Optimum HDTV viewing distance

261: 1575:, which is the ability to discriminate depth by the use of both eyes. Vernier acuity and stereoacuity are cited as being detected with only a 2–4 arc second degree of separation. Ultimately all of the various types of acuity play a part in how we see things and more importantly, how we perceive what we are witnessing. The complexities of the human visual system and the relationship between different types of acuity are not yet fully understood. Thus, depending on which human visual system constraints are applied, viewing angles calculations will vary to some degree, especially when technological constraints are factored in. 1148:

in order not to miss any detail a viewer would need to be situated at a position where their view angle to a 1080p HDTV is approximately 31.2 degrees or greater (32 degrees for spherical display), for 2160p HDTV approximately 58.37 degrees or greater (64 degrees for spherical display) and for 4320p HDTV approximately 96.33 degrees or greater (128 degrees for spherical display). However, there is not always agreement that the Snellenian limit should be the constraining factor.

1584: 142: 532: 126:

angular relationships perceived by the viewer would be identical to those recorded by the camera. A mismatch in this regard is traditionally disregarded, but some rotating motions can make these distortions very noticeable as a pincushion effect. This is likely in 3D video games, so gamers are likely to adopt close viewing positions matched to a game's fixed field of view.

20: 814:

to be able to see pixel level detail. The maximum viewing distance will provide a viewing angle of approximately 16 degrees with Best Buy's recommendation and approximately 20 degrees with Crutchfield's. The maximum viewing distance (minimum viewing angle) provided by Best Buy aligns with vision theory on the highest spatial frequencies perceivable by the

171:, resolution refers to the number of pixels (usually referred to as "dots") in a fixed linear measurement. With HDTV, resolution is measured in terms of the number of pixels in the physical display. When the resolution of a printed image is increased, the image is cleaner, crisper and more detailed. However, image quality does 1533: 1416: 1260: 1668:

Furthermore, the study also found that the symptoms of motion sickness increased when subjects observed the visual stimuli without the aid of their glass or contact lenses. Consequently, optimum viewing distance recommendations based solely on human visual system and technological limitations may not

1093:

Consideration should also be given to the height at which the screen is placed. A common suggestion is that the viewer's eyes are horizontally level with the bottom or middle of the display, so that the screen does not overpower the viewer. THX recommends that a viewer should not have to look up more

137:

One compromise assumes the lens is "standard" (a 50 mm focal length, for a standard 35 mm format). A "standard" lens preserves the same spatial relationships perceived by a spectator at the camera location. For a "standard" lens image, viewing distance should be equal to the diagonal length

1611:

HDTV display when it is turned off, you can see the construction of the pixel grid. Turning the display on doesn't completely mask this. If you are too close to the display when it is on, it can look as though you're viewing it through a screen door. Even with different HDTV display technology, such

1147:

threshold has been identified as a constraint factor in the recommendations on the optimum viewing distance for HDTV, and also in formal research that comment on the subject of television and angular resolution. Assuming display is flat, with 1 arcminute as the constraint for seeing critical detail,

813:

The recommendations currently posted on the websites of retailers Best Buy and Crutchfield take more of a middle ground. Both retailers post a minimum viewing distance that accommodates a view angle of just a little over 32 degrees on average. This viewing distance approximates the view angle needed

1659:

Research conducted on presence with HDTV and other higher resolution formats that use a wide field display, has revealed that sometimes the feeling of presence can be too real, producing physiological effect that some viewers may find undesirable. Subjects have reported experiencing an increase in

590:

that once stated their recommendation as a fixed distance, are starting to provide range recommendations. Manufacturers have also started to provide range recommendations, updating their websites with small applications that denote the optimum viewing distance as a range of distances. THX in March

1037:

While THX still contends that the optimum viewing distance is a position where the display occupies a 40-degree view angle for the viewer, they too provide a range recommendation. The minimum viewing distance is set to approximate a 40-degree view angle, and the maximum viewing distance is set to

1102:

Each recommendation serves the underlying goal of the organization that proposes it. Manufacturers will have an easier time selling their HDTVs if they support a position that does not require consumers to purchase as large a set as required by the THX recommendations. In the absence of economic

509:

recommends that the "best seat-to-screen distance" is one where the view angle approximates 40 degrees, (the actual angle is 40.04 degrees). Their recommendation was originally presented at the 2006 CES show, and was stated as being the theoretical maximum horizontal view angle, based on average

187:

To maximize the feeling of presence and thus provide a better viewing experience, the viewer would need to be situated at the theoretical spot where the HDTV occupies the widest view angle for that viewer. It is also important that the resolution of the display per degree of arc remain at a high

129:

If the camera's angle were always the same, an ideal viewing distance could be easily calculated. However, the camera's horizontal angle varies as the focal length of its lens changes. If the camera's sensor has fixed dimensions, a shorter focal length (wide angle) lens captures a wider angle of

1690:

an increase in the feeling of presence did correlate with increased size. The researcher attributed these findings to the fact that the aforementioned content contained scenes that were shot with a point of view camera, scenes with sudden movements and shorter shots. Conversely, for programming

125:

The optimum viewing distance is affected by the horizontal angle of the camera capturing the image. One concept of an ideal viewing distance places the viewer where the horizontal angle subtended by the screen is the same as the horizontal angle captured by the camera. If this is the case, the

599:

Range recommendations from manufacturers are the most modest of the groupings. For the minimum (or nearest) viewing distance, they recommend a view angle of approximately 31 degrees; and for the maximum, a view angle as low as 10 degrees. A 10-degree view angle is approximately the angle that

1643:

consisting of rows and columns of specific numbers of pixels. From far enough away, the human eye perceives the illuminated pixels as a smooth image. As one gets closer, a point occurs where the blocky appearance of individual pixels becomes apparent. The image then loses its smoothness, its

1118:

data from formal testing. There is also the fact that the screen image is on a flat plane and not curved. Perhaps the biggest of these are uncertainties surrounding the limits of the human visual system, and how those limitations apply to what we see and perceive. A further, more practical

133:

Such opposing viewing distances would not only be impractical, but would negate the very purposes of telephoto shots (for example, to see a distant object in more detail, or minimize distortion in facial images) and wide-angle shots (causing the viewer to sit too close to the screen, where

1559:

an arc minute (or 30 arc seconds), when estimating the saturation point for the human visual system. With 30 arc seconds as the constraint, the view angle necessary to see all the detail provided by an HDTV with a 1080p resolution drops to approximately 16.1 degrees. Furthermore, several

1592: 490:(or SMPTE 30) recommendation (equivalent to about 1.6264 times the screen size in a 16:9 TV). This recommendation is very popular with the home theater enthusiast community, appears in books on home theater design, and is also supported by a white paper produced by 191:

Recommendations on HDTV viewing distances fall into two general classes; a fixed distance based on HDTV display size, or a range of distances based on the display size. The most common recommendations from reasonably authoritative sources are presented below.

1664:

when viewing strong visual stimuli on large screens. A study conducted using virtual reality simulation as part of the experiment, found that subjects with lower visual acuity experienced significantly more of the symptoms associated with motion sickness.

586:, the technically adventurous and the sports enthusiast looking to have the ultimate viewing experience. Today, the typical HDTV consumer's aims may be a little more modest; total immersion takes a back seat to room integration. Major retail chains like 66:. Thus, the correct viewing distance is critical to the enjoyment of HDTV as it is intended. While helping to define the HDTV standard, RCA engineer and member of the US delegation to the International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication Sector ( 1426: 1309: 1159: 1669:

always produce the best viewing experience. Viewers with lower visual acuity, who prefer to watch HDTV without their corrective lenses may want to sit closer to see critical details and run the risk of undesirable side effects.

1127:

The human visual system has a fixed capacity to detect detail from a distance. Our understanding of limitations with regard to visual detail recognition and identification from a distance is primarily based on the work of

200:

Fixed distance recommendations are the more common of the two types. For the most part, the majority of the fixed distance recommendations were issued before the end of 2007, when arguably HDTV displays were still in the

1677:

Although studies show the feeling of presence and image size are directly correlated, calculating the size to viewing distance relationship may not be a necessary exercise for all consumers. A 1997 study, which

581:

Stating optimum viewing distance as a range rather than as fixed distance is on the rise; possibly because of changes in the profile of the typical HDTV purchaser. Early adopters of HDTV were typically

1647:

Calculating the point where the human eye can detect pixels is not straightforward. Obviously, people's visual acuity varies greatly. But pixel geometry varies as well, in shape and spacing (known as

1140:

is seen as the threshold beyond which critical detail cannot be identified by a person with normal vision. An arcminute is an angular measurement, which is equal to 1/60 of one degree of a circle.

97:

The concept of presence has been described as the sensation of "reality", of "being there", and as "an illusion of non mediation". The concept of presence originated and was studied with regard to

1564:

articles have challenged the notion that 1 arcminute of resolution is the typical resolving power of the human eye, suggesting that on average, we can resolve detail smaller than that.

130:

view, requiring the viewer to sit closer to the screen. Conversely, a longer focal length (telephoto) lens captures a narrower angle of view, demanding a more distant viewer position.

510:

human vision. In the opinion of THX, the location where the display is viewed at a 40-degree view angle provides the most "immersive cinematic experience", all else being equal. For

1528:{\displaystyle {\textrm {VD}}={\frac {\textrm {32}}{{\sqrt {\left({\frac {\textrm {1920}}{\textrm {1080}}}\right)^{2}+1}}\cdot {\textrm {1080}}\cdot \tan {\frac {1}{60}}}}=49.94} 1411:{\displaystyle {\textrm {VD}}={\frac {\textrm {32}}{{\sqrt {\left({\frac {\textrm {1920}}{\textrm {1080}}}\right)^{2}+1}}\cdot {\textrm {480}}\cdot \tan {\frac {1}{60}}}}=112.36} 404:

Find the right video resolution. Example: a 53 cm high screen (43 inches diagonal), located at a distance of 300 cm, does not need to show video with a resolution higher than

2585: 1682:

that increases in screen size would give rise to increased feelings of presence, found that the content was more important than the screen size. The findings were that for

1599:

While viewing an HDTV display from a shorter distance can produce an increased sense of presence, the limitations of technology can have an adverse effect if the viewer is

1774: 1255:{\displaystyle {\textrm {VD}}={\frac {\textrm {DS}}{{\sqrt {\left({\frac {\textrm {NHR}}{\textrm {NVR}}}\right)^{2}+1}}\cdot {\textrm {CVR}}\cdot \tan {\frac {1}{60}}}}} 153:) increases the feeling of presence. More importantly, the wider the visual angle (up to a plateau at approximately 80 degrees), the greater the feeling of presence. 105:

environments. It was later established that television viewers could also experience a feeling of presence. Presence is influenced by a number of factors, including

498:(or UHDTV), does support the premise that HDTV was optimized for a view angle of 30 degrees, there seems to be no direct recommendation from SMPTE on the issue. 474:, though the popular electronics review website CNET suggests that high-resolution content can be watched at a closer distance – 1.5 times the display screen's 2221: 241:, it must be expressed in picture heights (H). If a screen is 50 cm high and it is at a distance of 250 cm, then in picture heights, its distance is 5 H ( 1295:, you must multiply the angle by PI()/180. If DS is given in inches, VD will be in inches. If VD in meters is desired, multiply VD by 2.54 and divide by 100. 3509: 2006: 487: 514:

application of their recommendations, THX recommends dividing the diagonal screen measurement by .84 to calculate the optimum viewing distance, for a

3802: 453:; It is the distance actually observed in households that should be used. It is much greater than the optimal viewing distance and highly variable. 2561: 2853: 175:

improve if the increase in resolution exceeds the observer's visual capabilities. For an HDTV's image to noticeably improve, its resolution per

1103:

influences, calculating the best screen-size-to-distance ratio that will produce the utmost feeling of presence is not at all straightforward.

591:

2009 added range recommendations to their website. The minimum of the range tends to be the proponent's fixed optimum distance recommendation.

434:

format is wider). The optimal distance is therefore 1.6 times the height of the screen. The best compromise with the ideal listening zone, the

2427:

Plasma Display Panel (PDP) vs. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Technology : An overview of Consumer Benefits for Home Theater Applications

3245: 470:

measurement of the display screen by 2.5. This recommendation is cited by television manufacturers, retailers, respected publications and

3456: 2872: 1801: 2161: 213:(Ultra High Definition) technology. This new technology allows for much shorter viewing distances, which requires greater precision. 2506: 818:. Crutchfield's maximum viewing distance aligns with the lower boundaries where viewers typically begin to find HDTV immersive. 2113: 2657: 3429: 2205: 2290: 3728: 3503: 2488: 2246: 1826: 3444: 550: 542: 3832: 3577: 3075: 1624:, the way HDTV images are rendered limits how close a viewer can be before the image's segmented nature becomes evident. 2459: 1106:

There are a number of factors that can affect the calculation including the limitations of the human visual system, the

3776: 1718: 3491: 3450: 3059: 2973: 2410: 2064: 568: 431: 423: 264:

Distance in picture heights. Here the distance is 3.2 picture heights (H). This is the optimal viewing distance for

1151:

To calculate the viewing distance, based on display size and content resolution, the following formula may be used:

3813: 3496: 3238: 495: 210: 1858:"Recommendation ITU-R BT.500-15, Methodologies for the subjective assessment of the quality of television images" 1549:

paper on the limits of human vision and video display systems uses a different constraint value of approximately

1119:

consideration, is one of room size, including the position of speakers, seating and other furniture in the room.

3515: 3485: 3312: 59: 2609: 1291:

Note: Make sure the angle mode is set to degrees when calculating the tangent. If using a spreadsheet such as

162: 3786: 3771: 3659: 486:

Viewing an HDTV from a position where the display occupies a 30-degree field of view is widely quoted as the

3158: 2139: 3388: 2268: 385:

Example: for a 1080 HDTV used at a distance of 250 cm, you need to find a screen whose height is close to

149:

It has been demonstrated that viewing a display that occupies a greater visual angle (also referred to as

3231: 35: 3571: 3301: 3295: 2753: 1723: 50:

system it is designed to replace. The "thrilling realism" HDTV attempts to offer arises from increased

31: 2314: 1968:"Research On Human Factors in Ultrahigh-Definition Television (UHDTV) to Determine its Specifications" 3707: 3418: 3000:

Tests of Visual acuity to determine the resolution required of a television transmission system – BBC

2803: 1617: 815: 3026: 3609: 3412: 3204: 1888: 1683: 1613: 234: 3133: 2998: 427: 375: 341: 3615: 3184:

Visual Acuity, Eye Movements, the Illusion of Motion and Motion Sickness with Optokinetic stimuli

1143:

Normal vision is referenced as 20/20 or 6/6 vision in North America and Europe respectively. The

494:. Although an article on research into setting the specification for the next evolution of HDTV, 102: 63: 109:

techniques, audio fidelity, visual and aural dimensionality, and most relevantly to this topic,

3712: 3462: 3377: 2380: 2358: 2336: 1733: 1604: 435: 2878: 1914:"Psychophysical Analysis of the "Sensation of Reality" Induced by a Visual Wide-Field Display" 3599: 3593: 3556: 3262: 450: 2776: 2056: 2049: 466:

One of the more popular recommendations on the proper HDTV viewing distance is multiply the

3604: 3478: 3090: 2089: 2023:

Widening the Field-of-View Increase the Sense of Presence in Immersive Virtual Environments

1913: 1696: 413: 2899: 8: 3750: 3654: 3561: 3405: 3332: 2633: 1621: 188:

quality level. Opinions regarding where the ideal position lies are numerous and varied.

3094: 2539: 2425: 230: 3792: 3666: 3588: 3583: 3546: 1687: 1640: 409: 279: 238: 226: 114: 79: 71: 51: 2515: 2021: 3745: 3541: 3473: 3106: 3055: 2406: 2201: 2192:. IHM '17. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 147–155. 2060: 2000: 1708: 1644:

perceived quality drops, and the advantage of closer viewing becomes a disadvantage.

378:

screen 140 cm high (112 inches diagonal), the optimal distance is 140 × 1.6 = 224 cm.

209:, which is based on physics and physiology, has become essential with the advent of 3797: 3536: 3338: 3284: 3098: 2681: 2193: 1982: 1928: 1753: 1546: 75: 260: 3702: 3692: 3639: 3400: 2586:"Technology; HDTV's Acceptance Picks Up Pace as Prices Drop and Networks Sign On" 2184: 1661: 1639:

of colored 4-sided pixels. Like computer monitors, each HDTV display has a video

1632: 1595:

Image with a portion greatly enlarged, showing how individual pixels are rendered

1292: 1129: 179:(or angular resolution) must increase as well as the pixel count of the display. 98: 2828: 2492: 3306: 3254: 2948: 1608: 1568: 518:

resolution. This equates to multiplying the diagonal measurement by about 1.2.

176: 2726: 54:(detail) and the typically large screen sizes. A larger display increases the 3826: 2465: 1713: 1144: 1137: 1136:). From his findings and the work of others over the last hundred years, one 1133: 354: 202: 150: 2898:

Ferwerda, J.A.; Pattanaik, S.N.; Shirley, P.; Greenberg, D.P. (1995-06-20),

2197: 3102: 2248:

Guides & Resources – Calculate the optimal viewing distance for your TV

2181:"Viewing distance requires large characters to ensure legibility on TV-set" 1966:

Sugawara, S.; Masaoka, K.; Emoto, M.; Matsuo, Y.; Nojiri, Y. (April 2008),

1114:

considerations, the content that will be viewed, and the interpretation of

106: 78:. This approach, based on the limits of the human eye, can be used for all 55: 34:

viewing distance is the distance that provides the viewer with the optimum

3110: 2180: 1857: 257:). Mathematically, this gives the distances shown in the following table: 3671: 3634: 3355: 1887:

Lombard, M.; Reich, R.D.; Grabe, M.E.; Bracken, C.C.; Bitton, T. (2000),

1728: 23: 1583: 3649: 3644: 3626: 3566: 1967: 1679: 1572: 1132:. Dr. Snellen developed the eye examination chart that bears his name ( 1111: 1107: 583: 47: 3766: 3740: 3697: 3687: 3393: 3290: 3223: 2088:

Sugawara, M; Mitiani, K; Kanazawa, FM; Okano, F.; Nishida, Y (2005),

1828:

Presence and video games: The impact of image quality and skill level

1692: 1571:, which is the eye's ability to detect an offset between 2 lines and 1302: 1115: 74:, made an early analysis of viewing distance, deriving the so-called 3182: 2705: 229:. This is its ability to distinguish between two pixels. For normal 3468: 3439: 3279: 1986: 1932: 1699:

changing the screen size had no effect on the feeling of presence.

1561: 587: 511: 501: 481: 475: 467: 461: 168: 46:

HDTV is designed to provide an experience more realistic than the

3733: 3383: 3348: 2897: 2186:

Proceedings of the 29th Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine

1284:

CVR: Vertical resolution of the video being displayed (in pixels)

491: 471: 19: 3050:

Forrester, J.V.; Dick, A.D.; McMenamin, P.G.; Lee, W.R. (2002),

2179:

Bertolus, Cédric; Bailleul, Daniel; Mersiol, Marc (2017-08-29).

1591: 1542:

Sitting beyond these distances will result in a loss of detail.

141: 3367: 2923: 1636: 1628: 62:

is viewed, both of which contribute to an increased feeling of

3206:

The Role of Screen size in Viewer Responses to Television Fare

3343: 515: 374:

Find the optimal distance for a given screen. Example: for a

328: 265: 110: 67: 3203:

Lombard, M.; Ditton, T.B.; Grabe, M.E.; Reich, R.D. (1997),

2874:

Webvision – The organization of the Retina and Visual System

2316:

About.com Top 10 Home Theater Mistakes and How to Avoid Then

2087: 3361: 601: 405: 315: 302: 289: 2901:

A Model of Visual Adaptation for Realistic Image Synthesis

2162:"Home Entertainment; In the Action With 'Star Wars' Sound" 1965: 3049: 2635:

Waveform 05 Casual Viewer, Videophile or Critical Viewer?

506: 3028:

Super Hi-Vision – research on a future ultra-HDTV system

1886: 478:

measurement (corresponding to 32 degree viewing angle).

3202: 3054:(2nd ed.), Elsevier Health Sciences, p. 229, 2178: 1278:

NHR: Display's native horizontal resolution (in pixels)

1097: 2270:

Displays: Angles, Distance Key to Home Theater Design

2223:

Kuro Displays – Home Theater Design: Plasma Placement

2091:

Future Prospects of HDTV –samsung trends Toward 1080p

1654: 1429: 1312: 1281:

NVR: Display's native vertical resolution (in pixels)

1162: 1421:

Example for high-def video on a 32-inch 1080p HDTV:

225:" is based on the limits of the human eye, i.e. its 3510:

Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology

1776:

67" widescreen DLP HDTV HL67A510 – DLP TV – Samsung

1651:), depending on a display's technology and design. 1627:HDTV displays produce images the same way computer 163:

Fovea centralis § Angular size of foveal cones

2562:"Essay; High Definition TV: All or Nothing at All" 2048: 1912:Hatada, T.; Sakata, H.; Kusaka, H. (August 1980), 1911: 1527: 1410: 1254: 440:Sound is 50 percent of the movie going experience" 3803:Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays 2141:Diffusion of Innovation, by Everett Rogers (1995) 2047:Fuller, Laurie Ulrich; Fuller, Robert C. (2004), 1890:Presence and Television – The Role of Screen Size 1122: 594: 449:The optimal viewing distance is not suitable for 369:This table can be used in a number of ways : 3824: 502:× 1.2 (corresponding to 40-degree viewing angle) 482:× 1.6 (corresponding to 30-degree viewing angle) 462:× 2.5 (corresponding to 20-degree viewing angle) 2870: 2019: 1755:At the Heart of It All: The concept of Presence 145:Horizontal, vertical and diagonal field of view 134:undesirable image artifacts would be visible). 3135:Visual Perception in Realistic Image Synthesis 2997:Drewery, J.O.; Salmon, R.A. (September 2004), 2005:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 1824: 3239: 2996: 2115:Penetration of High Definition Television 23% 1905: 1751: 1672: 84: 82:(including future resolutions). This is the " 16:Television placement for immersive experience 3127: 3125: 2942: 2940: 2046: 2042: 2040: 2038: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1799: 3457:Surface-conduction electron-emitter display 3083:Journal of the Optical Society of America A 3076:"Physical limits of acuity and hyperacuity" 2967: 2965: 2854:"Is This Living Room Big Enough for My TV?" 1803:Presence and Television: Form verus Content 216: 3368:Active-Matrix Organic light-emitting diode 3246: 3232: 2891: 2795: 2676: 2674: 2652: 2650: 2625: 2537: 2240: 2238: 1795: 1793: 1791: 3122: 2937: 2864: 2553: 2372: 2260: 2131: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2035: 1875: 1578: 808: 569:Learn how and when to remove this message 237:. To obtain a fixed distance for a given 3131: 3067: 3024: 3020: 3018: 2962: 2822: 2820: 2751: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2607: 2601: 2483: 2481: 2244: 1603:close to the display. If you examine an 1590: 1582: 259: 140: 18: 3196: 3150: 3073: 2851: 2805:TV and HDTV: Frequently Asked Questions 2777:"Recommended TV Viewing Distance Chart" 2671: 2647: 2577: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2418: 2400: 2235: 2214: 2106: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1788: 456: 426:cinema has the same number of lines as 3825: 3253: 3174: 2801: 2700: 2698: 2631: 2378: 2356: 2350: 2282: 2159: 2072: 2020:Prothero, J.D.; Hoffman, H.G. (1995), 604:television was typically viewed from. 3227: 3156: 3015: 2971: 2871:Kolb, H.; Fernandez, E.; Nelson, R., 2817: 2740: 2728:LG – HDTV Viewing Distance Calculator 2489:"HDTV Size and Distance Calculations" 2478: 2334: 2306: 2288: 156: 3504:Ferroelectric liquid crystal display 3180: 2925:Visual Acuity: What is 20/20 Vision? 2583: 2559: 2531: 2499: 2443: 2328: 2013: 1944: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1818: 1745: 1110:limitations of HDTV displays, human 1098:Factors influencing the calculations 525: 3578:Light-emitting electrochemical cell 3043: 2990: 2916: 2826: 2695: 2405:, Rockport Publishers, p. 60, 2394: 2382:Howto: The Perfect TV for Your Room 2137: 2055:, Wiley Publishing, Inc., pp. 1825:Bracken, C.C.; Skalski, P. (2006), 1800:Bracken, C.C.; Botta, R.A. (2002), 13: 3777:Large-screen television technology 2719: 1719:Large-screen television technology 1655:Human physiological considerations 541:tone or style may not reflect the 182: 14: 3844: 3451:Organic light-emitting transistor 2754:"Viewing Distance vs. Resolution" 2538:Fleischman, M. (September 2002), 2312: 1843: 521: 195: 113:size (visual angle) and quality ( 3814:Comparison of display technology 2946: 2852:Grobart, Sam (8 February 2012). 2266: 1752:Lombard, M.; Ditton, T. (1997), 1088: 551:guide to writing better articles 530: 419:Find the best seat in the cinema 3445:Electroluminescent Quantum Dots 2845: 2769: 2752:Morrison, G. (September 2006), 2172: 2153: 1587:Magnification of the pixel grid 1022:8.75' – 14.75' (2.7 m – 4.5 m) 916: 827: 676: 611: 401:= 78 cm (63 inches diagonally). 120: 3516:Laser-powered phosphor display 2461:THX Home Theater Display Setup 1767: 1123:Human visual system limitation 1014:8.13' – 13.5' (2.5 m – 4.1 m) 1006:7.25' – 12.0' (2.2 m – 3.7 m) 982:6.25' – 10.5' (1.9 m – 3.2 m) 966:5.25' – 8.75' (1.6 m – 2.7 m) 950:4.63' – 7.71' (1.4 m – 2.4 m) 869:5.3' – 10.5' (1.6 m – 3.2 m) 595:Manufacturers' recommendations 233:(6/6 vision), this angle is 1 1: 3782:Optimum HDTV viewing distance 3772:History of display technology 3660:Computer-generated holography 2950:How Visual Acuity is Measured 1739: 1032: 998:6.9' – 11.5' (2.1 m – 3.5 m) 990:6.5' – 10.8' (2.0 m – 3.3 m) 974:5.75' – 9.5' (1.7 m – 2.9 m) 958:5.0' – 8.33' (1.5 m – 2.5 m) 942:4.0' – 6.66' (1.2 m – 2.0 m) 934:3.25' – 5.5' (1.0 m – 1.7 m) 909:8.1' – 16.3' (2.5 m – 5.0 m) 901:7.5' – 15.0' (2.3 m – 4.6 m) 893:6.8' – 12.8' (2.1 m – 3.9 m) 885:6.3' – 12.5' (1.9 m – 3.8 m) 877:5.8' – 11.5' (1.8 m – 3.5 m) 845:3.3' – 6.5' (1.0 m – 2.0 m) 41: 3362:Organic light-emitting diode 3356:Light-emitting diode display 2160:Fantel, Hans (May 3, 1992). 1975:SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal 1660:symptoms that are common to 1612:as front or rear projection 1567:Also, there is the issue of 861:4.3' – 8.5' (1.3 m – 2.6 m) 853:3.8' – 7.6' (1.2 m – 2.3 m) 661:5'5" – 15'10" (1.7 – 4.8 m) 7: 2975:Standards for Visual Acuity 2632:Cripps, Dale (2004-10-15), 2610:"TV Maze: A Survival Guide" 2608:Schiesel, S. (2003-11-27), 1702: 1275:DS: Display's diagonal size 669:6'0" – 17'0" (1.8 – 5.2 m) 653:5'4" – 15'1" (1.6 – 4.6 m) 645:4'4" – 12'1" (1.3 – 3.7 m) 637:3'5" – 9'10" (1.0 – 3.0 m) 629:3'0" – 8'4" (0.9 – 2.5 m) 92: 10: 3849: 3833:High-definition television 3572:Vacuum fluorescent display 3296:Electroluminescent display 2972:Evans, J.M. (2006-06-16), 2830:The Limits of Human Vision 2683:Toshiba Regza Room Planner 2357:Ranada, D. (Feb 3, 2006), 2289:Brady, M.P. (2009-01-19), 1673:End-user content selection 1155: 1082:6.0' – 9.0' (1.8 – 2.7 m) 1066:4.0' – 6.0' (1.2 – 1.8 m) 1058:3.5' – 5.0' (1.0 – 1.5 m) 451:designing a user interface 381:Find the right screen size 160: 3811: 3759: 3721: 3680: 3625: 3529: 3428: 3419:Liquid crystal on silicon 3323: 3270: 3261: 2802:Kindig, S. (2009-02-17), 2659:Choosing Your Screen Size 2584:Taub, E.A. (2003-03-31), 2560:Taub, E.A. (2001-02-15), 2379:Burger, D. (2008-04-08), 1305:on a 32-inch 1080p HDTV: 416:with no perceptible gain. 223:"optimal viewing distance 3610:Fourteen-segment display 3413:Digital Light Processing 3157:Pugue, D. (2004-12-16), 1635:) are produced, using a 1074:5' – 7.5' (1.5 – 2.2 m) 1038:approximate 28 degrees. 217:Optimal viewing distance 207:optimal viewing distance 85:optimal viewing distance 38:visual HDTV experience. 3616:Sixteen-segment display 3302:Rear-projection display 2781:Toshiba Research Center 2541:Having a Ball with HDTV 2198:10.1145/3132129.3132133 1686:, action-adventure and 3463:Field-emission display 3378:Liquid-crystal display 3103:10.1364/josaa.1.000775 3074:Geisler, W.S. (1984), 2514:, 2006, archived from 2291:"Picture-Perfect HDTV" 2138:Orr, G. (2003-03-18), 1734:Sweet spot (acoustics) 1596: 1588: 1579:Technology limitations 1529: 1412: 1256: 809:Retail recommendations 408:. Presenting a higher 269: 205:phase. The concept of 146: 27: 3600:Eight-segment display 3594:Seven-segment display 3132:McNamara, A. (2001), 3025:Sugawara, M. (2008), 2360:Maxing Out Resolution 2245:Tinblock, E. (2006), 2121:, Nielsen, 2008-12-11 1989:(inactive 2024-08-12) 1594: 1586: 1530: 1413: 1257: 263: 144: 22: 3722:Display capabilities 3605:Nine-segment display 3307:Plasma display panel 3159:"How Far From HDTV?" 2508:THX Home Theater 101 2495:on 28 February 2014. 2401:Rushing, K. (2004), 1709:Contrast sensitivity 1427: 1310: 1272:VD: Viewing distance 1160: 457:Diagonal measurement 414:ecological footprint 99:virtual reality (VR) 89:found in the ITU-R. 3751:See-through display 3655:Holographic display 3333:Quantum dot display 3181:Webb, N.A. (2004), 3095:1984JOSAA...1..775G 2403:Home Theater Design 2051:Photoshop CS3 Bible 1688:reality programming 1130:Dr. Hermann Snellen 1043: 919: 830: 816:human visual system 679: 614: 273: 227:angle of resolution 3793:Color Light Output 3787:High Dynamic Range 3589:Dot-matrix display 3584:Lightguide display 3255:Display technology 3163:The New York Times 2858:The New York Times 2707:RCA – Room Planner 2614:The New York Times 2590:The New York Times 2566:The New York Times 2335:Katzmeier, David, 2166:The New York Times 1597: 1589: 1525: 1408: 1252: 1050:Recommended Range 1041: 926:Recommended Range 917: 837:Recommended Range 828: 686:Recommended Range 677: 621:Recommended Range 612: 438:, must be found; " 272: 270: 157:Angular resolution 147: 115:angular resolution 72:Bernard J. Lechner 28: 3820: 3819: 3746:Always-on display 3537:Electromechanical 3525: 3524: 2207:978-1-4503-5109-6 1540: 1539: 1517: 1514: 1494: 1485: 1467: 1465: 1460: 1445: 1434: 1400: 1397: 1377: 1368: 1350: 1348: 1343: 1328: 1317: 1250: 1247: 1227: 1218: 1200: 1198: 1193: 1178: 1167: 1094:than 15 degrees. 1086: 1085: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1025: 913: 912: 806: 805: 802: 801: 673: 672: 579: 578: 571: 545:used on Knowledge 543:encyclopedic tone 366: 365: 3840: 3798:Flexible display 3760:Related articles 3640:Autostereoscopic 3339:Electronic paper 3285:Cathode-ray tube 3268: 3267: 3248: 3241: 3234: 3225: 3224: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3211: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3191: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3140: 3129: 3120: 3119: 3118: 3117: 3080: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3022: 3013: 3012: 3011: 3010: 3005: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2969: 2960: 2959: 2958: 2957: 2944: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2887: 2886: 2877:, archived from 2868: 2862: 2861: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2824: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2812: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2765: 2764: 2758:Sound and Vision 2749: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2702: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2690: 2678: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2666: 2654: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2491:. Archived from 2485: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2464:, archived from 2456: 2441: 2440: 2439: 2438: 2433:, September 2003 2432: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2302: 2301: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2255: 2242: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2191: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2157: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2120: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2085: 2070: 2069: 2054: 2044: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2030: 2017: 2011: 2010: 2004: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1972: 1963: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1918: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1901: 1900: 1895: 1884: 1873: 1872: 1870: 1869: 1854: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1797: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1749: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1547:Sun Microsystems 1534: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1518: 1516: 1515: 1507: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1486: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1390: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1369: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1261: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1248: 1240: 1229: 1228: 1225: 1219: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1154: 1153: 1044: 1040: 920: 831: 824: 823: 798:(1.98 – 3.14 m) 797: 793: 782:(1.68 – 2.65 m) 781: 777: 766:(1.52 – 2.41 m) 765: 761: 750:(1.43 – 2.26 m) 749: 745: 733: 729: 718:(1.28 – 2.04 m) 717: 713: 702:(1.22 – 1.92 m) 701: 697: 680: 615: 608: 607: 574: 567: 563: 560: 554: 553:for suggestions. 549:See Knowledge's 534: 533: 526: 400: 398: 397: 394: 391: 274: 271: 256: 254: 253: 250: 247: 76:Lechner distance 3848: 3847: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3838: 3837: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3807: 3755: 3717: 3703:Slide projector 3693:Movie projector 3676: 3621: 3521: 3431: 3424: 3325: 3319: 3272: 3257: 3252: 3222: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3201: 3197: 3189: 3187: 3179: 3175: 3167: 3165: 3155: 3151: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3130: 3123: 3115: 3113: 3078: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3048: 3044: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3023: 3016: 3008: 3006: 3003: 2995: 2991: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2970: 2963: 2955: 2953: 2945: 2938: 2930: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2884: 2882: 2869: 2865: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2827:Deering, M.F., 2825: 2818: 2810: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2760: 2750: 2741: 2733: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2712: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2696: 2688: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2672: 2664: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2648: 2640: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2618: 2616: 2606: 2602: 2594: 2592: 2582: 2578: 2570: 2568: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2544: 2536: 2532: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2487: 2486: 2479: 2471: 2469: 2458: 2457: 2444: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2399: 2395: 2387: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2363: 2355: 2351: 2343: 2341: 2338:TV Buying Guide 2333: 2329: 2321: 2319: 2311: 2307: 2299: 2297: 2287: 2283: 2275: 2273: 2265: 2261: 2253: 2251: 2243: 2236: 2228: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2189: 2177: 2173: 2158: 2154: 2146: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2086: 2073: 2067: 2045: 2036: 2028: 2026: 2018: 2014: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1990: 1970: 1964: 1945: 1937: 1935: 1916: 1910: 1906: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1885: 1876: 1867: 1865: 1856: 1855: 1844: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1823: 1819: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1798: 1789: 1781: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1760: 1758: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1705: 1675: 1662:motion sickness 1657: 1633:raster graphics 1631:(also known as 1581: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1506: 1491: 1490: 1473: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1389: 1374: 1373: 1356: 1345: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1298: 1239: 1224: 1223: 1206: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1125: 1100: 1091: 1035: 821: 811: 795: 791: 779: 775: 763: 759: 747: 743: 734:(1.4 – 2.22 m) 731: 727: 715: 711: 699: 695: 605: 597: 575: 564: 558: 555: 548: 539:This article's 535: 531: 524: 504: 484: 464: 459: 442:- George Lucas. 412:means a larger 395: 392: 389: 388: 386: 251: 248: 245: 244: 242: 219: 198: 185: 183:Recommendations 165: 159: 138:of the screen. 123: 95: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3846: 3836: 3835: 3818: 3817: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3737: 3736: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3657: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3549: 3544: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3479:Liquid crystal 3476: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3434: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3353: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3336: 3329: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3304: 3299: 3293: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3274: 3265: 3263:Video displays 3259: 3258: 3251: 3250: 3243: 3236: 3228: 3221: 3220: 3195: 3173: 3149: 3121: 3089:(7): 775–782, 3066: 3060: 3042: 3014: 2989: 2961: 2936: 2915: 2890: 2863: 2844: 2816: 2794: 2768: 2739: 2718: 2694: 2670: 2646: 2624: 2600: 2576: 2552: 2530: 2498: 2477: 2442: 2417: 2411: 2393: 2371: 2349: 2327: 2305: 2281: 2259: 2234: 2213: 2206: 2171: 2152: 2130: 2105: 2071: 2065: 2034: 2012: 1987:10.5594/J15117 1943: 1933:10.5594/J01582 1927:(8): 117–126, 1904: 1874: 1842: 1817: 1787: 1766: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1704: 1701: 1697:drama programs 1691:consisting of 1674: 1671: 1656: 1653: 1649:interpixel gap 1580: 1577: 1569:vernier acuity 1538: 1537: 1524: 1521: 1513: 1510: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1489: 1484: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1454: 1439: 1407: 1404: 1396: 1393: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1337: 1322: 1299: 1297: 1296: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1246: 1243: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1222: 1217: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1187: 1172: 1124: 1121: 1099: 1096: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1000: 999: 996: 992: 991: 988: 984: 983: 980: 976: 975: 972: 968: 967: 964: 960: 959: 956: 952: 951: 948: 944: 943: 940: 936: 935: 932: 928: 927: 924: 914: 911: 910: 907: 903: 902: 899: 895: 894: 891: 887: 886: 883: 879: 878: 875: 871: 870: 867: 863: 862: 859: 855: 854: 851: 847: 846: 843: 839: 838: 835: 810: 807: 804: 803: 800: 799: 788: 784: 783: 772: 768: 767: 756: 752: 751: 740: 736: 735: 724: 720: 719: 708: 704: 703: 692: 688: 687: 684: 674: 671: 670: 667: 663: 662: 659: 655: 654: 651: 647: 646: 643: 639: 638: 635: 631: 630: 627: 623: 622: 619: 596: 593: 577: 576: 538: 536: 529: 523: 522:Optimum ranges 520: 503: 500: 483: 480: 463: 460: 458: 455: 444: 443: 417: 402: 379: 364: 363: 360: 357: 351: 350: 347: 344: 338: 337: 334: 331: 325: 324: 321: 318: 312: 311: 308: 305: 299: 298: 295: 292: 286: 285: 282: 277: 218: 215: 203:early adoption 197: 196:Fixed distance 194: 184: 181: 158: 155: 122: 119: 94: 91: 43: 40: 26:-oriented room 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3845: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3815: 3810: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3447:(ELQD/QD-LED) 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3427: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3322: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3244: 3242: 3237: 3235: 3230: 3229: 3226: 3208: 3207: 3199: 3186: 3185: 3177: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3137: 3136: 3128: 3126: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3077: 3070: 3063: 3061:0-7020-1790-6 3057: 3053: 3046: 3030: 3029: 3021: 3019: 3002: 3001: 2993: 2977: 2976: 2968: 2966: 2952: 2951: 2943: 2941: 2927: 2926: 2919: 2903: 2902: 2894: 2881:on 2009-03-01 2880: 2876: 2875: 2867: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2832: 2831: 2823: 2821: 2807: 2806: 2798: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2759: 2755: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2730: 2729: 2722: 2709: 2708: 2701: 2699: 2685: 2684: 2677: 2675: 2661: 2660: 2653: 2651: 2637: 2636: 2628: 2615: 2611: 2604: 2591: 2587: 2580: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2543: 2542: 2534: 2521:on 2010-01-03 2517: 2510: 2509: 2502: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2482: 2468:on 2010-01-03 2467: 2463: 2462: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2429: 2428: 2421: 2414: 2412:1-59253-017-6 2408: 2404: 2397: 2384: 2383: 2375: 2362: 2361: 2353: 2340: 2339: 2331: 2318: 2317: 2309: 2296: 2292: 2285: 2272: 2271: 2263: 2250: 2249: 2241: 2239: 2225: 2224: 2217: 2209: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2156: 2143: 2142: 2134: 2117: 2116: 2109: 2093: 2092: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2068: 2066:0-470-11541-6 2062: 2058: 2053: 2052: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2025: 2024: 2016: 2008: 2002: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1969: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921:SMPTE Journal 1915: 1908: 1892: 1891: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1863: 1859: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1830: 1829: 1821: 1805: 1804: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1778: 1777: 1770: 1757: 1756: 1748: 1744: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1652: 1650: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1593: 1585: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1563: 1548: 1543: 1536: 1522: 1519: 1511: 1508: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1487: 1482: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1452: 1437: 1422: 1419: 1405: 1402: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1370: 1365: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1335: 1320: 1304: 1300: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1244: 1241: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1220: 1215: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1185: 1170: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1145:visual acuity 1141: 1139: 1135: 1134:Snellen chart 1131: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1112:physiological 1109: 1108:technological 1104: 1095: 1089:Screen height 1081: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1039: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1005: 1002: 1001: 997: 994: 993: 989: 986: 985: 981: 978: 977: 973: 970: 969: 965: 962: 961: 957: 954: 953: 949: 946: 945: 941: 938: 937: 933: 930: 929: 925: 922: 921: 915: 908: 905: 904: 900: 897: 896: 892: 889: 888: 884: 881: 880: 876: 873: 872: 868: 865: 864: 860: 857: 856: 852: 849: 848: 844: 841: 840: 836: 833: 832: 826: 825: 822: 819: 817: 789: 786: 785: 773: 770: 769: 757: 754: 753: 741: 738: 737: 725: 722: 721: 709: 706: 705: 693: 690: 689: 685: 682: 681: 675: 668: 665: 664: 660: 657: 656: 652: 649: 648: 644: 641: 640: 636: 633: 632: 628: 625: 624: 620: 617: 616: 610: 609: 606: 603: 592: 589: 585: 573: 570: 562: 552: 546: 544: 537: 528: 527: 519: 517: 513: 508: 499: 497: 493: 489: 479: 477: 473: 469: 454: 452: 448: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 422: 418: 415: 411: 407: 403: 384: 380: 377: 373: 372: 371: 370: 361: 358: 356: 353: 352: 348: 345: 343: 340: 339: 335: 332: 330: 327: 326: 322: 319: 317: 314: 313: 309: 306: 304: 301: 300: 296: 293: 291: 288: 287: 283: 281: 278: 276: 275: 267: 262: 258: 240: 236: 232: 231:visual acuity 228: 224: 214: 212: 208: 204: 193: 189: 180: 178: 177:degree of arc 174: 170: 167:With printed 164: 154: 152: 151:field of view 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 118: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 90: 88: 86: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 39: 37: 33: 25: 21: 3781: 3708:Transparency 3681:Static media 3635:Stereoscopic 3213:, retrieved 3205: 3198: 3188:, retrieved 3183: 3176: 3166:, retrieved 3162: 3152: 3142:, retrieved 3134: 3114:, retrieved 3086: 3082: 3069: 3051: 3045: 3035:, retrieved 3027: 3007:, retrieved 2999: 2992: 2982:, retrieved 2974: 2954:, retrieved 2949: 2947:Watt, W.S., 2929:, retrieved 2924: 2918: 2908:, retrieved 2900: 2893: 2883:, retrieved 2879:the original 2873: 2866: 2857: 2847: 2837:, retrieved 2829: 2809:, retrieved 2804: 2797: 2787:November 14, 2785:. Retrieved 2780: 2771: 2761:, retrieved 2757: 2732:, retrieved 2727: 2721: 2711:, retrieved 2706: 2687:, retrieved 2682: 2663:, retrieved 2658: 2639:, retrieved 2634: 2627: 2617:, retrieved 2613: 2603: 2593:, retrieved 2589: 2579: 2569:, retrieved 2565: 2555: 2545:, retrieved 2540: 2533: 2523:, retrieved 2516:the original 2507: 2501: 2493:the original 2470:, retrieved 2466:the original 2460: 2435:, retrieved 2426: 2420: 2402: 2396: 2386:, retrieved 2381: 2374: 2364:, retrieved 2359: 2352: 2342:, retrieved 2337: 2330: 2320:, retrieved 2315: 2308: 2298:, retrieved 2294: 2284: 2274:, retrieved 2269: 2262: 2252:, retrieved 2247: 2227:, retrieved 2222: 2216: 2185: 2174: 2165: 2155: 2145:, retrieved 2140: 2133: 2123:, retrieved 2114: 2108: 2098:, retrieved 2090: 2050: 2027:, retrieved 2022: 2015: 1991:, retrieved 1981:(3): 23–29, 1978: 1974: 1936:, retrieved 1924: 1920: 1907: 1897:, retrieved 1889: 1866:. Retrieved 1861: 1835:, retrieved 1827: 1820: 1810:, retrieved 1802: 1780:, retrieved 1775: 1769: 1759:, retrieved 1754: 1747: 1729:Home Theater 1680:hypothesized 1676: 1667: 1658: 1648: 1646: 1626: 1600: 1598: 1573:stereoacuity 1566: 1544: 1541: 1423: 1420: 1306: 1301:Example for 1150: 1142: 1126: 1105: 1101: 1092: 1036: 918:CRUTCHFIELD 820: 812: 598: 580: 565: 556: 540: 505: 485: 465: 447:Please note! 446: 445: 439: 420: 382: 368: 367: 359:7680 × 4320 346:3840 × 2160 333:1920 × 1080 307:(720) × 576 294:(640) × 480 284:Opti. Dist. 222: 220: 206: 199: 190: 186: 172: 166: 148: 136: 132: 128: 124: 121:Visual angle 107:video camera 96: 83: 56:visual angle 45: 29: 24:Home-theater 3672:Fog display 3645:Multiscopic 3562:Fiber-optic 3474:Quantum dot 2313:Silva, R., 1862:www.itu.int 1684:commercials 1047:Screen Size 923:Screen Size 834:Screen Size 683:Screen Size 618:Screen Size 584:videophiles 362:0.8 H 349:1.6 H 336:3.2 H 323:4.8 H 320:1280 × 720 310:6.0 H 297:7.2 H 80:resolutions 3713:Laser beam 3667:Volumetric 3627:3D display 3567:Nixie tube 3547:Split-flap 3432:generation 3406:Blue Phase 3326:generation 3273:generation 3215:2009-04-12 3190:2009-04-15 3168:2009-04-16 3144:2009-04-06 3116:2009-04-20 3037:2009-04-18 3009:2009-04-10 2984:2009-04-17 2956:2009-04-20 2931:2009-04-15 2910:2009-04-20 2885:2009-04-18 2839:2009-04-20 2811:2009-04-17 2763:2009-04-12 2734:2009-04-20 2713:2009-04-17 2689:2009-04-20 2665:2009-04-10 2641:2009-04-20 2619:2009-04-19 2595:2009-04-18 2571:2009-04-19 2547:2009-04-17 2525:2009-04-20 2472:2009-04-01 2437:2009-04-20 2388:2009-04-20 2366:2023-09-01 2344:2010-11-06 2322:2009-04-20 2300:2009-04-02 2276:2009-04-01 2267:Roth, B., 2254:2009-04-19 2229:2009-04-10 2147:2009-04-19 2125:2009-04-19 2100:2009-04-20 2029:2009-04-20 1993:2009-02-12 1938:2009-04-20 1899:2009-04-15 1868:2024-04-15 1837:2009-04-20 1812:2009-04-20 1782:2009-04-20 1761:2009-04-20 1740:References 1714:View Angle 1693:talk shows 1641:resolution 1033:THX ranges 496:Ultra HDTV 436:sweet spot 410:resolution 280:Resolution 239:resolution 161:See also: 101:and other 52:resolution 48:television 42:Background 3767:Scan line 3741:DisplayID 3698:Neon sign 3688:Monoscope 3530:Non-video 3291:Jumbotron 2783:. Toshiba 2057:5, 75, 79 1535:(inches) 1504:⁡ 1498:⋅ 1488:⋅ 1418:(inches) 1387:⁡ 1381:⋅ 1371:⋅ 1303:DVD video 1237:⁡ 1231:⋅ 1221:⋅ 1138:arcminute 1116:empirical 829:BEST BUY 559:June 2011 303:PAL SECAM 58:at which 36:immersive 3827:Category 3650:Hologram 3557:Eggcrate 3542:Flip-dot 3488:display 3469:Laser TV 3440:microLED 3370:(AMOLED) 3324:Current 3280:Eidophor 2001:citation 1703:See also 1622:laser TV 1562:academic 678:TOSHIBA 588:Best Buy 512:consumer 476:diagonal 472:websites 468:diagonal 169:graphics 93:Presence 64:presence 30:Optimum 3734:CEA-861 3364:(OLED) 3349:Gyricon 3111:6747742 3091:Bibcode 3052:The Eye 1629:bitmaps 1554:⁄ 1545:A 1998 492:Fujitsu 399:⁠ 387:⁠ 329:HD 1080 266:HD 1080 255:⁠ 243:⁠ 60:content 3618:(SISD) 3512:(TDEL) 3506:(FLCD) 3453:(OLET) 3421:(LCoS) 3380:(LCD) 3358:(LED) 3335:(QLED) 3309:(PDP) 3109: 3058: 2409: 2295:Forbes 2204: 2063: 1864:. 2023 1637:mosaic 1609:plasma 1406:112.36 1265:Where: 794:- 10.3 432:DCI 4K 428:4K UHD 424:DCI 4K 406:HD 720 376:4K UHD 355:8K UHD 342:4K UHD 316:HD 720 268:video. 235:arcmin 3789:(HDR) 3612:(FSD) 3596:(SSD) 3580:(LEC) 3574:(VFD) 3518:(LPD) 3465:(FED) 3459:(SED) 3430:Next 3415:(DLP) 3344:E Ink 3298:(ELD) 3287:(CRT) 3210:(PDF) 3139:(PDF) 3079:(PDF) 3032:(PDF) 3004:(PDF) 2979:(PDF) 2905:(PDF) 2834:(PDF) 2519:(PDF) 2512:(PDF) 2431:(PDF) 2190:(PDF) 2119:(PDF) 2095:(PDF) 1971:(PDF) 1917:(PDF) 1894:(PDF) 1832:(PDF) 1807:(PDF) 1523:49.94 1293:Excel 778:- 8.7 762:- 7.9 746:- 7.4 730:- 7.3 714:- 6.7 698:- 6.3 516:1080p 488:SMPTE 430:(the 111:image 68:ITU-R 3729:EDID 3551:Vane 3497:TMOS 3492:IMoD 3486:MEMS 3313:ALiS 3271:Past 3107:PMID 3056:ISBN 2789:2013 2407:ISBN 2202:ISBN 2061:ISBN 2007:link 1724:HDTV 1695:and 1618:LCoS 1493:1080 1464:1080 1459:1920 1347:1080 1342:1920 1042:THX 613:RCA 602:NTSC 290:NTSC 221:The 32:HDTV 3401:LED 3394:IPS 3384:TFT 3099:doi 2194:doi 1983:doi 1979:117 1929:doi 1620:or 1614:DLP 1607:or 1605:LCD 1601:too 1501:tan 1384:tan 1376:480 1234:tan 1226:CVR 1197:NVR 1192:NHR 1079:60" 1071:50" 1063:40" 1055:35" 1019:70" 1011:65" 1003:58" 995:55" 987:52" 979:50" 971:46" 963:42" 955:40" 947:37" 939:32" 931:26" 906:65" 898:60" 890:55" 882:50" 874:46" 866:42" 858:34" 850:30" 842:26" 790:6.5 787:65" 774:5.5 771:55" 758:5.0 755:50" 742:4.7 739:47" 726:4.6 723:46" 710:4.2 707:42" 694:4.0 691:40" 666:52" 658:42" 650:40" 642:32" 634:26" 626:22" 507:THX 396:3.2 390:250 246:250 211:UHD 173:not 117:). 70:), 3829:: 3389:TN 3161:, 3124:^ 3105:, 3097:, 3085:, 3081:, 3017:^ 2964:^ 2939:^ 2856:. 2819:^ 2779:. 2756:, 2742:^ 2697:^ 2673:^ 2649:^ 2612:, 2588:, 2564:, 2480:^ 2445:^ 2293:, 2237:^ 2200:. 2183:. 2164:. 2074:^ 2059:, 2037:^ 2003:}} 1999:{{ 1977:, 1973:, 1946:^ 1925:89 1923:, 1919:, 1877:^ 1860:. 1845:^ 1790:^ 1616:, 1512:60 1444:32 1433:VD 1395:60 1327:32 1316:VD 1245:60 1177:DS 1166:VD 252:50 103:3D 3247:e 3240:t 3233:v 3101:: 3093:: 3087:1 2860:. 2791:. 2210:. 2196:: 2168:. 2009:) 1985:: 1931:: 1871:. 1556:2 1552:1 1520:= 1509:1 1483:1 1480:+ 1475:2 1470:) 1453:( 1438:= 1403:= 1392:1 1366:1 1363:+ 1358:2 1353:) 1336:( 1321:= 1242:1 1216:1 1213:+ 1208:2 1203:) 1186:( 1171:= 796:′ 792:′ 780:′ 776:′ 764:′ 760:′ 748:′ 744:′ 732:′ 728:′ 716:′ 712:′ 700:′ 696:′ 572:) 566:( 561:) 557:( 547:. 421:. 393:/ 383:. 249:/ 87:"

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index