76:
89:
439:, arrived at Calabar at about 05:00 on October 17. As the ships approached the port's jetty, they initiated a bombardment of the city. Over the next two days the ships continued the bombardment, though technical difficulties and depleting stocks of ammunition caused issues for the force, preventing it from landing troops at
473:
in which he stated the situation in
Calabar was hopeless and that they were in desperate need of assistance. In the face of imminent devastation Ojukwu sent newly conscripted white mercenaries to Calabar but they came under immediate heavy Nigerian fire. After suffering unusually high casualties the
463:
while his outnumbered troops retreated to new defensive positions on the outskirts of
Calabar. Lt. Col. David Okafor replaced Oji and decided that he would not counterattack until he was re-enforced by the Biafran 7th Battalion under the command of Lt. Col. Adigio. The 7th Battalion at first refused
468:
and had been left with single-shot bolt-action rifles. After the 7th
Battalion finally accepted the task Lt. Col. Adigio was replaced with Col. Festus Akagha. On October 19 the Biafran 7th Battalion arrived in Calabar where they were met by Nigerian armored cars, which they had no answer to. Col.
458:
and was able to capture
Calabar's cement factory. Later that day the Nigerian 33rd Battalion landed on Calabar's beach, among them Col Adekunle himself. The small but stubborn Biafran resistance was overwhelmed but managed to retain control over certain parts of Calabar and its surrounding area.
513:. Col. Adekunle claimed that he could capture all three cities in two weeks but in reality it took six months and the Nigerians were unable to capture the Biafran capital of Umuahia. The Biafrans then took back the city of
361:
Prior to the invasion of
Calabar the Nigerian Army had been successful in forcing the invading Biafran Army to retreat from the Midwest Region in late September 1967 while also managing to capture the Biafran capital,
459:
Bloody hand-to-hand fighting ensued after
Nigerian troops began to enter Calabar from 3 different positions. Maj. Oji was seriously wounded during the fighting and evacuated to
489:
The day after the surrender all captured
Biafran troops were forced to give up all of their weapons. After Operation Tiger Claw the two sides were met at a stalemate until the
517:
in
January 1969. There were only minor scuffles until Nigerians captured Umuahia on December 24, 1969. The war finally ended on January 15, 1970, after the ending of
181:
126:
174:
613:
Udeagbala, Lawrence
Okechukwu (2022). "A Comparative Study of the Nigerian and Biafran Navies During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–70)".
350:
341:(October 17–19, 1967) was a military conflict between Nigerian and Biafran military forces. The battle took place in the major port of
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to rendezvous in advance of the operation. By
October 16, the naval force had assembled, including the frigate
378:, which was captured on October 7. The Nigerians now planned to use Bonny as a launchpad for invading Calabar.
353:. The aftermath was a major loss to the Biafrans because it cost the Biafrans one of their largest ports.
641:
656:
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to embark to Calabar because their machine guns had been sent to Biafran troops fighting against Major
254:
454:
Less than 24 hours later the Nigerian 8th Battalion under the command of Maj. Ochefu disembarked from
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Calabar was not completely secured and not all federal forces and supplies landed until October 23.
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8:
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324:
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The Roots and Consequences of Independence Wars: Conflicts that Changed World History
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Modern African Conflicts: An Encyclopedia of Civil Wars, Revolutions, and Terrorism
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366:, on October 4. The Nigerian 3rd Marine Division under the command of Colonel
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493:. One day after the Capture of Port Harcourt Benjamin Adekunle with Col
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On October 12, 1967, Nigerian Navy ships began sailing to the port of
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African Navies: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
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617:(1st ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 91–108.
427:. The force departed for Calabar by 14:00 that day.
451:s main gun's barrel broke and had to be replaced.
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447:was killed by shrapnel from friendly fire while
474:remaining mercenaries retreated north and fled
374:aboard numerous warships bound for the port of
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443:as originally planned. One sailor on the
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469:Akagha relayed a message to President
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582:Stapleton, Timothy J. (2022-06-30).
349:while the Biafrans were led by Maj.
13:
14:
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538:Tucker, Spencer C. (2018-03-01).
435:The Nigerian naval force, led by
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588:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 237–238.
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544:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 386–391.
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497:invaded the Biafran cities of
1:
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430:
7:
345:. The Nigerian were led by
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673:
647:Battles involving Nigeria
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145:
132:
100:
67:
31:
23:
18:
491:Capture of Port Harcourt
415:, and civilian ships MV
101:Commanders and leaders
406:seaward defence boats
392:, landing craft tank
146:Casualties and losses
339:Operation Tiger Claw
19:Operation Tiger Claw
519:Operation Tail-Wind
478:, never to return.
39:October 17–23, 1967
642:Nigerian Civil War
193:Nigerian Civil War
657:Conflicts in 1967
595:978-1-4408-6970-9
551:978-1-4408-5599-3
370:disembarked from
368:Benjamin Adekunle
347:Benjamin Adekunle
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158:
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107:Benjamin Adekunle
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62:
664:
628:
600:
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495:Murtala Mohammed
466:Muhammadu Buhari
218:Midwest Invasion
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111:Muhammadu Buhari
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59:Nigerian victory
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509:which started
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511:Operation OAU
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68:Belligerents
607:Works cited
417:Bode Thomas
255:2nd Onitsha
229:1st Onitsha
26:Biafran War
636:Categories
525:References
357:Background
240:Tiger Claw
485:Aftermath
431:Operation
326:Tail-Wind
284:Hiroshima
402:Penelope
351:Ogbo Oji
290:Blockade
133:Strength
116:Ogbo Oji
44:Location
24:Part of
507:Umuahia
461:Umuahia
437:Nigeria
423:and MV
421:Oduduwa
389:Nigeria
343:Calabar
311:Umuahia
305:Leopard
265:Abagana
213:UNICORD
154:unknown
151:unknown
141:unknown
138:unknown
118: (
82:Nigeria
49:Calabar
621:
592:
548:
515:Owerri
505:, and
499:Owerri
476:Biafra
456:Lokoja
449:Bonny'
425:Warigi
394:Lokoja
278:Owerri
95:Biafra
92:
79:
56:Result
445:Enugu
419:, MV
413:Bonny
409:Enugu
398:Ogoja
383:Bonny
376:Bonny
372:Warri
364:Enugu
234:Asaba
223:Enugu
619:ISBN
590:ISBN
546:ISBN
441:Oron
411:and
387:NNS
318:1970
297:1969
248:1968
206:1967
36:Date
503:Aba
272:OAU
121:WIA
638::
560:^
521:.
501:,
404:,
627:.
598:.
554:.
183:e
176:t
169:v
124:)
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