79:
3191:
2715:
2725:
2735:
29:
1215:
374:
Firewall, TLS 1.3 Support, Integration with Azure Active
Directory OAuth2, True Cache for mid-tier caching, Readable Per-PDB Standby, Globally Distributed Database with active-active RAFT-based replication, Real-time SQL Plan Management, Priority Transactions, SQL Syntax Simplification, Schema Annotations, Data Use Case Domains, Column Value Lock-free Reservations
1065:
Starting with Oracle
Database 18c, Oracle Corporation releases Release Updates (RUs) and Release Update Revisions (RURs). RUs usually contain security, regression (bug), optimizer, and functional fixes which may include feature extensions as well. RURs include all fixes from their corresponding RU
373:
AI Vector Search (includes new Vector data type, Vector indexes, and Vector SQL operators/functions), JSON Relational
Duality, JSON Schema Validation, Transactional Microservices Support, OKafka, Operational Property Graphs, Support for SQL/PGQ, Schema Privileges, Developer Role, In-database SQL
264:
Oracle products follow a custom release-numbering and -naming convention. The "ai" in the current release, Oracle
Database 23ai, stands for "Artificial Intelligence". Previous releases (e.g. Oracle Database 19c, 10g, and Oracle9i Database) have used suffixes of "c", "g", and "i" which stand for
1061:
Prior to Oracle
Database 18c, Oracle Corporation released Critical Patch Updates (CPUs) and Security Patch Updates (SPUs) and Security Alerts to close security vulnerabilities. These releases are issued quarterly; some of these releases have updates issued prior to the next quarterly release.
396:
Blockchain Tables, Multilingual Engine - JavaScript
Execution in the Database, Binary JSON Data Type, Per-PDB Data Guard Physical Standby (aka Multitenant Data Guard), Per-PDB GoldenGate Change Capture, Self-Managing In-Memory, In-Memory Hybrid Columnar Scan, In-Memory Vector Joins with SIMD,
421:
Active Data Guard DML Redirection, Automatic Index
Creation, Real-Time Statistics Maintenance, SQL Queries on Object Stores, In-Memory for IoT Data Streams, Hybrid Partitioned Tables, Automatic SQL Plan Management, SQL Quarantine, Zero-Downtime Grid Infrastructure Patching, Finer-Granularity
364:
On May 2, 2024, Oracle
Database 23ai was released on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) as cloud services, including OCI Exadata Database Service, OCI Exadata Database Cloud@Customer, and OCI Base Database Service. It is also available in Always Free Autonomous Database. Oracle Database 23c
1765:
2175:
447:
Polymorphic Table
Functions, Active Directory Integration, Transparent Application Continuity, Approximate Top-N Query Processing, PDB Snapshot Carousel, Online Merging of Partitions and Subpartitions
365:(previously released in 2023) was renamed to Oracle Database 23ai (23.4) due to the significant additional engineering effort to add features that bring AI capabilities to the data in Oracle Database.
265:"Cloud", "Grid", and "Internet" respectively. Prior to the release of Oracle8i Database, no suffixes featured in Oracle Database naming conventions. There was no v1 of Oracle Database, as co-founder
1343:
1456:
1773:
1041:
1118:
platforms. However, since they share many of the same customers, Oracle and IBM tend to support each other's products in many middleware and application categories (for example:
1233:
367:
Oracle
Database 23c (23.2 and 23.3) was released in 2023: April 2023 (Linux) Oracle Database Free - Developer Release September 2023 Oracle Database on Base Database Service
3245:
1605:
2033:
2163:
You should not get confused between Critical Patch Update (CPU) and Security Patch Update (SPU) as CPU terminology has been changed to SPU from October 2012.
2799:
2325:
1580:
1228:
1738:
1114:. Oracle and IBM tend to battle for the mid-range database market on Unix and Linux platforms, while Microsoft dominates the mid-range database market on
1716:
1336:
3225:
1446:
2844:
397:
Sharding Advisor Tool, Property Graph Visualization Studio, Automatic Materialized Views, Automatic Zone Maps, SQL Macros, Gradual Password Rollover
244:, started a consultancy called Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in 1977. SDL developed the original version of the Oracle software. The name
3235:
2308:
3230:
2794:
2320:
1243:
599:
Real Application Testing, Database Vault, Online Indexing, Advanced Compression, Data Guard Fast-Start Failover, Transparent Data Encryption
1078:
report claimed to show Oracle holding #1 RDBMS market share worldwide based on the revenue share ahead of its four closest competitors –
269:"knew no one would want to buy version 1". For some database releases, Oracle also provides an Express Edition (XE) that is free to use.
1423:
2912:
1389:
Roeser, Mary Beth; Adams, Drew; Ashdown, Lance; Baby, Thomas; Baer, Hermann; Baskan, Yasin; Bayliss, Nigel; Chen, Shuo; Belden, Eric.
1390:
2084:
1855:
1555:
1277:
1795:
1825:
2150:
3215:
2718:
603:
577:
545:
516:
482:
451:
625:
Automated Database Management, Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor, Grid infrastructure, Oracle ASM, Flashback Database
2391:
2280:
1156:
In the cloud, Oracle Database competes against the database services of AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.
629:
1682:
538:
Edition-Based Redefinition, Data Redaction, Hybrid Columnar Compression, Cluster File System, Golden Gate Replication,
1292:
2144:
2117:
1133:), and IBM's hardware divisions work closely with Oracle on performance-optimizing server-technologies (for example,
1656:
2771:
2025:
1130:
120:
1049:
2738:
2444:
1258:
3255:
3134:
2858:
2695:
2342:
1708:
1044:
includes a brief history on some of the key innovations introduced with each major release of Oracle Database.
691:
662:
3250:
2634:
1505:
202:(DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW) database workloads. Oracle Database is available by several service providers
195:
1066:
but only add new security and regression fixes. However, no new optimizer or functional fixes are included.
3176:
1630:
1248:
2629:
1368:
1318:
210:, or as a hybrid cloud installation. It may be run on third party servers as well as on Oracle hardware (
3194:
2984:
2660:
2379:
1796:"Oracle Announces General Availability of Oracle Database 12c, the First Database Designed for the Cloud"
249:
70:
3022:
2583:
2573:
2349:
1238:
184:
3240:
3160:
2819:
2670:
2403:
1199:, owner of MySQL, in 2010. Database products licensed as open-source are, by the legal terms of the
1106:
In the market for relational databases, Oracle Database competes against commercial products such as
817:
PL/SQL stored procedures, Triggers, Distributed 2-phase commit, Shared Cursors, Cost-Based Optimizer
539:
3220:
3048:
2252:
2055:
714:
109:
78:
3032:
2619:
2273:
884:
651:
3063:
2700:
2655:
2332:
1200:
1886:
1478:
2897:
2675:
2429:
2107:
1997:
1415:
478:
Native Sharding, Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance, Exadata Cloud Service, Cloud at Customer
426:
401:
378:
1969:
1941:
1914:
1739:"Oracle Database 18c : Now available on the Oracle Cloud and Oracle Engineered Systems"
3027:
2764:
2728:
2665:
2547:
2517:
2386:
2337:
1253:
1160:
1111:
985:
888:
505:
203:
181:
137:
125:
1606:"Oracle Announces General Availability of JSON Relational Duality in Oracle Database 23ai"
855:
Row-level locking, scalability / performance, online backup and recovery, B*Tree indexes,
720:
8:
2685:
2578:
2563:
2490:
2315:
969:
938:
2176:"Patch Delivery Methods for Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2.0.1) and Later Versions"
2877:
2780:
2680:
2624:
2593:
2542:
2434:
2374:
2266:
2076:
1483:
1296:
655:
188:
41:
3073:
2829:
2500:
2354:
2140:
2113:
1863:
1115:
977:
567:
105:
1270:
821:
779:
760:
740:
3128:
3068:
3058:
3053:
2867:
2824:
2690:
2537:
2527:
2495:
1803:
1581:"Oracle Announces General Availability of AI Vector Search in Oracle Database 23ai"
1451:
1220:
1196:
953:
923:
899:
867:
839:
352:
132:
1833:
1098:
Magic Quadrant report named Oracle a leader in Cloud Database Management Systems.
3155:
2757:
2598:
2568:
2522:
2303:
2134:
802:
207:
3150:
3124:
3099:
2882:
2804:
2650:
2588:
2532:
2505:
2398:
2359:
2225:
1134:
1127:
571:
211:
199:
2258:
3209:
2814:
2469:
2454:
860:
266:
233:
3094:
3012:
2902:
2061:
1195:, in part to compete better against open source alternatives, and acquired
215:
2953:
2887:
2459:
2439:
2002:
1856:"Oracle Announces General Availability of Oracle® Database 10g Release 2"
942:
945:. Re-written in C for portability to other operating systems, including
3007:
2963:
2892:
2872:
2809:
2603:
2512:
2474:
2449:
1530:
1164:
1123:
1053:
for the current Oracle Database releases and their patching end dates.
795:
684:
36:
2199:
3078:
2839:
2834:
2749:
1974:
1946:
1891:
1172:
1119:
1079:
859:
executed from compiled programs (C etc). First version available for
237:
3115:
3017:
2958:
2917:
2907:
2464:
2419:
2289:
1184:
1180:
1150:
1138:
1091:
736:
Recovery Manager, Partitioning. First version available for Linux.
241:
148:
1203:, free to distribute and free of royalty or other licensing fees.
2968:
1168:
1107:
1095:
1075:
775:
Shared Server, XA Transactions, Transparent Application Failover
252:-funded project Ellison had worked on while formerly employed by
2197:
Heudecker, Nick; Feinberg, Donald; Adrian, Merv (25 July 2017).
1970:"DOS Version of Professional Oracle 5.1B Adds SQL Report Writer"
272:
Oracle Database release numbering has used the following codes:
2989:
2948:
2922:
2369:
1188:
1146:
1142:
1141:(in data warehousing and business intelligence), Software AG's
1087:
1050:
Release Schedule of Current Database Releases (Doc ID 742060.1)
981:
916:
856:
28:
3120:
2943:
2364:
1192:
1176:
253:
113:
2424:
1234:
Comparison of object–relational database management systems
1159:
Increasingly, the Oracle database products compete against
946:
915:
Multiversion read consistency. First version available for
892:
509:
2999:
1024:
305:
1278:"Oracle Database 23c: The Next Long Term Support Release"
1083:
1012:
1007:
989:
293:
288:
222:
1447:"Larry Ellison Is A Billionaire Today Thanks to the CIA"
1337:"Multimodel Database with Oracle Database 12c Release 2"
2196:
2136:
Oracle Data Guard 11gR2 Administration Beginner's Guide
1506:"Announcing Oracle Database 23ai: General Availability"
1163:
relational and non-relational database systems such as
2226:"Magic Quadrant for Cloud Database Management Systems"
2074:
1683:"Oracle Database 19c Now Available on Oracle Exadata"
1229:
Comparison of relational database management systems
1210:
1056:
794:
Parallel SQL Execution. First version available for
1766:"Oracle Database 18c Now Available For On-Premises"
2198:
1556:"Oracle Database 23c on OCI Base Database Service"
1388:
3246:Relational database management software for Linux
1826:"Oracle® Database 11g Release 2 is Now Available"
3207:
2288:
512:, SQL Pattern Matching, Database Cloud Service
422:Supplemental Logging, Automated PDB Relocation
2068:
2026:"Back to the future (Oracle 4.1 VM appliance)"
1998:"PC Relational Database? New Answer is Oracle"
1531:"Oracle Database 23c Free - Developer Release"
1244:List of relational database management systems
2765:
2274:
1017:
298:
2200:"State of the Operational DBMS Market, 2017"
1709:"Oracle Database 19c Now Available on Linux"
1657:"Oracle Database 21c Now Available On Linux"
1939:
236:and his two friends and former co-workers,
194:It is a database commonly used for running
2772:
2758:
2281:
2267:
2105:
1444:
77:
27:
3226:Client-server database management systems
2132:
1290:
1137:). Niche commercial competitors include
1029:
310:
259:
3236:Proprietary database management systems
2253:Overview provided by Oracle Corporation
2023:
1995:
1293:"The Programming Languages Beacon, v16"
3231:Relational database management systems
3208:
2779:
2087:from the original on 30 September 2019
1915:"Oracle users ponder product overload"
1706:
1654:
972:. Basic SQL queries, simple joins and
685:Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC)
16:Proprietary database management system
2753:
2262:
2153:from the original on 23 November 2016
1884:
1763:
1680:
1655:Hardie, William (23 September 2021).
225:for database updating and retrieval.
2057:Data Processing Digest Volumes 29-30
1967:
1912:
1459:from the original on 16 January 2017
713:Native internet protocols and Java,
504:Multitenant architecture, In-Memory
2734:
1996:Webster, Robin (13 November 1984).
1681:Giles, Dominic (13 February 2019).
1479:"Free Oracle Database for Everyone"
1426:from the original on 25 August 2016
992:/VMS in PDP-11 compatibility mode.
13:
2081:Virtual Exhibitions in Informatics
1940:O'Brien, Timothy (29 April 1991).
1832:. 1 September 2009. Archived from
1349:from the original on 14 April 2017
1069:
955:Old version, no longer maintained:
925:Old version, no longer maintained:
901:Old version, no longer maintained:
869:Old version, no longer maintained:
841:Old version, no longer maintained:
823:Old version, no longer maintained:
804:Old version, no longer maintained:
781:Old version, no longer maintained:
762:Old version, no longer maintained:
742:Old version, no longer maintained:
722:Old version, no longer maintained:
693:Old version, no longer maintained:
664:Old version, no longer maintained:
631:Old version, no longer maintained:
605:Old version, no longer maintained:
579:Old version, no longer maintained:
547:Old version, no longer maintained:
518:Old version, no longer maintained:
484:Old version, no longer maintained:
453:Old version, no longer maintained:
428:Old version, no longer maintained:
403:Old version, yet still maintained:
380:Old version, yet still maintained:
14:
3267:
2246:
1719:from the original on 5 April 2024
1707:Hardie, William (25 April 2019).
1057:Patch updates and security alerts
1047:See My Oracle Support (MOS) note
968:First commercially available SQL
3190:
3189:
2733:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2036:from the original on 1 July 2019
1942:"Oracle8 on Linux shows promise"
1887:"Oracle8 on Linux shows promise"
1885:Biggs, Maggie (5 October 1998).
1445:Julie Bort (29 September 2014).
1291:Lextrait, Vincent (March 2016).
1213:
2724:
2218:
2190:
2168:
2126:
2099:
2048:
2024:Gralike, Marco (4 April 2006).
2017:
1989:
1968:Mace, Scott (30 January 1989).
1961:
1933:
1906:
1878:
1848:
1818:
1788:
1764:Zagar, Adriana (23 July 2018).
1757:
1731:
1700:
1674:
1648:
1623:
1598:
1573:
1548:
1523:
1498:
1259:Oracle Real Application Testing
1042:Introduction to Oracle Database
436:February 2018 (cloud, Exadata)
2112:. Firewall Media. p. 12.
2109:Introduction to SQL and PL/SQL
1862:. 11 July 2005. Archived from
1471:
1438:
1408:
1382:
1361:
1329:
1311:
1284:
1101:
891:. First version available for
248:comes from the code-name of a
1:
1802:. 1 July 2013. Archived from
1264:
1013:Old version, still maintained
294:Old version, still maintained
196:online transaction processing
3177:Oracle Certification Program
2083:. University of Klagenfurt.
2075:Departments of Informatics.
1913:Nash, Kim (3 October 1994).
1249:List of databases using MVCC
1183:and others. Oracle acquired
889:distributed database systems
7:
3216:Database management systems
2290:Database management systems
2106:Maheshwari, Sharad (2007).
1206:
1008:Old version, not maintained
756:Object-relational database
658:, Streams, Logical Standby
289:Old version, not maintained
53:; 45 years ago
10:
3272:
2696:Object–relational database
1239:Database management system
228:
218:or at Cloud at Customer).
185:database management system
174:Oracle Autonomous Database
3185:
3170:Education and recognition
3169:
3143:
3108:
3087:
3041:
2998:
2977:
2931:
2856:
2787:
2709:
2671:Federated database system
2643:
2612:
2556:
2483:
2412:
2404:Blockchain-based database
2296:
1391:"Oracle and Standard SQL"
996:
941:, data distribution, and
895:. Correlated sub-queries
469:March 2017 (on-premises)
277:
187:produced and marketed by
168:(commonly referred to as
143:
131:
119:
101:
97:
69:
65:
47:
35:
26:
2139:. Packt Publishing Ltd.
715:Virtual Private Database
411:February 2019 (Exadata)
2133:Baransel, Emre (2013).
1743:Oracle Database Insider
1713:Oracle Database Insider
1687:Oracle Database Insider
1661:Oracle Database Insider
885:client/server computing
835:Oracle Parallel Server
354:Current stable version:
84:; 11 months ago
2701:Transaction processing
2656:Database normalization
2599:Query rewriting system
2062:Data Processing Digest
1416:"Welcome to Larryland"
1319:"OTN Standard License"
1201:Open Source Definition
1025:Latest preview version
388:December 2020 (cloud)
306:Latest preview version
82:/ 19 September 2023
3256:Oracle Cloud Services
2978:Programming languages
2676:Referential integrity
1631:"Oracle Database 21c"
1153:, among many others.
260:Releases and versions
221:Oracle Database uses
3251:Cloud infrastructure
2820:HĂ©ctor GarcĂa-Molina
2666:Distributed database
1254:Oracle SQL Developer
1161:open-source software
1112:Microsoft SQL Server
988:. Ran on PDP-11 and
467:August 2016 (cloud)
430:Oracle Database 18c
405:Oracle Database 19c
390:August 2021 (Linux)
382:Oracle Database 21c
357:Oracle Database 23ai
126:Multi-model database
3144:Computer appliances
2788:Corporate directors
2686:Relational calculus
2564:Concurrency control
1806:on 9 September 2013
984:to run in 128KB of
976:joins. Written in
939:Concurrency control
637:Database Release 2
433:18.1.0 // 12.2.0.2
413:April 2019 (Linux)
408:19.1.0 // 12.2.0.3
180:) is a proprietary
23:
3161:Big Data Appliance
2800:H. Raymond Bingham
2781:Oracle Corporation
2681:Relational algebra
2625:Query optimization
2430:Armstrong's axioms
2064:. 1983. p. 2.
1745:. 16 February 2018
1635:Oracle Help Center
1610:Oracle Corporation
1585:Oracle Corporation
1560:Oracle Corporation
1535:Oracle Corporation
1510:Oracle Corporation
1395:Oracle Help Center
1187:, supplier of the
861:Novell Netware 386
607:Oracle Database 10
581:Oracle Database 10
549:Oracle Database 11
540:Database Appliance
520:Oracle Database 11
486:Oracle Database 12
455:Oracle Database 12
438:July 2018 (other)
415:June 2019 (cloud)
189:Oracle Corporation
42:Oracle Corporation
21:
3203:
3202:
3109:Computer hardware
3088:Operating systems
3049:Fusion Middleware
2849:Naomi O. Seligman
2830:Jeffrey O. Henley
2747:
2746:
2355:Wide-column store
2350:Document-oriented
2178:. Docs.oracle.com
1376:Technical network
1323:Technical network
1116:Microsoft Windows
1038:
1037:
1034:
978:assembly language
724:Oracle8 Database
568:Active Data Guard
315:
163:
162:
106:Assembly language
89:19 September 2023
3263:
3241:Database engines
3193:
3192:
3033:Developer Studio
3001:
2825:Joseph Grundfest
2774:
2767:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2737:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2691:Relational model
2661:Database storage
2538:Stored procedure
2283:
2276:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1921:. IDG Enterprise
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1776:on 8 August 2020
1772:. Archived from
1770:Oracle Community
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1452:Business Insider
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1295:. Archived from
1288:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1223:
1221:Companies portal
1218:
1217:
1216:
1197:Sun Microsystems
1031:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1004:
997:
975:
956:
926:
902:
874:5.0.22 (5.1.17)
870:
842:
824:
805:
782:
763:
743:
723:
694:
687:, Oracle XML DB
665:
652:Advanced Queuing
632:
606:
580:
570:, Secure Files,
548:
519:
485:
454:
429:
404:
381:
355:
312:
307:
302:
295:
290:
285:
278:
275:
274:
214:on-premises, on
200:data warehousing
159:
156:
154:
152:
150:
92:
90:
85:
81:
61:
59:
54:
31:
24:
20:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3221:Oracle Database
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3181:
3165:
3156:Oracle Exalogic
3139:
3104:
3083:
3064:WebLogic Server
3037:
2994:
2973:
2939:Oracle Database
2927:
2852:
2845:Donald L. Lucas
2783:
2778:
2748:
2743:
2705:
2651:Database models
2639:
2608:
2594:Query optimizer
2569:Data dictionary
2552:
2523:Transaction log
2479:
2435:Codd's 12 rules
2408:
2338:Column-oriented
2304:Object-oriented
2292:
2287:
2249:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2156:
2154:
2147:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2073:
2069:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1866:on 5 April 2018
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1836:on 5 April 2018
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1794:
1793:
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1777:
1762:
1758:
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1705:
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1691:
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1649:
1639:
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1629:
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1624:
1614:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1387:
1383:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1289:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1104:
1072:
1070:Market position
1059:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
973:
954:
924:
900:
868:
840:
822:
803:
780:
761:
741:
721:
709:
692:
680:
663:
647:
630:
621:
604:
595:
578:
564:September 2008
563:
559:September 2007
546:
534:
530:September 2009
517:
500:
483:
474:
463:
452:
443:
427:
414:
402:
379:
353:
347:
342:
337:
335:
330:
328:
323:
321:
314:
313:
308:
303:
296:
291:
286:
281:
262:
231:
176:, or simply as
166:Oracle Database
147:
93:
88:
86:
83:
57:
55:
52:
48:Initial release
22:Oracle Database
17:
12:
11:
5:
3269:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3151:Oracle Exadata
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3100:Oracle Solaris
3097:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2857:Acquisitions (
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2805:Michael Boskin
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2731:
2721:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2644:Related topics
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2620:Administration
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2589:Query language
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2248:
2247:External links
2245:
2243:
2242:
2217:
2189:
2167:
2145:
2125:
2118:
2098:
2067:
2047:
2016:
1988:
1960:
1932:
1905:
1877:
1847:
1817:
1787:
1756:
1730:
1699:
1673:
1647:
1622:
1597:
1572:
1547:
1522:
1497:
1470:
1437:
1407:
1381:
1360:
1328:
1310:
1299:on 30 May 2012
1283:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1208:
1205:
1135:Linux on IBM Z
1128:Siebel Systems
1103:
1100:
1071:
1068:
1058:
1055:
1036:
1035:
1030:Future release
1028:
1023:
1019:Latest version
1016:
1011:
1006:
999:
998:
994:
993:
966:
964:
961:
958:
951:
950:
936:
934:
931:
928:
921:
920:
913:
910:
907:
904:
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896:
881:
878:
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872:
865:
864:
853:
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847:
844:
837:
836:
833:
831:
829:
826:
819:
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815:
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792:
790:
787:
784:
777:
776:
773:
771:
768:
765:
758:
757:
754:
751:
750:February 1996
748:
745:
738:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
718:
717:
711:
706:
703:
700:
689:
688:
682:
681:December 2003
677:
674:
671:
660:
659:
649:
644:
641:
638:
627:
626:
623:
622:February 2006
618:
615:
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431:
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423:
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417:
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386:
383:
376:
375:
371:
369:
362:
359:
350:
349:
344:
339:
332:
325:
317:
316:
311:Future release
309:
304:
300:Latest version
297:
292:
287:
280:
279:
261:
258:
230:
227:
161:
160:
145:
141:
140:
135:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
103:
99:
98:
95:
94:
75:
73:
71:Stable release
67:
66:
63:
62:
49:
45:
44:
39:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3268:
3257:
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3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
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3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
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3188:
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3174:
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3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:SQL Developer
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:Larry Ellison
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2740:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2720:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
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2562:
2561:
2559:
2555:
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2531:
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2524:
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2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Surrogate key
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:Candidate key
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
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2428:
2426:
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2301:
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2295:
2291:
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2254:
2251:
2250:
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2206:
2201:
2193:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2152:
2148:
2146:9781849687911
2142:
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2137:
2129:
2121:
2119:9788131800386
2115:
2111:
2110:
2102:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1920:
1916:
1909:
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498:
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492:
489:
481:
477:
472:
470:
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461:
458:
450:
446:
444:January 2022
441:
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267:Larry Ellison
257:
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243:
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235:
234:Larry Ellison
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80:
74:
72:
68:
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50:
46:
43:
40:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
3095:Oracle Linux
2938:
2903:Virtual Iron
2840:Jack F. Kemp
2795:Jeffrey Berg
2233:. Retrieved
2229:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2204:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2170:
2162:
2155:. Retrieved
2135:
2128:
2108:
2101:
2091:30 September
2089:. Retrieved
2080:
2070:
2056:
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2029:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
2001:
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1973:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1945:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1918:
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1890:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:the original
1859:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1834:the original
1829:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1804:the original
1799:
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1774:the original
1769:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1742:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1712:
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1686:
1676:
1664:. Retrieved
1660:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1634:
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1609:
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1584:
1575:
1565:19 September
1563:. Retrieved
1559:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1482:
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1450:
1440:
1428:. Retrieved
1420:The Guardian
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1301:. Retrieved
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2954:Berkeley DB
2739:WikiProject
2630:Replication
2518:Transaction
2460:Foreign key
2440:CAP theorem
2387:Multi-model
2210:15 December
2077:"Oracle V2"
2003:PC Magazine
1981:7 September
1953:7 September
1898:7 September
1810:9 September
1666:17 December
1490:19 February
1430:19 December
1303:15 December
1102:Competition
943:scalability
825:Oracle 6.2
783:Oracle 7.1
764:Oracle 7.2
744:Oracle 7.3
656:Data Mining
648:April 2007
596:April 2010
475:March 2017
464:March 2017
204:on-premises
182:multi-model
170:Oracle DBMS
138:Proprietary
3210:Categories
3135:StorageTek
3129:Enterprise
3042:Middleware
3008:JDeveloper
2893:JD Edwards
2873:PeopleSoft
2810:Safra Catz
2604:Query plan
2557:Components
2475:Unique key
2392:comparison
2326:comparison
2316:Relational
2309:comparison
2157:15 January
1780:16 January
1640:9 December
1463:13 January
1342:. Oracle.
1265:References
1165:PostgreSQL
1124:PeopleSoft
974:CONNECT BY
957:Oracle v2
927:Oracle v3
903:Oracle v4
871:Oracle v5
843:Oracle v6
812:June 1992
796:Windows NT
730:June 1997
611:Release 1
591:July 2005
585:Release 2
553:Release 1
524:Release 2
501:July 2014
496:July 2013
490:Release 1
459:Release 2
102:Written in
76:23ai
3079:GlassFish
3069:Coherence
3059:SOA Suite
3054:WebCenter
2932:Databases
2835:Mark Hurd
2613:Functions
2548:Partition
2375:In-memory
2333:Key–value
1975:InfoWorld
1947:InfoWorld
1919:Infoworld
1892:InfoWorld
1369:"Exadata"
1173:Couchbase
1120:WebSphere
1094:. A 2021
1080:Microsoft
789:May 1994
770:May 1995
699:Database
670:Database
614:10.1.0.2
588:10.2.0.1
556:11.1.0.6
527:11.2.0.1
508:, Native
493:12.1.0.1
348:Features
341:Terminal
322:Database
238:Bob Miner
155:/database
3195:Category
3125:T-Series
3116:Sun Fire
3018:NetBeans
2959:TimesTen
2918:NetSuite
2913:Sunopsis
2908:TimesTen
2898:RightNow
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2719:Category
2635:Sharding
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2235:18 April
2182:16 March
2151:Archived
2085:Archived
2034:Archived
1749:28 April
1723:27 April
1717:Archived
1692:27 April
1457:Archived
1424:Archived
1378:, Oracle
1344:Archived
1325:, Oracle
1207:See also
1185:Innobase
1181:ArangoDB
1151:Informix
1139:Teradata
1092:Teradata
980:for the
912:4.1.4.4
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679:9.0.1.5
666:Oracle9
646:9.2.0.8
633:Oracle9
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442:18.17.0
385:21.1.0
361:23.4.0
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1860:Oracle
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1800:Oracle
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2365:NoSQL
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2297:Types
1615:2 May
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1372:(PDF)
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1340:(PDF)
1193:MySQL
1177:Neo4j
970:RDBMS
963:1979
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705:1998
676:2001
643:2002
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338:Date
254:Ampex
3023:Apex
3000:IDEs
2985:Java
2859:list
2584:ODBC
2574:JDBC
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