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beer and refusing it after complaining that the glass was too warm. Steiner got into an argument with one of Ojukwu's guards and came close to getting shot before Ojukwu stopped his guard from pulling the trigger. Far from being grateful, Steiner then turned his insults towards Ojukwu before being slapped across the face and taken out in handcuffs. Steiner was later deported to
479:
Col. Steiner was paranoid of his fellow officers and began drinking heavily to help relieve panic attacks. On 6 December 1968 President Ojukwu ordered Col. Steiner to be questioned about his retreat from
Onitsha at the State House in Umuahia. Steiner arrived drunk and belligerent, even demanding a
410:
into the city. Nigerian soldiers looted and burned the
Onitsha market to the ground, which gave the Biafrans time to re-organize and mount a counter-attack. The Biafrans managed to re-capture the city after a pincer movement from north and south devastated the Nigerian 2nd Division. After two more
470:
ordered a unit of
Biafran soldiers under the Belgian mercenary Marc Goossens to attack a Nigerian defensive position but were almost immediately forced to retreat after Goossens was shot dead. On 29 November the remaining 2,000 soldiers of the Biafran 4th Commando Brigade retreated from Onitsha,
463:, but was overruled. The operation was a full frontal attack across an open field. With no aerial support or any natural obstacles to hide behind, the attacking Biafran brigade was decimated by Nigerian machine gun fire and suffered heavy casualties.
423:. Ever since the beginning of the war, both Biafran and white mercenary officers had been struggling against each other for various reasons. In November 1968 the Biafran Gen. Alexander Madiebo and Vice President
419:
and managed to get within 20 km of
Onitsha by January 1968. On 24 March, the final battle for Onitsha lasted less than 24 hours before the Biafrans were forced to retreat to
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from the
Nigerian 2nd Division. The operation ultimately resulted in failure and ended in the deaths of numerous local and foreign mercenaries and Biafran soldiers.
226:
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was ordered to launch an offensive operation coined "Operation
Hiroshima". Steiner initially objected on the grounds that his troops were trained for
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along with 5 other mercenaries while Maj. Taffy
Williams was made commander of the 4th Commando Brigade.
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553:"#BiafraRemembranceDay: Database of Biafra War, victims and survivors by Center for Memories | NN NEWS"
299:
304:
273:
348:
262:
528:
The
Nigerian war, 1967-1970 : history of the war : selected bibliography and documents
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443:
In early
November 1968 the 4,000-strong Biafran 4th Commando Brigade moved northwards from
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failed invasion attempts, Gen. Mohammed moved north and crossed the Niger River at
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to mount an offensive against
Nigerian positions at Onitsha through open terrain.
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leaving Onitsha under complete Nigerian control for the rest of the war.
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began bombardment of Onitsha and later led a 10-boat armada across the
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415:. The Nigerian 2nd Division and 6th Battalion moved south-west from
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505:(Repr. ed.). Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publ. p. 293.
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530:. Frankfurt am Main: Bernard & Graefe. p. 83.
386:was a military operation conducted by the Biafran
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220:
603:"Thread by @cfmemories on Thread Reader App"
503:The Nigerian Revolution and the Biafran War
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579:Biafra The Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970
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431:to order the 4th Commando Brigade at
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581:. Helion & Co Ltd. p. 50.
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451:, less than 10 km outside of
402:In October 1967 the Nigerian Gen.
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551:Nistoran, Nkiruka (30 May 2021).
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37:
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501:Madiebo, Alexander A. (1980).
427:managed to convince President
1:
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58:Operation Hiroshima (Nigeria)
629:"Buratai, learn from Ojukwu"
627:Obasi, Emeka (6 June 2020).
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7:
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390:in an attempt to recapture
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633:Vanguard Newspaper Nigeria
466:The Welsh mercenary Major
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665:Battles involving Nigeria
526:Červenka, Zdenek (1971).
455:. On 15 November Colonel
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99:Decisive Nigerian victory
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33:
25:
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670:1968 in military history
577:Baxter, Peter (2014).
141:Commanders and leaders
191:Casualties and losses
388:4th Commando Brigade
607:threadreaderapp.com
384:Operation Hiroshima
73:15–29 November 1968
21:Operation Hiroshima
660:Nigerian Civil War
238:Nigerian Civil War
675:Conflicts in 1968
461:guerrilla tactics
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404:Murtala Mohammed
263:Midwest Invasion
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638:28 September
636:. Retrieved
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610:. Retrieved
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560:. Retrieved
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457:Rolf Steiner
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169:
164:Marc Goosens
156:Rolf Steiner
108:Belligerents
15:
408:Niger River
300:2nd Onitsha
274:1st Onitsha
151:Idris Garba
28:Biafran War
654:Categories
488:References
285:Tiger Claw
475:Aftermath
371:Tail-Wind
329:Hiroshima
439:Invasion
335:Blockade
178:Strength
80:Location
26:Part of
557:NN News
453:Onitsha
449:Nkwelle
445:Umuahia
433:Umuahia
398:Prelude
392:Onitsha
356:Umuahia
350:Leopard
310:Abagana
258:UNICORD
196:unknown
183:unknown
170:†
122:Nigeria
89:Nigeria
85:Onitsha
52:Onitsha
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323:Owerri
166:
135:Biafra
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119:
96:Result
482:Gabon
421:Nnewi
417:Enugu
279:Asaba
268:Enugu
199:2,000
186:4,000
640:2022
614:2022
583:ISBN
564:2022
532:ISBN
507:ISBN
413:Idah
363:1970
342:1969
293:1968
251:1967
70:Date
447:to
317:OAU
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228:e
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214:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
