27:
2416:
332:
2426:
628:
642:
370:
was an entertainment that was both made for and depicted kings and nobility, opera buffa was made for and depicted common people with more common problems. High-flown language was generally avoided in favor of dialogue that the lower class would relate to, often in the local dialect, and the stock
575:
deals with gods and ancient heroes and only occasionally contained comic scenes, opera buffa involves the predominant use of comic scenes, characters, and plot lines in a contemporary setting. The traditional model for
265:
is the French term for the
Italian genre of opera buffa (comic opera) performed in 18th-century France, either in the original language or in French translation. It was also applied to original French
975:
775:
689:
342:
Comic characters had been a part of opera until the early 18th century, when opera buffa began to emerge as a separate genre, an early precursor having been the operatic comedy,
725:
131:
530:
whose vocal skills, largely confined to clear articulation and the ability to "patter", must also extend to the baritone for the purposes of comic duets.
300:
518:
in 1843. With
Rossini, a standard distribution of four characters is reached: a prima donna soubrette (soprano or mezzo); a light, amorous tenor; a
508:. Here, the forms were freer and less extended than in the serious genre and the set numbers were linked by recitativo secco, the exception being
170:). High points in this history are the 80 or so libretti by Carlindo Grolo, Loran Glodici, Sogol Cardoni and various other approximate
732:
155:(1850) to be the first and last appearances of the genre, although the term is still occasionally applied to newer work (for example
1566:
1044:
931:. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 1999. (reviewed in: Stevens, Jane R. "Shifting Focus to Mozart's Operas".
406:(1710â1736), is the one intermezzo still performed with any regularity today, and provides an excellent example of the style.
996:
796:
710:
1145:
387:
was particularly influential in Naples, creating a popular model due to its use of both Tuscan and
Neapolitan dialects.
2455:
877:
118:
595:), presenting comic scenes and situations as earlier stated and using the lower male voices to the exclusion of the
684:
394:
that were performed in between acts of opera seria. There also existed, however, self-contained operatic comedies.
2384:
828:
580:
had three acts, dealt with serious subjects in mythical settings, as stated above, and used high voices (both
305:
1961:
1780:
1634:
1005:
897:
1559:
403:
229:
136:
835:
1037:
933:
2215:
1455:
1131:
1714:
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in 1786 which added drama and pathos. Another example of
Romantic opera buffa would be Donizetti's
431:
1996:
1863:
1388:
980:
780:
694:
608:
591:
In contrast, the model that generally held for opera buffa was having two acts (as, for example,
449:
179:
1012:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 1997. (reviewed in: Baker, Nicole. "Untitled".
366:. It was, in part, intended as a genre that the common man could relate to more easily. Whereas
294:
2364:
1848:
1765:
1552:
607:
who was the center of most of the comic action. (A well-known basso buffo role is
Leporello in
554:
548:
408:
142:
106:
was at first characterized by everyday settings, local dialects, and simple vocal writing (the
31:
1497:
1112:
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788:
702:
2460:
2070:
1986:
1699:
1437:
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1030:
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In the early 18th century, comic operas often appeared as short, one-act interludes known as
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127:
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1843:
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110:
is the associated voice type), the main requirement being clear diction and facility with
8:
1709:
824:
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748:
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273:
191:
187:
2120:
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1981:
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47:
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1214:
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146:
99:
26:
956:
Platoff, John (1992). "How
Original Was Mozart? Evidence from "Opera Buffa"."
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205:
156:
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2040:
1802:
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354:
111:
107:
64:
1374:
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2080:
2001:
1991:
1894:
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1071:
391:
331:
251:
241:
223:
94:
in the first half of the 18th century, whence its popularity spread to
962:: vol. 20, no. 1. Oxford University Press, February 1992. pp. 105â117.
2379:
2011:
1674:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1431:
1381:
1279:
217:
1919:
856:(Opera Classics Library Series). Grand Rapids: Opera Journeys, 2005.
425:
Apart from
Pergolesi, the first major composers of opera buffa were
2294:
2165:
1939:
1619:
1589:
1525:
1511:
1448:
1368:
1242:
1186:
1119:
1018:, second series, vol. 56, no. 1 (September 1999) pp. 138â140.)
596:
585:
277:
211:
161:
1292:
524:
or baritone capable of lyrical, mostly ironical expression; and a
2319:
2103:
1504:
581:
171:
2247:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1909:
1904:
1659:
1624:
1575:
1022:
561:
543:
458:
454:
91:
2309:
2170:
1639:
1614:
1207:
533:
The type of comedy could vary, and the range was great: from
491:, 1792). The genre declined in the mid-19th century, despite
60:
641:
418:(1735), by Pergolesi as well, are examples of the three-act
1644:
95:
63:. It was first used as an informal description of Italian
1669:
1544:
358:, and arose in reaction to the so-called first reform of
371:
characters were often derived from those of the
Italian
221:
differed as well in having spoken dialogue in place of
588:) for principal characters, often even for monarchs.
461:. The work of these was then resumed and expanded by
352:, in 1679. Opera buffa was a parallel development to
623:
504:
The importance of opera buffa diminished during the
811:Both operas by Pergolesi were originally styled a
599:. This led to the creation of the characteristic "
338:, one of the first major composers of opera buffa
228:, although one of the most influential examples,
2442:
818:
937:, vol. 35, no. 1 (Fall 2001) pp. 160â162.)
929:in Mozart's Vienna: A Poetics of Entertainment
779:. Revised by Francesca Seller (8th ed.).
1560:
1038:
812:
773:Jackman, James L. (2001). "Sabini , Nicola".
525:
519:
395:
315:), and is sometimes confused with the French
233:
973:(2001). "Opera buffa (It.: 'comic opera')".
920:. New York, Columbia University Press, 1965.
743:Notably André-Guillaume Contant d'Orville (
90:Especially associated with developments in
1567:
1553:
1045:
1031:
269:having Italianate or near-farcical plots.
733:International Music Score Library Project
67:variously classified by their authors as
16:Italian opera genre associated with humor
330:
25:
989:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.43721
952:The Oxford illustrated History of Opera
817:by their own librettos (to be precise,
789:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.24234
772:
760:
703:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.43699
683:
666:
664:
250:in Paris as an adaptation without sung
2443:
197:Similar foreign genres such as French
1548:
1026:
727:Le voyage de MM. Dunanan pĂšre et fils
542:in 1816 which was purely comedic, to
313:Le voyage de MM. Dunanan pĂšre et fils
46:
661:
186:collaborations, and the comedies of
52:
13:
942:World Book Online Reference Center
886:
14:
2472:
755:) used the term as a synonym for
562:Relation to and differences from
119:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
2424:
2415:
2414:
1052:
640:
626:
272:The term was also later used by
257:
244:, not opera buffa), sparked the
1010:Opera Buffa in Mozart's Vienna
870:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
859:
844:
805:
766:
737:
719:
677:
453:, 1754), all of them based in
1:
654:
7:
827:as regards the former): cf
745:Histoire de l'opéra bouffon
619:
404:Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
10:
2477:
1574:
934:Eighteenth-Century Studies
326:
18:
2456:Italian opera terminology
2410:
2275:
2183:
2089:
1954:
1872:
1836:
1829:
1820:
1723:
1692:
1683:
1582:
1060:
687:(2001). "Opéra bouffon".
1146:ComĂ©die mĂȘlĂ©e d'ariettes
918:A Short History of Opera
685:Bartlet, M. Elizabeth C.
132:Francesco Antonio Tullio
19:Not to be confused with
1864:Theatre of ancient Rome
1008:; Hunter, Mary (1997).
981:Oxford University Press
909:(subscription required)
819:
781:Oxford University Press
695:Oxford University Press
674:(Schirmer 1970) p. 103.
450:Il filosofo di campagna
48:[ËÉËperaËbuffa]
1132:Comédie en vaudevilles
813:
549:The Marriage of Figaro
526:
520:
396:
339:
234:
36:
2071:Theatre of the Absurd
1438:Science fiction opera
1425:Schauspiel mit Gesang
923:Hunter, Mary (1999),
907:sections 7–10.
868:; West, Ewan (1992),
853:The Barber of Seville
820:commeddeja pe mmuseca
593:The Barber of Seville
539:The Barber of Seville
488:Il matrimonio segreto
432:Il trionfo dell'onore
334:
247:querelle des bouffons
128:Michelangelo Faggioli
29:
2046:Shakespearean comedy
1844:Ancient Greek comedy
427:Alessandro Scarlatti
350:Alessandro Stradella
336:Alessandro Scarlatti
295:GeneviĂšve de Brabant
152:Crispino e la comare
85:divertimento giocoso
1498:Tragédie en musique
1192:Fairy-tale opera /
1113:BĂŒhnenweihfestspiel
905:Oxford Music Online
830:Lo frate ânnamorato
814:commedia per musica
747:, Amsterdam, 1768,
603:", a specialist in
420:commedia per musica
409:Lo frate 'nnamorato
289:Le pont des soupirs
73:commedia per musica
2034:Comédie larmoyante
2029:Sentimental comedy
2024:Restoration comedy
1987:Commedia dell'arte
1859:Corral de comedias
1389:Pastorale héroïque
976:Grove Music Online
900:Grove Music Online
850:Fisher, Burton D.
776:Grove Music Online
690:Grove Music Online
670:Patrick J. Smith:
555:The Elixir of Love
473:Giovanni Paisiello
445:Baldassare Galuppi
381:Il mondo abbattuto
377:scherzo drammatico
373:commedia dell'arte
345:Il Trespolo tutore
340:
69:commedia in musica
37:
35:, 1832 opera buffa
2438:
2437:
2216:Musical comedians
2179:
2178:
1977:Comedy of manners
1972:Comedy of humours
1962:Boulevard theatre
1950:
1949:
1854:Comédie-Italienne
1849:Comédie-Française
1816:
1815:
1542:
1541:
1181:Dramma per musica
1160:Dramma eroicomico
998:978-1-56159-263-0
798:978-1-56159-263-0
712:978-1-56159-263-0
483:Domenico Cimarosa
437:Nicola Logroscino
379:(dramatic jest),
364:Pietro Metastasio
283:Orphée aux enfers
274:Jacques Offenbach
192:Gaetano Donizetti
188:Gioachino Rossini
51:, "comic opera";
2468:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2365:Self-referential
1982:Comedy of menace
1834:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1690:
1689:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1413:Romantische Oper
1396:Posse mit Gesang
1174:Dramma pastorale
1047:
1040:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1002:
979:(8th ed.).
910:
880:
863:
857:
848:
842:
822:
816:
809:
803:
802:
770:
764:
741:
735:
731:: Scores at the
723:
717:
716:
693:(8th ed.).
681:
675:
668:
650:
645:
644:
636:
631:
630:
629:
529:
523:
501:staged in 1893.
463:NiccolĂČ Piccinni
401:
398:La serva padrona
309:
301:Le roman comique
276:for five of his
239:
236:La serva padrona
140:
59:) is a genre of
54:
50:
45:
32:L'elisir d'amore
2476:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2406:
2271:
2253:Animated sitcom
2175:
2141:Musical theatre
2091:
2085:
2061:Stand-up comedy
2007:One-person show
1997:Improvisational
1946:
1868:
1812:
1766:Science fiction
1719:
1679:
1600:Comedy festival
1578:
1573:
1543:
1538:
1356:Opera semiseria
1201:Fait historique
1139:Comédie lyrique
1106:BĂŒhnenfestspiel
1099:Ballet héroïque
1085:Azione teatrale
1056:
1051:
1021:
999:
965:
925:The Culture of
908:
889:
887:Further reading
884:
883:
864:
860:
849:
845:
810:
806:
799:
771:
767:
742:
738:
724:
720:
713:
682:
678:
669:
662:
657:
646:
639:
632:
627:
625:
622:
567:
506:Romantic period
329:
303:
267:opéras comiques
260:
134:
77:dramma bernesco
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2474:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2436:
2435:
2433:
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2422:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
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2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
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2337:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2312:
2307:
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2297:
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2287:
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2279:
2273:
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2260:
2255:
2245:
2240:
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2220:
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2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2121:Comédie-ballet
2118:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:Street theatre
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
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1969:
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1743:
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1687:
1681:
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1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1595:Comedic device
1592:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1537:
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1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1359:
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1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1215:Festa teatrale
1211:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1167:Dramma giocoso
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1066:Acte de ballet
1061:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1027:
1020:
1019:
1006:Webster, James
1003:
997:
971:Budden, Julian
963:
954:
945:
938:
921:
911:
890:
888:
885:
882:
881:
858:
843:
804:
797:
765:
736:
718:
711:
676:
672:The Tenth Muse
659:
658:
656:
653:
652:
651:
637:
621:
618:
566:
560:
521:basso cantante
493:Giuseppe Verdi
441:Il governatore
328:
325:
259:
256:
147:Federico Ricci
100:northern Italy
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2473:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:Ventriloquism
2395:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:Observational
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Opéra comique
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Opéra bouffon
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Café-chantant
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
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1635:Impressionist
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1605:Comedy troupe
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1533:Zwischenspiel
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1351:
1350:
1349:Opéra lyrique
1346:
1344:
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1337:
1336:
1335:Opéra comique
1332:
1330:
1329:
1328:Opéra bouffon
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1269:Literaturoper
1266:
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1254:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
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1233:
1231:
1230:
1229:GĂ©nero grande
1226:
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1153:Drame lyrique
1150:
1148:
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1143:
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1140:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:Chamber opera
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949:
948:Parker, Roger
946:
943:
940:Opera buffa.
939:
936:
935:
930:
926:
922:
919:
915:
914:Grout, Donald
912:
906:
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895:
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879:
878:0-19-869164-5
875:
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867:
866:Warrack, John
862:
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831:
826:
821:
815:
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794:
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769:
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757:opéra comique
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385:Nicola Sabini
382:
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360:Apostolo Zeno
357:
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324:
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317:opéra comique
314:
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297:
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285:
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279:
275:
270:
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264:
263:Opéra bouffon
258:Opéra bouffon
255:
253:
249:
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243:
240:(which is an
238:
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200:opéra comique
195:
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176:Carlo Goldoni
173:
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167:Schwergewicht
164:
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81:dramma comico
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
49:
41:
34:
33:
28:
22:
2461:Opera genres
2258:Black sitcom
2238:Mockumentary
2155:
2146:Opéra bouffe
2114:Café-théùtre
2099:Ballad opera
2017:Harlequinade
1967:Comedy-drama
1746:Mockumentary
1630:Impersonator
1610:Comic timing
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1430:
1423:
1411:
1407:Rescue opera
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1342:Opéra féerie
1340:
1333:
1326:
1321:Opéra bouffe
1319:
1313:
1312:
1307:Opéra-ballet
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1267:
1260:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1222:GĂ©nero chico
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1193:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1092:Ballad opera
1090:
1083:
1078:Azione sacra
1076:
1064:
1054:Opera genres
1013:
1009:
974:
967:Weiss, Piero
957:
951:
941:
932:
928:
924:
917:
904:
899:
898:"Mozart" in
894:Eisen, Cliff
869:
861:
851:
846:
836:
829:
807:
774:
768:
761:Bartlet 2001
756:
744:
739:
726:
721:
688:
679:
671:
648:Opera portal
634:Italy portal
613:Don Giovanni
611:
592:
590:
577:
570:
568:
563:
553:
547:
537:
532:
515:Don Pasquale
513:
503:
496:
486:
481:, 1789) and
476:
466:
448:
443:, 1747) and
440:
430:
424:
419:
413:
407:
389:
380:
376:
367:
353:
343:
341:
321:opéra bouffe
312:
299:
293:
287:
281:
271:
261:
245:
222:
216:
210:
206:ballad opera
204:
198:
196:
178:, the three
165:
160:
157:Ernst Krenek
150:
141:, 1706) and
123:
117:
116:
103:
89:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:comic operas
56:
39:
38:
30:
21:Opéra bouffe
2451:Opera buffa
2326:Documentary
2322:(dry humor)
2285:Alternative
2263:Teen sitcom
2156:Opera buffa
2131:Light music
2126:Comedy club
2076:Tragicomedy
2041:Shadow play
1419:Savoy opera
1402:Radio opera
1363:Opera seria
1314:Opera buffa
1300:Opera ballo
1262:Liederspiel
1236:Grand opera
1194:MĂ€rchenoper
959:Early Music
927:opera buffa
837:Il Flaminio
729:(Offenbach)
601:basso buffo
578:opera seria
572:opera seria
564:opera seria
527:basso buffo
468:La Cecchina
415:Il Flaminio
412:(1732) and
375:. The 1701
368:opera seria
355:opera seria
304: [
252:recitatives
135: [
108:basso buffo
57:opere buffe
40:Opera buffa
2445:Categories
2233:Television
2136:Music hall
2081:Vaudeville
2002:Macchietta
1992:Double act
1901:Indonesia
1895:Mo lei tau
1891:Hong Kong
1885:Xiangsheng
1756:Remarriage
1665:Visual gag
1655:Punch line
1650:Prank call
1519:Zauberoper
1443:Semi-opera
1286:Musikdrama
1275:Melodramma
1256:Intermezzo
1072:Afterpiece
825:Neapolitan
655:References
402:(1733) by
392:intermezzi
242:intermezzo
224:recitativo
215:or German
209:, Spanish
203:, English
130:, text by
126:(music by
122:considers
2380:Slapstick
2305:Christian
2300:Character
2277:Subgenres
2092:and dance
2012:Pantomime
1798:Slapstick
1771:Screwball
1675:Word play
1491:Tonadilla
1484:Syngespil
1477:Spieloper
1470:Songspiel
1463:Singspiel
1432:Schuloper
1382:Pasticcio
1280:Monodrama
1250:IntermĂšde
896:, et al.
558:of 1832.
535:Rossini's
510:Donizetti
471:, 1760),
435:, 1718),
278:operettas
230:Pergolesi
218:Singspiel
2420:Category
2355:Physical
2166:Operetta
1940:Sarugaku
1808:Thriller
1700:American
1620:Humorist
1590:Comedian
1526:Zeitoper
1512:Zarzuela
1456:Serenata
1449:Sepolcro
1375:Opérette
1369:Operetta
1243:Handlung
1187:Duodrama
1120:Burletta
620:See also
609:Mozart's
597:castrati
586:castrati
582:sopranos
498:Falstaff
212:zarzuela
184:Da Ponte
172:anagrams
162:Zeitoper
124:La Cilla
44:Italian:
2392:Surreal
2320:Deadpan
2206:Hip hop
2104:Cabaret
1830:Country
1822:Theatre
1786:Mexican
1781:Italian
1761:Romance
1736:Fantasy
1715:Italian
1705:British
1693:Country
1505:Verismo
944:. 2008.
753:Vol. II
327:History
2430:Portal
2402:Zombie
2385:Topics
2345:Insult
2340:Horror
2315:Cringe
2248:Sitcom
2211:Parody
1935:Rakugo
1930:Owarai
1925:Manzai
1920:KyĆgen
1916:Japan
1910:Ludruk
1905:Lenong
1837:Europe
1803:Stoner
1793:Silent
1751:Parody
1741:Horror
1731:Action
1710:French
1660:Satire
1625:Humour
1583:Topics
1576:Comedy
995:
876:
839:, 1735
832:, 1732
795:
749:Vol. I
709:
605:patter
569:While
544:Mozart
459:Venice
455:Naples
180:Mozart
112:patter
92:Naples
2370:Shock
2310:Clown
2290:Black
2243:Roast
2228:Radio
2223:Novel
2196:Album
2191:Music
2184:Media
2171:Revue
2090:Music
1955:Genre
1880:China
1724:Genre
1640:Irony
1615:Farce
1293:Opéra
1208:Farsa
1015:Notes
348:, by
308:]
226:secco
143:Luigi
139:]
104:buffa
61:opera
2375:Sick
2360:Prop
2331:High
2295:Blue
2201:Rock
2056:Spex
1873:Asia
1685:Film
1645:Joke
993:ISBN
874:ISBN
834:and
793:ISBN
751:and
707:ISBN
584:and
478:Nina
362:and
319:and
311:and
190:and
145:and
98:and
96:Rome
2335:low
1776:Sex
1670:Wit
985:doi
823:in
785:doi
699:doi
616:.)
546:'s
512:'s
495:'s
457:or
383:by
232:'s
174:of
159:'s
53:pl.
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663:^
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306:fr
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42:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
