102:
The data structures of OntoLex-Lemon are comparable with those of other dictionary formats (see related vocabularies below). The innovative element about OntoLex-Lemon is that it provides such a data model as an RDF vocabulary, as this enables novel use cases that are based on web technologies rather
61:
lexical entry: unit of analysis of the lexicon, groups together one or more forms and one or more senses, resp. concepts. Can provide additional morphosyntactic information, e.g., one part of speech. Note that every lexical entry can have at most one part of speech, for representing groups of lexical
462:
Challenges for the
Representation of Morphology in Ontology Lexicons, in: Kosem, I., Zingano Kuhn, T., Correia, M., Ferreria, J. P., Jansen, M., Pereira, I., Kallas, J., JakubĂÄŤek, M., Krek, S. & Tiberius, C. (eds.) 2019. Electronic lexicography in the 21st century. Proceedings of the eLex 2019
107:
in this role, as the (Linguistic) Linked Open Data community strongly encourages to reuse existing vocabularies and as of Dec 2019, OntoLex-Lemon is the only established (i.e., published by W3C or another standardization initiative) vocabulary for its purpose. This is also reflected in recent
360:
Fiorelli, Manuel; Stellato, Armando; McCrae, John P.; Cimiano, Philipp; Pazienza, Maria Teresa (2015). "LIME: The
Metadata Module for OntoLex". In Gandon, Fabien; Sabou, Marta; Sack, Harald; d’Amato, Claudia; Cudré-Mauroux, Philippe; Zimmermann, Antoine (eds.).
46:. Since its publication as a W3C Community report in 2016, it serves as ``a de facto standard to represent ontology-lexica on the Web´´. OntoLex-Lemon is a revision of the Lemon vocabulary originally proposed by McCrae et al. (2011).
126:
OntoLex-Lemon Module for
Frequency, Attestation and Corpus Information, as of Dec 2019 under development, aims to facilitate uses of OntoLex-Lemon in computational lexicography and natural language processing
201:
OntoLex development is regularly addressed in scientific events dedicated to ontologies, linked data or lexicography. Since 2017, a designated workshop series on the OntoLex module is conducted biannually.
129:
Updates to LexInfo: LexInfo provides data categories for OntoLex-Lemon data. The current version is
Lexinfo 3.0, older versions (prior to 2019) still depended on the older Monnet-Lemon vocabulary.
1086:
LiLa: Linking Latin. A Knowledge Base of
Linguistic Resources and NLP Tools. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019), Leipzig, Germany, 20-23 May 2019
50:
804:
McCrae, John P.; Bond, Francis; Buitelaar, Paul; Cimiano, Philipp; Declerck, Thierry; Gracia, Jorge; Kernerman, Ilan; Montiel
Ponsoda, Elena; Ordan, Noam; Piasacki, Maciej (June 18, 2017).
1019:
Representing
Multilingual Data as Linked Data: the Case of BabelNet 2.0. In: Proceedings of the 9th Language Resource and Evaluation Conference (LREC-2014), Reykjavik, Iceland, May 2014
226:(abstract model usually serialized in XML; the Lemon vocabulary originally evolved from an RDF serialization of LMF). OntoLex-Lemon differs from these earlier models in being a native
75:
lexical concept: elements of meaning with different lexicalizations. A typical example are WordNet synsets, where multiple synonymous words are grouped together in a single set.
581:
Semantic
Interoperability of Multilingual Language Resources by Automatic Mapping, In: International Conference on Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective
931:
PanLex: Building a
Resource for Panlingual Lexical Translation, In Proceedings of the 9th Language Resource and Evaluation Conference (LREC-2014), Reykjavik, Iceland, May 2014
807:
Proceedings of the LDK 2017 Workshops: 1st
Workshop on the OntoLex Model (OntoLex-2017), Shared Task on Translation Inference Across Dictionaries & Challenges for Wordnets
668:
Stellato, Armando; Rajbhandari, Sachit; Turbati, Andrea; Fiorelli, Manuel; Caracciolo, Caterina; Lorenzetti, Tiziano; Keizer, Johannes; Pazienza, Maria Teresa (2015).
108:
extensions to the original OntoLex-Lemon specification, where novel modules have been developed to extend the use of OntoLex-Lemon to novel areas of application:
230:
that does not (just) formalize structure and semantics of machine-readable dictionaries, but is designed to facilitate information integration between them.
708:
152:
LexO, a collaborative web editor used for the creation and management of (multilingual) lexical and terminological resources as linked data resources
103:
than stand-alone dictionaries (e.g., translation inference, see applications below). For the foreseeable future, OntoLex-Lemon will also remain
903:
72:, i.e., they belong to exactly one lexical entry. For elements of meaning that can be expressed by different lexemes, use lexical concept.
26:
in the web of data (OntoLex-Lemon) and the short name of the W3C community group that created it (W3C Ontology-Lexica Community Group).
112:
OntoLex-Lemon Lexicography Module, published as a W3C Community Group Report, extends OntoLex-Lemon with respect to requirements from
322:
McCrae, John; Spohr, Dennis; Cimiano, Philipp (2011). "Linking lexical resources and ontologies on the Semantic Web with Lemon".
146:
OASIS Lexicographic Infrastructure Data Model and API (LEXIDMA), a framework for internationally interoperable lexicographic work
119:
OntoLex-Lemon Morphology Module, as of Dec 2019 under development, aims to facilitate multilinguality with the formalization of
197:
LiLa, a knowledge base of linguistic resources for Latin based on a large lexicon consisting of a collection of citation forms
692:
378:
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The Lexicala API by K Dictionaries that provides access to cross-lingual lexical data of 50 languages and 150 language pairs.
623:
675:. In Gandon, Fabien; Sabou, Marta; Sack, Harald; d’Amato, Claudia; Cudré-Mauroux, Philippe; Zimmermann, Antoine (eds.).
158:, a web-based, multilingual, collaborative development platform for managing ontologies, thesauri, lexicons and RDF data
395:"Linguistic Linked Open Data. Information about the current status of the growing cloud of linguistic linked open data"
709:"VocBench 3: a Collaborative Semantic Web Editor for Ontologies, Thesauri and Lexicons | www.semantic-web-journal.net"
480:
669:
646:
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DiTMAO, a lexicographic editor developed for creating the Dictionary of Old Occitan medico-botanical terminology
39:
459:
Klimek, Bettina; McCrae, John P.; Bosque-Gil, Julia; Ionov, Maxim; Tauber, James K.; Chiarcos, Christian.
365:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 9088. Springer International Publishing. pp. 321–336.
460:
139:
43:
679:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 9088. Springer International Publishing. pp. 38–53.
167:
a series of Shared Tasks on Translation Inference Across Dictionaries (TIAD-2017, TIAD-2019, TIAD-2020)
502:
271:"Lexicon Model for Ontologies: Community Report, 10 May 2016 Final Community Group Report 10 May 2016"
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Global WordNet Association, a community effort to produce, maintain and interlink multilingual
503:"OntoLex-Lemon Module for Frequency, Attestation and Corpus Information (draft specification)"
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lexical sense: word sense of a particular lexical entry. Note that a OntoLex-Lemon senses are
783:
176:
PanLex, a large-scale lexical network of about 2,500 dictionaries and more than 500 languages
558:"Call for Participation: OASIS Lexicographic Infrastructure Data Model and API (LEXIDMA) TC"
557:
83:), other modules specify designated vocabulary for representing lexicon metadata (namespace
784:"TIAD-2017 Shared Task – Translation Inference Across Dictionaries. Call for Participation"
594:
Batouche, Brahim; Schmitz, Peter; Francesconi, Enrico; Hajlaoui, Najeh (December 2, 2018).
210:
Related vocabularies that focus on standardizing and publishing lexical resources include
65:
lexical form: surface form of a particular lexical entry, e.g., its written representation
8:
1166:
291:
182:, a large-scale, hierarchically and relationally structured lexical resource for English
62:
entries with identical forms but different parts of speech, see the lexicography module.
762:
597:
PMKI–Public Multilingual Knowledge. Documentation of the PMKI data modelInfrastructure
417:"The OntoLex Lemon Lexicography Module Final Community Group Report 17 September 2019"
34:
The OntoLex-Lemon vocabulary represents a vocabulary for publishing lexical data as a
1083:
Passarotti, M.C.; Cecchini, F.M.; Franzini, G.; Litta, E.; Mambrini, F.; Ruffolo, P.
688:
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670:"VocBench: A Web Application for Collaborative Development of Multilingual Thesauri"
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Proceedings of the Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC-2011), Iraklion, Greece
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Proceedings of TIAD-2019 Shared Task – Translation Inference Across Dictionaries
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Ehrmann, M.; Ceccioni, F.; Vanella, D.; McCrae, J.P.; Cimiano, P.; Navigli, R.
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868:"TIAD 2020 -- 2rd Translation Inference Across Dictionaries (TIAD) shared task"
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Schmitz, P.; Francesconi, E.; Hajlaoui, N.; Batouche, B.; Stellato, A. (2018).
1160:
830:"TIAD 2019. 2nd Translation Inference Across Dictionaries (TIAD) Shared Task"
113:
904:"DBnary: Wiktionary as a Lemon-Based Multilingual Lexical Resource in RDF"
87:), lexical-semantic relations (e.g., translation and variation, namespace
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Julia Bosque-Gil, Jorge Gracia and Elena Montiel-Ponsoda (July 2017).
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OntoLex-Lemon is widely used for lexical resources in the context of
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92:
1084:
624:"CLARIN-IT presents LexO: Where Lexicography Meets the Semantic Web"
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84:
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Short name of a vocabulary for lexical resources in the web of data
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Gracia, Jorge; Kabashi, Besim; Kernerman, Ilan (May 20, 2019).
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934:. European Language Resource Association. pp. 3145–3150
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Kamholz, David; Pool, Jonathan; Colowick, Susan M. (2014).
215:
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1022:. European Language Resource Association. pp. 401–408
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in OntoLex-Lemon, esp., for morphologically rich languages
57:
The core elements of OntoLex-Lemon, shown in Fig. 1, are:
1015:
763:"Dictionary of Old Occitan medico-botanical terminology"
647:"Version 4.0.2 of VocBench was released in August 2018"
458:
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469:. Brno: Lexical Computing CZ, s.r.o. pp. 570–591.
149:
European public multilingual knowledge infrastructure
530:"LexInfo - Data Category Ontology for OntoLex-Lemon"
269:
Cimiano, Phillip; McCrae, John P.; Buitelaar, Paul.
91:), multi-word expressions (decomposition, namespace
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1110:"OntoLex 2017 – 1st workshop on the OntoLex model"
882:"Dbnary Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data"
321:
268:
677:The Semantic Web. Latest Advances and New Domains
363:The Semantic Web. Latest Advances and New Domains
1158:
732:Ilan Kernerman and Dorielle Lonke (July 2019).
481:"Frequency, Attestation and Corpus Information"
170:DBnary, RDF edition of 16 language editions of
463:conference. 1-3 October 2019, Sintra, Portugal
294:"Towards a module for lexicography in OntoLex"
734:"Lexicala API: A new era in dictionary data"
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194:, a large-scale multilingual lexical network
29:
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500:
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339:"The OntoLex Lemon Lexicography Module"
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79:Aside from the core module (namespace
22:is the short name of a vocabulary for
954:"Princeton WordNet 3.1. WordNet RDF"
649:. FAO of the United Nations in Italy
621:
89:http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/vartrans#
583:. Cham: Springer. pp. 153–163.
555:
501:Chiarcos, Christian; Ionov, Maxim.
81:http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
13:
603:. European Technical Specification
415:Bosque-Gil, Julia; Gracia, Jorge.
337:Bosque-Gil, Julia; Gracia, Jorge.
97:http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/synsem#
95:) and syntactic frames (namespace
93:http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/decomp#
14:
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1147:OntoLex-Lemon lexicography module
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142:. Selected applications include
85:http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/lime#
53:Fig. 1. OntoLex-Lemon core model
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1142:OntoLex-Lemon specification
1089:. CEUR Workshop Proceedings
685:10.1007/978-3-319-18818-8_3
228:Linked Open Data vocabulary
140:Linguistic Linked Open Data
44:Linguistic Linked Open Data
10:
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996:"BabelNet SPARQL endpoint"
248:"OntoLex community portal"
121:morphological dictionaries
1152:OntoLex GitHub repository
1117:Kernerman Dictionary News
902:SĂ©rasset, Gilles (2016).
856:. Leipzig, Germany: CEUR.
741:Kernerman Dictionary News
301:Kernerman Dictionary News
214:(text-based format), the
713:semantic-web-journal.net
224:Lexical Markup Framework
30:OntoLex-Lemon vocabulary
1063:"LiLa query interface"
1042:"LiLa SPARQL endpoint"
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180:Princeton WordNet 3.1
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206:Related vocabularies
114:digital lexicography
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622:LenardiÄŤ, Jakob.
380:978-3-319-18818-8
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70:lexicalized
1167:Vocabulary
718:2020-01-17
345:6 December
326:: 245–259.
277:6 December
254:6 December
234:References
172:Wiktionary
42:and/or as
40:RDF format
556:censign.
541:4 January
1161:Category
626:. CLARIN
220:TEI-Dict
192:BabelNet
187:WordNets
156:VocBench
38:, in an
1123:5 April
1093:4 April
1068:4 April
1047:4 April
747:5 April
560:. OASIS
514:9 April
307:5 April
20:OntoLex
810:. CEUR
691:
535:GitHub
508:GitHub
377:
105:unique
1113:(PDF)
737:(PDF)
673:(PDF)
601:(PDF)
467:(PDF)
419:. W3C
341:. W3C
297:(PDF)
273:. W3C
250:. W3C
1125:2020
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889:2019
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689:ISBN
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632:2019
609:2019
566:2019
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