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Operation Dwarka

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1911:'As Vice Admiral N. Krishnan is supposed to have said. "One of our frigates Talwar was at Okha. It is unfortunate that she could not sail forth and seek battle. Even if there was a mandate against the Navy participating in the war, no Government could blame a warship going into action, if attacked. An affront to our national honour is no joke and we cannot laugh it away by saying 'All the Pakistani's did was to kill a cow'. Let us at least create a memorial to the 'unknown cow' who died with her boots on in a battle against the Pakistan Navy."' 2036: 366: 229: 191: 249: 206: 2428: 158: 1039: 171: 373: 1799:'But the Bombayites failed to understand the lack of success by the Indian fleet, especially with sirens wailing, Jamnagar attacked and Dwarka shelled. But nonetheless, the naval bombardment of Dwarka with the Indian fleet still preparing to sail was an affront to the sailors in white, who could not understand what was holding the fleet back.' 1011:) was directed to send a team to Dwarka to assess the damage. The team found that most of the shells had fallen on the soft soil between the temple and the radio station and failed to explode. The air attack damaged a railway engine and destroyed a portion of a railway guesthouse. 1308:
57 billion or US$ 680 million in 2023). The Dwarka raid, as per an Indian historian G. M Hiranandani, led to the procurement of missile boats by the Indian Navy from the Soviet Union for the Defense of Kutch. These were subsequently used by India in
880:, its relatively weak defences and historical political prominence. The plan called for a fleet of seven naval vessels to shell the town of Dwarka. The attack was aimed at luring the heavy ships anchored in Bombay into attacking the Pakistani ships to enable the 1259:, three destroyers and two frigates. An Indian source explained this by saying that the Indian government did not want to get into a naval conflict with Pakistan, but wished to restrict the war to a land-based conflict. The failure of 965:
official version of events is that, around 23:55 hours, the Pakistani vessels fired on Dwarka for more than 20 minutes. The ships fired around 50 shells each, which included 5.25 inch rounds fired by the Pakistani cruiser
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in the 1971 war. However, he attributes the expansion of the Indian Navy in the period 1965 to 1975 to the post-1962 planned expansion of the Indian Navy with many ships being negotiated and purchased from the
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and Kashmir. To relieve pressure on the southern front, Pakistan decided to send its navy to launch a strike on the Indian coast. The primary objective of the attack ostensibly was to destroy the
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The Dwarka raid is considered by Pakistani sources as being a prime reason for the Indian Navy's subsequent post-war modernization and expansion, with an increase in budget from
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The radar installation was shelled during the bombardment but neither was the radar damaged nor were there any casualties according to Indian sources. The frigate
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For some, Operation Dwarka was a significant naval operation of the 1965 war, but others considered it a nuisance raid or of little strategic value. The
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A total of 40 unexploded shells were also recovered intact. The shells bore the mark "INDIAN ORDNANCE"; these were dated from the 1940s before the
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ceased. This was presumed to be due also to the lack of availability of the radar guidance, which Pakistan claimed was damaged in the attack.
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had issued written instructions which ordered the Indian Navy "not to proceed two hundred miles beyond Bombay nor North of the parallel of
1334:, which was based on this incident. The film was directed by Pakistani film director Qasim Jalali and it was written by Hameed Kashmiri. 1850: 2228: 2130: 714: 699: 655: 2148: 587: 1509: 694: 2468: 2397: 2327: 2238: 2233: 1994: 1791: 1737: 1707: 1673: 1446: 724: 97: 2320: 2102: 2018: 1899:"Talwar encountering contamination of her boilers due to leakage of her condensors put in at Okha for temporary repairs." 630: 52: 2478: 2294: 736: 1638: 1419: 1086: 1060: 852:
Many Pakistani sources describe the operation as at least partially successful, while many Indian ones dispute this.
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encounter active combatants on the West coast. According to Pakistani sources, the objective of diverting the
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to retaliate, then undergoing repairs to her condensers in Okha, has been lamented by Indian Vice Admiral
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on 7 and 8 September 1965. This instance was the first engagement by the Pakistan Navy in any of the
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The authors were the Defence Minister of India and his Private Secretary from 1962-65 (see pg xiii).
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beacon to guide Indian bombers. Pakistani high command also hoped to divert the operations of the
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The navy was formed in 1947 with the nation's independence from Great Britain, and fighting in
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The Indian warships harbored in Bombay were under refit and were unable to sortie, nor did
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1965 war, the inside story: Defence Minister Y.B. Chavan's diary of India-Pakistan war
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who said that no government would blame a warship going into action, if attacked. PNS
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set sail for Dwarka and bombarded the town. The bombardment continued past midnight.
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to engage and sink the Indian ships. Accordingly, a fleet of seven ships comprising
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station at Dwarka which was believed by Pakistani naval intelligence to have a
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from attacking Pakistan's southern front worked as air raids on the city of
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Donohue, H. J. (1989). "Maritime lessons from the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war".
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undergoing repairs and did not intervene. Hiranandani's history of the
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This article is about the Pakistan Navy's 1965 Operation Somnath. For
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of Operation Dwarka and the Commander of the Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK)
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Captain A Hanif – Commanding Officer of PNS Khaibar, the destroyer.
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The following is the list of commanding officers of the operation:
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South Asia's nuclear security dilemma: India, Pakistan, and China
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and Bombay coasts spotting aircraft positions when snorkeling.
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To divert the Indian Air Force's efforts away from the North.
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Transition to triumph: history of the Indian Navy, 1965–1975
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23 billion or US$ 280 million in 2023) to
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was restrained from retaliation for the Dwarka raid by the
1510:"Operation Dwarka 1965: A golden chapter in naval history" 1763: 1761: 1759: 2033: 1726:
Pradhan, R. D.; Chavan, Yashwantrao Balwantrao (2007).
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India's quest for security: defence policies, 1947–1965
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Hiranandani, Vice Adm Gulab, IN (Retd) (Spring 2002).
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Military operations of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
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Commander Muhammad Ismail – Commander Signals, PNS
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The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence
1600: 1387:was restricted to land and aerial combat missions. 820:The mission objectives of the Pakistan Navy were: 2303: 1716: 1481: 1435:Mohan, P. V. S. Jagan; Chopra, Samir (May 2005). 1187:Commander Amir Aslam – Commanding Officer of PNS 1180:Commander SZ Shamsie – Commanding Officer of PNS 2455: 1528: 1842: 1732:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 117. 1628: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1428: 1230:and a challenge to be answered by others. The 431: 2211: 2019: 1725: 1460: 1458: 683:1999 Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown 595: 417: 27:Naval Operation In Indo-Pakistani War Of 1965 1891: 1883:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1834:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1584:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 609: 1982: 1848: 1689: 1622: 1544: 1434: 1414:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 474. 1067:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2361: 2026: 2012: 1812:Qadir, Iqbal, Vice Admiral (retd) (1998). 1607:. University of California Press. p.  1455: 1408:Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (July 1999). 1407: 602: 588: 424: 410: 1655: 1087:Learn how and when to remove this message 1915: 1903: 1773: 1592: 1377: 1695: 1668:. Pearson Education India. p. 63. 1464: 14: 2456: 2098:Cabinet Committee on National Security 2092:National Assembly Committee on Defence 2007: 1960:from the original on 21 December 2021 1805: 1661: 1598: 1143:IH Malik – Commanding Officer of PNS 838:To destroy the radar installation at 769:to attack the Indian coastal town of 583: 405: 2489:Naval battles of Indo-Pakistani wars 1504: 1502: 1065:adding citations to reliable sources 1032: 1983:Hiranandani, G. M. (January 2000). 1779: 1540:, returning from Okha, joined her." 24: 1662:Ghosh, Anjali (1 September 2009). 1438:The India-Pakistan air war of 1965 1321: 25: 2500: 1786:. Lancer Publishers. p. 84. 1499: 860:On the night of 7 September, the 824:To draw heavy enemy units out of 2427: 2426: 2034: 1769:An Agosta Submarine for Pakistan 1349:Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971 1037: 1028: 371: 364: 247: 227: 204: 189: 169: 156: 1976: 1954:Pakistan Television Corporation 1942: 1933: 1924: 1747: 1328:Inter Services Public Relations 765:, was a naval operation by the 34:attack on Somnath in 1026, see 2274:Strategic Plans Division Force 1534:Hiranandani (2000), pp 34–35. 1401: 372: 133: 13: 1: 2469:September 1965 events in Asia 1814:"Pakistan and its three wars" 1558:Madan, Ramesh (Ex-Sgt, IAF). 1496:Hiranandani (2000), pp 34–35. 1394: 1198:– Commanding Officer of PNS 872:was chosen for its proximity 815: 2049:Military history of Pakistan 1939:Hiranandani (2000), pp 8–11. 1385:the first Indo-Pakistani war 1213: 1173:– Commanding Officer of PNS 1158:– Commanding Officer of PNS 855: 7: 2088:Senate Committee on Defence 1930:Hiranandani (2000), pg 326. 1897:Hiranandani (2000), pg 34. 1702:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 77. 1337: 139:Light damage to Dwarka Town 10: 2505: 2348:Pakistani Defence Industry 2234:National Command Authority 2076:Prime Minister of Pakistan 1753:Hiranandani (2000), pg 52. 1344:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 1220:Indian Ministry of Defence 782:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 436:Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 341:(Ships did not leave port) 57:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 29: 2479:Devbhoomi Dwarka district 2424: 2396: 2353:Defence Housing Authority 2340: 2282: 2256: 2178: 2139: 2111: 2103:National Security Council 2055: 2046: 1019:into India and Pakistan. 874:200 km (120 mi) 673:Bangladesh Liberation War 621: 445: 359: 346: 260: 219: 182: 149: 62: 50: 45: 1855:Naval War College Review 1696:Dittmer, Lowell (2005). 1599:Kavic, Lorne J. (1967). 1560:"The Shelling of Dwarka" 1441:. Manohar. p. 157. 1370: 1232:Chief of the Naval Staff 1126:– Commanding Officer of 864:launched its assault on 613:Indo-Pakistani conflicts 1950:"Operation Dwarka 1965" 1783:War in the Indian Ocean 983:20 km (12 mi) 975:3 km (1.9 mi) 845:To lower Indian morale. 678:1959 Canberra shootdown 240:25th Destroyer Squadron 2290:Awards and decorations 1780:Roy, Mihir K. (1995). 1665:India's Foreign Policy 1514:The News International 1332:Operation Dwarka, 1965 1013: 1007:Next morning she (INS 183:Commanders and leaders 2141:Joint Chiefs of Staff 2066:President of Pakistan 2040:Pakistan Armed Forces 1989:. Lancer Publishers. 1921:Roy (1995), pp 83–85. 1909:Roy (1995), pp 84–85. 1005: 812:away from the north. 459:Operation Desert Hawk 392:Location within India 347:Casualties and losses 2164:Chief of Naval Staff 1968:– via YouTube. 1865:on 16 September 2006 1816:. defencejournal.com 1566:. 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Archived from 1228:Parliament of India 109: /  2341:Business interests 2304:Ranks and insignia 2264:Civil Armed Forces 2159:Chief of Air Staff 2131:Defence Production 1516:. 6 September 2022 1318:prior to the war. 1115:Officer Commanding 1017:Partition of India 828:for the submarine 784:broke out between 775:Indo-Pakistan Wars 70:7–8 September 1965 2484:Jamnagar district 2451: 2450: 2392: 2391: 2336: 2335: 2252: 2251: 2244:Armed Forces Band 2174: 2173: 1996:978-1-897829-72-1 1793:978-1-897829-11-0 1739:978-81-269-0762-5 1709:978-0-7656-1419-3 1675:978-81-317-1025-8 1448:978-81-7304-641-4 1311:Operation Trident 1097: 1096: 1089: 763:Operation Somnath 755: 754: 689:Border skirmishes 577: 576: 572: 571: 400: 399: 342: 335: 323: 279: 145: 144: 84:Jamnagar district 18:Operation Somnath 16:(Redirected from 2496: 2474:1960s in Gujarat 2430: 2429: 2359: 2358: 2301: 2300: 2224:Public Relations 2209: 2208: 2109: 2108: 2072:Chief Executive 2038: 2028: 2021: 2014: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1931: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1882: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1833: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1777: 1771: 1767:Sardar FS Lodi, 1765: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1743: 1723: 1714: 1713: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1606: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1583: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1555: 1542: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1506: 1497: 1494: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1462: 1453: 1452: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1405: 1388: 1381: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1243:Defence Minister 1209:, the destroyer. 1202:, the submarine. 1191:, the destroyer. 1184:, the destroyer. 1177:, the destroyer. 1092: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1072: 1041: 1033: 984: 976: 952:Indian Air Force 875: 810:Indian Air Force 759:Operation Dwarka 656:2001–02 standoff 646:Siachen conflict 625:Kashmir conflict 616: 614: 604: 597: 590: 581: 580: 448: 447: 440: 439: 437: 426: 419: 412: 403: 402: 375: 374: 368: 340: 327: 319:PNS Tippu Sultan 283: 268: 253: 251: 250: 232: 231: 230: 209: 208: 207: 194: 193: 192: 175: 173: 172: 162: 160: 159: 124: 123: 121: 120: 119: 114: 110: 107: 106: 105: 102: 64: 63: 46:Operation Dwarka 43: 42: 21: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2454: 2453: 2452: 2447: 2420: 2388: 2357: 2332: 2299: 2278: 2248: 2239:Nursing Service 2229:Selection Board 2207: 2170: 2135: 2107: 2051: 2042: 2032: 1997: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1963: 1961: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1908: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1876: 1875: 1868: 1866: 1847: 1843: 1827: 1826: 1819: 1817: 1810: 1806: 1794: 1778: 1774: 1766: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1740: 1724: 1717: 1710: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1660: 1656: 1641: 1627: 1623: 1613: 1611: 1597: 1593: 1577: 1576: 1569: 1567: 1556: 1545: 1533: 1529: 1519: 1517: 1508: 1507: 1500: 1495: 1482: 1472: 1470: 1469:. 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980: 972: 971: 964: 963:Indian Navy's 959: 957: 953: 949: 944: 942: 941: 935: 934: 928: 927: 921: 920: 914: 913: 907: 906: 900: 899: 893: 889: 888: 883: 879: 871: 867: 863: 862:Pakistan Navy 853: 847: 844: 841: 837: 834: 833: 827: 823: 822: 821: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 778: 776: 772: 768: 767:Pakistan Navy 764: 760: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 734: 733: 732: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 692: 691: 690: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 670: 669: 668: 662: 661:2008 standoff 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 628: 627: 626: 620: 615: 605: 600: 598: 593: 591: 586: 585: 582: 566: 563: 559: 556: 555: 554: 551: 550: 549: 548: 544: 543: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 509: 508: 507: 503: 502: 497: 496:Haji Pir Pass 494: 492: 491: 487: 485: 484: 480: 479: 478: 477: 474:Kashmir Front 473: 472: 467: 466: 462: 460: 457: 456: 455: 454: 450: 449: 444: 438: 427: 422: 420: 415: 413: 408: 407: 404: 390: 381: 367: 358: 354: 351: 350: 345: 337: 333: 332: 322: 320: 316: 315: 309: 308: 302: 298: 297: 291: 290: 278: 276: 275: 265: 264: 259: 256: 245: 241: 238: 237: 236: 235: 234:Pakistan Navy 224: 223: 218: 215: 212: 202: 200: 197: 187: 186: 181: 178: 167: 165: 154: 153: 148: 138: 137: 136: 135: 131: 128: 127: 122: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 74: 73: 69: 66: 65: 61: 58: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 2411:Gang of Four 2257:Paramilitary 2219:Intelligence 1985: 1977:Bibliography 1962:. Retrieved 1944: 1935: 1926: 1917: 1910: 1905: 1898: 1893: 1879:cite journal 1867:. Retrieved 1863:the original 1858: 1854: 1844: 1818:. Retrieved 1807: 1798: 1797: 1782: 1775: 1749: 1728: 1698: 1691: 1679:. Retrieved 1664: 1657: 1630: 1624: 1612:. Retrieved 1602: 1594: 1568:. Retrieved 1563: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1518:. Retrieved 1513: 1471:. Retrieved 1437: 1430: 1410: 1403: 1379: 1363: 1355: 1331: 1325: 1316:Soviet Union 1280: 1271: 1262: 1255: 1248: 1236:Vice Admiral 1217: 1207:Tippu Sultan 1206: 1199: 1189:Tippu Sultan 1188: 1181: 1174: 1159: 1144: 1098: 1083: 1074: 1059:Please help 1047: 1021: 1014: 1008: 1006: 991: 987: 969: 960: 947: 945: 940:Tippu Sultan 939: 932: 925: 918: 911: 904: 897: 886: 878:Karachi Port 859: 851: 831: 819: 779: 762: 758: 757: 747:J&K 2019 742:Balakot 2019 730: 729: 688: 687: 666: 665: 623: 504:Punjab Front 489: 482: 464: 463: 329: 313: 306: 301:PNS Jahangir 295: 288: 284: 281:6 destroyers 273: 269: 225: 214:B. A. Samson 211:Rear Admiral 150:Belligerents 132: 118:22.23; 68.97 51:Part of the 40: 2362:Foundations 1964:5 September 1820:10 November 1570:6 September 1473:10 November 1268:N. Krishnan 1001:Indian Navy 892:Arabian Sea 641:War of 1971 636:War of 1965 325:1 submarine 255:Indian Navy 199:S. M. Anwar 116: / 2458:Categories 2432:Categories 2083:Parliament 2056:Leadership 1869:8 November 1681:8 November 1614:8 November 1395:References 1239:B.S. Soman 1194:Commander 1182:Shah Jahan 1169:Commander 1156:KM Hussain 1154:Commander 1107:S.M. Anwar 979:lighthouse 933:Shah Jahan 835:to attack. 816:Objectives 651:Kargil War 537:Asal Uttar 490:Grand Slam 307:Shah Jahan 2440:Air Force 2398:Criticism 2328:Air Force 2283:Personnel 2203:Air Force 2124:Secretary 2112:Ministers 1649:0158-3751 1467:"History" 1362:PNS  1354:PNS  1326:In 1998, 1302:115 crore 1261:INS  1224:Porbandar 1214:Aftermath 1164:destroyer 1141:Commander 1128:PNS Babur 1124:MAK Lodhi 1104:Commodore 1048:does not 997:Okha Port 977:from the 931:PNS  924:PNS  910:PNS  903:PNS  896:PNS  882:submarine 876:from the 856:Operation 830:PNS  806:Huff-Duff 483:Gibraltar 331:PNS Ghazi 312:PNS  305:PNS  294:PNS  287:PNS  272:PNS  196:Commodore 134:Aftermath 32:Ghaznavid 2179:Services 2149:Chairman 1958:Archived 1830:cite web 1580:cite web 1338:See also 1160:Jahangir 919:Jahangir 868:shores. 790:Pakistan 737:LoC 2016 527:Chawinda 522:Phillora 261:Strength 164:Pakistan 75:Location 2321:Marines 2196:Marines 2119:Defence 1956:(PTV). 1520:2 March 1276:Kachchh 1249:Vikrant 1175:Alamgir 1149:frigate 1121:Captain 1069:removed 1054:sources 956:Karachi 926:Alamgir 905:Khaibar 794:Kashmir 780:As the 731:Strikes 720:2020–21 710:2016–18 705:2014–15 553:Air War 517:Ichogil 451:Gujarat 338:unknown 314:Alamgir 289:Khaibar 104:68°58′E 101:22°14′N 88:Gujarat 55:of the 1993:  1790:  1736:  1706:  1672:  1647:  1637:  1538:Talwar 1445:  1418:  1364:Hangor 1263:Talwar 1162:, the 1147:, the 1130:, the 1009:Talwar 992:Talwar 985:away. 870:Dwarka 840:Dwarka 826:Bombay 798:Punjab 771:Dwarka 532:Dograi 465:Dwarka 380:Dwarka 252:  174:  161:  129:Result 80:Dwarka 2295:Women 1371:Notes 1356:Ghazi 1290:crore 1272:Ghazi 1256:Delhi 1200:Ghazi 970:Babur 948:Ghazi 898:Babur 887:Ghazi 832:Ghazi 802:radar 792:over 786:India 545:Other 512:Burki 274:Babur 177:India 92:India 2444:Navy 2436:Army 2316:Navy 2311:Army 2191:Navy 2186:Army 1991:ISBN 1966:2020 1885:link 1871:2011 1836:link 1822:2011 1788:ISBN 1734:ISBN 1704:ISBN 1683:2011 1670:ISBN 1645:ISSN 1635:ISBN 1616:2011 1586:link 1572:2020 1522:2024 1475:2011 1443:ISBN 1416:ISBN 1254:INS 1247:INS 1145:Badr 1052:any 1050:cite 990:INS 968:PNS 961:The 938:PNS 936:and 917:PNS 912:Badr 885:PNS 788:and 725:2023 715:2019 700:2013 695:2011 355:None 352:None 296:Badr 67:Date 1609:190 1288:35 1111:OTC 1063:by 2460:: 2442:• 2438:• 1952:. 1881:}} 1877:{{ 1859:LV 1857:. 1853:. 1832:}} 1828:{{ 1796:. 1758:^ 1718:^ 1643:. 1582:}} 1578:{{ 1562:. 1546:^ 1512:. 1501:^ 1483:^ 1457:^ 1234:, 1113:– 1109:, 929:, 922:, 915:, 908:, 901:, 777:. 317:, 310:, 303:, 299:, 292:, 90:, 86:, 82:, 2446:) 2434:( 2027:e 2020:t 2013:v 1999:. 1887:) 1873:. 1838:) 1824:. 1742:. 1712:. 1685:. 1651:. 1618:. 1588:) 1574:. 1524:. 1477:. 1451:. 1424:. 1306:₹ 1300:₹ 1295:₹ 1285:₹ 1166:. 1151:. 1134:. 1090:) 1084:( 1079:) 1075:( 1071:. 1057:. 842:. 603:e 596:t 589:v 425:e 418:t 411:v 334:) 328:( 321:) 285:( 277:) 270:( 38:. 20:)

Index

Operation Somnath
Ghaznavid
Sack of Somnath
naval conflict
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Dwarka
Jamnagar district
Gujarat
India
22°14′N 68°58′E / 22.23°N 68.97°E / 22.23; 68.97
Aftermath
Pakistan
India
Commodore
S. M. Anwar
Rear Admiral
B. A. Samson
Pakistan Navy
25th Destroyer Squadron
Indian Navy
PNS Babur
PNS Khaibar
PNS Badr
PNS Jahangir
PNS Shah Jahan
PNS Alamgir
PNS Tippu Sultan
PNS Ghazi
Dwarka is located in India
Dwarka

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