal in der Marienkirche 3426:(in Latin). Vol. v.1 ( 3335:. Perseus Digital Library. 3304:. Perseus Digital Library. 2875: 2712:Ministry of the Environment 2636:, the movie's captive star 2470: 2122:brominated flame-retardants 1670:live in comparably complex 795:to the Lissodelphininae, a 655: 10: 13171: 12515:Stejneger's beaked whale ( 11896:Yangtze finless porpoise ( 11681:Atlantic spotted dolphin ( 11266:Short-finned pilot whale ( 10691:November 16, 2019, at the 10636:February 19, 2023, at the 10206:Killer Whales of the World 10111:"Corpse Is Found on Whale" 9722:. The Whale Laboratory of 9692:. The Whale Laboratory of 9581:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 9459:Francis & Hewlett 2007 8892:(Latin), in Bill Thayer's 8838:（北海道）「シャチ送り」の遺構か礼文島の遺跡で出土 8587:Francis & Hewlett 2007 8437:Seattle Post Intelligencer 8283:Seattle Post Intelligencer 8062:November 28, 2009, at the 7772:Timiras, Paola S. (2013). 7692:Journal of Applied Ecology 6078:Pitman, Robert L. (2016). 5845:10.1007/s10211-022-00394-1 5652:10.1038/s41598-019-39356-2 5567:Heithaus, Michael (2001). 5458:O'Sullivan, J. B. (2000). 5377:) in New Zealand waters". 3958:Royal Society Open Science 2963:Ingrid Visser (researcher) 2793: 2675: 2671: 2547: 2492: 2438: 2313: 1887: 1827: 1395:strap-toothed beaked whale 1308:broadnose sevengill sharks 1161: 1019:Orca types and populations 1016: 833:Orca types and populations 830: 619: 36: 29: 13150:Mammals described in 1758 13035: 12611: 12560: 12548:Shepherd's beaked whale ( 12536: 12369: 12345: 12304: 12262: 12245: 12208: 12162: 12125: 12091:Araguaian river dolphin ( 12070: 12024: 11987: 11959: 11908: 11867: 11850: 11822: 11798: 11789: 11726: 11702: 11642: 11583: 11550: 11526: 11502: 11478: 11445: 11404: 11335: 11311: 11287: 11275:Long-finned pilot whale ( 11246: 11222: 11198: 11147: 11130: 11126: 11109: 11064: 11036: 11012: 10916: 10899: 10845: 10821: 10812: 10808: 10791: 10741: 10261:Ford, John K. B. (2002). 10236:Carwardine, Mark (2001). 9919:Marine Pollution Bulletin 9483:Heimlich & Boran 2001 8774:"Siberian Yupik (Eskimo)" 8309:October 28, 2008, at the 7642:10.1017/S0140525X0100396X 7529:: 5. 2005. Archived from 7266:10.1007/s10211-007-0029-7 7109:from Southeast Kamchatka" 7026:) call type production". 6744:Heimlich & Boran 2001 6609:10.1007/s00300-010-0853-5 6336:November 7, 2015, at the 6157:Heimlich & Boran 2001 5962:10.3389/fmars.2021.648421 5598:10.1017/S0952836901000061 5014:10.1017/S002531541000072X 4647:. Reuters. Archived from 4103:10.1007/s00300-010-0871-3 3641:Status of Killer Whales, 3635:November 8, 2011, at the 2338:feature orcas throughout 2106:Polychlorinated biphenyls 2078:Depletion of prey species 1957:groups of killer whales ( 1539:been observed preying on 1384:short-finned pilot whales 1382:, and one study suggests 1078:off much of the coast of 586: 405: 398: 382: 373: 350: 343: 235:Scientific classification 233: 216: 194: 185: 178: 169: 151: 142: 63: 12434:Gervais's beaked whale ( 12389:Sowerby's beaked whale ( 12100:Bolivian river dolphin ( 10605:August 15, 2000, at the 10426:. Vol. II, part 3. 10203:Baird, Robin W. (2002). 10147:National Geographic News 9662: 9436:, in British Columbia". 8837: 8808: 8340:National Geographic News 7248:) that feed on herring ( 6411:Progress in Oceanography 6350:Springer, A. M. (2003). 6295:Pinell, Nadine, et al. " 5884:Samarra, Filipa (2018). 5334:) in New Zealand Waters" 4796:August 22, 2009, at the 3523:Horreo, Jose L. (2018). 3282:August 15, 2012, at the 3020:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 2760:orcas of Eden, Australia 2550:Orcas in popular culture 2544:Modern Western attitudes 2305:Relationship with humans 1868:Norwegian and Icelandic 1795:Vocalizations of an orca 1777:Orca calls at a distance 1496:South American sea lions 1376:long-finned pilot whales 919:mitochondrial sequencing 826: 12572:Cuvier's beaked whale ( 12497:Perrin's beaked whale ( 12461:Hector's beaked whale ( 12425:Ramari's beaked whale ( 12398:Andrews' beaked whale ( 12274:Arnoux's beaked whale ( 11947:Burmeister's porpoise ( 11714:Rough-toothed dolphin ( 11138:(Oceanic dolphins) 10937:Antarctic minke whale ( 10679:April 24, 2020, at the 10666:March 17, 2021, at the 9372:The Science News-Letter 8643:Rollmann, Hans (1999). 8417:September 11, 2012, at 8192:10.1126/science.aat1953 8043:April 19, 2011, at the 6377:10.1073/pnas.1635156100 5943:Kiszka, Jeremy (2021). 5311:10.1578/AM.31.1.2005.83 4014:MarineMammalScience.org 3932:10.1578/am.50.2.2024.93 3333:A Greek-English Lexicon 2828:World Animal Protection 2754:Cooperation with humans 2361:Kwakwaka'wakw mythology 2227:David Suzuki Foundation 1698:A pair of orcas in the 1514:in shallow water, even 1512:southern elephant seals 1221: 857:reported in 2008, "The 723:is the only recognized 648:, whose only member is 570:southern resident orcas 552:due to prey depletion, 459:family. It is the only 428:(Bonnaterre, 1789) 12283:Baird's beaked whale ( 12183:Ganges river dolphin ( 12109:Amazon river dolphin ( 11490:Orca or killer whale ( 11414:(Right whale dolphins) 11347:White-beaked dolphin ( 10865:Southern right whale ( 10654:April 5, 2012, at the 9848:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0348 9356:June 19, 2010, at the 9320:April 3, 2010, at the 8876:Gaius Plinius Secundus 8836:Miyanaga, T. (2014). 8483:10.47536/jcrm.v4i3.844 8462:Williams, Rob (2023). 8289:on September 15, 2020. 7918:10.1093/jmammal/gyv113 6900:10.1098/rspb.2021.0617 6462:10.1098/rstb.2008.0231 6302:June 30, 2017, at the 5504:Carcharodon carcharias 5181:10.1093/icesjms/fsy118 5031:on September 30, 2014. 4815:March 1, 2014, at the 3857:Schrope, Mark (2007). 3700:10.47536/jcrm.v5i2.813 3681:) in Antarctic waters" 3650:July 14, 2010, at the 2826:Organizations such as 2812: 2695: 2646:Earth Island Institute 2607: 2581:southern resident orca 2571: 2520:Human attacks on orcas 2454: 2331: 2219:British Columbia Coast 2207:decompression sickness 2158:Endangered Species Act 2066:conservation dependent 2053: 1978: 1963: 1927: 1752: 1702: 1608: 1397: 1110: 1031: 970: 935: 771:oceanic dolphin family 693:Modern orca skeleton, 12968:Paleobiology Database 12524:Spade-toothed whale ( 12488:True's beaked whale ( 12479:Strap-toothed whale ( 12452:Gray's beaked whale ( 12407:Hubbs' beaked whale ( 12292:Sato's beaked whale ( 12192:Indus river dolphin ( 11920:Spectacled porpoise ( 11736:(Bottlenose dolphins) 11177:Heaviside's dolphin ( 11159:Commerson's dolphin ( 10964:Pygmy Bryde's whale ( 10674:Orcas vs Sperm Whales 10618:July 9, 2013, at the 9649:Obee & Ellis 1992 9531:June 7, 2020, at the 8912:June 4, 2011, at the 8866:, pp. Chapter 1. 8864:Obee & Ellis 1992 8613:"The call of Tokitae" 8038:) in British Columbia 8021:Know the Killer Whale 7959:Marine Mammal Science 7503:Obee & Ellis 1992 6256:Marine Mammal Science 6206:Marine Mammal Science 6084:Marine Mammal Science 6033:Marine Mammal Science 5986:Marine Mammal Science 5982:Balaenoptera musculus 5825:) and killer whales ( 5518:Marine Mammal Science 5506:) by a killer whale ( 5379:Marine Mammal Science 5191:10536/DRO/DU:30120094 4935:10.1353/psc.2006.0024 4724:Ford & Ellis 2006 4557:Obee & Ellis 1992 4506:Delphinapterus luecas 4053:10.1101/gr.102954.109 3583:10.1093/sysbio/syz068 3482:Marine Mammal Science 3118:: e.T15421A50368125. 2803: 2685: 2601: 2566: 2482:Terra Nova Expedition 2448: 2439:Further information: 2323: 2231:Environmental Defence 2104:of toxins, including 2050: 1973: 1951: 1925: 1890:Cetacean intelligence 1751: 1697: 1642:Orcas will engage in 1602: 1506:, Argentina, and the 1392: 1378:has been recorded in 1108: 1026: 1017:Further information: 968: 933: 831:Further information: 737:in his landmark 1758 727:species in the genus 463:species in the genus 420:Bonnaterre, 1789 153:Transient orcas near 32:Orca (disambiguation) 13140:Cosmopolitan mammals 12506:Pygmy beaked whale ( 12379:(Mesoplodont whales) 11538:False killer whale ( 11514:Melon-headed whale ( 11234:Pygmy killer whale ( 10928:Common minke whale ( 10549:Hoyt, Erich (1998), 10321:in British Columbia" 10032:"Orcas in captivity" 9998:Rose, N. A. (2011). 9963:. November 8, 2017. 9758:Asian Marine Biology 9611:(Limaeus,1758)マイルカ科" 9187:Practical Boat Owner 8650:May 4, 2009, at the 8346:on September 9, 2011 8109:. January 14, 2020. 7906:Journal of Mammalogy 7536:on October 11, 2007. 7516:"Killer whale games" 7330:on September 8, 2015 6763:on December 16, 2010 5478:on February 28, 2010 4486:on September 4, 2013 4195:on January 18, 2012. 3358:Best, P. B. (2007). 3150:"Appendices | CITES" 3070:on December 12, 2021 2768:Prince William Sound 2742:being killed in the 2620:photo-identification 2602:In 2002, the orphan 2495:Iberian orca attacks 2287:Prince William Sound 2247:Wilderness Committee 1650:playing with a male 1589:Marineland of Canada 1587:. A captive orca at 1488:California sea lions 1284:short-tail stingrays 1001:layer of insulating 823:) being more basal. 713:3D model of skeleton 568:. In late 2005, the 532:assesses the orca's 471:cosmopolitan species 30:For other uses, see 12314:(Bottlenose whales) 12054:Dwarf sperm whale ( 12045:Pygmy sperm whale ( 11877:(Finless porpoises) 11593:(Humpback dolphins) 11457:Irrawaddy dolphin ( 11374:Hourglass dolphin ( 11085:Pygmy right whale ( 10697:National Geographic 10525:National Geographic 10339:2006MEPS..316..185F 9931:2011MarPB..62..792L 9347:Naval Aviation News 9034:. August 18, 2005. 8907:English translation 8784:on October 28, 2016 8758:on August 30, 2007. 8618:The Washington Post 8589:, pp. 115–120. 8377:. October 9, 2008. 8184:2018Sci...361.1373D 8178:(6409): 1373–1376. 7971:2015MMamS..31.1362J 7704:2009JApEc..46..632W 7398:2019PLoSO..1426206R 7193:2006ASAJ..119..627W 7128:2007Bioac..16..261F 7040:2008Ethol.114..599F 6601:2010PoBio..33.1589P 6456:(1524): 1647–1658. 6423:2006PrOce..68..329D 6368:2003PNAS..10012223S 6362:(21): 12223–12228. 6268:2008MMamS..24..225V 6045:2001MMamS..17..494P 5998:2022MMamS..38.1286T 5902:2018PLoSO..1307287S 5756:2024AfJMS..46....1T 5701:2022AfJMS..44..139T 5644:2019NatSR...9.6153J 5607:on January 15, 2016 5531:1999MMamS..15..563P 5464:, by killer whales 5435:2019Ecosp..10E2531E 5391:1999MMamS..15..220V 5116:2015JEMBE.473...90R 5006:2010JMBUK..90.1601W 4885:2011Sci...331..274M 4651:on August 17, 2017. 4452:Heptner et al. 1996 4440:Heptner et al. 1996 4425:Orca (Killer whale) 3978:10.1098/rsos.231368 3970:2024RSOS...1131368M 3875:2007Natur.445..703S 3494:1999MMamS..15..619L 2821:aquatic theme parks 2310:Indigenous cultures 2214:Species at Risk Act 2090:habitat disturbance 2062:conservation status 1577:rockhopper penguins 1541:terrestrial mammals 1340:bottlenose dolphins 954:in the water. Both 944:false killer whales 896:nominate subspecies 845:, or possibly even 821:Leucopleurus acutus 673:Orcinus citoniensis 572:were placed on the 562:marine mammal parks 534:conservation status 510:dolphins and whales 417:Delphinus gladiator 412:Linnaeus, 1758 188:Conservation status 54:Killer Whale (film) 12229:La Plata dolphin ( 11929:Harbour porpoise ( 11898:N. asiaeorientalis 11755:Burrunan dolphin ( 11323:Fraser's dolphin ( 11186:Hector's dolphin ( 10500:: Whitecap Books. 10370:Harbour Publishing 10348:10.3354/meps316185 10116:The New York Times 8922:Henry Thomas Riley 8881:Historia Naturalis 8778:East Asian Studies 8666:American Antiquity 8237:The New York Times 7942:on April 23, 2019. 7546:Pitman, Robert L. 7449:Associated Press. 6757:"Keep Whales Wild" 6718:. April 19, 2022. 5823:Globicephala melas 5632:Scientific Reports 5576:Journal of Zoology 5289:) and Hammerhead ( 4252:10.3390/ani6080049 3739:Biological Reviews 3571:Systematic Biology 3302:A Latin Dictionary 2918:Marine life portal 2813: 2732:Aboriginal whaling 2696: 2690:swims alongside a 2660:was discovered in 2608: 2572: 2455: 2332: 2074:endangered species 2054: 2037:bottlenose dolphin 1979: 1928: 1753: 1703: 1609: 1569:chinstrap penguins 1429:exploding harpoons 1398: 1316:great white sharks 1292:smooth hammerheads 1234:sea specialize in 1141:in Canada and the 1111: 1050:of Argentina, the 1032: 987:isosceles triangle 971: 936: 877:respectively. The 779:pygmy killer whale 775:false killer whale 755:Historia animalium 512:. They are highly 481:to tropical seas. 13115: 13114: 12955:Open Tree of Life 12605:Taxon identifiers 12596: 12595: 12592: 12591: 12588: 12587: 12584: 12583: 12382: 12317: 12256: 12241: 12240: 12204: 12203: 12158: 12157: 12121: 12120: 12066: 12065: 12020: 12019: 11983: 11982: 11971:Dall's porpoise ( 11880: 11861: 11846: 11845: 11785: 11784: 11739: 11690:Spinner dolphin ( 11672:Striped dolphin ( 11663:Clymene dolphin ( 11596: 11417: 11365:Peale's dolphin ( 11299:Risso's dolphin ( 11259: 11168:Chilean dolphin ( 11141: 11120: 11105: 11104: 11101: 11100: 11097: 11096: 11060: 11059: 10910: 10895: 10894: 10858: 10802: 10585:978-0-8451-3100-8 10577:Alan R. Liss Inc. 10564:978-0-920656-25-9 10507:978-1-55110-034-0 10441:978-1-886106-81-9 10412:978-0-89658-545-4 10379:978-1-55017-426-7 10307:978-0-7748-0800-2 10253:978-0-7894-8266-2 10228:978-0-7603-2654-1 10153:on April 20, 2016 9988:, pp. 43–44. 9552:. July 13, 2007. 9473:, pp. 73–80. 9461:, pp. 58–59. 9409:(killer whale)". 9378:(24): 374. 1956. 9189:. June 19, 2023. 9027:The Seattle Times 8996:Los Angeles Times 8977:978-1-59228-212-8 8900:May 24, 2012, at 8772:Vajda, Edward J. 8412:Research on Orcas 7979:10.1111/mms.12225 7523:Blackfish Sounder 7234:, pp. 15–16. 7201:10.1121/1.2130934 6595:(11): 1589–1594. 6506:978-0-7603-2654-1 6186:, pp. 61–62. 6126:978-0-08-091993-5 6097:10.1111/mms.12343 6006:10.1111/mms.12906 5921:20.500.11815/1095 5805:978-0-08-091993-5 5548:on March 22, 2012 5444:10.1002/ecs2.2531 5332:Isurus oxyrinchus 5057:(11): 1103–1112. 4879:(6015): 274–276. 4711:, pp. 24–29. 4590:978-0-520-24884-7 4466:, pp. 30–32. 4399:978-0-08-091993-5 4317:National Wildlife 4294:National Wildlife 4219:978-0-12-409592-2 4162:Mammalian Species 3869:(7129): 703–705. 3793:, pp. 16–21. 3542:10.1111/jzs.12255 3369:978-0-521-89710-5 3184:(Linnaeus, 1758)" 3033:978-0-8018-8221-0 2945:List of cetaceans 2564: 2526:Pacific Northwest 2514:attacks on humans 2235:Greenpeace Canada 2154:southern resident 2139:Pacific Northwest 2108:(PCBs). European 2023:Pacific Northwest 1825: 1824: 1804: 1786: 1768: 1700:Pacific Northwest 1676:them in captivity 1672:social structures 1617:surface behaviour 1555:Orcas do consume 1492:Steller sea lions 1393:Orca attacking a 1352:harbour porpoises 1322:Mammals and birds 1177:Tail-slapping in 1013:Range and habitat 983:sexual dimorphism 914:Orcinus glacialis 888:O. o. rectipinnus 884:Orcinus orca ater 764:Bay of Greifswald 631:. As part of the 479:Antarctic regions 435: 434: 228: 211: 16:(Redirected from 13162: 13108: 13107: 13095: 13094: 13082: 13081: 13069: 13068: 13056: 13055: 13054: 13028: 13027: 13015: 13014: 13002: 13001: 12989: 12988: 12976: 12975: 12963: 12962: 12950: 12949: 12937: 12936: 12924: 12923: 12914: 12913: 12901: 12900: 12888: 12887: 12885:NBNSYS0000005173 12875: 12874: 12862: 12861: 12849: 12848: 12836: 12835: 12823: 12822: 12810: 12809: 12797: 12796: 12784: 12783: 12771: 12770: 12758: 12757: 12745: 12744: 12732: 12731: 12722: 12721: 12709: 12708: 12696: 12695: 12683: 12682: 12673: 12672: 12660: 12659: 12647: 12646: 12645: 12632: 12631: 12630: 12600: 12599: 12381: 12380: 12376: 12316: 12315: 12311: 12260: 12259: 12255: 12254: 12250: 12215: 12214: 12169: 12168: 12132: 12131: 12093:I. araguaiaensis 12077: 12076: 12031: 12030: 12010:P. macrocephalus 11994: 11993: 11879: 11878: 11874: 11865: 11864: 11860: 11859: 11855: 11796: 11795: 11738: 11737: 11733: 11595: 11594: 11590: 11571:Guiana dolphin ( 11416: 11415: 11411: 11268:G. macrorhynchus 11258: 11257: 11253: 11210:Common dolphin ( 11145: 11144: 11140: 11139: 11135: 11128: 11127: 11119:(Toothed whales) 11118: 11111: 11110: 11071: 11070: 11048:Humpback whale ( 10930:B. acutorostrata 10914: 10913: 10909: 10908: 10904: 10857: 10856: 10852: 10819: 10818: 10810: 10809: 10800: 10793: 10792: 10726: 10719: 10712: 10703: 10702: 10626:Keep Whales Wild 10589: 10567: 10557:, Camden House, 10556: 10545: 10511: 10498:British Columbia 10484: 10482: 10480: 10475:on June 26, 2008 10474: 10459: 10445: 10416: 10383: 10352: 10350: 10311: 10290: 10257: 10232: 10190: 10189: 10187: 10185: 10169: 10163: 10162: 10160: 10158: 10139: 10133: 10132: 10130: 10128: 10119:. July 7, 1999. 10107: 10101: 10100: 10092: 10086: 10085: 10083: 10081: 10060: 10054: 10053: 10051: 10049: 10043: 10036: 10028: 10022: 10021: 10019: 10017: 10011: 10004: 9995: 9989: 9983: 9977: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9957: 9951: 9950: 9913: 9900: 9899: 9897: 9895: 9876: 9870: 9869: 9859: 9827: 9818: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9808:on March 4, 2016 9807: 9801:. Archived from 9796: 9787: 9781: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9770: 9755: 9746: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9735: 9716: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9705: 9686: 9680: 9679: 9677: 9675: 9658: 9652: 9646: 9637: 9636: 9634: 9632: 9626: 9615: 9603: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9592: 9572: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9542: 9536: 9523: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9512: 9492: 9486: 9480: 9474: 9468: 9462: 9456: 9450: 9449: 9429: 9423: 9422: 9402: 9396: 9395: 9367: 9361: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9325: 9310: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9284: 9275: 9274: 9272: 9270: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9209: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9179: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9145: 9139: 9138: 9136: 9134: 9114: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9094:. May 29, 2023. 9084: 9078: 9077: 9075: 9073: 9064:. May 23, 2023. 9054: 9048: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9032:Associated Press 9018: 9012: 9011: 9009: 9007: 8988: 8982: 8981: 8963: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8947:on July 24, 2011 8931: 8925: 8873: 8867: 8861: 8848: 8847: 8833: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8821: 8803: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8780:. Archived from 8769: 8760: 8759: 8744: 8735: 8724: 8718: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8661: 8655: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8630: 8608: 8602: 8596: 8590: 8584: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8563:on July 28, 2011 8562: 8556:. Archived from 8555: 8547: 8541: 8540: 8538: 8536: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8499: 8468: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8428: 8422: 8409: 8403: 8397: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8386: 8367: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8342:. Archived from 8331: 8314: 8300: 8291: 8290: 8285:. Archived from 8274: 8265: 8259: 8253: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8228: 8222: 8221: 8203: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8156: 8136: 8130: 8124: 8115: 8114: 8099: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8073: 8067: 8054: 8048: 8030: 8024: 8013: 8007: 8001: 7995: 7989: 7983: 7982: 7965:(4): 1362–1377. 7950: 7944: 7943: 7938:. Archived from 7929: 7912:(5): 1055–1070. 7893: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7863: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7832: 7826: 7820: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7787: 7778: 7777: 7769: 7763: 7762: 7724: 7718: 7717: 7715: 7683: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7604: 7594: 7568: 7562: 7544: 7538: 7537: 7535: 7520: 7512: 7506: 7500: 7491: 7490: 7478: 7472: 7466: 7457: 7447: 7438: 7437: 7427: 7409: 7392:(12): e0226206. 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7326:. Archived from 7324:Orlando Sentinel 7315: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7284: 7278: 7277: 7241: 7235: 7229: 7220: 7219: 7218:on May 27, 2011. 7217: 7211:. Archived from 7178: 7169: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7152: 7113: 7100: 7094: 7093: 7082:10.1037/a0028858 7061: 7052: 7051: 7019: 7013: 7012: 6989:Animal Behaviour 6984: 6978: 6972: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6921: 6911: 6879: 6873: 6867: 6861: 6855: 6846: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6811: 6805: 6799: 6790: 6784: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6753: 6747: 6741: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6639: 6633: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6553: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6529: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6473: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6417:(2–4): 329–342. 6406: 6400: 6399: 6389: 6379: 6347: 6341: 6328: 6322: 6316: 6307: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6285:on May 31, 2011. 6284: 6278:. Archived from 6253: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6193: 6187: 6181: 6172: 6166: 6160: 6154: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6024: 6018: 6017: 5992:(3): 1286–1301. 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5940: 5934: 5933: 5923: 5913: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5856: 5816: 5810: 5809: 5791: 5776: 5775: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5663: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5606: 5600:. Archived from 5591: 5573: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5547: 5541:. Archived from 5514: 5497: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5414: 5403: 5402: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5353: 5338: 5321: 5315: 5314: 5287:Alopias vulpinus 5282: 5273: 5272: 5263:(8): 1494–1499. 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5193: 5183: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5147: 5145: 5135: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5079: 5077: 5071: 5048: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5024:. Archived from 5000:(8): 1601–1611. 4991: 4983:"Killer whales ( 4978: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4961: 4946: 4920: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4840:on July 13, 2012 4826: 4820: 4807: 4801: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4756:. Archived from 4738: 4727: 4721: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4690:on March 6, 2014 4689: 4682: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4653: 4652: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4622: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4599: 4578: 4569: 4560: 4559:, pp. 1–27. 4554: 4548: 4547: 4519: 4513: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4476: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4385: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4360:on April 5, 2012 4350: 4344: 4338: 4329: 4328: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4272: 4254: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4188:. Archived from 4159: 4146: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4064: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3989: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3886: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3837: 3812: 3803: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3763: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3716: 3685: 3672: 3661: 3622: 3613: 3612: 3602: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3544: 3520: 3514: 3513: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3293: 3287: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3146: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3127: 3097: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3066:. Archived from 3052: 3046: 3045: 3009: 2992: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2934: 2929: 2928: 2920: 2915: 2914: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2900: 2892: 2890:Cetaceans portal 2887: 2886: 2885: 2809:Miami Seaquarium 2565: 2459:Western cultures 2376:Maritime Archaic 2257:Johnstone Strait 2253:Underwater noise 2174:British Columbia 2147:Aleutian Islands 2118:Norwegian Arctic 1806: 1805: 1788: 1787: 1770: 1769: 1750: 1734: 1733: 1658:Social structure 1652:Steller sea lion 1648:British Columbia 1532:Aleutian Islands 1504:Península Valdés 1478:species such as 1460: 1448:Valdes Peninsula 1443: 1356:Dall's porpoises 1288:common threshers 1266:In New Zealand, 1261:carousel feeding 1192: 1174: 1084:British Columbia 1068:Aleutian Islands 1048:Valdés Peninsula 991:occipital crests 948:Risso's dolphins 739:10th edition of 710: 709: 690: 668: 622: 621: 606:originally used 556:, pollution (by 542:separate species 429: 421: 413: 394: 386: 378: 356: 243: 242: 222: 205: 200: 199: 174: 159:Aleutian Islands 147: 137: 69:Temporal range: 61: 60: 46: 21: 13170: 13169: 13165: 13164: 13163: 13161: 13160: 13159: 13120: 13119: 13116: 13111: 13103: 13098: 13090: 13085: 13077: 13072: 13064: 13059: 13050: 13049: 13044: 13031: 13023: 13018: 13010: 13005: 12997: 12992: 12984: 12979: 12971: 12966: 12958: 12953: 12945: 12940: 12932: 12929:Observation.org 12927: 12919: 12917: 12909: 12904: 12896: 12891: 12883: 12878: 12870: 12865: 12857: 12852: 12844: 12839: 12831: 12826: 12818: 12813: 12805: 12800: 12792: 12787: 12779: 12774: 12766: 12761: 12753: 12748: 12740: 12735: 12727: 12725: 12717: 12712: 12704: 12699: 12691: 12686: 12678: 12676: 12668: 12663: 12655: 12650: 12641: 12640: 12635: 12626: 12625: 12620: 12607: 12597: 12580: 12556: 12532: 12418:M. densirostris 12378: 12377: 12375: 12365: 12341: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12300: 12253:(Beaked whales) 12252: 12251: 12249: 12237: 12200: 12154: 12117: 12062: 12016: 11979: 11955: 11904: 11889:N. phocaenoides 11876: 11875: 11873: 11857: 11856: 11854: 11842: 11818: 11781: 11735: 11734: 11732: 11722: 11698: 11692:S. longirostris 11674:S. coeruleoalba 11638: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11579: 11546: 11522: 11498: 11474: 11459:O. brevirostris 11441: 11413: 11412: 11410: 11400: 11392:Dusky dolphin ( 11331: 11307: 11283: 11255: 11254: 11252: 11242: 11218: 11194: 11150:Cephalorhynchus 11137: 11136: 11134: 11122: 11093: 11056: 11050:M. novaeangliae 11032: 11008: 10982:Omura's whale ( 10955:Bryde's whale ( 10906: 10905: 10903: 10901:Balaenopteridae 10891: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10841: 10833:Bowhead whale ( 10804: 10801:(Baleen whales) 10787: 10737: 10730: 10693:Wayback Machine 10681:Wayback Machine 10668:Wayback Machine 10656:Wayback Machine 10638:Wayback Machine 10620:Wayback Machine 10607:Wayback Machine 10596: 10586: 10565: 10518: 10516:Further reading 10508: 10494:North Vancouver 10478: 10476: 10472: 10457: 10442: 10428:Washington D.C. 10413: 10380: 10308: 10287: 10254: 10229: 10199: 10194: 10193: 10183: 10181: 10170: 10166: 10156: 10154: 10141: 10140: 10136: 10126: 10124: 10109: 10108: 10104: 10093: 10089: 10079: 10077: 10069:Rotten Tomatoes 10062: 10061: 10057: 10047: 10045: 10044:on July 6, 2010 10041: 10034: 10030: 10029: 10025: 10015: 10013: 10009: 10002: 9996: 9992: 9984: 9980: 9970: 9968: 9959: 9958: 9954: 9914: 9903: 9893: 9891: 9878: 9877: 9873: 9836:Biology Letters 9828: 9821: 9811: 9809: 9805: 9794: 9788: 9784: 9774: 9772: 9768: 9753: 9747: 9743: 9733: 9731: 9718: 9717: 9713: 9703: 9701: 9688: 9687: 9683: 9673: 9671: 9664: 9660: 9659: 9655: 9647: 9640: 9630: 9628: 9624: 9613: 9605: 9604: 9600: 9590: 9588: 9573: 9569: 9559: 9557: 9544: 9543: 9539: 9533:Wayback Machine 9524: 9520: 9510: 9508: 9493: 9489: 9481: 9477: 9469: 9465: 9457: 9453: 9430: 9426: 9403: 9399: 9384:10.2307/3936617 9369: 9368: 9364: 9358:Wayback Machine 9344: 9340: 9332: 9328: 9322:Wayback Machine 9311: 9307: 9297: 9295: 9286: 9285: 9278: 9268: 9266: 9249: 9245: 9235: 9233: 9210: 9206: 9196: 9194: 9181: 9180: 9176: 9166: 9164: 9146: 9142: 9132: 9130: 9115: 9111: 9101: 9099: 9092:The Independent 9086: 9085: 9081: 9071: 9069: 9056: 9055: 9051: 9041: 9039: 9020: 9019: 9015: 9005: 9003: 8990: 8989: 8985: 8978: 8964: 8960: 8950: 8948: 8933: 8932: 8928: 8914:Wayback Machine 8905:. (See also an 8890:Wayback Machine 8874: 8870: 8862: 8851: 8839: 8834: 8830: 8819: 8817: 8810: 8805: 8804: 8797: 8787: 8785: 8770: 8763: 8746: 8745: 8738: 8725: 8721: 8705: 8701: 8662: 8658: 8652:Wayback Machine 8642: 8638: 8628: 8626: 8609: 8605: 8597: 8593: 8585: 8576: 8566: 8564: 8560: 8553: 8549: 8548: 8544: 8534: 8532: 8517: 8513: 8503: 8501: 8497: 8466: 8460: 8456: 8446: 8444: 8429: 8425: 8410: 8406: 8398: 8394: 8384: 8382: 8369: 8368: 8359: 8349: 8347: 8332: 8317: 8311:Wayback Machine 8301: 8294: 8275: 8268: 8260: 8256: 8246: 8244: 8229: 8225: 8168: 8164: 8154: 8152: 8137: 8133: 8125: 8118: 8101: 8100: 8096: 8086: 8084: 8075: 8074: 8070: 8064:Wayback Machine 8055: 8051: 8045:Wayback Machine 8031: 8027: 8014: 8010: 8002: 7998: 7990: 7986: 7951: 7947: 7894: 7887: 7877: 7875: 7864: 7860: 7850: 7848: 7833: 7829: 7823:Carwardine 2001 7821: 7814: 7804: 7802: 7801:on June 6, 2020 7789: 7788: 7781: 7770: 7766: 7751: 7725: 7721: 7684: 7677: 7667: 7665: 7622: 7618: 7569: 7565: 7555:Wayback Machine 7545: 7541: 7533: 7518: 7514: 7513: 7509: 7501: 7494: 7479: 7475: 7469:Carwardine 2001 7467: 7460: 7448: 7441: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7347: 7343: 7333: 7331: 7316: 7312: 7302: 7300: 7285: 7281: 7254:Acta Ethologica 7250:Clupea harengus 7242: 7238: 7230: 7223: 7215: 7176: 7170: 7166: 7156: 7154: 7150: 7111: 7101: 7097: 7062: 7055: 7020: 7016: 6985: 6981: 6973: 6966: 6956: 6954: 6939: 6935: 6880: 6876: 6868: 6864: 6856: 6849: 6841: 6837: 6830: 6812: 6808: 6800: 6793: 6785: 6776: 6766: 6764: 6755: 6754: 6750: 6742: 6735: 6725: 6723: 6710: 6709: 6705: 6695: 6693: 6678: 6674: 6668:Carwardine 2001 6666: 6662: 6652: 6650: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6628: 6624: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6569: 6554: 6550: 6542: 6538: 6530: 6526: 6516: 6514: 6507: 6491: 6487: 6442: 6438: 6407: 6403: 6348: 6344: 6338:Wayback Machine 6329: 6325: 6317: 6310: 6304:Wayback Machine 6294: 6290: 6282: 6251: 6241: 6237: 6227: 6225: 6194: 6190: 6182: 6175: 6169:Carwardine 2001 6167: 6163: 6155: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6127: 6109: 6105: 6076: 6072: 6062: 6060: 6025: 6021: 5974: 5970: 5941: 5937: 5882: 5878: 5817: 5813: 5806: 5792: 5779: 5736: 5732: 5681: 5677: 5624: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5571: 5565: 5561: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5512: 5498: 5491: 5481: 5479: 5462:Rhincodon typus 5456: 5452: 5415: 5406: 5371: 5367: 5357: 5355: 5351: 5341:Aquatic Mammals 5336: 5326:"Killer Whale ( 5322: 5318: 5299:Aquatic Mammals 5291:Sphyrna zygaena 5283: 5276: 5269:10.1139/z93-210 5253: 5249: 5239: 5237: 5226: 5222: 5214: 5210: 5160: 5156: 5143: 5141: 5092: 5088: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5063:10.1139/Z10-080 5046: 5040: 5036: 5028: 4989: 4979: 4975: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4923:Pacific Science 4918: 4912: 4908: 4869: 4865: 4857: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4817:Wayback Machine 4808: 4804: 4798:Wayback Machine 4789: 4785: 4777: 4773: 4763: 4761: 4760:on July 9, 2017 4742:"Killer whale ( 4740: 4739: 4730: 4722: 4715: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4680: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4663: 4656: 4641: 4637: 4629: 4625: 4619:Carwardine 2001 4617: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4576: 4570: 4563: 4555: 4551: 4520: 4516: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4478: 4477: 4470: 4464:Carwardine 2001 4462: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4431: 4423: 4419: 4411: 4407: 4400: 4386: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4341:Carwardine 2001 4339: 4332: 4313: 4309: 4290: 4286: 4231: 4227: 4220: 4204: 4200: 4192: 4170:10.2307/3504225 4157: 4147: 4130: 4122: 4118: 4082: 4078: 4041:Genome Research 4029: 4025: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3950: 3946: 3936: 3934: 3926:(2 }): 93–106. 3920:Aquatic Mammals 3912: 3908: 3884:10.1038/445703a 3855: 3851: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3810: 3804: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3734: 3730: 3720: 3718: 3714: 3683: 3673: 3664: 3652:Wayback Machine 3637:Wayback Machine 3623: 3616: 3562: 3558: 3521: 3517: 3478: 3474: 3468:Carwardine 2001 3466: 3462: 3454: 3447: 3437: 3435: 3415: 3411: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3325: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3294: 3290: 3284:Wayback Machine 3275: 3271: 3263: 3259: 3249: 3247: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3148: 3147: 3140: 3130: 3128: 3098: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3034: 3014:"Order Cetacea" 3010: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2930: 2923: 2916: 2911: 2909: 2902: 2895: 2888: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2798: 2792: 2776: 2756: 2744:Seto Inland Sea 2708:recoverable oil 2686:The orca named 2680: 2674: 2554: 2552: 2546: 2522: 2510: 2497: 2491: 2463:Pliny the Elder 2453:, Germany, 1545 2443: 2437: 2417:, and southern 2318: 2312: 2307: 2102:bioaccumulation 2045: 2019:New South Wales 1968: 1892: 1886: 1832: 1826: 1821: 1820: 1812: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1800: 1797: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1782: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1764: 1761: 1754: 1748: 1731: 1668:higher primates 1660: 1644:surplus killing 1597: 1565:gentoo penguins 1534:, a decline in 1472: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1468: 1461: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1444: 1410:humpback whales 1336:common dolphins 1324: 1224: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1175: 1164: 1155: 1129:decline in the 1021: 1015: 928: 926:Characteristics 851:Species problem 835: 829: 808:Cephalorhynchus 741:Systema Naturae 718: 717: 716: 715: 714: 711: 700: 699: 698: 691: 682: 681: 680: 669: 658: 650:Risso's dolphin 594:The genus name 589: 560:), capture for 457:oceanic dolphin 427: 419: 411: 384: 383: 369: 358: 352: 339: 237: 229: 212: 201: 197: 190: 181: 165: 138: 136: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 74: 67: 65: 57: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13168: 13158: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13113: 13112: 13110: 13109: 13096: 13083: 13070: 13057: 13041: 13039: 13037:Delphinus orca 13033: 13032: 13030: 13029: 13016: 13003: 12990: 12977: 12964: 12951: 12938: 12925: 12915: 12902: 12889: 12876: 12863: 12850: 12837: 12824: 12811: 12798: 12785: 12772: 12759: 12746: 12733: 12723: 12710: 12697: 12684: 12674: 12661: 12648: 12633: 12617: 12615: 12609: 12608: 12594: 12593: 12590: 12589: 12586: 12585: 12582: 12581: 12579: 12578: 12574:Z. cavirostris 12568: 12566: 12558: 12557: 12555: 12554: 12544: 12542: 12534: 12533: 12531: 12530: 12521: 12512: 12503: 12494: 12485: 12476: 12467: 12458: 12449: 12440: 12431: 12422: 12413: 12404: 12395: 12385: 12383: 12367: 12366: 12364: 12363: 12353: 12351: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12339: 12330: 12320: 12318: 12302: 12301: 12299: 12298: 12289: 12280: 12270: 12268: 12257: 12243: 12242: 12239: 12238: 12236: 12235: 12231:P. blainvillei 12225: 12223: 12212: 12206: 12205: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12198: 12189: 12179: 12177: 12166: 12160: 12159: 12156: 12155: 12153: 12152: 12142: 12140: 12129: 12123: 12122: 12119: 12118: 12116: 12115: 12111:I. geoffrensis 12106: 12102:I. boliviensis 12097: 12087: 12085: 12074: 12068: 12067: 12064: 12063: 12061: 12060: 12051: 12041: 12039: 12028: 12022: 12021: 12018: 12017: 12015: 12014: 12004: 12002: 11991: 11985: 11984: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11977: 11967: 11965: 11957: 11956: 11954: 11953: 11949:P. spinipinnis 11944: 11935: 11926: 11916: 11914: 11906: 11905: 11903: 11902: 11893: 11883: 11881: 11862: 11848: 11847: 11844: 11843: 11841: 11840: 11830: 11828: 11820: 11819: 11817: 11816: 11810:Beluga whale ( 11806: 11804: 11801:Delphinapterus 11793: 11787: 11786: 11783: 11782: 11780: 11779: 11770: 11761: 11752: 11742: 11740: 11724: 11723: 11721: 11720: 11716:S. bredanensis 11710: 11708: 11700: 11699: 11697: 11696: 11687: 11678: 11669: 11660: 11650: 11648: 11640: 11639: 11637: 11636: 11627: 11618: 11609: 11599: 11597: 11581: 11580: 11578: 11577: 11568: 11564:S. fluviatilis 11558: 11556: 11548: 11547: 11545: 11544: 11534: 11532: 11524: 11523: 11521: 11520: 11510: 11508: 11500: 11499: 11497: 11496: 11486: 11484: 11476: 11475: 11473: 11472: 11463: 11453: 11451: 11443: 11442: 11440: 11439: 11430: 11420: 11418: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11398: 11389: 11385:L. obliquidens 11380: 11371: 11362: 11353: 11349:L. albirostris 11343: 11341: 11338:Lagenorhynchus 11333: 11332: 11330: 11329: 11319: 11317: 11309: 11308: 11306: 11305: 11295: 11293: 11285: 11284: 11282: 11281: 11272: 11262: 11260: 11256:(Pilot whales) 11244: 11243: 11241: 11240: 11230: 11228: 11220: 11219: 11217: 11216: 11206: 11204: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11192: 11183: 11174: 11165: 11161:C. commersonii 11155: 11153: 11142: 11124: 11123: 11107: 11106: 11103: 11102: 11099: 11098: 11095: 11094: 11092: 11091: 11081: 11079: 11068: 11062: 11061: 11058: 11057: 11055: 11054: 11044: 11042: 11034: 11033: 11031: 11030: 11020: 11018: 11010: 11009: 11007: 11006: 11000:Rice's whale ( 10997: 10988: 10979: 10970: 10961: 10952: 10943: 10939:B. bonaerensis 10934: 10924: 10922: 10911: 10897: 10896: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10889: 10880: 10871: 10861: 10859: 10855:(Right whales) 10843: 10842: 10840: 10839: 10829: 10827: 10816: 10806: 10805: 10789: 10788: 10786: 10785: 10779: 10773: 10771:Laurasiatheria 10767: 10761: 10755: 10749: 10742: 10739: 10738: 10729: 10728: 10721: 10714: 10706: 10700: 10699: 10683: 10671: 10658: 10646: 10641: 10628: 10623: 10610: 10595: 10594:External links 10592: 10591: 10590: 10584: 10568: 10563: 10546: 10517: 10514: 10513: 10512: 10506: 10485: 10446: 10440: 10417: 10411: 10403:Voyageur Press 10384: 10378: 10353: 10312: 10306: 10291: 10285: 10273:Academic Press 10263:"Killer Whale" 10258: 10252: 10233: 10227: 10219:Voyageur Press 10198: 10195: 10192: 10191: 10164: 10134: 10102: 10087: 10055: 10023: 9990: 9978: 9952: 9925:(4): 792–805. 9901: 9871: 9842:(4): 415–418. 9819: 9782: 9741: 9711: 9681: 9653: 9638: 9598: 9567: 9537: 9518: 9487: 9475: 9463: 9451: 9424: 9397: 9362: 9338: 9326: 9305: 9276: 9243: 9204: 9174: 9140: 9109: 9079: 9049: 9013: 8983: 8976: 8958: 8926: 8868: 8849: 8846:(in Japanese). 8828: 8795: 8761: 8736: 8719: 8699: 8678:10.2307/277719 8672:(3): 343–358. 8656: 8636: 8603: 8591: 8574: 8542: 8511: 8477:(3): 305–310. 8454: 8423: 8404: 8402:, p. 100. 8392: 8357: 8315: 8292: 8266: 8254: 8223: 8162: 8131: 8116: 8094: 8068: 8049: 8025: 8008: 7996: 7984: 7945: 7885: 7858: 7827: 7812: 7779: 7764: 7749: 7719: 7698:(3): 632–640. 7675: 7636:(2): 309–324. 7616: 7585:(e139): e139. 7563: 7539: 7507: 7492: 7473: 7458: 7439: 7372: 7341: 7310: 7279: 7236: 7221: 7187:(1): 627–635. 7164: 7122:(3): 261–280. 7095: 7076:(4): 433–445. 7053: 7034:(6): 599–606. 7014: 6995:(2): 395–405. 6979: 6964: 6933: 6874: 6862: 6847: 6835: 6829:978-0774804691 6828: 6806: 6791: 6774: 6748: 6733: 6703: 6672: 6660: 6634: 6622: 6579: 6548: 6536: 6534:, p. 124. 6524: 6505: 6485: 6436: 6401: 6342: 6323: 6308: 6288: 6262:(1): 225–234. 6235: 6188: 6173: 6161: 6144: 6125: 6103: 6070: 6039:(3): 494–507. 6019: 5968: 5935: 5876: 5839:(3): 141–154. 5811: 5804: 5777: 5730: 5695:(2): 139–152. 5675: 5618: 5589:10.1.1.404.130 5559: 5525:(2): 563–568. 5489: 5450: 5404: 5385:(1): 220–227. 5365: 5347:(3): 229–231. 5316: 5274: 5247: 5220: 5208: 5174:(1): 298–311. 5154: 5086: 5034: 4973: 4929:(4): 523–530. 4906: 4863: 4851: 4821: 4802: 4783: 4771: 4750:NOAA Fisheries 4728: 4713: 4701: 4669: 4654: 4635: 4633:, p. 128. 4623: 4611: 4589: 4561: 4549: 4530:(5): 974–981. 4514: 4508:) and Killer ( 4497: 4468: 4456: 4454:, p. 683. 4444: 4442:, p. 681. 4429: 4417: 4405: 4398: 4371: 4345: 4330: 4307: 4284: 4225: 4218: 4198: 4128: 4126:, p. 129. 4116: 4097:(2): 303–306. 4076: 4047:(7): 908–916. 4023: 4001: 3944: 3906: 3849: 3823:(4): 151–180. 3795: 3783: 3728: 3694:(2): 131–139. 3662: 3614: 3577:(3): 479–501. 3556: 3535:(2): 476–480. 3515: 3488:(3): 619–648. 3472: 3460: 3445: 3409: 3395: 3375: 3368: 3350: 3319: 3288: 3269: 3257: 3230: 3200: 3171: 3138: 3081: 3060:Linnaeus 1758" 3047: 3032: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2984: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2958: 2957: 2956: 2936: 2935: 2921: 2907: 2904:Mammals portal 2893: 2877: 2874: 2794:Main article: 2791: 2788: 2779:Whale watching 2775: 2774:Whale watching 2772: 2755: 2752: 2676:Main article: 2673: 2670: 2585:Saturna Island 2583:harpooned off 2545: 2542: 2521: 2518: 2509: 2506: 2493:Main article: 2490: 2487: 2436: 2433: 2391:Siberian Yupik 2357:Nuu-chah-nulth 2316:Animal worship 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2273:whale watchers 2198:whale watchers 2179:Chinook salmon 2098:trophic levels 2084:, large-scale 2070:data deficient 2044: 2041: 1967: 1964: 1947:animal culture 1909:Crozet Islands 1888:Main article: 1885: 1882: 1823: 1822: 1811: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1780: 1775: 1774: 1762: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1720:Crozet Islands 1659: 1656: 1596: 1593: 1508:Crozet Islands 1484:elephant seals 1465:crabeater seal 1462: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1445: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1348:dusky dolphins 1328:marine mammals 1323: 1320: 1304:shortfin makos 1300:basking sharks 1223: 1220: 1204:apex predators 1194: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1176: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1154: 1151: 1143:Horikawa River 1135:Columbia River 1127:Arctic sea ice 1076:Southern Ocean 1072:Gulf of Alaska 1052:Crozet Islands 1046:, Norway, the 1036:enormous range 1014: 1011: 927: 924: 875:O. rectipinnus 828: 825: 802:Lagenorhynchus 799:that includes 762:animal in the 746:Konrad Gessner 712: 703: 702: 701: 692: 685: 684: 683: 670: 663: 662: 661: 660: 659: 657: 654: 604:Ancient Romans 588: 585: 538:data deficient 523:animal culture 502:marine mammals 486:apex predators 433: 432: 431: 430: 425:Orca gladiator 422: 414: 409:Delphinus orca 403: 402: 396: 395: 380: 379: 371: 370: 359: 348: 347: 341: 340: 333: 331: 327: 326: 319: 315: 314: 309: 305: 304: 299: 295: 294: 289: 285: 284: 279: 275: 274: 269: 265: 264: 259: 255: 254: 249: 245: 244: 231: 230: 217: 214: 213: 203:Data Deficient 195: 192: 191: 186: 183: 182: 179: 176: 175: 167: 166: 152: 149: 148: 140: 139: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 68: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13167: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13127: 13125: 13118: 13106: 13101: 13097: 13093: 13088: 13084: 13080: 13075: 13071: 13067: 13062: 13058: 13053: 13047: 13043: 13042: 13040: 13038: 13034: 13026: 13021: 13017: 13013: 13008: 13004: 13000: 12995: 12991: 12987: 12982: 12978: 12974: 12969: 12965: 12961: 12956: 12952: 12948: 12943: 12939: 12935: 12930: 12926: 12922: 12916: 12912: 12907: 12903: 12899: 12894: 12890: 12886: 12881: 12877: 12873: 12868: 12864: 12860: 12855: 12851: 12847: 12842: 12838: 12834: 12829: 12825: 12821: 12816: 12812: 12808: 12803: 12799: 12795: 12790: 12786: 12782: 12777: 12773: 12769: 12764: 12760: 12756: 12751: 12747: 12743: 12738: 12734: 12730: 12724: 12720: 12715: 12711: 12707: 12702: 12698: 12694: 12689: 12685: 12681: 12675: 12671: 12666: 12662: 12658: 12653: 12649: 12644: 12638: 12634: 12629: 12623: 12619: 12618: 12616: 12614: 12610: 12606: 12601: 12577: 12575: 12570: 12569: 12567: 12565: 12564: 12559: 12553: 12551: 12546: 12545: 12543: 12541: 12540: 12535: 12529: 12527: 12522: 12520: 12518: 12517:M. stejnegeri 12513: 12511: 12509: 12508:M. peruvianus 12504: 12502: 12500: 12495: 12493: 12491: 12486: 12484: 12482: 12477: 12475: 12473: 12468: 12466: 12464: 12459: 12457: 12455: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12445:M. ginkgodens 12441: 12439: 12437: 12432: 12430: 12428: 12423: 12421: 12419: 12414: 12412: 12410: 12409:M. carlhubbsi 12405: 12403: 12401: 12396: 12394: 12392: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12374: 12373: 12368: 12362: 12360: 12355: 12354: 12352: 12350: 12349: 12344: 12338: 12336: 12335:H. planifrons 12331: 12329: 12327: 12326:H. ampullatus 12322: 12321: 12319: 12309: 12308: 12303: 12297: 12295: 12290: 12288: 12286: 12281: 12279: 12277: 12272: 12271: 12269: 12267: 12266: 12261: 12258: 12248: 12244: 12234: 12232: 12227: 12226: 12224: 12222: 12221: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12210:Pontoporiidae 12207: 12197: 12195: 12190: 12188: 12186: 12181: 12180: 12178: 12176: 12175: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12164:Platanistidae 12161: 12151: 12149: 12148:L. vexillifer 12144: 12143: 12141: 12139: 12138: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12124: 12114: 12112: 12107: 12105: 12103: 12098: 12096: 12094: 12089: 12088: 12086: 12084: 12083: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12069: 12059: 12057: 12052: 12050: 12048: 12043: 12042: 12040: 12038: 12037: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12023: 12013: 12011: 12008:Sperm whale ( 12006: 12005: 12003: 12001: 12000: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11986: 11976: 11974: 11969: 11968: 11966: 11964: 11963: 11958: 11952: 11950: 11945: 11943: 11941: 11936: 11934: 11932: 11927: 11925: 11923: 11918: 11917: 11915: 11913: 11912: 11907: 11901: 11899: 11894: 11892: 11890: 11885: 11884: 11882: 11872: 11871: 11866: 11863: 11853: 11849: 11839: 11837: 11832: 11831: 11829: 11827: 11826: 11821: 11815: 11813: 11808: 11807: 11805: 11803: 11802: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11788: 11778: 11776: 11771: 11769: 11767: 11762: 11760: 11758: 11753: 11751: 11749: 11744: 11743: 11741: 11731: 11730: 11725: 11719: 11717: 11712: 11711: 11709: 11707: 11706: 11701: 11695: 11693: 11688: 11686: 11684: 11679: 11677: 11675: 11670: 11668: 11666: 11661: 11659: 11657: 11652: 11651: 11649: 11647: 11646: 11641: 11635: 11633: 11628: 11626: 11624: 11623:S. sahulensis 11619: 11617: 11615: 11610: 11608: 11606: 11601: 11600: 11598: 11588: 11587: 11582: 11576: 11574: 11573:S. guianensis 11569: 11567: 11565: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11555: 11554: 11549: 11543: 11541: 11540:P. crassidens 11536: 11535: 11533: 11531: 11530: 11525: 11519: 11517: 11512: 11511: 11509: 11507: 11506: 11505:Peponocephala 11501: 11495: 11493: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11483: 11482: 11477: 11471: 11469: 11464: 11462: 11460: 11455: 11454: 11452: 11450: 11449: 11444: 11438: 11436: 11431: 11429: 11427: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11409: 11408: 11403: 11397: 11395: 11390: 11388: 11386: 11381: 11379: 11377: 11372: 11370: 11368: 11363: 11361: 11359: 11354: 11352: 11350: 11345: 11344: 11342: 11340: 11339: 11334: 11328: 11326: 11321: 11320: 11318: 11316: 11315: 11314:Lagenodelphis 11310: 11304: 11302: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11291: 11286: 11280: 11278: 11273: 11271: 11269: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11251: 11250: 11245: 11239: 11237: 11232: 11231: 11229: 11227: 11226: 11221: 11215: 11213: 11208: 11207: 11205: 11203: 11202: 11197: 11191: 11189: 11184: 11182: 11180: 11179:C. heavisidii 11175: 11173: 11171: 11166: 11164: 11162: 11157: 11156: 11154: 11152: 11151: 11146: 11143: 11133: 11129: 11125: 11121: 11112: 11108: 11090: 11088: 11083: 11082: 11080: 11078: 11077: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11066:Cetotheriidae 11063: 11053: 11051: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11041: 11040: 11035: 11029: 11027: 11022: 11021: 11019: 11017: 11016: 11011: 11005: 11003: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10989: 10987: 10985: 10980: 10978: 10976: 10971: 10969: 10967: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10953: 10951: 10949: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10926: 10925: 10923: 10921: 10920: 10915: 10912: 10902: 10898: 10888: 10886: 10881: 10879: 10877: 10872: 10870: 10868: 10863: 10862: 10860: 10850: 10849: 10844: 10838: 10836: 10835:B. mysticetus 10831: 10830: 10828: 10826: 10825: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10811: 10807: 10803: 10794: 10790: 10784: 10780: 10778: 10774: 10772: 10768: 10766: 10762: 10760: 10756: 10754: 10750: 10748: 10744: 10743: 10740: 10735: 10727: 10722: 10720: 10715: 10713: 10708: 10707: 10704: 10698: 10694: 10690: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10678: 10675: 10672: 10669: 10665: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10653: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10639: 10635: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10621: 10617: 10614: 10611: 10608: 10604: 10601: 10598: 10597: 10587: 10581: 10578: 10574: 10569: 10566: 10560: 10555: 10554: 10547: 10543: 10539: 10535: 10531: 10527: 10526: 10520: 10519: 10509: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10491: 10486: 10471: 10467: 10463: 10456: 10454: 10449:NMFS (2005). 10447: 10443: 10437: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10424: 10418: 10414: 10408: 10404: 10400: 10396: 10392: 10391: 10390:Killer Whales 10385: 10381: 10375: 10371: 10367: 10363: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10340: 10336: 10332: 10328: 10327: 10322: 10320: 10313: 10309: 10303: 10299: 10298: 10297:Killer Whales 10292: 10288: 10286:0-12-551340-2 10282: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10255: 10249: 10245: 10244:BBC Worldwide 10241: 10240: 10239:Killer Whales 10234: 10230: 10224: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10208: 10207: 10201: 10200: 10179: 10175: 10168: 10157:September 27, 10152: 10148: 10144: 10138: 10127:September 11, 10122: 10118: 10117: 10112: 10106: 10098: 10091: 10075: 10071: 10070: 10065: 10059: 10040: 10033: 10027: 10008: 10001: 9994: 9987: 9982: 9966: 9962: 9956: 9948: 9944: 9940: 9936: 9932: 9928: 9924: 9920: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9906: 9889: 9885: 9884:Be Whale Wise 9881: 9875: 9867: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9826: 9824: 9804: 9800: 9793: 9786: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9752: 9745: 9729: 9725: 9721: 9715: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9685: 9669: 9665: 9657: 9651:, p. 34. 9650: 9645: 9643: 9623: 9619: 9612: 9610: 9602: 9586: 9582: 9578: 9571: 9555: 9551: 9547: 9541: 9534: 9530: 9527: 9522: 9506: 9502: 9498: 9491: 9485:, p. 11. 9484: 9479: 9472: 9467: 9460: 9455: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9435: 9428: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9401: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9366: 9359: 9355: 9352: 9348: 9342: 9336:, p. 41. 9335: 9330: 9323: 9319: 9315: 9309: 9293: 9289: 9283: 9281: 9264: 9260: 9259: 9254: 9247: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9218:The Telegraph 9215: 9208: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9178: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9144: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9113: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9053: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9028: 9023: 9017: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8987: 8979: 8973: 8969: 8962: 8946: 8942: 8941: 8936: 8930: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8911: 8908: 8904: 8903: 8902:archive.today 8899: 8896: 8891: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8865: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8854: 8845: 8844: 8843:Asahi Shimbun 8832: 8815: 8811: 8802: 8800: 8783: 8779: 8775: 8768: 8766: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8743: 8741: 8733: 8729: 8723: 8716: 8713:. Leningrad: 8712: 8708: 8703: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8660: 8653: 8649: 8646: 8640: 8624: 8620: 8619: 8614: 8607: 8601:, p. 11. 8600: 8595: 8588: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8559: 8552: 8546: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8515: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8465: 8458: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8427: 8420: 8419:archive.today 8416: 8413: 8408: 8401: 8396: 8380: 8376: 8372: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8330: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8312: 8308: 8305: 8299: 8297: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8273: 8271: 8264:, p. 98. 8263: 8258: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8227: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8166: 8155:September 28, 8150: 8146: 8142: 8135: 8129:, p. 99. 8128: 8123: 8121: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8098: 8082: 8078: 8072: 8065: 8061: 8058: 8053: 8046: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8029: 8022: 8018: 8012: 8006:, p. 35. 8005: 8000: 7994:, p. 33. 7993: 7988: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7968: 7964: 7960: 7957:) survival". 7956: 7949: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7901: 7892: 7890: 7878:September 11, 7873: 7869: 7862: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7831: 7825:, p. 26. 7824: 7819: 7817: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7786: 7784: 7775: 7768: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7750:9780120392285 7746: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7723: 7714: 7709: 7705: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7682: 7680: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7620: 7612: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7579: 7574: 7567: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7549: 7543: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7517: 7511: 7505:, p. 42. 7504: 7499: 7497: 7488: 7484: 7477: 7471:, p. 67. 7470: 7465: 7463: 7455: 7452: 7446: 7444: 7435: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7376: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7345: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7314: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7283: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7240: 7233: 7228: 7226: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7175: 7168: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7110: 7108: 7099: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7060: 7058: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7018: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6983: 6977:, p. 20. 6976: 6971: 6969: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6937: 6929: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6878: 6872:, p. 27. 6871: 6866: 6860:, p. 14. 6859: 6854: 6852: 6845:, p. 13. 6844: 6839: 6831: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6810: 6804:, p. 39. 6803: 6798: 6796: 6789:, p. 12. 6788: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6762: 6758: 6752: 6746:, p. 35. 6745: 6740: 6738: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6707: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6676: 6670:, p. 64. 6669: 6664: 6648: 6644: 6638: 6632:, p. 14. 6631: 6626: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6589:Polar Biology 6583: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6552: 6546:, p. 19. 6545: 6540: 6533: 6528: 6512: 6508: 6502: 6498: 6497: 6489: 6481: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6440: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6405: 6397: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6335: 6332: 6327: 6321:, p. 23. 6320: 6315: 6313: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6292: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6250: 6248: 6239: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6201: 6192: 6185: 6180: 6178: 6171:, p. 29. 6170: 6165: 6159:, p. 45. 6158: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6132: 6128: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6107: 6098: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6074: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6023: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5972: 5963: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5939: 5931: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5880: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5828: 5824: 5815: 5807: 5801: 5797: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5734: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5679: 5671: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5622: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5570: 5563: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5519: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5496: 5494: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5454: 5445: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5429:(1): e02531. 5428: 5424: 5420: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5369: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5333: 5329: 5320: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5281: 5279: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5235: 5231: 5224: 5218:, p. 18. 5217: 5212: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5158: 5151: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5099: 5090: 5083: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5045: 5038: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4986: 4977: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4917: 4910: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4867: 4861:, p. 17. 4860: 4855: 4839: 4835: 4833: 4825: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4806: 4799: 4795: 4792: 4787: 4781:, p. 46. 4780: 4775: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4745: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4725: 4720: 4718: 4710: 4705: 4686: 4679: 4673: 4667:, p. 10. 4666: 4661: 4659: 4650: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4627: 4621:, p. 21. 4620: 4615: 4596: 4592: 4586: 4582: 4575: 4568: 4566: 4558: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4490:September 14, 4485: 4481: 4475: 4473: 4465: 4460: 4453: 4448: 4441: 4436: 4434: 4426: 4421: 4415:, p. 45. 4414: 4409: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4359: 4355: 4354:"Wild Whales" 4349: 4343:, p. 20. 4342: 4337: 4335: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4288: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4229: 4221: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4202: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4154: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4125: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4091:Polar Biology 4088: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4036: 4027: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4005: 3997: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3948: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3816:Mammal Review 3809: 3802: 3800: 3792: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3732: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3680: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3619: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3470:, p. 19. 3469: 3464: 3457: 3452: 3450: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3413: 3398: 3396:0-486-25651-0 3392: 3388: 3387: 3379: 3371: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3273: 3267:, p. 69. 3266: 3261: 3245: 3241: 3234: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3189: 3185: 3183: 3175: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3143: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3051: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3019: 3018:Wilson, D. E. 3015: 3008: 3004: 2988: 2979: 2975: 2964: 2961: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2932:Oceans portal 2927: 2922: 2919: 2908: 2905: 2899: 2894: 2891: 2880: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2849:circus tricks 2845: 2844:Minnesota Zoo 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2796:Captive orcas 2787: 2783: 2780: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736:Akashi Strait 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2627: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2569: 2568:Ingrid Visser 2551: 2541: 2539: 2538:depth charges 2535: 2531: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2496: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2472: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2415:Kuril Islands 2412: 2408: 2403: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2349:Kwakwaka'wakw 2345: 2341: 2337: 2330: 2327:sculpture by 2326: 2322: 2317: 2302: 2300: 2295: 2292: 2289:and Alaska's 2288: 2284: 2282: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2194:Friday Harbor 2191: 2187: 2182: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110:harbour seals 2107: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2056:In 2008, the 2049: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1977: 1976:South Georgia 1972: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1950: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1924: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1891: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1874:McMurdo Sound 1871: 1866: 1862: 1860: 1855: 1852: 1851:marine mammal 1848: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1831: 1819: 1817: 1796: 1778: 1760: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1729:Vocalizations 1726: 1723: 1721: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1690: 1685: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1606: 1601: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573:king penguins 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1521:Weddell seals 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480:harbour seals 1477: 1466: 1459: 1449: 1442: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360:beluga whales 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1191: 1180: 1173: 1159: 1150: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1131:Hudson Strait 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1107: 1103: 1101: 1100:Faroe Islands 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1010: 1006: 1004: 999: 994: 992: 988: 984: 981:also exhibit 980: 976: 975:pectoral fins 967: 963: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 940: 932: 923: 920: 916: 915: 910: 909: 908:Orcinus nanus 904: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 880: 876: 872: 867: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 834: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 809: 804: 803: 798: 794: 790: 789: 784: 780: 776: 772: 767: 765: 761: 757: 756: 751: 747: 743: 742: 736: 735:Carl Linnaeus 732: 731: 726: 722: 708: 696: 689: 679: 675: 674: 667: 653: 651: 647: 646: 639: 637: 634: 630: 626: 617: 616:Ancient Greek 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 592: 584: 582: 577: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 526: 524: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 467: 462: 458: 454: 453:toothed whale 450: 446: 445: 440: 426: 423: 418: 415: 410: 407: 406: 404: 401: 397: 393: 390: 381: 377: 372: 367: 363: 357: 355: 349: 346: 345:Binomial name 342: 338: 337: 332: 329: 328: 325: 324: 320: 317: 316: 313: 310: 307: 306: 303: 300: 297: 296: 293: 290: 287: 286: 283: 280: 277: 276: 273: 270: 267: 266: 263: 260: 257: 256: 253: 250: 247: 246: 241: 236: 232: 226: 220: 215: 209: 204: 193: 189: 184: 177: 173: 168: 164: 160: 156: 155:Unimak Island 150: 146: 141: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 72: 62: 59: 55: 51: 49: 43:Killer Whale 41:episode, see 40: 33: 19: 13117: 13036: 12911:killer-whale 12719:orcinus-orca 12670:Orcinus_orca 12657:Orcinus_orca 12643:Orcinus orca 12613:Orcinus orca 12612: 12573: 12561: 12550:T. shepherdi 12549: 12537: 12526:M. traversii 12525: 12516: 12507: 12498: 12489: 12480: 12471: 12462: 12453: 12444: 12436:M. europaeus 12435: 12426: 12417: 12408: 12399: 12390: 12370: 12359:I. pacificus 12358: 12346: 12334: 12325: 12305: 12293: 12284: 12275: 12263: 12230: 12218: 12193: 12185:P. gangetica 12184: 12172: 12147: 12135: 12110: 12101: 12092: 12080: 12055: 12047:K. breviceps 12046: 12034: 12009: 11997: 11989:Physeteridae 11972: 11962:Phocoenoides 11960: 11948: 11939: 11930: 11922:P. dioptrica 11921: 11909: 11897: 11888: 11868: 11836:M. monoceros 11835: 11823: 11811: 11799: 11791:Monodontidae 11775:T. truncatus 11774: 11766:T. erebennus 11765: 11757:T. australis 11756: 11747: 11727: 11715: 11703: 11691: 11683:S. frontalis 11682: 11673: 11664: 11656:S. attenuata 11655: 11643: 11631: 11622: 11613: 11605:S. chinensis 11604: 11584: 11572: 11563: 11551: 11539: 11527: 11515: 11503: 11491: 11489: 11479: 11468:O. heinsohni 11467: 11458: 11446: 11434: 11425: 11407:Lissodelphis 11405: 11393: 11384: 11375: 11367:L. australis 11366: 11357: 11348: 11336: 11324: 11312: 11300: 11288: 11276: 11267: 11249:Globicephala 11247: 11236:F. attenuata 11235: 11223: 11211: 11199: 11187: 11178: 11169: 11160: 11148: 11087:C. marginata 11086: 11074: 11049: 11037: 11025: 11024:Gray whale ( 11015:Eschrichtius 11013: 11001: 10992: 10983: 10974: 10973:Blue whale ( 10965: 10956: 10947: 10938: 10929: 10919:Balaenoptera 10917: 10884: 10876:E. glacialis 10875: 10867:E. australis 10866: 10846: 10834: 10822: 10783:Whippomorpha 10777:Artiodactyla 10572: 10552: 10523: 10489: 10477:. 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Retrieved 7119: 7116:Bioacoustics 7115: 7107:Orcinus orca 7106: 7098: 7073: 7069: 7066:Orcinus orca 7065: 7031: 7027: 7024:Orcinus orca 7023: 7017: 6992: 6988: 6982: 6955:. Retrieved 6946: 6936: 6909:10871/125706 6891: 6887: 6877: 6865: 6838: 6819: 6818:Orcinus orca 6815: 6809: 6767:February 16, 6765:. Retrieved 6761:the original 6751: 6724:. Retrieved 6715: 6706: 6696:November 24, 6694:. Retrieved 6675: 6663: 6653:February 18, 6651:. Retrieved 6637: 6625: 6592: 6588: 6582: 6570:. Retrieved 6551: 6539: 6527: 6515:. Retrieved 6495: 6488: 6453: 6449: 6439: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6359: 6355: 6345: 6326: 6291: 6280:the original 6259: 6255: 6247:Orcinus orca 6246: 6238: 6226:. Retrieved 6212:(1): 16–36. 6209: 6205: 6200:Orcinus orca 6199: 6191: 6164: 6137:December 30, 6135:. Retrieved 6116: 6106: 6087: 6083: 6073: 6063:February 25, 6061:. Retrieved 6036: 6032: 6022: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5978:Orcinus orca 5977: 5971: 5952: 5948: 5938: 5893: 5889: 5879: 5836: 5832: 5827:Orcinus orca 5826: 5822: 5814: 5795: 5747: 5743: 5733: 5692: 5688: 5678: 5635: 5631: 5621: 5609:. Retrieved 5602:the original 5582:(1): 53–68. 5579: 5575: 5562: 5550:. Retrieved 5543:the original 5522: 5516: 5508:Orcinus orca 5507: 5503: 5482:February 18, 5480:. Retrieved 5476:the original 5471: 5466:Orcinus orca 5465: 5461: 5453: 5426: 5422: 5382: 5378: 5375:Orcinus orca 5374: 5368: 5356:. Retrieved 5344: 5340: 5331: 5328:Orcinus orca 5327: 5319: 5305:(1): 83–88. 5302: 5298: 5295:Orcinus orca 5294: 5290: 5286: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5238:. Retrieved 5223: 5211: 5203: 5171: 5167: 5157: 5149: 5142:. Retrieved 5107: 5103: 5098:Orcinus orca 5097: 5089: 5081: 5074:. Retrieved 5054: 5050: 5037: 5026:the original 4997: 4993: 4985:Orcinus orca 4984: 4976: 4964:. Retrieved 4926: 4922: 4909: 4876: 4872: 4866: 4854: 4842:. 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Retrieved 3068:the original 3063: 3058:Orcinus orca 3057: 3050: 3022: 3007: 2987: 2978: 2949: 2871: 2865: 2825: 2817:intelligence 2814: 2784: 2777: 2757: 2697: 2650:Arctic Ocean 2631: 2628: 2624: 2616:Michael Bigg 2609: 2592: 2573: 2523: 2511: 2498: 2478:photographer 2475: 2465: 2456: 2422: 2404: 2388: 2380:Newfoundland 2373: 2333: 2296: 2291:Kenai Fjords 2281:Exxon Valdez 2280: 2277: 2265:salmon farms 2251: 2211: 2183: 2166:Haro Straits 2151: 2136: 2129: 2095: 2055: 2043:Conservation 2027: 2012: 1996: 1980: 1959:Orcinus orca 1958: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1929: 1896:sperm whales 1893: 1884:Intelligence 1867: 1863: 1856: 1840: 1833: 1813: 1737: 1724: 1716: 1712: 1704: 1680: 1661: 1641: 1610: 1554: 1529: 1473: 1467:off the floe 1423: 1414:minke whales 1402:sperm whales 1399: 1368:pilot whales 1325: 1312:whale sharks 1265: 1225: 1201: 1156: 1149:California. 1147: 1139:Fraser River 1112: 1033: 1007: 998:echolocation 995: 972: 941: 937: 912: 906: 900: 891: 887: 883: 874: 870: 868: 862: 836: 820: 806: 800: 793:sister taxon 786: 783:pilot whales 768: 753: 749: 740: 728: 721:Orcinus orca 720: 719: 671: 643: 640: 624: 611: 607: 595: 593: 590: 578: 554:habitat loss 527: 483: 464: 449:killer whale 448: 444:Orcinus orca 443: 442: 438: 436: 424: 416: 408: 389:Orcinus orca 388: 354:Orcinus orca 353: 351: 336:O. orca 335: 334: 322: 298:Infraorder: 292:Artiodactyla 66:Killer whale 58: 48:The Avengers 47: 39:The Avengers 38: 12981:SeaLifeBase 12867:NatureServe 12789:iNaturalist 12637:Wikispecies 12481:M. layardii 12400:M. bowdoini 12348:Indopacetus 11931:P. phocoena 11870:Neophocoena 11858:(Porpoises) 11852:Phocoenidae 11426:L. borealis 11394:L. obscurus 11376:L. cruciger 11170:C. eutropia 11132:Delphinidae 11117:Odontoceti 11026:E. robustus 10993:B. physalus 10991:Fin whale ( 10975:B. musculus 10948:B. borealis 10946:Sei whale ( 10885:E. japonica 10769:Superorder 10763:Infraclass 10333:: 185–199. 10275:. pp. 10197:Works cited 10064:"Blackfish" 10048:January 26, 9894:October 31, 9764:: 119–139. 9724:Shimonoseki 9694:Shimonoseki 9631:January 14, 9560:November 6, 8951:October 13, 8302:Le Phuong. 8201:10023/16189 7735:: 305–341. 6517:February 2, 5638:(1): 6153. 5611:January 18, 5144:December 6, 4966:October 23, 4944:10125/22585 4694:January 26, 3645:, in Canada 3438:January 14, 3402:January 28, 3223:February 8, 3164:January 14, 3064:Fossilworks 2815:The orca's 2662:Puget Sound 2534:Puget Sound 2441:Orca attack 2429:brown bears 2424:Repun Kamuy 2407:Ainu people 2261:Haro Strait 2186:Ken Balcomb 2170:Puget Sound 2143:Puget Sound 2126:polar bears 2052:protection. 2029:Infanticide 1991:Granny (J2) 1983:polyestrous 1917:Snæfellsnes 1913:pilot whale 1900:gray matter 1830:Whale sound 1549:cannibalism 1418:blue whales 1406:grey whales 1296:blue sharks 1256:pink salmon 1248:Chum salmon 1216:sea turtles 1210:, mammals, 1208:cephalopods 1179:Vestfjorden 1074:and in the 979:Dorsal fins 636:Delphinidae 518:matrilineal 312:Delphinidae 221:Appendix II 13124:Categories 12539:Tasmacetus 12499:M. perrini 12472:M. hotaula 12463:M. hectori 12372:Mesoplodon 12307:Hyperoodon 12294:B. minimus 12285:B. bairdii 12276:B. arnuxii 12220:Pontoporia 12174:Platanista 11748:T. aduncus 11665:S. clymene 11632:S. teuszii 11614:S. plumbea 11516:P. electra 11435:L. peronii 11301:G. griseus 11212:D. delphis 11188:C. hectori 11115:Parvorder 10907:(Rorquals) 10814:Balaenidae 10799:Mysticeti 10797:Parvorder 10479:January 2, 10395:Stillwater 10242:. London: 10211:Stillwater 9734:January 9, 9618:自然環境保全基礎調査 9471:Baird 2002 9298:January 3, 9042:January 3, 7851:January 3, 6630:Baird 2002 6532:Baird 2002 6319:Baird 2002 6184:Baird 2002 5833:Acta Ethol 5750:(1): 1–5. 5133:2263/49986 5110:: 90–102. 5076:August 23, 4764:August 15, 4665:Baird 2002 4631:Baird 2002 4124:Baird 2002 3761:2263/21531 3721:January 9, 3626:Baird 2002 3343:October 9, 3312:October 7, 3213:Whales.org 2999:References 2836:dorsal fin 2740:Harimanada 2633:Free Willy 2548:See also: 2473:, above). 2451:Greifswald 2400:sacrifices 2378:people of 2314:See also: 2245:, and the 2223:Ecojustice 2184:Scientist 2114:Washington 2086:oil spills 1999:inbreeding 1966:Life cycle 1878:Antarctica 1828:See also: 1816:media help 1759:Orca calls 1684:matrilines 1635:and other 1629:Spyhopping 1581:cormorants 1543:, such as 1276:eagle rays 1202:Orcas are 1153:Population 1145:in Japan. 1121:much like 1088:Washington 1080:Antarctica 1056:California 1029:Hood Canal 960:melanistic 892:O. o. orca 843:subspecies 550:endangered 546:threatened 508:and other 484:Orcas are 157:, eastern 13052:Q67206427 12391:M. bidens 12265:Berardius 12247:Ziphiidae 12127:Lipotidae 11938:Vaquita ( 11834:Narwhal ( 11812:D. leucas 11529:Pseudorca 11358:L. acutus 11201:Delphinus 11039:Megaptera 10984:B. omurai 10957:B. brydei 10848:Eubalaena 10781:Suborder 10600:Orca-Live 10542:643483454 10534:0027-9358 9986:NMFS 2005 9971:March 14, 9511:March 19, 9438:Zoologica 9411:Zoologica 9334:NMFS 2005 9226:0307-1235 9162:0261-3077 9006:March 23, 8820:April 29, 8788:August 7, 8694:163391715 8385:March 19, 8350:March 19, 8087:March 22, 8004:NMFS 2005 7992:NMFS 2005 7416:1932-6203 7293:New Atlas 7232:NMFS 2005 6975:NMFS 2005 6858:NMFS 2005 6843:NMFS 2005 6802:NMFS 2005 6787:NMFS 2005 6572:August 7, 6014:246167673 5896:(12): 6. 5871:249487897 5772:1814-232X 5725:250118179 5717:1814-232X 5584:CiteSeerX 5552:April 28, 5423:Ecosphere 5216:NMFS 2005 4859:NMFS 2005 4779:NMFS 2005 4709:NMFS 2005 4512:) Whales" 4364:March 23, 4325:0028-0402 4302:0028-0402 4261:2076-2615 4245:(8): 49. 4186:253914153 3937:March 22, 3591:1063-5157 3510:0824-0469 3154:cites.org 2970:Footnotes 2953:melvillei 2866:Blackfish 2807:, at the 2790:Captivity 2748:Tokyo Bay 2728:Greenland 2724:Indonesia 2716:Antarctic 2692:whaleboat 2654:pneumonia 2593:Zoologica 2577:Moby Doll 2502:Gibraltar 2353:sea lions 2340:their art 2329:Bill Reid 2283:oil spill 2203:CAT scans 2082:pollution 2003:Gestation 1955:sympatric 1936:longlines 1932:anecdotes 1836:cetaceans 1834:Like all 1664:elephants 1633:porpoises 1621:parasites 1595:Behaviour 1536:sea otter 1525:"spy-hop" 1332:porpoises 1314:and even 1280:long-tail 1232:Greenland 1228:Norwegian 1064:Norwegian 922:species. 903:Antarctic 695:Naturalis 330:Species: 258:Kingdom: 252:Eukaryota 73:to recent 13046:Wikidata 12994:Species+ 12872:2.105428 12859:14300074 12807:10193882 12742:46559273 12677:BioLib: 12622:Wikidata 12563:Ziphius 12490:M. mirus 12454:M. grayi 12194:P. minor 12056:K. simus 12026:Kogiidae 11999:Physeter 11973:P. dalli 11940:P. sinus 11911:Phocoena 11729:Tursiops 11645:Stenella 11562:Tucuxi ( 11448:Orcaella 11325:L. hosei 11277:G. melas 11002:B. ricei 10966:B. edeni 10765:Eutheria 10759:Mammalia 10753:Chordata 10747:Animalia 10745:Kingdom 10689:Archived 10677:Archived 10664:Archived 10652:Archived 10634:Archived 10616:Archived 10603:Archived 10464:, U.S.: 10178:Archived 10121:Archived 10074:Archived 10007:Archived 9965:Archived 9947:21276987 9888:Archived 9866:17148221 9766:Archived 9728:Archived 9726:. 2014. 9698:Archived 9696:. 2014. 9668:Archived 9622:Archived 9591:April 8, 9585:Archived 9554:Archived 9529:Archived 9505:Archived 9448:: 59–70. 9421:: 71–76. 9354:Archived 9318:Archived 9292:Archived 9263:Archived 9230:Archived 9191:Archived 9127:Archived 9123:Newsweek 9096:Archived 9066:Archived 9062:NBC News 9036:Archived 9000:Archived 8910:Archived 8898:Archived 8886:Archived 8814:Archived 8648:Archived 8623:Archived 8529:Archived 8495:Archived 8491:55958971 8447:June 25, 8441:Archived 8415:Archived 8379:Archived 8375:CBC News 8307:Archived 8241:Archived 8218:52876312 8210:30262502 8149:Archived 8111:Archived 8107:BBC News 8081:Archived 8060:Archived 8041:Archived 7936:26937049 7872:Archived 7845:Archived 7668:March 7, 7662:Archived 7658:24052064 7650:11530544 7611:17503965 7551:Archived 7454:CBS News 7434:31841529 7386:PLOS ONE 7359:Archived 7334:March 7, 7297:Archived 7274:29828311 7209:16454316 7148:Archived 7144:56304541 7090:22866769 7028:Ethology 7009:16899659 6957:June 18, 6951:Archived 6928:34130498 6894:(1953). 6720:Archived 6690:Archived 6647:Archived 6617:44055219 6566:Archived 6562:CBC News 6511:Archived 6480:19451116 6396:14526101 6334:Archived 6300:Archived 6228:July 27, 6222:Archived 6131:Archived 6090:: 7–58. 6057:Archived 5930:30540762 5890:PLOS ONE 5863:35694552 5670:30992478 5349:Archived 5240:July 25, 5234:Archived 5200:91256980 5138:Archived 5067:Archived 5022:84721171 4957:Archived 4953:16788148 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eueu 12146:Baiji ( 12137:Lipotes 12072:Iniidae 11825:Monodon 11553:Sotalia 11492:O. orca 11481:Orcinus 11290:Grampus 11076:Caperea 10824:Balaena 10751:Phylum 10736:species 10734:Cetacea 10732:Extant 10462:Seattle 10335:Bibcode 10277:669–675 9927:Bibcode 9857:1626385 9407:Orcinus 9392:3936619 9269:May 16, 9236:July 4, 9197:July 4, 9167:July 4, 9133:July 5, 9102:July 5, 9072:July 4, 8247:July 9, 8180:Bibcode 8172:Science 7967:Bibcode 7927:4668992 7835:TEGNA. 7805:May 31, 7795:Animals 7759:6395674 7700:Bibcode 7602:1868071 7425:6914331 7394:Bibcode 7355:Reuters 7189:Bibcode 7124:Bibcode 7036:Bibcode 6947:Science 6919:8206696 6726:June 2, 6716:YouTube 6686:The OCR 6597:Bibcode 6471:2685424 6419:Bibcode 6364:Bibcode 6264:Bibcode 6041:Bibcode 5994:Bibcode 5898:Bibcode 5854:9170559 5752:Bibcode 5697:Bibcode 5661:6467992 5640:Bibcode 5527:Bibcode 5431:Bibcode 5387:Bibcode 5112:Bibcode 5002:Bibcode 4881:Bibcode 4873:Science 4544:6025756 4270:4997274 4239:Animals 4178:3504225 4062:2892092 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