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operation, he (Littman) himself did not know that he was working for the Mossad. He thought he was working for the Jewish Agency and that the masses of children and parents who were knocking at the door of his office in
Casablanca had come to him in response to advertisements that had been published in the Moroccan press. In fact, hardly a single Jew had seen those notices. They were important only for the cover. The parents and children came to him as a result of our secret work, going from door to door and to reach the members of the community." These were the last of Moroccan immigrants in this country before the gates were closed to Jewish emigration.
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Muslim groups in August – the Jewish children left
Morocco in five convoys from 26 June to 24 July under the guise of a supposed holiday in Switzerland (with Littman accompanying the last convoy), and from Switzerland went to Israel. In all, Littman assisted in evacuating 530 Jewish children to Israel without the authorities realizing his goal. With the agreement of the Moroccan authorities he used special 'collective passports' and four months later this system was accepted by King
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Well, it is a belated ceremony, but it doesn't lose its value, because what you did stands on its own legs and is not affected by time.... he saving of 530 children is, I imagine, the most moving experience a man can have. You say in Hebrew: 'The one who saves one life, is like the one that saved the
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Meanwhile, Mossad agents Gad Shahar and Pinhas Katsir moved from house to house in
Casablanca and persuaded the children's parents to allow their children to go to Israel without them with the risk that the Moroccan authorities might find out. According to Shahar, "Throughout the entire length of the
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25th anniversary of
Operation Mural in 1986 was held in Ashkelon Conference of the children who came. The conference brought together the couple with grown-up children Littman and Littman, won an award for his work. After months of negotiation by Littman with the authorities – including holidays for
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A year later the Israel
Intelligence and Commemoration Center (MLM) honored Littman in a ceremony on 1 July 2009, when the "Hero of Silence" Order was conferred on him, he being the 9th person to receive it since 1985 ("An order of highest esteem and appreciation, awarded to David Gerald Littman: A
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was "Mural", and the code name for the mission was "Operation Mural". After months of negotiation by
Littman, the children left Morocco in five convoys under the guise of a supposed holiday in Switzerland (with Littman accompanying the last convoy), and from Switzerland went to Israel. In all, he
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life of the whole world.' But when you save 530 children, it's really unforgettable. I want to express, on behalf of our people, our nation, our recognition of your courage, your wisdom, of your determination under extremely difficult conditions.
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393:. Mossad agents then worked in the Jewish community to find families interested in emigration. Once there, the Jewish children would be flown to Israel instead of returning to Morocco.
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honored
Littman at a Presidential residence special commemorative event with his wife and family and former key Mossad agents in attendance, In his brief address, Peres said:
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government restricted Jewish emigration out of the country. In response, the
Israeli government tasked Mossad with facilitating such emigration, using
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612:"Conferring the "Hero of Silence" Order on David G. Littman; "Operation Mural": Casablanca 1961; Presentation by President Shimon Peres"
389:– the Organization for the Rescue of Children – an offer was made to the Moroccan government to take Moroccan children on a vacation in
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means. The Mossad initially organized illegal departures by boats, but that effort came to a halt in 1961 after the
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clandestine warrior, who risked his life and who served a sacred cause of the People and of the State of Israel").
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assisted in evacuating 530 Jewish children to Israel. The children's families joined them several years later.
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in an agreement for the exodus of 100,000 Jews from 1962 to 1964 in what became known as the Mossad's "
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disaster, in which a ship carrying 44 immigrants capsized, drowning all passengers.
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An article about
Operation Mural by Shmuel Segev was published in the magazine
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volunteered for the mission. Littman thought he was working for the
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A new approach was then implemented: Working with the Swiss-based
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648:"Mossad : Shimon Peres reçoit David Littman... (Drzz)"
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office of the Geneva-based international NGO for children
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in 1984. Littman's work was then recognized by
President
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After gaining independence from France in 1956, the
526:/ article stored at the Nederlands Gesprek Centrum
414:Ĺ’uvre de Secours aux Enfants de l'Afrique du Nord
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16:1961 transfer of Moroccan Jews to Israel
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55:History of the Jews under Muslim rule
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356:Migration of Moroccan Jews to Israel
732:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
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455:On June 1, 2008, Israeli President
334:was a clandestine effort headed by
32:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
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14:
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683:Sheleg, Yair (17 December 2007).
517:Dacey, Austin (3 December 2008).
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278:Expulsions and exoduses of Jews
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618:. July 1, 2009. Archived from
108:Antisemitism in the Arab world
1:
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387:Ĺ’uvre de secours aux enfants
288:Historical Jewish population
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727:Jews and Judaism in Morocco
685:"Codename: Operation Mural"
666:"Codename: Operation Mural"
10:
773:
492:, by Yair Sheleg, 17.12.07
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573:"The Moroccan connection"
486:Codename: Operation Mural
752:Israel–Morocco relations
293:Islamic–Jewish relations
757:Antisemitism in Morocco
737:Clandestine operations
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261:The Forgotten Refugees
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82:Arab–Israeli conflict
448:and later President
616:New English Review
578:The Jerusalem Post
222:Hurum air disaster
722:Aliyah operations
717:Mossad operations
519:"Sensitive Words"
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162:Exodus by country
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532:on 25 April 2012
528:. Archived from
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435:Operation Yakhin
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180:Operation Yachin
134:Oujda and Jerada
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472:In March 2009,
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175:Operation Mural
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581:. 22 June 2009
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416:(OSSEAN). His
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694:. Retrieved
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624:. Retrieved
620:the original
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583:. Retrieved
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530:the original
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457:Shimon Peres
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450:Shimon Peres
446:Chaim Herzog
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342:children to
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139:Tripolitania
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626:January 13,
536:21 November
391:Switzerland
366:clandestine
232:Remembrance
97:Six-Day War
92:Suez Crisis
711:Categories
696:12 January
480:References
410:Casablanca
350:Background
47:Background
431:Hassan II
418:code name
396:In 1961,
362:Moroccan
218:Tunisia
87:1948 war
60:Sephardi
24:a series
22:Part of
690:Haaretz
670:Haaretz
490:Haaretz
209:Lebanon
170:Morocco
154:Tripoli
149:Baghdad
77:Zionism
65:Mizrahi
585:10 May
442:Maariv
406:Mossad
344:Israel
336:Mossad
283:Aliyah
245:JIMENA
124:Aleppo
118:Farhud
70:Yemeni
524:Trouw
255:WOJAC
204:Egypt
194:Yemen
144:Cairo
698:2010
628:2010
587:2010
538:2011
371:Egoz
250:JJAC
214:Iran
199:Iraq
186:Egoz
129:Aden
437:".
384:NGO
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614:.
595:^
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546:^
521:.
499:^
488:,
346:.
26:on
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672:.
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630:.
589:.
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320:e
313:t
306:v
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