Ontario Provincial Highway Network

1151: 345:. The Public Transportation and Highway Improvement Act (PTHIA) sets forth the regulations concerning roads that are under the authority of the Province of Ontario. The act distinguishes and sets out the applicability of the HTA to provincial highways, which are designated as part of The King's Highway (primary), a secondary highway, or a tertiary road. Tertiary roads may also be designated as a resource road, allowing for vehicles otherwise prohibited from public roads. Industrial roads are privately owned routes with which the MTO has entered an agreement to improve or allow public access, and are not considered part of the provincial highway network. The 1321: 330: 528: 1441: 1622:, was established on January 17, 1916. Until then, the majority of the primary roads through southern Ontario formed part of the county road systems. The Department of Public Works paid up to 60% of the construction and maintenance costs for these roads, while the counties were responsible for the remaining 40%. The Ontario government passed an act in 1917 to permit the newly formed Department of Public Highways (DPHO) to take over (or assume) responsibility and upkeep of a provincial highway system. The initial system, between 2657: 569: 53: 48: 540: 9690: 9523: 9499: 9331: 2643: 516: 480: 456: 9714: 9702: 2629: 43: 9515: 38: 765: 504: 492: 468: 9726: 9531: 896: 986: 967: 7847: 948: 929: 910: 891: 872: 853: 1488:. The Public Lands Act, passed in 1853, permitted the granting of land to settlers who were at least 18. Those settlers who cleared at least 12 acres (4.9 ha) within four years, built a house within a year, and resided on the grant for at least five years would receive the title to that land. The government subsequently built over 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi) of roads over the following 20 688: 834: 991: 972: 953: 934: 915: 877: 858: 839: 371: 615:("scenic route") suffixes. The entire King's Highway network is fully paved. The term "the King's Highway" was first adopted in place of "provincial highway" in 1930, and signs similar to the current design replaced the previous triangular signs at that time. Some legislative acts refer to roads that are under the jurisdiction of the province as "provincial highways". 408:, while tertiary roads place the number within an outline of a rectangle. When these markers appear along or at an intersection with the indicated highway, they feature black text on a reflective white background. There are two exceptions to this: The QEW, which features blue text on a yellow background; and the provincially-maintained section of the tolled 752:

routes is 80 km/h (50 mph), although design standards generally prevent such. Unlike other roads in the Provincial Highway Network, the MTO is not responsible for winter maintenance nor liable for damage incurred as a result of using these routes. The MTO introduced the Tertiary Road system in 1962. With the exception of

1581:. Doolittle, a Toronto physician, became one of the earliest automobile owners in Canada, and spurred the good roads movement. He became the first person to drive across Canada in 1925, utilizing the railways around Lake Superior where no roads existed, and is known as the "Father of the Trans-Canada Highway". 1496:

dry in summer. The large timber drive that was clearing the forests of the Ottawa–Huron Tract in this period contributed somewhat to road construction and maintenance, but the settlers themselves were largely left to their own resolve. Statute labour was gradually abolished around the turn of the 20th century.

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is the primary highway network of Ontario, and constitutes the majority of the principal inter-urban roadways in the province. As a whole, it is referred to in the singular form as opposed to as a group of its parts (i.e. "the King's Highway", not "the King's Highways"). Individual highways are known

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by the mid-1970s) into part of the Toronto Bypass were all underway or completed by the early 1950s. Seeking a way to distinguish the controlled-access freeways from the existing two-lane King's Highways, the Department of Highways created the 400-series designations in 1952. By the end of the year,

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constructed a route across northern Ontario, connecting Thunder Bay with Ottawa by 1880. The government largely subsidized these endeavours, and funding for road construction fell to the wayside, despite the pleas of townships, villages and settlers. In 1896, the provincial Instructor in Road Making

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Like the lands to the south, statute labour was responsible for the majority of road development and maintenance. However, by 1860, due to the unsuitability of much of the land for any kind of settlement or agriculture, the roads were almost impassable in many places, except when frozen in winter or

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5 of that year, and proceeded east. Danforth was paid $ 90 per mile to cut a road 10 metres (33 ft) wide, of which the middle half was cut to the level of the ground. He was also to build 5.0-metre (16.5 ft)-wide causeways "wherever necessary" and ensure that slopes were gradual enough for

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In addition to these classes of highways, the MTO maintains other roads, such as resource roads or industrial roads, that are of strategic importance to the provincial government. These roads are designated with 7000-series numbers for internal inventory purposes, though they are not publicly marked

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are remote routes entirely within Northern Ontario that provide access to resources (e.g. mining and forestry). Tertiary roads are numbered in the 800s, with the five existing highways numbered between 802 and 811. Most of these roads are gravel-surfaced and of low-standard. The speed limit on these

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and elsewhere in the province, as well as a decline in new road building proposals. It remains, to this day, a controversial decision. The Environmental Assessment Act, introduced in 1975, further restricted new highway building, and as a result the 1970s and 1980s saw less new highway construction

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The arrival of automobiles rapidly changed the approach to roads and roadbuilding in the first years of the 20th century. In 1900, the provincial Instructor in Roadmaking was renamed as the Commissioner of Public Highways in 1900, as well as the Deputy Minister in the new Department of Public Works

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in the 1970s resulted in a decline in new highway construction in the decades since. In the late 1990s, nearly 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) of provincial highways were transferred, or "downloaded" back to lower levels of government. Few new provincial highways have been built in the early years

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Numbering of the various provincial highways in Ontario has been commenced by the Department of Public Highways. Resident engineers are now receiving metal numbers to be placed on poles along the provincial highways. These numbers will also be placed on poles throughout cities, towns and villages,

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Two new Ontario road numbers appear on the province's 1956 official road map which will be ready for distribution next week. The new numbers are the 500 and 600 series and designate hundreds of miles of secondary roads which are wholly maintained by the Highways Department. More than 100 secondary

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loyal to Britain who fled north to the new colony. These pioneers endured starting anew in untamed wilderness, with little provisions beyond what they could carry. Many were strategically placed along Yonge Street and Dundas Street, and given the duty of clearing half the width of a road along the

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His Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence, and in general, every thing that depends on the said

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Speed limits on provincial highways are legislated by sections of the road, and vary between 50 km/h (30 mph) and 110 km/h (70 mph). Freeways, including the 400-series highways, are generally signed at 100 km/h (60 mph), although sections exist that are signed lower.

1638:, which provided $ 20,000,000 to provinces under the condition that they establish an official highway network; up to 40% of construction costs would be subsidized. The first network plan was approved on February 26, 1920. At this time, Campbell was now the Federal Commissioner of Highways. 1609:

from Toronto to Hamilton. The road was finished in November 1917, 5.5 metres (18 ft) wide and nearly 64 kilometres (40 mi) long, becoming the first concrete road in Ontario. The highway became the favourite drive of many motorists, and it quickly became a tradition for many families to

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encouraged education on the building of proper roads, and later equipment to aid in the improvement of roads, as well as lobbying the various levels of government to fund road development and maintenance. Members would travel from town to town and across the countryside, espousing the value of

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that highway. These are the same shape as their corresponding highway marker. Trailblazers for the King's Highway, which can be shields or crowns, feature white text on a reflective green background, with the exception of trailblazers for the QEW, which feature yellow text on a reflective blue

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1, 1997, 1,767.6 kilometres (1,098.3 mi) of highways were removed from the King's Highway system. This was followed by the removal of 3,211.1 kilometres (1,995.3 mi) on January 1, 1998, for a total of 4,978.7 kilometres (3,093.6 mi); the move was criticized by the media.

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was announced as a provincially-funded secondary route of the Trans-Canada the following day. Amongst some of the most difficult terrain encountered in Canada, the 266 kilometres (165 mi) of wilderness known as "the Gap" was a missing link in the Trans-Canada Highway between

1230:, whom he fought alongside during the American War, Simcoe set out to establish military roads to connect his new capital with the Upper Great Lakes and other strategic points. The first road he ordered built was Dundas Street, from the head of Lake Ontario near present-day 2178:

rose in the legislature and declared "If we are building a transportation system to serve the automobile, the Spadina Expressway would be a good place to start. But if we are building a transportation system to serve people, the Spadina Expressway is a good place to stop."

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By the early 20th century, the province had taken interest in road improvement and began funding it through counties. The increasing adoption of the automobile resulted in the formation of the Department of Public Highways of Ontario (DPHO) in 1916. The passing of the

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as such. They are often, but not always, former highway segments which were decommissioned as a King's Highway, but remain important as connecting routes to communities or other highways in areas without municipal governance. There were formerly several designated

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began in 1989, construction did not begin until 2009. As of 2022, 55 kilometres (34 mi) of two-laned highway remains to be twinned or bypassed, almost all of which is in the engineering phase. The four-laning of the remaining 68-kilometre (42 mi) gap of

2115:. Construction began immediately; while the plan initially called for construction to end in 1967, it continued for nearly a decade. At least four lanes were always open during the large reconstruction project, which included complex new interchanges at Highway 253:

in 1919 resulted in the establishment of a provincial network of highways. The DPHO assigned internal highway numbers to roads in the system, and in 1925, the numbers were signposted along the roads and marked on maps. In 1930, provincial highways were renamed

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marker is used, featuring the route number within an outline of the St Edward's Crown, paired with an arrow plate; exit signs on freeways and at major junctions also use this crown symbol. For secondary highways, the route number is within an outline of an

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old Lake Shore Road between the two cities, instead of Dundas Street to the north, because of the numerous hills encountered along Dundas. In November 1914, the proposed highway was approved, and work began quickly to construct the road known today as

6892: 4832:...the freeway concept was promoted by Hamiltonian Thomas B. McQuesten, then the highway minister. The Queen Elizabeth Way was already under construction, but McQuesten changed it into a dual-lane divided highway, based on Germany's new autobahns. 2274:

in which they are located. These transfers were performed under the reasoning that they served a mostly local function, as a cost-saving measure and as part of a broader exchange of responsibilities between the province and its municipalities. On

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in 1905. The first legislation on driving was introduced in 1903, and included the first speed limits (15 miles per hour (24 km/h)). The first license plates were created that year, the first highway patrol established in 1907, licences for

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Several portions of the King's Highway are designated as part of the Trans-Canada Highway system within Ontario, with the TCH having a main route and several branches, often only following sections of any given provincial highway. They are:

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in the second half of the 19th century. The rising popularity of the bicycle led to the formation of the Ontario Good Roads Association, which advocated for the improvement of roads and recreation as the automobile rose to prominence.

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The cries of municipalities went unanswered, but it would not stop their ambition. Coupled with the increasing adoption of the bicycle as a means of transport, and the desire of farmers to get their goods to market quicker, the

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The 400-series highways and the QEW form the backbone of the King's Highway, with other routes numbered from 2 to 148. The Ministry of Transportation never designated a Highway 1. Some highway numbers are suffixed with a letter

185:(MTO), including those designated as part of the King's Highway, secondary highways, and tertiary roads. Components of the system—comprising 16,900 kilometres (10,500 mi) of roads and 2,880 bridges —range in scale from 2263:

platform in 1995, numerous highways deemed to no longer be of significance to the provincial network were decommissioned and responsibility for the routes transferred to lower levels of government, a process referred to as

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as far south as Lake Ontario. Many routes that would become secondary highways were already maintained by the province as development roads prior to being designated. Since 1998, none have existed south of the districts of

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One study commissioned by the previous Liberal government estimated the proposed highway would save drivers a mere 30 to 60 seconds of driving time. The Ministry of Transportation contends that it would save drivers 30

2099:) through Ottawa. The first sections of these freeways were opened in 1963, 1977, 1963, 1965, 1997, 1974, and 1960, respectively. In 1963, transportation minister Charles MacNaughton announced the widening of Highway 672:

interchange design, the latter which became standard in the design for the widening of Highway 401 through Toronto in 1962. The Institute of Traffic Engineers subsequently recommended this design to replace the

189:, the busiest highway in North America, to unpaved forestry and mining access roads. The longest highway is nearly 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) long, while the shortest is less than a kilometre. Some roads are 349:

is likewise not considered part of the provincial highway network. While it is still subject to the rules set forth by the HTA, it is otherwise governed independently under the legislation of the Highway 407 Act.

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that were located throughout the entire province. However, beginning in February 1997, Tourism-Oriented Directional Signs (TODS) began to appear on highways. Tourist Routes no longer appeared on maps after 1998.

591:". Ontario highways rank second safest in North America for fatality rates, with 0.55 fatalities per 10000 licensed drivers in 2019. The phrase "King's Highway" is used regardless of the gender of the monarch. 6882: 1031:

Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the 17th century, transportation across what became Ontario was generally via the thousands of lakes and rivers. Short trails existed between bodies of water, known as a

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features junction crowns and trailblazer shields directing traffic to several highways, and illustrates the increasingly common use of shields in junction assemblies; the colours on the QEW arrow plate are

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roads will have their own numbers and signs this year. All of these secondary roads were taken into the province's main highways system because they form important connecting links with the King's Highways

1917:. The highway followed a completely new alignment, and featured interchanges at nearly all crossroads. Construction of an extension around Barrie began in 1950, and the completed freeway was opened on July 1596:

Roadbuilding advanced considerably, with the most notable project of the period being the Toronto–Hamilton Highway, the first paved intercity road in Ontario. The highway was chosen to run along the

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Danforth Avenue Complete Street and Planning Study Preliminary Draft for Discussion: Historic Context Statement: The History and Evolution of the Danforth – Broadview Avenue to Coxwell Avenue

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governments. Local township roads were financed and constructed through a statute labour system that required landowners to make improvements in lieu of taxes. Private companies constructed

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was the first to do so in 1890, and a majority of other municipalities followed suit by the 1920s. However, the law remained in place provincially until being officially repealed on January

6689: 649:, and are regulated by the MTO. The 400-series designations were introduced in 1952, although Ontario had been constructing divided highways for two decades prior. Initially, only Highways 2601:

413, it has attracted criticism for its environmental impact, though it has the support of adjacent municipalities. Preliminary construction works for the route are underway as of 2022.

1825:. It was to be more than twice the width of Lakeshore Road at 12 m (39 ft) and would carry two lanes of traffic in either direction. Construction on what was then known as the 1541: 5710: 2919: 4246: 1389:

per year, based on the value of their land. The intention was for settlers throughout the length of the roads to work on the portion fronting their lot, which was generally twenty

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1, 1952. The expressway between Highland Creek and Oshawa was also completed in this period, and opened as far as Ritson Road in December 1947, becoming the progenitor to Highway

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Roads and highways in Ontario were given their first serious consideration by the provincial government when the Department of Public Highways (DPHO), predecessor to the modern

1393:, or 400 metres (1,300 ft) long. However, many lots were given to absent clergymen and English nobles, resulting in these "roads" being poorly-maintained quagmires of mud. 1184: 1361:

by December. The government ultimately decided that his road was unacceptable, and reportedly paid him less than owed. Portions of Danforth's road were later incorporated into

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of the surveyed roads yet to come. Some roads in Ontario still closely follow these early Native and European trails, including the Kente Portage Trail (Old Portage Road) in

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The Spit of Land which forms its Entrance is capable of being fortified with a few heavy Guns as to prevent any Vessel from entering the Harbour or from remaining within it.

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on them throughout Canada. While other provinces generally place a highway number within the maple leaf of the TCH marker (with a shared "Highway 1" designation across the

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of 100 km/h (62 mph), various collision avoidance and traffic management systems, and several design standards adopted throughout North America. Of note are the

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The township of Malden, Essex county, is the only township municipality which has yet completely abolished the statute labor system. The change was made in March 1890.

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and motorists should then have no trouble in finding their way in and out of urban municipalities. Road designations from "2" to "17" have already been allotted...

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and motorists should then have no trouble in finding their way in and out of urban municipalities. Road designations from "2" to "17" have already been allotted...

1473: 387:, are utilized along the designated road to confirm (near intersections) or reassure (elsewhere) drivers that they are on the correct route. The markers, known as 5066: 2577:; the highway has attracted considerable attention, with opinions divided over the benefits of shorter travel times versus irreversible environmental impacts and 6625: 6500: 5530: 791:(TCH) forms several major routes across Canada. The provincial governments are entirely responsible for signage and maintenance of the routes, except through 193:, lacking signage to indicate their maintenance by the MTO; these may be remnants of highways that are still under provincial control whose designations were 7448: 4334: 1150: 1168:... In regard to Lake Huron, tho' it is not so immediate an object of Attention, yet I consider it ultimately of the most extensive and serious Magnitude. 4407: 2299:

was built during the 1960s and 1970s, establishing the right-of-way and alignment of a future freeway as a two-lane highway. Planning for a connection to

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Public and Safety Information Section (November 9, 1978). "Highway 410 Opens November 15" (Press release). Ministry of Transportation and Communications.

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in 1909 (regular drivers did not require a licence until 1927), and safety requirements such as headlights. These laws culminated in the creation of the

301: 6558: 9390: 9385: 9375: 9370: 6211: 5879:"Regional and District Operations: Central Region". Annual Report (Report). Ministry of Transportation and Communications. March 31, 1979. p. 14. 1641:

Until the summer of 1925, Ontario highways were named rather than numbered. When route numbering was introduced, the following numbers were allotted:

9360: 6789: 6761: 5966: 1859:"—modified the design for Ontario roads, and McQuesten ordered the Middle Road be converted into this new form of highway. A 40 m (130 ft) 1570: 1545: 261:

The 1930s saw several major depression relief projects built by manual labour, including the first inter-city divided highway in North America along

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In addition to this network backbone, plans for additional 400-series highways were initiated by the late 1950s, comprising the Chedoke Expressway (

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was purchased along the Middle Road and construction began to convert the existing sections to a divided highway. Work also began on Canada's first

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The number of Provincial Highways—as they were initially known—expanded quickly from there. The provincial highway network did not extend into the

710:. They generally serve to connect remote communities to the King's Highway, or to interconnect the King's Highway. A few secondary highways remain 341:

In Ontario, all public roads are legally considered highways under the Highway Traffic Act (HTA), which sets forth regulations for traffic, or the

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in honour of premier Ferguson. The name was originally suggested by North Bay mayor Dan Barker. Despite the official opening, a section between

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years to provide access to these grants, although the roads were often little more than a trail cut through the forest wide enough for a wagon.

9380: 3488:"Mining, Access, Resources and Forestry Report 1961–62". Annual Report (Report). Ontario Department of Highway. March 31, 1964. pp. 59–61. 1991:

The construction boom following the war resulted in many new freeway construction projects in the province. The Toronto–Barrie Highway (Highway

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Construction Program: King's and Secondary Highways (Report). Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Ontario. 1975–1976. p. xvii.

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16 New began in mid-1996, and was completed in sections between June 1997, and September 1999, after which nearly the entire length of Highway

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During the early 1800s, the government of Upper Canada appropriated settlers to various lots which had been surveyed along the lake shores of

748: 9355: 9345: 6883:"Groups Request the Federal Government Conduct Environmental Assessments for Two Proposed Ontario Highways On Environmentally Sensitive Land" 6389: 6284: 6180: 1460:

As the second township frontage along Lake Ontario also filled, the government came under pressure to open up the unforgiving terrain of the

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front of their property lot. Settlers were responsible for the upkeep, and often the building of roads in this period, with each male over 21

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ravine in 1936, the Department of Highways began construction on a new bridge over the large valley, bypassing the former alignment around

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and Ramore wasn't opened until August. The Ferguson Highway name was also applied to the Muskoka Road between Severn Bridge and North Bay.

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Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe and surveyor general Augustus Jones supervise the Queen's Rangers as they clear the path of Yonge Street in 1794

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The vast majority of modern road infrastructure in Ontario was built throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s. The cancellation of the

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20, 2016, consisting of a 22-kilometre (14 mi) extension to Harmony Road in Oshawa, as well as the 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) Highway

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C. Row Expressway, which it then follows alongside to near the border. Construction began in August 2011, It was partially opened on June

6138:"Report of the Chief Engineer, W. A. Clarke". Annual Report (Report) (1954 ed.). Department of Highways. April 1, 1955. p. 14. 6043: 2028:

401 was assembled across the province in a patchwork fashion, becoming fully navigable between Windsor and the Quebec border on November

9652: 9622: 9600: 9534: 7953: 6451: 6097: 6070: 5375: 158: 7085: 5502: 3313: 9617: 7441: 3432:"Ontario Secondary Roads Now Designated 500, 600". Vol. 112, no. 33, 119. The Globe and Mail. February 4, 1956. p. 4. 6364: 5407:

Construction Program: King's and Secondary Highways (Report). Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 1976–1977. p. XIV.

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In recent years, highway construction has generally been limited to the expansion of existing highways, principal among them Highway

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below in black. Signs prior to 1993 had the words "The King's Highway" below the crown, but current versions do not have the words.

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Construction Program: King's and Secondary Highways (Report). Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 1976–1977. p. XV.

6977:"Letter to Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing, RE: Co-ordinated Land Use Planning Review – Highway 400–404 Connecting Link" 6655: 1909:

As the war came to a close, planning began in 1945 on the Toronto–Barrie Highway to ease the congestion on the parallel routes of

1080: 9761: 9632: 7112: 2452: 1795: 1456:, is representative of the appearance of colonization roads in central Ontario after logging razed the forests by the early 1900s 7001: 1898:. From here the highway was constructed on a new alignment to Oshawa, avoiding construction on the congested Highway 2. As 803:), Ontario places them below or beside provincial shields and either leaves them blank or inserts a name instead; these are the 714:-surfaced, although most have been paved. The speed limit on nearly all of these routes is 80 km/h (50 mph), although 9627: 5046:. Heritage Impact Assessment: Christina Street Bridge over Highway 402, Sarnia (Report). Archaeological Services Inc. p. 4 3818: 7361: 7330: 7299: 7253: 7189: 7170: 6010: 5753: 5250: 4611: 3570: 3499: 2712: 2092: 1619: 1573:. "Good Roads" Campbell would become the province's first Instructor in Roadmaking when the position was established on April 444: 182: 84: 4547: 4154:

Burghardt, Andrew F. (1969). "The Origin and Development of the Road Network of the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, 1770–1851".

1164:... I have good Information that a Road is very easy to be made to communicate with those Waters which fall into Lake Huron. 9751: 9612: 9526: 7434: 4284: 3355: 9647: 9595: 9518: 7478: 6914: 6473: 3407: 2670: 1071:

were the first to explore various lands of the area, all with the assistance of the local First Nations. For the next 150

334: 153: 6857: 6212:"Highway 69 and 11 expansion rolling north: Northerners say safety, efficiency, new development will open up the region" 5311: 2463:

and Windsor. The MTO took advantage of this opportunity to extend Highway 401 to the Canada–US border and began an

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settlers whom accompanied him from the US into Upper Canada in July 1794 — would complete the opening of the route to

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Throughout the mid-to-late 1960s, the provincial government also funded numerous urban expressways, including the

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Highway 400 – Highway 404 Extension Link (Bradford Bypass) – Route Planning and Environmental Assessment Study

6819:"Friends with benefits? An inside look at the money, power and influence behind the Ford government's push to" 5470: 4668: 4094: 2992: 6565: 6150: 2467:

on the entire project in late 2005. Despite protest from area residents, as well as a dismissed lawsuit from

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and bridge construction neared completion on the new highway between West Hill and Oshawa in September 1939,

1860: 1840: 738:. Secondary highways are numbered in the 500s and 600s, with existing highways numbered between 502 and 673. 7365: 7334: 7303: 4740: 2617:

69 has been promised by multiple governments, but no timeline for completion has been announced as of 2022.

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reported "It is doubtful if there is a mile of true macadam road in Ontario outside of a few towns or cities

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The bridges were opened to traffic in October 1984 on completion of Highway 406 to the Queen Elizabeth Way

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The new, 22-mile extension from south of Crown Hill to Coldwater will be ready for traffic this afternoon.

2483:. The below-grade route has six through-lanes and follows Huron Church Road from the former end of Highway 1420:

was the most successful of these ventures and brought settlers to vast areas of land in what would become

1211:(then known as Newark) served as the capital for a year, Simcoe moved it to what is now Toronto after July 258:

and the familiar crown route markers created. The DPHO was also renamed the Department of Highways (DHO).

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Construction began in 2012 on a provincially operated 65-kilometre (40 mi) long extension to the 407

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Highway Transfers List - "Who Does What" (Report). Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. June 20, 2001.

4095:"Equitable Claims and Future Considerations: Road Building and Colonization in Early Ontario, 1850–1890" 3547: 3528: 9552: 6590: 1200: 1068: 285:, during which construction came to a near standstill, led to the planning and initial construction of 6244: 2296: 2024:

400, 401, and 402 were numbered, although they were only short stubs of their current lengths. Highway

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Provincial Highways Construction Projects (Report). Ministry of Transportation. 1991–92. p. 13.

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Dexter, Brian (October 25, 1989). "Ontario Studies Plan to Extend Highway 404 Farther North". News.

4595:(Map). Cartography by D. Barclay. Ontario Department of Public Highways. 1926. Mileage Tables inset. 1906:

broke out and gradually tax revenues were re-allocated from highway construction to the war effort.

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Beginning in 1935, McQuesten applied the concept of a dual-highway to several projects along Highway

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During the 1920s, the DPHO began to examine possible remedies to chronic congestion on along Highway

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Construction Program (Report). Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 1976–77. p. XIV.

5040: 3697: 3504:(Map). Cartography by Surveys and Mapping Section. Ministry of Transportation. 1998. Archived from 2332: 1980:. Construction began in 1956, and it was completed and ceremoniously opened to traffic on September 1891: 1890:

2, including along Kingston Road in Scarborough Township. When widening in Scarborough reached the

1520: 792: 6952:"York Region Council Vote to Send Letter to Federal Government in Support Bradford Bypass Project" 6288: 6188: 5274: 2270:. Several thousand kilometres of provincially maintained highways were transferred to the various 633:

of Ontario, forming a special subset of the provincial highway network. They are analogous to the

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background. For secondary highways, trailblazers simply add the word "TO" above the route number.

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Ontario uses two distinct shapes of signage to mark the King's Highways. Confirmation markers, or

5156: 4247:"A centuries-old law requiring Ontario landowners to work on local roads is coming off the books" 2385:

26, 2010. Work has also progressed south from Sudbury since 2005, and as of 2022 has reached the

2260: 1139: 1107: 1036:

or carrying place, as well as along the shorelines of the larger lakes. In 1615, French explorer

699: 9544: 3396:

Proceedings ... Annual Meeting (Report). Institute of Traffic Engineers. 1962. pp. 100–103.

656:

While older freeways have some lapses in safety features, contemporary 400-series highways have

3158: 2386: 2266: 2227:

417 from Ottawa to the Quebec boundary between 1970 and late 1975, and the expansion of Highway

2139: 1786:, respectively. Seeking to open the far north, construction of a road to connect North Bay and 1464:

to settlement and sought to establish a network of east–west and north–south roads between the

1373: 1320: 1235: 1127: 1111: 1088: 674: 661: 194: 5602:(Construction ed.). Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 1982–1983. p. 76. 5145:(Construction ed.). Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 1982–1983. p. 76. 3622: 1266:

and thence south to Toronto (known as York from 1793 to 1834); this would become the route of

7400: 7005: 6887: 6158: 6101: 6074: 6047: 5618: 5564: 4970: 4939: 4228: 3780: 3753: 3595: 2565:

400 north of Vaughan. The 52-kilometre (32 mi) route would include extensions of Highway

2400:

407 East (or 407E) during planning, with the project undertaken in two separate phases. Phase

1899: 1836: 1349: 1333: 1195:, from England and set forth to colonize the province in the image of Britain. The ambitious 1131: 5382: 2424:

2, 2018, added a 9.6-kilometre (6.0 mi) extension to Taunton Road at the future Highway

2291:

is built parallel to the existing road. In addition, existing intersections were rebuilt as

2166:. While the others were built, the Spadina became a heated debate in the late 1960s between 1404:. The townships established along these fronts contained generally fertile land composed of 1053: 443:. These were erected to honour fallen Canadian soldiers, whose bodies were repatriated from 9050: 8830: 8775: 8735: 8725: 8715: 8710: 8700: 8650: 8640: 8605: 8446: 2456: 2389:, leaving a 68-kilometre (42 mi) gap of two-lane highway between Toronto and Sudbury. 2167: 1938: 1602: 1421: 1366: 788: 731: 642: 396: 2769:"Public Transportation and Highway Improvement Act; R.S.O. 1990, Chapter P.50, parts I–VI" 1515:

in what was soon to become Ontario to form a single route across the province, connecting

399:. In other cases, particularly when approaching the junction of another highway, a square 354:

Three segments of freeway are part of an ongoing pilot project to test speed limits of 110

8: 9637: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8730: 8720: 8705: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8645: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8462: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8151: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8086: 8081: 8051: 8041: 8036: 8026: 8016: 8011: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7855: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7661: 7571: 7566: 7541: 5853:

Claridge, Thomas (May 3, 1975). "Years of Headaches Driver' Prospect as 401 is Widened".

5381:(Report). Ontario Superior Court of Justice. December 12, 2001. p. 7. Archived from 4819: 4674: 3102:

Highway 7 New Kitchener to Guelph, 18 km, G.W.P. 408-88-00 – Initial Design Report (2014)

2546: 2528: 2300: 2284: 2244: 2096: 2084: 2072: 2064: 2060: 2048: 2016: 2008: 1956: 1934: 1868: 1635: 1590: 1558: 1508: 1345: 1302: 1208: 1134:

Rivers. These meandering trails followed the lay of the land, as opposed to the straight

1115: 1084: 1076: 1037: 997: 978: 753: 715: 703: 624: 409: 405: 346: 318: 290: 266: 250: 225: 163: 7416: 5178:

Don Valley Parkway Extension, Highway 401 to Steeles Avenue (Report). Desjardines. 1957.

3450:(Map). Cartography by C.P. Robins. Ontario Department of Highways. 1957. §§ R38–39. 1557:

was formed in 1894 by representatives from numerous townships, villages and cities. The

1440: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8046: 8031: 8021: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7966: 7961: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7536: 7531: 7516: 6717: 5559: 5038: 5013: 4167: 3822: 3290: 3263: 2479:

1, 2008, that a preferred route had been selected and the new route would be named the

2212: 2204: 2159: 2131: 2112: 2056: 2037: 1914: 1910: 1895: 1864: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1745: 1739: 1733: 1727: 1717: 1711: 1705: 1699: 1528:... by far the greatest part of the milage of the province is mud, ruts and pitch-holes 1512: 1453: 1429: 1358: 1324:

This image of Kingston Road circa 1830 shows the typical pioneer road in dry conditions

1298: 1227: 1180: 1173: 1119: 959: 940: 921: 902: 883: 864: 735: 721:

The Secondary Highway system was introduced in 1956 to service regions in Northern and

653:

400, 401 and 402 were numbered; other designations followed in the subsequent decades.

573: 419:

In addition to regular highway markers, there are trailblazers, which indicate a route

384: 310: 297: 213: 197:, roadway segments left over from realignment projects, or proposed highway corridors. 9417: Tertiary roads 7395: 5890:

Highway Transfers List (Report). Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. April 1, 1997.

4007: 3675: 2083:

407 encircling the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), though not built for another 40 years;

527: 208:

in the time before European settlement. Shortly after the creation of the Province of

9713: 9701: 7526: 7521: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7426: 7268: 7249: 7185: 7166: 7147: 6827: 5835: 5535: 5283: 5246: 4412: 4379: 4280: 4171: 4117: 3828: 3295: 3189: 2594: 2468: 2151: 2135: 2127: 2052: 2004: 1818: 1803: 1787: 1693: 1687: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1653: 1647: 1425: 1377: 1362: 1290: 1273:

Simcoe's Rangers would commence "run the line of the new road" with Surveyor General

845: 665: 375: 358:

km/h in rural areas that are not subject to congestion. A fourth segment, located in

306: 2941: 2195:

Despite this, several existing freeways were extended or expanded, including Highway

1357:

a sleigh or carriage to pass. He completed the first 101 kilometres (63 mi) to

1309:

was opened by the Rangers, under the supervision of Augustus Jones, between December

329: 5725: 4702: 4630: 4550:(Report) (1918 ed.). Department of Public Highways. April 11, 1919. p. 13 4163: 4109: 3285: 3275: 3133: 2361:

11 between Barrie and North Bay was a long-term expansion that was completed August

2292: 2288: 2163: 1832: 1817:), eventually deciding upon widening the roadway midway between Lakeshore Road and 1799: 1759: 1623: 1337: 1329: 630: 629:

The 400-series highways are a network of controlled-access highways throughout the

359: 342: 278: 190: 7405: 6017: 6016:(Report). Environmental Assessment Board. July 31, 1987. p. 9. Archived from 3505: 3464: 305:

of the 21st century, although several major infrastructure projects including the

216:

built overland military roads to supplement water-based transportation, including

8467: 7218: 7200: 7090: 7062: 5729: 5622: 5568: 5445:"'The streets belong to the people': Why a premier killed the Spadina Expressway" 4974: 4943: 4510: 2794: 2582: 2532: 2496: 2147: 2143: 1856: 1822: 1755: 1497: 1461: 1306: 1286: 1282: 1255: 1239: 1231: 1064: 722: 707: 314: 274: 262: 229: 6098:"Transportation Minister Officially Opens Another 7.6 Kilometres of Highway 416" 5419: 5335: 5333: 3359: 3186:

Men and Meridians: The History of Surveying and Mapping in Canada – 1917 to 1947

2829: 2737: 6556: 6529: 5475: 4872:. Vol. 94, no. 127. Southam Newspapers. November 13, 1936. p. 29 2634: 2578: 2378: 2220: 2068: 1814: 1606: 1417: 1294: 1274: 1045: 800: 57: 4965: 4934: 3280: 3262:

Rzeznikiewiz, Damian; Tamim, Hala; Macpherson, Alison K. (December 28, 2012).

568: 9745: 9717: 6831: 5839: 5356: 5330: 5315: 4342: 4175: 4121: 3926: 2662: 2472: 1968: 1826: 1465: 1445: 1263: 638: 392: 233: 221: 3236: 2768: 2357:

401 into Windsor. The four-laning of 240 kilometres (150 mi) of Highway

1831:

west of Toronto began in early 1931. Before the highway could be completed,

1484:

to lay out the lines that would become the Opeongo, Hastings, and Addington

9705: 8006: 6794: 6766: 6745: 6535: 6414: 5613:

Calleja, Frank (November 8, 1979). "Doubts Raised About Route of New 403".

4251: 3870: 3678:. University of Ottawa – Compendium of Language Management in Canada (CLMC) 3299: 2648: 2271: 1903: 1469: 1449: 1401: 1390: 1267: 1196: 1123: 1103: 1099: 657: 412:, which feature white text on a blue background, with an orange plate with 282: 217: 209: 5709:

Bassi, Kris G.; Lin, Watone L.; Ai-Bazi, George; Ramakko, Osmo E. (1984).

3535:. No. March/April. Nature and Outdoor Tourism Ontario. pp. 15–18 2247:

was also built, initially as a two lane road, between 1975 and late 1978.

1928: 7163:

Keeping Ontario Moving: The History of Roads and Road Building in Ontario

7116: 6682:"Meeting Gauges Feedback on How Highway 401 Should Cross Ojibway Parkway" 6416: 5996:. Vol. 124, no. 36, 795. Toronto. November 14, 1967. p. 4. 5507: 4274: 4052: 2459:

confirmed a new Canada–U.S. border crossing would be constructed between

2374: 2256: 2171: 1597: 1192: 1057: 1041: 440: 186: 6713:"Gordie Howe Bridge groundbreaking message: No stopping this bridge now" 6649:"Highway 401 Section of the New Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway Now Complete" 5782:. Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 1976–1977. p. XII. 5099:. Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 1972–1973. p. 8–9. 5039:

Built Heritage, Cultural Landscape and Planning Section (January 2006).

3469:(Map). Cartography by Geomatics Office. Ministry of Transportation. 1999 427:

Since August 2004, "Highway of Heroes" shields featuring a diagram of a

7370: 7339: 7308: 7248:. Historical Committee, Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 7237:

A.A.D.T. Traffic Volumes 1955–1969 And Traffic Collision Data 1967–1969

6268: 5698:. Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 1980–1981. p. XV. 5588:. Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 1972–1973. p. xi. 5131:. Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 1972–1973. p. xi. 4231:(Report). Legislative Assembly of Ontario. March 23, 1897. p. 15. 3657: 3569:

Mansfield, J. B. (1899). "Chapter 6: French Discovery and Occupation".

3137: 2574: 2175: 1846: 1540: 1060: 796: 587:". However, in common parlance they are simply referred to as "Highway 237: 9498: 9330: 6654:(Press release). Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. Archived from 4335:"Dr. Perry Ernest Doolittle and the push for the Trans-Canada Highway" 4113: 4048:"The Way We Were: The 'road' to Avenue was paved with good intentions" 2883:

Ontario Traffic Manual, Book 8, Volume 1 - Guide and Information Signs

2287:

was constructed through a process known as twinning in which a second

1984:

17, 1960, uniting the two segments and completing the route of Highway

52: 47: 6646: 6282: 6095: 6068: 6041: 5867: 5448: 4791:. Vol. 165, no. 42. Montreal. February 18, 1936. p. 14 2879: 2711: 2365:

8, 2012, having been worked on since 1955. The four-laning of Highway

2235:

427 between 1968 and late 1971, as well as its extension from Highway

1947:

25, 1950, it had already chosen a Central Ontario routing via Highway

1586: 1477: 1397: 539: 241: 7028:"Accesllerated highway improvement program for Northwestern Ontario" 3649: 3127: 1386: 515: 200:

Predecessors to today's modern highways include the foot trails and

6762:"Proposed Highway to Pave Parts of Greenbelt Proving Controversial" 6741:"Gordie Howe bridge opening delayed 10 months; price tag up $ 700M" 4440: 3188:. Vol. 3. Canadian Government Publishing Centre. p. 141. 2942:"Restricted Use of the King's Highway; R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 609, s. 1" 2550: 2436:

9, 2019, added a 23.3-kilometre (14.5 mi) extension to Highway

1852: 1790:

began in 1925, The new gravel highway was officially opened on July

1332:

was hired by the government of Upper Canada to build a road to the

1277:

in February 1794. By mid-May, the Rangers had cleared and marked 14

1049: 479: 455: 313:

have proceeded. Recent construction has included the controversial

6390:"Extension of Ontario Hwy. 407, new Hwy. 418 open east of Toronto" 4723: 4721: 4529: 4527: 4469: 4467: 4211: 4209: 1867:

at Highway 10. The Middle Road was ceremoniously renamed the

1262:

named Old Sail, the return voyage followed the east branch of the

764: 698:

exist solely within the districts of Northern Ontario that lack a

9574: 6863:(Report). Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. pp. 141–148 4276:

Report and Documents in Reference to the Canadian Pacific Railway

3882: 3381:

Revie, Nancy (September 19, 2005). "An Expressway in Name Only".

2856:"Ontario's Increased Speed Limit Pilot Finds Wide Public Support" 2830:"Speed Limits; R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 619, s. 1; O. Reg. 319/19, s. 1" 2609: 2516: 2460: 2076: 1973: 1135: 1033: 1000:(Entire length as main route; freeway continuation of Highway 17) 436: 201: 178: 7366:"Ontario Road Network - MTO Jurisdiction by Highway Shield Type" 7364:

Geomatics Office; Land Information Ontario (November 13, 2019).

7302:

Geomatics Office; Land Information Ontario (December 10, 2020).

4988: 4913: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4380:"The Ontario Good Roads Association: Working for Municipalities" 4182: 3962: 2549:

is a proposed four-to-six lane freeway bypass of the GTA around

2187:

The cancellation of the Spadina Expressway led to the demise of

2123:

400, the planned Spadina Expressway and the Don Valley Parkway.

2063:) northward from the soon-to-be constructed Toronto expressway; 1435: 583:

as "part of the King's Highway" or "the King's Highway known as

9579: 7216: 7198: 6557:

Detroit River International Crossing Study team (May 1, 2008).

6530:

Detroit River International Crossing Study team (May 1, 2008).

6333:"Hwy. 407 eastern extension opens between Pickering and Oshawa" 5282:. Friends of the Mississauga Library System. pp. 208–209. 4718: 4651: 4649: 4524: 4464: 4452: 4362: 4360: 4300: 4206: 3932: 2155: 1943:

When Ontario signed the Trans-Canada Highway Agreement on April

1879:, and was completed between Toronto and Niagara Falls on August 1631: 1627: 1516: 1259: 711: 646: 503: 491: 362:, was set to be announced in 2020, but has been delayed since. 7235: 7037:. Vol. 25, no. 51. December 19, 1989. pp. 1, 15 5793:"Drivers Face Three More Years of QE-27-401 Motoring Misery". 5362: 5339: 2688: 467: 224:. At the time, road construction was under the control of the 42: 7846: 7058:"Open for business: MTO opens new section of divided highway" 6915:"Fact Sheet: Bradford Bypass (aka the Holland Marsh Highway)" 5711:"The Twelve Mile Creek Precast Prestressed Segmental Bridges" 4896: 2545:

and continued widening and four-laning of existing highways.

2538: 1110:. This was done to provide a British-style governance to the 1040:

was the first European to pass through the lands between the

702:, to which they are analogous. The sole exception to this is 687: 607:("new route"). In the past, there have also been routes with 428: 333:

The very first Ontario Road Map published in 1923 (see also:

293:

were built beginning in the late 1940s and numbered in 1952.

37: 4846: 4646: 4428: 4357: 4194: 4027: 3081:. Vol. 123, no. 903. September 22, 1965. p. 3 1748:(Pembroke–Quebec boundary, 289.8 kilometres (180.1 mi)) 281:. Significant traffic engineering and surveying through the 6816:

Buist, Steve; Javed, Noor; McIntosh, Emma (April 3, 2021).

6647:

Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (November 20, 2015).

5696:

Highway Construction Program: King's and Secondary Highways

5586:

Highway Construction Program: King's and Secondary Highways

5312:"The Queensway Began with a Royal Blast: Flashback to 1957" 5129:

Highway Construction Program: King's and Secondary Highways

5097:

Highway Construction Program: King's and Secondary Highways

4599: 4312: 3261: 1613: 1565:

Two of the most influential members in its early days were

1409: 1405: 795:. It is signed with distinctive green markers with a white 7333:

Geomatics Office; Land Information Ontario (May 7, 2020).

7202:

Appendix to the Report of the Ontario Bureau of Industries

3055:(Report). Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. p. 8 1702:(Port Credit–Owen Sound, 169.0 kilometres (105.0 mi)) 1690:(Goderich–Niagara Falls, 252.3 kilometres (156.8 mi)) 370: 2507:

is scheduled for completion in 2025, and will tie Highway

1798:. He suggested at the opening that the road be named the 1656:(Windsor–Niagara Falls, 413.9 kilometres (257.2 mi)) 5242:

The Shape of the Suburbs: Understanding Toronto's Sprawl

5159:(Report). Ontario Department of Highways. March 31, 1958 4747:. Vol. 40, no. 14472. June 26, 1920. p. 7 4067: 3950: 3938: 3902: 3853: 3851: 2585:

is a proposed four lane rural freeway connecting Highway

2444:

115, as well as the 12.8-kilometre (8.0 mi) Highway

2255:

As part of a series of budget cuts initiated by premier

2203:

403 through Mississauga between 1978 and late 1982, the

2199:

402 from Sarnia to London between 1972 and 1982, Highway

1835:

was appointed the new minister of the renamed DHO, with

1720:(Port Hope–Peterborough, 46.8 kilometres (29.1 mi)) 1519:

with Montreal via Toronto, by 1884. Simultaneously, the

1145: 6365:"Ontario Opens New Section of Highway in Durham Region" 6096:

Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (June 12, 1997).

6069:

Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (June 17, 2010).

6042:

Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (June 17, 2010).

5969:. Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. Archived from 5967:"What is Involved in Constructing a Four Lane Highway?" 5639:"$ 87 Million Highway 403 Complete As Last Leg Opens". 5557:"Ministries at Loggerheads Over Extension of Highway". 4634:. Vol. 17, no. 13. March 27, 1925. p. 12 3559:, Roads and Transportation in Upper Canada Before 1800. 1929:

1950–1971: The freeway age and the Trans-Canada Highway

1708:(Toronto–Severn River, 154.2 kilometres (95.8 mi)) 1674:(Hamilton–Owen Sound, 181.5 kilometres (112.8 mi)) 1662:(St. Thomas–Elginfield, 51.2 kilometres (31.8 mi)) 1385:

years of age required to perform three or more days of

7456: 7113:"West reiterates call to complete Hwy. 69 four-laning" 6790:"GTA West Highway: Forward Thinking or Retro Mistake?" 6100:(Press release). Government of Ontario. Archived from 5857:. Vol. 132, no. 39, 125. Toronto. p. 1. 5708: 5273:

Hicks, Kathleen A. (2006). "Road Controversy - 1968".

3751: 3211:"Convicted Drivers may be Compelled to Take Insurance" 2353:

400/69, and the Herb Gray Parkway extension of Highway

2182: 1075:

years, France and Britain wrestled for control of the

447:

in funeral convoys along that stretch of the highway.

19:"King's Highways" redirects here. For other uses, see 4884: 4706:. Vol. 19, no. 53. July 8, 1927. p. 10 4135: 3914: 3848: 3798: 2738:"Highway Traffic Act; R.S.O. 1990, Chapter H.8, s. 1" 2341:

Ontario Highway 401 § Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway

1535: 1142:, the oldest continuously used road in the province. 768:

A Trans-Canada Highway marker mounted under a Highway

572:

Reassurance markers for the QEW and Highway 403

533:

A 407 Express Toll Route (407 ETR) reassurance marker

7410: 7304:"Ontario Road Network - Ontario Provincial Highways" 7002:"Ontario Taking Next Steps to Build Bradford Bypass" 5421:

A Historical Timeline for the Township of Gloucester

2967: 2889:. Vol. 1. Government of Ontario. Archived from 2624: 1847:

1934–1948: Dual highways and the Queen Elizabeth Way

1696:(Kincardine–Arthur, 108.6 kilometres (67.5 mi)) 391:, feature the route number within an outline in the 6618:"Herb Gray Parkway Opening This Weekend to Traffic" 5503:"No cheers for the death of the Spadina Expressway" 5032: 4935:"Six Sign Road Pact After Ontario Given Concession" 3724:"The Dundas Portage: Exploring the Logic of Trails" 2412:

412. The extension was free of tolls until February

2337:

Ontario Highway 407 § Highway 407 East project

1766:in the north were instead under the mandate of the 1736:(Kingston–Ottawa, 210.8 kilometres (131.0 mi)) 1680:(Sarnia–Brampton, 272.9 kilometres (169.6 mi)) 1242:. His Rangers began work on this route on September 1219:, following the arrival of news in May of France's 1203:, was appointed to lead the new colony on September 7220:Report of the Provincial Instructor in Road-Making 6817: 6815: 5314:. Carlington Community Association. Archived from 5009:"New Road Opens Up Ontario Wilderness to Tourists" 4964: 4933: 4229:Report of the Provincial Instructor in Road Making 3980: 3217:. Vol. 159, no. 68. Montreal. p. 21 2916:"Stretch of 401 to be renamed 'Highway of Heroes'" 2880:Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (May 2010). 2044:402 was extended to London between 1972 and 1982. 1988:17 from the Manitoba border to the Quebec border. 1770:. The two primary trunk routes were extensions of 1742:(Prescott–Ottawa, 100.3 kilometres (62.3 mi)) 1650:(Windsor–Quebec, 876.3 kilometres (544.5 mi)) 776:, with the TCH departing the 400 to follow Highway 560:Ontario has several distinct classes of highways: 324: 6415:Detroit River International Crossing Study team. 6127:. Canadian Press. September 24, 1999. p. A4. 4969:. The Globe and Mail. April 26, 1950. p. 7. 4577:(8). Monetary Times Print: 246. August 25, 1925. 4485: 4156:Annals of the Association of American Geographers 3024:(8). Monetary Times Print: 246. August 25, 1925. 2329:Ontario Highway 11 § Expansion and rerouting 1668:(Jarvis–Toronto, 116.8 kilometres (72.6 mi)) 1511:gradually assembled together many of the various 1079:while simultaneously exploiting the land for the 9743: 7469: 7323: 6855: 6534:(Press release). URS Corporation. Archived from 6419:. Detroit River International Crossing Project. 6408: 5531:"Canada 150: Remembering the Spadina Expressway" 3981:Quattrociocchi, Loryssa; Phil, D. (March 2021). 3648: 3264:"Risk of Death in Crashes on Ontario's Highways" 3050:Draft Technical Backgrounder: Highways and Roads 1730:(Picton–Foxboro, 46.7 kilometres (29.0 mi)) 1714:(Whitby–Lindsay, 76.9 kilometres (47.8 mi)) 1026: 485:A King's Highway toll route shield with toll tab 6266:"Contract awarded for widening of highway 69". 5992:"New 45-Mile Highway to Link Ottawa with 401". 4966:"Highway No. 17 Secondary Link Of Trans-Canada" 3721: 3183: 3107:(Report). Ministry of Transportation of Ontario 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 2795:"Highway 407 Act; S.O. 1998, Chapter 28, s. 12" 2250: 1372:The majority of settlers up to this point were 7354: 7243: 6351:"Highway 407 extension opens in Durham Region" 6283:Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (2006). 4994: 4919: 4907: 4852: 4727: 4655: 4533: 4473: 4458: 4446: 4434: 4366: 4318: 4306: 4215: 4200: 4188: 4102:Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 4033: 3208: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2694: 1813:2, particularly between Toronto and Hamilton ( 1199:statesman, whom served the British during the 9560: 7442: 7294: 7292: 7086:"A new Highway 11-17 twinning project begins" 6501:"Sierra Club, Bridge Lose bid to Derail DRIC" 6005: 6003: 4610:sfn error: no target: CITEREFShraggeBagnato ( 4147: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 1634:. In 1919, the federal government passed the 1436:1850–1893: Colonization roads and the railway 691:A typical secondary highway with route marker 374:This marker assembly at an intersection with 6849: 5816: 4803: 4329: 4327: 3869: 3427: 3425: 3075:"Alternate Highway 17 Starts West End Fight" 3032: 2717:"Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) counts" 2542: 2322: 7396:Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) 6982:. Town of East Gwillimbury. August 12, 2016 6237:"$ 177-million section of highway now open" 5883: 5827: 5808:"Highway 27 Interchange Fully in Service". 5411: 5345: 5245:. University of Toronto Press. p. 72. 4812:"Remember That 'Little Four-lane Freeway?'" 4408:"Genesis of Good Roads Campaign in Ontario" 4279:. Maclean, Roger & Co. pp. 25–26. 3459: 3457: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 2813: 2103:401 in Toronto from four to a minimum of 12 1630:, was bookended by branches to Niagara and 1254:14, Simcoe travelled with native guides to 1215:30, 1793, at the behest of French merchant 9567: 9553: 9514: 7449: 7435: 7289: 6615: 6532:"The DRIC Announces Preferred Access Road" 6474:"Ambassador Bridge Boss Sues Canada, U.S." 6313:. Government of Ontario. December 23, 2021 6000: 5606: 5500: 5376:Settlement of Claim of Richard Prendiville 5089: 5058: 4605: 4569:"Provincial Highways Now Being Numbered". 4079: 3016:"Provincial Highways Now Being Numbered". 2604:While planning for the twinning of Highway 1794:2, 1927, by Minister of Lands and Forests 269:in 1939. In 1937, the DHO merged with the 6710: 6311:"Ontario Opens Newly Expanded Highway 69" 5786: 5746: 5724:(1). Prestressed Concrete Institute: 46. 5688: 5647: 5632: 5578: 5368: 5149: 5135: 5067:"Search Engine: Highway Mysteries Solved" 4626:"Slashing for Northern Road is Completed" 4490:. Vol. 34, no. 12402. p. 3 4324: 4153: 3568: 3562: 3422: 3408:"Partial Cloverleaf Interchange (Parclo)" 3320:. Montreal. February 18, 1936. p. 14 3289: 3279: 3099: 3047: 2960: 2067:to connect with the American border near 1344:1 of the following year. He began at the 718:is posted at 90 km/h (55 mph). 273:, extending the highway network into the 7470: 7217:Legislative Assembly of Ontario (1897). 7199:Legislative Assembly of Ontario (1896). 7160: 6949: 6679: 6591:"Ground Breaks on Windsor-Essex Parkway" 6382: 6357: 5911: 5861: 5852: 5801: 5772: 5702: 5673: 5592: 5442: 5232: 5220:. Department of Highways. March 31, 1961 4858: 4698:"Will Not Cut Road Budgets in the North" 4585: 4402: 4400: 3663:countries, lands, islands, and coasts... 3620: 3556: 3492: 3454: 3332: 2993:"Ontario Road Safety Annual Report 2019" 2303:began in 1987, and was completed on July 1614:1916–1933: The first provincial highways 1539: 1439: 1319: 1149: 763: 686: 567: 369: 328: 7244:Shragge, John; Bagnato, Sharon (1984). 7239:. Ontario Department of Highways. 1970. 7141: 6738: 6550: 6441: 6325: 6287:. Government of Ontario. Archived from 6148: 6073:. Government of Ontario. Archived from 6046:. Government of Ontario. Archived from 5938: 5812:. Toronto. December 4, 1971. p. 5. 5612: 4931: 4866:"Highway Conditions In Eastern Ontario" 4809: 4508: 4488:"Council Meets Today To Pass Agreement" 4272: 4141: 4073: 3968: 3956: 3944: 3920: 3908: 3857: 3819:"Lieutenant Governor Simcoe's Strategy" 3804: 3754:"History of Ministry of Transportation" 3614: 3353: 3129:A Geographical Study of Bertie Township 2858:. Government of Ontario. March 11, 2020 2763: 2761: 2759: 2453:federal government of the United States 1995:400), Trans-Provincial Highway (Highway 1416:lands and open them to settlement. The 473:A blue-on-yellow QEW reassurance marker 9744: 8485: 6692:from the original on December 25, 2015 6498: 6149:Hartill, Mary Beth (August 16, 2012). 6123:"Ottawa Highway Link Opens". Ontario. 5679: 5468: 5238: 5121: 5064: 5006: 4837: 4768: 4486:The Toronto World (October 26, 1914). 4092: 3816: 3778: 3733:. No. Summer 2008. pp. 10–14 3593: 3587: 3526: 3243:. Government of Ontario. July 24, 2014 2948:. Government of Ontario. July 24, 2014 2908: 2875: 2873: 2836:. Government of Ontario. July 24, 2014 2801:. Government of Ontario. July 24, 2014 2775:. Government of Ontario. July 24, 2014 2744:. Government of Ontario. July 24, 2014 9548: 9407: 8484: 7468: 7430: 7362:Ministry of Transportation of Ontario 7331:Ministry of Transportation of Ontario 7300:Ministry of Transportation of Ontario 7262: 7179: 7083: 7055: 6943: 6931:from the original on January 19, 2021 6907: 6895:from the original on January 30, 2022 6787: 6759: 6680:Thompson, Chris (December 16, 2015). 6593:. Today's Trucking. August 19, 2011. 6523: 6178: 5985: 5528: 5417: 5309: 5272: 5171: 5007:Parker, George W. (August 29, 1960). 4890: 4397: 4244: 4045: 4039: 3722:Henderson, Bob; Bermingham, Patrick. 3380: 3237:"Municipal Act, 2001; SO 2001, c. 25" 3125: 2713:Ministry of Transportation of Ontario 2451:In 2004, a joint announcement by the 2369:69, which will be replaced by Highway 2333:Ontario Highway 69 § Four-laning 2189:other proposed expressways in Toronto 2174:. The battle culminated when premier 1620:Ministry of Transportation of Ontario 1562:properly built roads to communities. 1305:by the end of 1794. The remainder to 1258:and back. Following the advice of an 1146:1792–1849: Settlement of Upper Canada 1098:until 1791, when it was divided into 1094:The colony of Canada was renamed the 1091:, which ceded Canada to the British. 563: 183:Ministry of Transportation of Ontario 6950:Philpott, Natasha (March 21, 2021). 6450:. Canwest Publishing. Archived from 6209: 5894: 5563:. Toronto. May 26, 1981. p. 5. 5065:Walter, Karena (February 21, 2014). 3933:Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1896 3596:"Historic Shores of River St. Clair" 3126:Lewis, Malcolm R. (September 1964). 2922:from the original on January 6, 2011 2756: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2573:427 as well as a right-of-way for a 1365:, as well as several local roads in 94:16,900 km (10,500 mi) 9725: 9576:Provincial and territorial highways 9530: 7223:. Ontario Department of Agriculture 6739:Wilhelm, Trevor (January 4, 2024). 5912:Ibbitson, John (February 1, 1997). 5424:. The Gloucester Historical Society 5363:Ontario Department of Highways 1970 5340:Ontario Department of Highways 1970 4669:"Road Links North With Old Ontario" 3575:. Vol. I. J. H. Beers & Co 3177: 2968:"Traveller Road Information Portal" 2870: 2671:List of Ontario provincial highways 2541:consist of two new freeways in the 2373:400, has progressed northward from 2183:1972–1995: Growth of public transit 1185:Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada 1087:that ended with the signing of the 13: 9408: 7458:Ontario Provincial Highway Network 6856:McCormick Rankin (December 1997). 6628:from the original on June 25, 2015 6616:Battagello, Dave (June 24, 2015). 6480:from the original on April 9, 2011 6353:. 680 News Toronto. June 20, 2016. 6243:. October 27, 2010. Archived from 5658:. Toronto. May 4, 1976. p. 5. 5471:"Need for freeway link not proven" 4932:Baldwin, Warren (April 25, 1950). 4168:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1969.tb00683.x 3594:Deziel, Paul (November 10, 1934). 3529:"New Tourism Sign System Unveiled" 2730: 1999:401), a short expansion of Highway 1839:as deputy minister, following the 1768:Department of Northern Development 1536:1894–1915: The Good Roads Movement 1289:before being redirected to defend 1221:declaration of war against Britain 271:Department of Northern Development 212:in 1791, the new government under 175:Ontario Provincial Highway Network 72:600, and Tertiary Highway 800 31:Ontario Provincial Highway Network 16:Highway network of Ontario, Canada 14: 9773: 7411:Ontario 511 Traveller Information 7389: 7265:QEW – Canada's First Superhighway 7144:The Yonge Street Story: 1793–1860 6711:Gallagher, John (July 15, 2018). 6597:from the original on May 27, 2015 6564:. URS Corporation. Archived from 6442:Liltwin, Natalie (June 3, 2009). 6285:"Status of Construction Activity" 6187:. Canoe Sun Media. Archived from 6181:"Highway 11 four-laning complete" 5157:Annual Report for the Fiscal Year 5114:. December 24, 1959. p. 18. 4938:. The Globe and Mail. p. 1. 3209:Canadian Press (March 20, 1930). 2700: 1191:26, 1792, after overwintering in 555: 9724: 9712: 9700: 9689: 9688: 9529: 9522: 9521: 9513: 9497: 9329: 7845: 7105: 7077: 7049: 7020: 6994: 6969: 6875: 6809: 6788:Javed, Noor (January 30, 2015). 6781: 6753: 6732: 6704: 6673: 6640: 6609: 6583: 6492: 6466: 6435: 6423:from the original on May 4, 2010 6343: 6303: 6276: 6272:. December 18, 2004. p. A6. 6259: 6229: 6203: 6172: 6142: 6131: 6116: 6089: 6062: 6035: 5959: 5939:Boswell, Randy (July 21, 1997). 5932: 5914:"Rough Roads Ahead Under Tories" 5905: 5872: 5846: 5662: 5643:. December 2, 1982. p. A18. 5550: 5522: 5501:Warmington, Joe (June 6, 2021). 5494: 5462: 5443:Bradburn, Jamie (June 3, 2021). 5436: 5400: 5303: 5266: 5208: 5182: 5103: 5000: 4957: 4925: 4013:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 3875:"Simcoe Day Act, 2017, Bill 159" 3629:. No. 102. pp. 751–756 3621:O’Gorman, John J. (March 1916). 3477:– via Archives of Ontario. 2918:. CTV Toronto. August 24, 2007. 2655: 2641: 2627: 2505:Gordie Howe International Bridge 1877:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 1106:(modern Southern Quebec) by the 1083:. This culminated in the global 989: 984: 970: 965: 951: 946: 932: 927: 913: 908: 894: 889: 875: 870: 856: 851: 837: 832: 660:of 130 km/h (81 mph), 538: 526: 514: 502: 490: 478: 466: 461:A King's Highway junction shield 454: 365: 51: 46: 41: 36: 7422:Road maps of Ontario, 1923–2010 7401:MTO 100th Anniversary - History 7282: 7135: 6760:Javed, Noor (January 2, 2015). 6179:Young, Gord (August 10, 2012). 5418:Clark, Glenn (April 14, 2012). 4810:English, Bob (March 16, 2006). 4777: 4759: 4733: 4690: 4661: 4618: 4562: 4539: 4502: 4479: 4372: 4266: 4238: 4221: 4000: 3974: 3888:Legislative Assembly of Ontario 3883:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3863: 3810: 3779:Harvey, Garrett (May 1, 2019). 3772: 3745: 3715: 3690: 3668: 3641: 3520: 3481: 3440: 3400: 3389: 3374: 3306: 3255: 3229: 3202: 3165:. September 21, 1948. p. 4 3151: 3132:(Thesis). McMaster University. 3119: 3093: 3067: 3009: 2985: 2934: 2495:28, 2015, and completed to the 2465:environmental impact assessment 2377:since 1991, reaching as far as 759: 509:Queen Elizabeth Way trailblazer 325:Naming, signage and regulations 9762:1920 establishments in Ontario 8486: 5529:Gupta, Rahul (June 21, 2017). 5110:"Open 400 Link to Coldwater". 4416:. February 23, 1919. p. 8 4245:Aaron, Bob (August 18, 2021). 3817:Mutrie, Ronald Robert (1992). 3410:. The Canadian Design Resource 2848: 2787: 2608:11/17 between Thunder Bay and 2315:16 was redesignated as Highway 2307:31, 1997. Work to twin Highway 2223:between 1977 and 1984, Highway 2215:between 1976 and 1989, Highway 2170:and urban activists including 2040:on Christmas Eve 1959; Highway 2011:), and an expansion of Highway 1851:Smith, inspired by the German 1555:Ontario Good Roads Association 1102:(modern Southern Ontario) and 431:have been posted along Highway 1: 9409: 7184:. Toronto: Polar Bear Press. 6499:Kristy, Dylan (May 5, 2011). 5469:Butler, Don (July 14, 1982). 4741:"Increased Volume of Traffic" 4558:– via Internet Archive. 4384:The Canadian Business Journal 4046:Filey, Mike (July 27, 2019). 3741:– via Krcmar Surveyors. 3731:Ontario Professional Surveyor 2676: 2537:The current proposals by the 2093:Toronto International Airport 2075:south from St. Catharines to 2015:27 (eventually designated as 1472:. This area was known as the 1027:Before 1791: Native footpaths 905:(Entire length as main route) 618: 177:consists of all the roads in 127:Secondary Highway n (500–673) 7035:The Nipigon-Red Rock Gazette 6922:Rescue Lake Simcoe Coalition 5797:. July 22, 1969. p. 43. 5730:10.15554/pcij.11011984.30.47 4546:"III. Provincial Highways". 3781:"The Oldest Road in Ontario" 3752:Ministry of Transportation. 2681: 2432:2B, which opened on December 2251:1996–1999: Highway Transfers 1432:during the 1830s and 1840s. 1114:fleeing north following the 682: 302:Environmental Assessment Act 300:and the introduction of the 7: 9752:Ontario provincial highways 6210:Ross, Ian (July 13, 2008). 5955:– via Newspapers.com. 5941:"On A (Back) Road to Ruin?" 5928:– via Newspapers.com. 5760:. July 20, 1970. p. 10 5487:– via Newspapers.com. 5025:– via Newspapers.com. 4714:– via Newspapers.com. 4686:– via Newspapers.com. 4642:– via Newspapers.com. 3676:"Constitutional Act (1791)" 3610:– via Newspapers.com. 3225:– via Newspapers.com. 3173:– via Newspapers.com. 3159:"A Forest of Highway Signs" 3100:MMM Group (April 9, 2014). 3089:– via Newspapers.com. 3048:IBI Group (November 2016). 2620: 2597:and Newmarket. Like Highway 2420:2A, which opened on January 2192:compared to prior decades. 1448:in 1901, winding through a 1424:by building routes such as 1246:10, 1793. Between September 1187:, landed at Niagara on July 756:, none end in settlements. 743: 146:Ontario provincial highways 102:February 26, 1920 10: 9778: 7417:Ontario's Highway Programs 7267:. The Boston Mills Press. 7246:From Footpaths to Freeways 7084:Staff (December 8, 2020). 6476:CBC News. March 25, 2010. 6444:"DRIC Controversy Goes On" 6151:"Four-laning finally done" 5754:"Two Big Road Jobs Ending" 5196:. July 31, 1958. p. 7 5190:"Above the Regular Budget" 4995:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4920:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4908:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4853:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4728:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4656:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4534:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4474:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4459:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4447:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4435:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4367:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4319:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4307:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4273:Fleming, Sandford (1880). 4216:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4201:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4189:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 4034:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 3623:"Ontario's Pioneer Priest" 3602:. p. 1, Section Three 3572:History of the Great Lakes 2695:Shragge & Bagnato 1984 2526: 2326: 2211:404 north from Toronto to 2036:400 was extended north to 1932: 1567:Archibald William Campbell 1476:. In 1847, an exploration 1201:American Revolutionary War 1081:fur trade of North America 1069:Joseph de La Roche Daillon 1021: 677:throughout North America. 622: 287:controlled-access highways 18: 9757:Lists of roads in Ontario 9683: 9623:Newfoundland and Labrador 9586: 9510: 9495: 9416: 9403: 9338: 9327: 8493: 8480: 8455: 7952: 7854: 7843: 7477: 7464: 7406:Official Ontario road map 7335:"Speed Limits in Ontario" 7263:Stamp, Robert M. (1987). 7161:Bradford, Robert (2015). 7056:Staff (August 17, 2012). 6216:Northern Ontario Business 4818:. Toronto. Archived from 4678:. July 4, 1927. p. 4 4509:Shragge, John G. (2007). 3971:, pp. 21–24, 29, 35. 3354:Shragge, John G. (2007). 3281:10.1186/1471-2458-12-1125 2522: 2475:, it was announced on May 2323:2000–2023: Recent history 2243:7 between 1976 and 1991. 1873:1939 royal tour of Canada 1841:1934 provincial elections 1579:Department of Agriculture 1352:crosses it today, on June 1007: 962:(Entire length as branch) 943:(Entire length as branch) 635:Interstate Highway System 265:, which would become the 141: 136: 130:Tertiary Road n (800–813) 118: 113: 98: 90: 82: 77: 35: 30: 5071:The Niagara Falls Review 5041:"2.0 Background History" 4785:"Hopes to Improve Roads" 4296:– via Archive.org. 3356:"Highway 401: The Story" 3314:"Hopes to Improve Roads" 3184:Don W. Thompson (1969). 2283:In the 1980s and 1990s, 2158:and most infamously the 1521:Canadian Pacific Railway 867:(2 sections as branches) 521:Highway of Heroes shield 124:King's Highway n (2–169) 7182:Toronto's Lost Villages 7146:. McGraw-Hill Ryerson. 6417:"DRIC Reports (Canada)" 5654:"Headache on the 401". 5626:(subscription required) 5572:(subscription required) 5490:(subscription required) 5276:Malton: Farms to Flying 5028:(subscription required) 3824:The Long Point Settlers 3760:. Government of Ontario 2261:Common Sense Revolution 1875:, taking its name from 1610:drive it every Sunday. 1507:Beginning in 1852, the 1374:United Empire Loyalists 1112:United Empire Loyalists 1089:Treaty of Paris in 1763 668:median barrier and the 603:("business route"), or 7142:Berchem, F.R. (1977). 4743:. County And Suburbs. 4093:Murray, Derek (2013). 3873:(September 28, 2017). 3698:"Historical Documents" 3651:Treaty of Paris (1763) 3600:The Border Cities Star 2428:418 interchange. Phase 2140:Thunder Bay Expressway 1828:Queen Street Extension 1549: 1457: 1325: 1313:28, 1795, and February 1217:Philippe de Rocheblave 1170: 1155: 1015:Ontario Tourist Routes 817:Northern Ontario Route 784: 692: 675:cloverleaf interchange 576: 380: 338: 68:401, Secondary Highway 9628:Northwest Territories 7006:Government of Ontario 6888:Environmental Defence 6159:Metroland Media Group 6023:on September 29, 2018 5239:Sewell, John (2009). 4822:on September 30, 2007 4606:Shragge & Bagnato 4571:The Canadian Engineer 4449:, pp. 43–44, 71. 3018:The Canadian Engineer 2481:Windsor–Essex Parkway 2396:ETR, known as Highway 2095:; and The Queensway ( 1837:Robert Melville Smith 1543: 1443: 1430:Toronto–Sydenham Road 1323: 1297:— and the nearly 200 1158: 1153: 1052:guides. His emissary 805:Central Ontario Route 767: 690: 599:("alternate route"), 571: 373: 332: 9660:Prince Edward Island 7413:- Highway conditions 6891:. February 3, 2021. 6291:on December 19, 2006 6241:CottageCountryNow.ca 5780:Construction Program 5077:on December 22, 2015 3890:. pp. 5359–5366 3785:Bay of Quinte Region 3527:Antler, Jim (1997). 2553:, connecting Highway 2457:Government of Canada 2404:1 was opened on June 2168:Metropolitan Toronto 1939:Trans-Canada Highway 1821:(Dundas Street), or 1603:Lake Shore Boulevard 1577:15, 1896, under the 1422:Southwestern Ontario 1234:to the forks of the 1226:Having reformed the 789:Trans-Canada Highway 497:A trailblazer shield 7856:400-series highways 7471:The King's Highways 7180:Brown, Ron (1997). 7119:. September 1, 2022 6538:on December 2, 2010 6155:Huntsville Forester 6071:"Highway 416 South" 6044:"Highway 416 North" 4675:Brantford Expositor 3988:(Report). p. 3 3827:. Log Cabin Books. 2529:Ontario Highway 413 2297:Highway 16 New 1935:400-series highways 1869:Queen Elizabeth Way 1636:Canada Highways Act 1591:Highway Traffic Act 1559:Good Roads Movement 1513:shortline railroads 1509:Grand Trunk Railway 1480:was carried out by 1209:Niagara-on-the-Lake 1207:12, 1791. Although 1116:American Revolution 1038:Samuel de Champlain 981:(Section as branch) 924:(Section as branch) 886:(Section as branch) 848:(Section as branch) 821:Ottawa Valley Route 813:Lake Superior Route 625:400-series highways 545:407 ETR trailblazer 406:isosceles trapezoid 385:reassurance markers 291:400-series highways 267:Queen Elizabeth Way 251:Canada Highways Act 8494:Secondary highways 8487:Secondary highways 7008:. November 9, 2022 6718:Detroit Free Press 6396:. December 9, 2019 6050:on August 31, 2011 5994:The Globe and Mail 5945:The Ottawa Citizen 5918:The Ottawa Citizen 5855:The Globe and Mail 5810:The Globe and Mail 5758:The Ottawa Citizen 5656:The Globe and Mail 5560:The Globe and Mail 5310:Robertson, Peter. 5194:The Ottawa Citizen 5014:Detroit Free Press 4870:The Ottawa Citizen 4191:, pp. 31, 40. 3383:The Guelph Mercury 3163:The Ottawa Journal 3079:The Ottawa Citizen 2513:Interstate 75 2205:Don Valley Parkway 2160:Spadina Expressway 2087:to connect Highway 2057:Don Valley Parkway 2003:7 approaching the 1550: 1486:colonization roads 1474:Ottawa–Huron Tract 1458: 1454:Brudenell Township 1376:— settlers of the 1326: 1299:Pennsylvania Dutch 1181:John Graves Simcoe 1174:John Graves Simcoe 1156: 1108:Constitutional Act 1096:Province of Quebec 809:Georgian Bay Route 785: 700:county road system 696:Secondary highways 693: 580:The King's Highway 577: 564:The King's Highway 381: 339: 298:Spadina Expressway 214:John Graves Simcoe 206:indigenous peoples 181:maintained by the 83:Maintained by the 78:System information 64:17, King's Highway 60:for King's Highway 9739: 9738: 9542: 9541: 9506: 9505: 9399: 9398: 8476: 8475: 7255:978-0-7743-9388-1 7191:978-1-896757-02-5 7172:978-1-4597-2412-9 7165:. Dundurn Press. 7004:(Press release). 6511:on April 23, 2012 5536:North York Mirror 5318:on April 26, 2012 5252:978-0-8020-9884-9 4997:, pp. 84–87. 4922:, pp. 89–91. 4730:, pp. 79–81. 4536:, pp. 73–75. 4476:, pp. 68–69. 4461:, pp. 55–63. 4413:The Toronto World 4309:, pp. 43–44. 4218:, pp. 17–19. 4114:10.7202/1025077ar 4076:, pp. 38–39. 3959:, pp. 20–21. 3947:, pp. 16–20. 3911:, pp. 14–16. 3758:www.mto.gov.on.ca 3362:on March 28, 2008 3268:BMC Public Health 2697:, pp. 74–75. 2469:Ambassador Bridge 2152:Hanlon Expressway 2128:Conestoga Parkway 2032:10, 1964; Highway 2005:Blue Water Bridge 1796:William Finlayson 1378:Thirteen Colonies 1336:, in what in now 1285:to just north of 1044:, accompanied by 801:western provinces 725:, though it once 666:Ontario Tall Wall 397:St Edward's Crown 393:shape of a shield 343:rules of the road 309:and expansion of 307:Herb Gray Parkway 191:unsigned highways 171: 170: 9769: 9728: 9727: 9716: 9704: 9692: 9691: 9608:British Columbia 9569: 9562: 9555: 9546: 9545: 9533: 9532: 9525: 9524: 9517: 9516: 9501: 9405: 9404: 9333: 8482: 8481: 7849: 7479:Current highways 7466: 7465: 7451: 7444: 7437: 7428: 7427: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7358: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7296: 7278: 7259: 7240: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7213: 7211: 7209: 7195: 7176: 7157: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7109: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7032: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6981: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6930: 6919: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6879: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6862: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6840: 6838: 6824:The Toronto Star 6821: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6661:on March 4, 2016 6660: 6653: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6622:The Windsor Star 6613: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6587: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6570: 6563: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6527: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6507:. Archived from 6505:The Windsor Star 6496: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6454:on June 11, 2009 6439: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6369:Ontario Newsroom 6361: 6355: 6354: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6339:. June 21, 2016. 6329: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6307: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6247:on July 26, 2011 6233: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6191:on July 14, 2014 6185:North Bay Nugget 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6120: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6093: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6022: 6015: 6007: 5998: 5997: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5963: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5936: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5858: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5813: 5805: 5799: 5798: 5795:The Toronto Star 5790: 5784: 5783: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5736: 5715: 5706: 5700: 5699: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5682:The Toronto Star 5677: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5466: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5388:on July 27, 2014 5387: 5380: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5281: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5112:The Toronto Star 5107: 5101: 5100: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5073:. Archived from 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5045: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5004: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4968: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4937: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4843:Stamp pp. 11–12. 4841: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4827: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4781: 4775: 4774:Stamp pp. 19–20. 4772: 4766: 4765:Filey pp. 61–62. 4763: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4608:, p. 73–75. 4603: 4597: 4596: 4593:Ontario Road Map 4589: 4583: 4582: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4404: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4331: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4286:978-06653-0185-8 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4099: 4090: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3987: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3879: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3728: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3702:Constitution 150 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3655: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3501:Ontario Road Map 3496: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3466:Ontario Road Map 3461: 3452: 3451: 3448:Ontario Road Map 3444: 3438: 3437: 3429: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3358:. Archived from 3351: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3293: 3283: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3106: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3054: 3045: 3030: 3029: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2997: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2896:on March 8, 2016 2895: 2888: 2877: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2826: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2765: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2709: 2698: 2692: 2665: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2651: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2637: 2632: 2631: 2630: 2616: 2607: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2561:407 with Highway 2560: 2556: 2547:Highway 413 2544: 2540: 2510: 2502: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2384: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301:Highway 417 2285:Highway 416 2278: 2245:Highway 410 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2218: 2210: 2202: 2198: 2164:Downtown Toronto 2142:in Thunder Bay, 2122: 2118: 2109:Islington Avenue 2106: 2102: 2097:Highway 417 2090: 2085:Highway 409 2082: 2073:Highway 406 2065:Highway 405 2061:Highway 404 2049:Highway 403 2043: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2017:Highway 427 2014: 2009:Highway 402 2002: 1998: 1994: 1987: 1983: 1978:Sault Ste. Marie 1966: 1962: 1957:Highway 103 1954: 1950: 1946: 1924: 1920: 1889: 1882: 1857:divided highways 1855:—new "dual-lane 1833:Thomas McQuesten 1812: 1800:Ferguson Highway 1793: 1784:Sault Ste. Marie 1760:Northern Ontario 1718:Highway 12A 1576: 1531: 1527: 1503: 1491: 1384: 1355: 1343: 1316: 1312: 1280: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1214: 1206: 1190: 1176: 1167: 1163: 1085:Seven Years' War 1077:colony of Canada 1074: 998:Highway 417 996: 993: 992: 988: 987: 979:Highway 400 977: 974: 973: 969: 968: 958: 955: 954: 950: 949: 939: 936: 935: 931: 930: 920: 917: 916: 912: 911: 901: 898: 897: 893: 892: 882: 879: 878: 874: 873: 863: 860: 859: 855: 854: 844: 841: 840: 836: 835: 779: 771: 754:Highway 802 727:included a route 716:Highway 655 704:Highway 537 652: 645:of neighbouring 643:Autoroute system 631:southern portion 542: 530: 518: 506: 494: 482: 470: 458: 434: 360:Northern Ontario 357: 319:Highway 413 279:Northern Ontario 187:Highway 401 109: 107: 71: 67: 63: 55: 50: 45: 40: 28: 27: 9777: 9776: 9772: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9767: 9766: 9742: 9741: 9740: 9735: 9679: 9582: 9573: 9543: 9538: 9502: 9493: 9412: 9395: 9334: 9325: 8489: 8472: 8468:Bradford Bypass 8451: 7954:Former highways 7948: 7850: 7841: 7473: 7460: 7455: 7392: 7387: 7386: 7376: 7374: 7359: 7355: 7345: 7343: 7328: 7324: 7314: 7312: 7297: 7290: 7285: 7275: 7256: 7226: 7224: 7207: 7205: 7192: 7173: 7154: 7138: 7133: 7132: 7122: 7120: 7111: 7110: 7106: 7096: 7094: 7091:TBNewsWatch.com 7082: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7063:TBNewsWatch.com 7054: 7050: 7040: 7038: 7030: 7026: 7025: 7021: 7011: 7009: 7000: 6999: 6995: 6985: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6960: 6958: 6948: 6944: 6934: 6932: 6928: 6917: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6898: 6896: 6881: 6880: 6876: 6866: 6864: 6860: 6854: 6850: 6836: 6834: 6814: 6810: 6800: 6798: 6786: 6782: 6772: 6770: 6758: 6754: 6737: 6733: 6723: 6721: 6709: 6705: 6695: 6693: 6678: 6674: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6651: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6614: 6610: 6600: 6598: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6574: 6572: 6571:on July 6, 2011 6568: 6561: 6555: 6551: 6541: 6539: 6528: 6524: 6514: 6512: 6497: 6493: 6483: 6481: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6457: 6455: 6440: 6436: 6426: 6424: 6413: 6409: 6399: 6397: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6373: 6371: 6363: 6362: 6358: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6316: 6314: 6309: 6308: 6304: 6294: 6292: 6281: 6277: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6250: 6248: 6235: 6234: 6230: 6220: 6218: 6208: 6204: 6194: 6192: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6147: 6143: 6137: 6136: 6132: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6107: 6105: 6104:on May 20, 2001 6094: 6090: 6080: 6078: 6077:on May 20, 2001 6067: 6063: 6053: 6051: 6040: 6036: 6026: 6024: 6020: 6013: 6009: 6008: 6001: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5973:on June 8, 2011 5965: 5964: 5960: 5950: 5948: 5937: 5933: 5923: 5921: 5910: 5906: 5900: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5866: 5862: 5851: 5847: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5763: 5761: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5734: 5732: 5713: 5707: 5703: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5678: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5625: 5617:. p. A19. 5611: 5607: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5571: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5527: 5523: 5513: 5511: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5482: 5480: 5467: 5463: 5453: 5451: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5416: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5391: 5389: 5385: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5361: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5338: 5331: 5321: 5319: 5308: 5304: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5279: 5271: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5237: 5233: 5223: 5221: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5172: 5162: 5160: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5063: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5020: 5018: 5005: 5001: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4963: 4962: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4897: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4838: 4825: 4823: 4808: 4804: 4794: 4792: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4726: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4681: 4679: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4654: 4647: 4637: 4635: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4532: 4525: 4515: 4513: 4511:"Story Archive" 4507: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4484: 4480: 4472: 4465: 4457: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4406: 4405: 4398: 4388: 4386: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4365: 4358: 4348: 4346: 4345:. June 14, 2020 4333: 4332: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4243: 4239: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4214: 4207: 4199: 4195: 4187: 4183: 4152: 4148: 4140: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4097: 4091: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4058: 4056: 4044: 4040: 4032: 4028: 4018: 4016: 4008:"Danforth, Asa" 4006: 4005: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3975: 3967: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3943: 3939: 3931: 3927: 3919: 3915: 3907: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3877: 3868: 3864: 3856: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3815: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3777: 3773: 3763: 3761: 3750: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3726: 3720: 3716: 3706: 3704: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3632: 3630: 3619: 3615: 3605: 3603: 3592: 3588: 3578: 3576: 3567: 3563: 3555: 3548: 3538: 3536: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3463: 3462: 3455: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3431: 3430: 3423: 3413: 3411: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3379: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3352: 3333: 3323: 3321: 3312: 3311: 3307: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3182: 3178: 3168: 3166: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3142: 3140: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3094: 3084: 3082: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3046: 3033: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2899: 2897: 2893: 2886: 2878: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2828: 2827: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2778: 2776: 2767: 2766: 2757: 2747: 2745: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2721: 2719: 2710: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2661: 2656: 2654: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2633: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2598: 2590: 2589:400 and Highway 2586: 2583:Bradford Bypass 2570: 2569:410 and Highway 2566: 2562: 2558: 2557:401 and Highway 2554: 2535: 2533:Bradford Bypass 2525: 2508: 2500: 2497:Ojibway Parkway 2492: 2488: 2484: 2476: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2382: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2325: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2293:grade-separated 2276: 2253: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2231:27 into Highway 2228: 2224: 2216: 2208: 2200: 2196: 2185: 2144:Highbury Avenue 2120: 2116: 2104: 2100: 2088: 2080: 2041: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2012: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1985: 1981: 1967:17 through the 1964: 1960: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1941: 1931: 1922: 1918: 1915:Highway 27 1911:Highway 11 1887: 1880: 1849: 1823:the Middle Road 1810: 1791: 1776:Highway 17 1772:Highway 11 1762:initially, and 1756:Canadian Shield 1752: 1751: 1746:Highway 17 1740:Highway 16 1734:Highway 15 1728:Highway 14 1723: 1712:Highway 12 1706:Highway 11 1700:Highway 10 1683: 1616: 1574: 1571:Perry Doolittle 1546:Perry Doolittle 1538: 1529: 1525: 1501: 1498:Malden Township 1489: 1462:Canadian Shield 1450:stripped forest 1438: 1382: 1353: 1341: 1314: 1310: 1307:Holland Landing 1287:Sheppard Avenue 1283:Eglinton Avenue 1278: 1256:Penetanguishene 1251: 1247: 1243: 1238:in present-day 1228:Queen's Rangers 1212: 1204: 1188: 1178: 1172: 1165: 1161: 1148: 1072: 1065:Joseph Le Caron 1029: 1024: 1010: 1003: 994: 990: 985: 975: 971: 966: 960:Highway 71 956: 952: 947: 941:Highway 69 937: 933: 928: 922:Highway 66 918: 914: 909: 903:Highway 17 899: 895: 890: 884:Highway 12 880: 876: 871: 865:Highway 11 861: 857: 852: 842: 838: 833: 777: 769: 762: 746: 723:Central Ontario 708:Greater Sudbury 685: 650: 627: 621: 566: 558: 552: 550: 549: 548: 547: 546: 543: 535: 534: 531: 523: 522: 519: 511: 510: 507: 499: 498: 495: 487: 486: 483: 475: 474: 471: 463: 462: 459: 432: 368: 355: 327: 315:Bradford Bypass 311:Highway 69 275:Canadian Shield 263:the Middle Road 256:King's Highways 105: 103: 73: 69: 65: 61: 58:Highway markers 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9775: 9765: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9737: 9736: 9734: 9733: 9721: 9709: 9697: 9684: 9681: 9680: 9678: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9656: 9655: 9650: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9604: 9603: 9598: 9587: 9584: 9583: 9572: 9571: 9564: 9557: 9549: 9540: 9539: 9511: 9508: 9507: 9504: 9503: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9420: 9418: 9414: 9413: 9410:Tertiary roads 9401: 9400: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9342: 9340: 9336: 9335: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8497: 8495: 8491: 8490: 8478: 8477: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8470: 8465: 8459: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7958: 7956: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7860: 7858: 7852: 7851: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7483: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7462: 7461: 7454: 7453: 7446: 7439: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7391: 7390:External links 7388: 7385: 7384: 7353: 7322: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7279: 7273: 7260: 7254: 7241: 7233: 7214: 7196: 7190: 7177: 7171: 7158: 7152: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7104: 7076: 7048: 7019: 6993: 6968: 6956:Bradford Today 6942: 6906: 6874: 6848: 6808: 6780: 6752: 6731: 6703: 6672: 6639: 6608: 6582: 6549: 6522: 6491: 6465: 6434: 6407: 6381: 6356: 6342: 6337:Inside Toronto 6324: 6302: 6275: 6258: 6228: 6202: 6171: 6141: 6130: 6115: 6088: 6061: 6034: 5999: 5984: 5958: 5931: 5904: 5893: 5882: 5871: 5860: 5845: 5826: 5815: 5800: 5785: 5771: 5745: 5701: 5687: 5672: 5661: 5646: 5631: 5605: 5591: 5577: 5549: 5521: 5493: 5476:Ottawa Citizen 5461: 5435: 5410: 5399: 5367: 5355: 5344: 5329: 5302: 5288: 5265: 5251: 5231: 5207: 5181: 5170: 5148: 5134: 5120: 5102: 5088: 5057: 5031: 4999: 4987: 4956: 4924: 4912: 4895: 4893:, p. 105. 4883: 4857: 4845: 4836: 4816:Globe And Mail 4802: 4776: 4767: 4758: 4732: 4717: 4689: 4660: 4645: 4617: 4598: 4584: 4561: 4538: 4523: 4501: 4478: 4463: 4451: 4439: 4427: 4396: 4371: 4356: 4323: 4311: 4299: 4285: 4265: 4237: 4220: 4205: 4193: 4181: 4162:(3): 417–440. 4146: 4134: 4108:(2): 156–188. 4078: 4066: 4038: 4026: 3999: 3973: 3961: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3901: 3862: 3847: 3834:978-0969281245 3833: 3809: 3797: 3771: 3744: 3714: 3689: 3667: 3640: 3627:Catholic World 3613: 3586: 3561: 3546: 3519: 3508:on May 7, 2021 3491: 3480: 3453: 3439: 3421: 3399: 3388: 3373: 3331: 3305: 3254: 3228: 3201: 3194: 3176: 3150: 3118: 3092: 3066: 3031: 3008: 2984: 2959: 2933: 2907: 2869: 2847: 2812: 2786: 2755: 2729: 2699: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2652: 2638: 2635:Ontario portal 2622: 2619: 2524: 2521: 2440:35 and Highway 2416:1, 2017. Phase 2324: 2321: 2295:interchanges. 2272:municipalities 2252: 2249: 2239:401 to Highway 2221:St. Catharines 2184: 2181: 2107:lanes between 2069:St. Catharines 1930: 1927: 1892:Highland Creek 1848: 1845: 1819:Highway 5 1815:Lakeshore Road 1750: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1724: 1722: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1697: 1694:Highway 9 1691: 1688:Highway 8 1684: 1682: 1681: 1678:Highway 7 1675: 1672:Highway 6 1669: 1666:Highway 5 1663: 1660:Highway 4 1657: 1654:Highway 3 1651: 1648:Highway 2 1644: 1643: 1615: 1612: 1607:Lakeshore Road 1537: 1534: 1437: 1434: 1418:Canada Company 1408:and clay-rich 1387:statute labour 1363:Highway 2 1295:William Berczy 1275:Augustus Jones 1250:25 and October 1157: 1147: 1144: 1140:Carrying Place 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1009: 1006: 1002: 1001: 982: 963: 944: 925: 906: 887: 868: 849: 846:Highway 7 829: 793:National Parks 761: 758: 749:Tertiary roads 745: 742: 684: 681: 623:Main article: 620: 617: 565: 562: 557: 556:Classification 554: 544: 537: 536: 532: 525: 524: 520: 513: 512: 508: 501: 500: 496: 489: 488: 484: 477: 476: 472: 465: 464: 460: 453: 452: 451: 450: 449: 395:, topped by a 376:Highway 6 367: 364: 326: 323: 195:decommissioned 169: 168: 167: 166: 161: 156: 150: 149: 139: 138: 134: 133: 132: 131: 128: 125: 120: 116: 115: 111: 110: 100: 96: 95: 92: 88: 87: 80: 79: 75: 74: 56: 33: 32: 21:King's Highway 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9774: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9732: 9731: 9722: 9720: 9719: 9718:Canada portal 9715: 9710: 9708: 9707: 9703: 9698: 9696: 9695: 9686: 9685: 9682: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9645: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9618:New Brunswick 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9593: 9592: 9589: 9588: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9570: 9565: 9563: 9558: 9556: 9551: 9550: 9547: 9537: 9536: 9528: 9520: 9509: 9500: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 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7183: 7178: 7174: 7168: 7164: 7159: 7155: 7153:0-07-082567-X 7149: 7145: 7140: 7139: 7118: 7114: 7108: 7093: 7092: 7087: 7080: 7065: 7064: 7059: 7052: 7036: 7029: 7023: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6978: 6972: 6957: 6953: 6946: 6927: 6923: 6916: 6910: 6894: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6878: 6859: 6852: 6845: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6820: 6812: 6797: 6796: 6791: 6784: 6769: 6768: 6763: 6756: 6748: 6747: 6742: 6735: 6720: 6719: 6714: 6707: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6676: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6612: 6596: 6592: 6586: 6567: 6560: 6559:"Parkway Map" 6553: 6537: 6533: 6526: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6495: 6479: 6475: 6469: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6438: 6422: 6418: 6411: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6370: 6366: 6360: 6352: 6346: 6338: 6334: 6328: 6312: 6306: 6290: 6286: 6279: 6271: 6270: 6262: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6232: 6217: 6213: 6206: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6175: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6145: 6134: 6126: 6119: 6103: 6099: 6092: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6049: 6045: 6038: 6027:September 30, 6019: 6012: 6006: 6004: 5995: 5988: 5972: 5968: 5962: 5946: 5942: 5935: 5920:. p. E10 5919: 5915: 5908: 5897: 5886: 5875: 5864: 5856: 5849: 5841: 5837: 5830: 5819: 5811: 5804: 5796: 5789: 5781: 5775: 5759: 5755: 5749: 5742: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5712: 5705: 5697: 5691: 5684:. p. A8. 5683: 5676: 5665: 5657: 5650: 5642: 5635: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5601: 5600:Annual Report 5595: 5587: 5581: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5561: 5553: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5525: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5497: 5478: 5477: 5472: 5465: 5450: 5446: 5439: 5423: 5422: 5414: 5403: 5384: 5377: 5371: 5365:, p. 12. 5364: 5359: 5348: 5342:, p. 11. 5341: 5336: 5334: 5317: 5313: 5306: 5291: 5289:0-9697873-9-1 5285: 5278: 5277: 5269: 5254: 5248: 5244: 5243: 5235: 5219: 5218: 5217:Annual Report 5211: 5195: 5191: 5185: 5174: 5158: 5152: 5144: 5143:Annual Report 5138: 5130: 5124: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5098: 5092: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5042: 5035: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5003: 4996: 4991: 4976: 4972: 4967: 4960: 4945: 4941: 4936: 4928: 4921: 4916: 4910:, p. 93. 4909: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4892: 4887: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4855:, p. 79. 4854: 4849: 4840: 4833: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4806: 4790: 4786: 4780: 4771: 4762: 4746: 4745:Toronto World 4742: 4736: 4729: 4724: 4722: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4693: 4677: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4658:, p. 77. 4657: 4652: 4650: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4613: 4607: 4602: 4594: 4588: 4581: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4549: 4548:Annual Report 4542: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4512: 4505: 4489: 4482: 4475: 4470: 4468: 4460: 4455: 4448: 4443: 4437:, p. 71. 4436: 4431: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4403: 4401: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4369:, p. 43. 4368: 4363: 4361: 4344: 4343:Village Media 4340: 4336: 4330: 4328: 4320: 4315: 4308: 4303: 4288: 4282: 4278: 4277: 4269: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4241: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4217: 4212: 4210: 4203:, p. 17. 4202: 4197: 4190: 4185: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4144:, p. 29. 4143: 4138: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4096: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4075: 4070: 4055: 4054: 4049: 4042: 4036:, p. 13. 4035: 4030: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4003: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3965: 3958: 3953: 3946: 3941: 3935:, p. 31. 3934: 3929: 3923:, p. 15. 3922: 3917: 3910: 3905: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3860:, p. 10. 3859: 3854: 3852: 3836: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3820: 3813: 3807:, p. 11. 3806: 3801: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3759: 3755: 3748: 3732: 3725: 3718: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3677: 3671: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3652: 3644: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3601: 3597: 3590: 3574: 3573: 3565: 3558: 3557:Bradford 2015 3553: 3551: 3534: 3533:The Outfitter 3530: 3523: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3495: 3484: 3468: 3467: 3460: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3436: 3428: 3426: 3409: 3403: 3392: 3385:. p. 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Ontario: 3324:February 9, 3318:The Gazette 3215:The Gazette 3169:January 19, 3138:11375/18581 2972:Ontario 511 2926:February 3, 2499:on November 2375:Waubaushene 2349:11, Highway 2289:carriageway 2267:downloading 2257:Mike Harris 2172:Jane Jacobs 2119:27, Highway 2059:Extension ( 2007:in Sarnia ( 1963:69; Highway 1959:and Highway 1871:during the 1865:interchange 1764:Trunk Roads 1598:macadamized 1482:Robert Bell 1367:Scarborough 1334:Trent River 1193:Quebec City 1056:as well as 1042:Great Lakes 772:400 shield 732:Parry Sound 574:concurrency 445:Afghanistan 441:CFB Trenton 410:Highway 407 238:plank roads 9746:Categories 9361:Manitoulin 7371:ArcGIS.com 7340:ArcGIS.com 7309:ArcGIS.com 6515:January 2, 6374:January 2, 6295:August 24, 6269:Sault Star 6251:August 14, 6221:August 14, 5623:1373285177 5569:1143169307 5050:January 6, 4975:1291386930 4944:1291203460 4891:Brown 1997 4703:The Nugget 4631:The Nugget 3658:Wikisource 2677:References 2575:transitway 2527:See also: 2381:on October 2327:See also: 2259:under his 2207:as Highway 2176:Bill Davis 2051:) through 1951:7, Highway 1933:See also: 1883:26, 1940. 1587:chauffeurs 1426:Huron Road 1317:16, 1796. 1291:Fort Miami 1281:lots from 1058:Franciscan 797:maple leaf 670:Parclo A-4 619:400-series 236:and later 164:400-series 106:1920-02-26 9366:Nipissing 7377:March 14, 7227:March 28, 7208:March 28, 6832:0319-0781 6801:March 17, 6773:March 17, 6696:March 10, 6665:March 10, 5951:March 13, 5924:March 13, 5840:0714-1149 5449:TVO Today 4980:April 12, 4949:April 12, 4339:Soo Today 4176:0004-5608 4122:1712-6274 3894:March 28, 3840:March 28, 3790:March 28, 3764:March 15, 3737:March 15, 3707:March 15, 3682:March 15, 3633:March 14, 3579:March 14, 3539:March 13, 2722:March 13, 2682:Footnotes 2213:Newmarket 2132:Kitchener 2091:401 with 2079:; Highway 2038:Coldwater 1896:West Hill 1853:autobahns 1780:North Bay 1593:in 1923. 1504:1, 2022. 1398:Lake Erie 1359:Port Hope 1346:Don River 1340:, by July 1328:In 1798, 1303:Bond Lake 1061:Récollets 736:Nipissing 683:Secondary 335:rear side 283:war years 9694:Category 9613:Manitoba 9527:Category 9351:Cochrane 8456:Proposed 7346:March 8, 7315:March 8, 6986:April 7, 6961:April 7, 6926:Archived 6893:Archived 6867:April 1, 6844:minutes. 6690:Archived 6632:June 25, 6626:Archived 6595:Archived 6484:June 16, 6478:Archived 6458:June 16, 6421:Archived 6011:EA-86-01 5943:. City. 5764:June 18, 5619:ProQuest 5565:ProQuest 5295:April 4, 5224:July 29, 5163:July 25, 4971:ProQuest 4940:ProQuest 3473:March 9, 3300:23273001 3274:: 1125. 3247:March 8, 3221:March 7, 3143:March 9, 3111:March 9, 3085:March 9, 3059:March 9, 2977:March 8, 2952:March 8, 2920:Archived 2900:March 8, 2862:March 8, 2840:March 8, 2805:March 8, 2779:March 8, 2748:March 8, 2715:(2016). 2621:See also 2595:Bradford 2551:Brampton 2503:21, The 2136:Waterloo 2053:Hamilton 1804:Swastika 1788:Cochrane 1569:and Dr. 1348:, where 1136:tangents 1063:such as 1050:Iroquois 744:Tertiary 379:inverted 234:corduroy 226:township 204:used by 202:portages 9643:Ontario 9638:Nunavut 9591:Alberta 9381:Sudbury 6601:May 27, 6394:On-Site 5428:July 1, 5258:July 1, 4710:May 28, 4682:May 28, 4638:May 28, 3414:June 4, 3291:3543722 2613:Highway 2610:Nipigon 2517:Detroit 2461:Detroit 2077:Welland 2020:Highway 1974:Nipigon 1900:grading 1624:Windsor 1338:Trenton 1034:portage 1022:History 782:(right) 641:or the 637:in the 437:Toronto 421:towards 389:shields 347:407 ETR 179:Ontario 154:Current 104: ( 9665:Quebec 9653:former 9601:former 9580:Canada 9356:Kenora 9346:Algoma 7271: 7252: 7188: 7169: 7150: 6935:May 3, 6899:May 3, 6830: 5838: 5621: 5567: 5286: 5249: 4973: 4942: 4283: 4174: 4120: 3831: 3653: 3298: 3288: 3241:e-Laws 3192: 2946:e-Laws 2834:e-Laws 2799:e-Laws 2773:e-Laws 2742:e-Laws 2615: 2606: 2599: 2591: 2587: 2581:. 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