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for about five times the cost of a single, but iTunes was selling every song for a tenth of the price of an album. However, in order to increase album sales, iTunes instituted "Complete My Album", which offered a discounted price on the full album when a consumer had already purchased one or more songs. Furthermore, with the rising popularity of
475:
teamed up with MusicNet. Again, both services struggled, hampered by high prices and heavy limitations on how downloaded files could be used once paid for. In the end, consumers chose instead to download music using illegal, free file sharing programs, which many consumers felt were more convenient
574:
shifted away from the purchase of CDs in favor of purchasing albums from online music stores, or more commonly, purchasing individual songs. The iTunes platform has been the main reason for this shift, as it originally sold every song in its library for 99 cents. Historically, albums would be sold
554:
as a download. Listeners were allowed to purchase the album for whatever price they wanted to pay, legally allowing them to download the album for free. About one-third of people who downloaded the album paid nothing, with the average price paid being £4. After three months online the album was
780:
Online music stores receive competition from online radio, as well as file sharing. Online radio is the free distribution of webcasts on the
Internet via streaming. Listeners can create customizable "stations" based on a genre, artists, or song of their choice. Notable Internet Radio service
305:
music stores generally also offer partial streaming previews of songs, with some songs even available for full length listening. They typically show a picture of the album art or of the performer or band for each song. Some online music stores also sell recorded speech files, such as
451:
pointed out in its review of the service, users were actually only renting the tracks for that $ 3.50, because the patron did not own the audio file. After a certain point the files expired and could not be played again without repurchase. The service quickly failed.
1023:
MusicNet limited listeners to 100 songs per month—they were streamable once each, or if downloaded, they were rendered unplayable after a month. Only
Pressplay's premium subscription allowed 20 tracks per month to be burned to disc, with no expiring
766:
Online stores charge for downloading songs and other content, whereas illegal file sharing does not have any fees (although illegal song downloaders may face fines and prosecution in some jurisdictions and illegal files may contain
612:, but Official Charts later ruled that effective February 10, 2013, certain instant grats could be allowed to appear in the Top 40. Instant grats have also been offered on other online music stores including Amazon and Spotify.
445:'s service did not do as well as was hoped. Many consumers felt the service was difficult to navigate and use. Sony's pricing of US$ 3.50 per song track also discouraged many early adopters of the service. Furthermore, as
440:
The major record labels eventually decided to launch their own online stores, allowing them more direct control over costs and pricing and more control over the presentation and packaging of songs and albums.
718:
that downloading from file-sharers is theoretically working for less than minimum wage - "By spending an hour of your time to save less than four dollars, he calculated, 'you're working for less than minimum
540:
that embed into many types of web pages. This turns each web page into the musician's own online music store. Furthermore, there had been a boom in "boutique" music stores that cater to specific audiences.
755:
files with metadata are offered but in larger size files than FLAC or ALAC without advantage in sound quality. In contrast, lossless rips of CDs in FLAC format are widely available on the web for illegal
563:
as the biggest music retailer in the United States, a milestone in the music industry as it was the first time in history that an online music retailer exceeded those of physical music formats (e.g.,
793:, with Pandora being the largest. Pandora holds 52% of the market share in Internet radio, with over 53 million registered users and almost one billion stations from which users can choose.
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technology, which limits the use of music files on certain devices. The restrictions vary between different services, and sometimes even between different songs from the same service.
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More consistent and higher-quality metadata, because the entering of the metadata is more centralized and done with more oversight.
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736:, compared to an audio CD. For the most part, music that is sold in lossy MP3 format is not sold at higher bit rate encoding.
2018:
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were made available to customers who have pre-ordered albums. The instant-grat tracks have changed the criteria for the UK
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taken down by the band and released on compact disc (CD). As of April 2008, the largest online music store was the
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17:
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launched the first digital music store in Japan on 20 December 1999, entitled
Bitmusic, which initially focused on
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2013:
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on 1 December 2011. Later companies and projects successfully followed its P2P file sharing example such as
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downloads, meaning that playing songs requires an active membership. Napster was founded as a pioneering
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2023:
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An increasing number of new services appeared in the 2000s that enabled musicians to sell their music
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service for the US in
September 2007, expanding it gradually to most countries where Amazon operates.
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886:...27-year-old Jon Luini, who co-founded the hip Internet Underground Music Archive (IUMA) in 1993
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In the early 2010s, online music stores—especially iTunes—experienced a marked increase in sales.
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and his business partners launched an early online music store, Music33, which sold MP3s for 33
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and Listen.com (now
Rhapsody) sold the music of independent labels and artists. The demand for
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Music download companies are more accountable to users than creators of file-sharing programs
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The realization of the market for downloadable music grew widespread with the development of
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1090:"How an Unsigned Artist Used iTunes Instant Gratification to Get a Top 10 Hit on iTunes"
579:, online music stores have further gained ground over other music distribution sources.
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510:. These players enabled music fans to carry their music with them, wherever they went.
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988:"'You've been smoking too much!': the chaos of Tony Wilson's digital music revolution"
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Few online music stores offer music in lossless, metadata-enabled formats such as
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Internet service that emphasized sharing audio files, typically music, encoded in
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and Sony Music
Entertainment teamed up with a service called Duet, later renamed
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A centralized repository of music makes it easier to find the songs you want.
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559:, with around 80% of the market. On 3 April 2008, the iTunes Store surpassed
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335:(IUMA), which was started by Rob Lord, Jeff Patterson and Jon Luini from the
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For a store that sells musical instruments and related equipment online, see
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that made a major impact on the
Internet scene in 2000. Some services have
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293:. Customers gain ownership of a license to use the files, in contrast to a
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867:"It's All Geek to Them; Digital Communes Find a Social Scene in Computers"
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1104:"Instant grat tracks to qualify for chart | News | Music Week"
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1013:"Station to Station - The Past, Present, and Future of Streaming Music"
871:
Business section, The
Cutting Edge: COMPUTING / TECHNOLOGY / INNOVATION
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533:
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382:. In its second incarnation Napster became an online music store until
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Many major online music stores only offer music in one audio format.
654:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
606:" was not allowed to chart because it was a pre-order for the album
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online music archive of downloadable songs on the
Internet was the
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966:"Rhapsody to Acquire Napster in Deal With Best Buy - NYTimes.com"
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format. The original company ran into legal difficulties over
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without an intermediary. These type of services usually use
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1118:"Official Charts rules changed following Bowie controversy"
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1132:"Danny Bryant Release New Album 'Revelation' This April"
502:) in April 2003 and the creation of portable music and
751:
files in which no metadata can generally be embedded.
877:. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2012-07-25
1211:"Top streaming services active users U.S. 2016-2023"
689:
347:
of singles released by
Japanese domestic musicians.
378:, ceased operations and was eventually acquired by
1149:
1069:
402:, Bearshare, and many others. Some services, like
732:Most online music stores sell music encoded in a
723:
3228:
897:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
968:. United States: Mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com
590:) service, in which some individual tracks or
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1261:
1191:"Steve Jobs Keynote iTunes Music Store Intro"
258:
1004:
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491:downloading skyrocketed after the launch of
455:Undaunted, the record industry tried again.
615:
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1254:
911:
265:
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2329:
861:
670:Learn how and when to remove this message
1144:
1071:"Cyber Monday online sales surge by 33%"
1035:
695:The sale of licensed content adheres to
686:, so many of these points are disputed.
35:
1237:Off Book: The Evolution of Music Online
1056:"Amazon flows into digital music sales"
963:
544:On October 10, 2007, English rock band
14:
3229:
1010:
939:"インターネットによる邦楽新譜CDシングルタイトル曲の有料音楽配信を開始。"
1835:
1249:
912:Herskovitz, Jon (December 2, 1999).
838:"THE DYNAMICS OF MUSIC DISTRIBUTION"
619:
337:University of California, Santa Cruz
3081:Global Recording Artist of the Year
3049:Highest-grossing live music artists
714:claimed in his introduction of the
24:
1861:
1641:Internet Underground Music Archive
1036:Anderson, Chris (1 October 2004).
835:
803:Comparison of digital music stores
333:Internet Underground Music Archive
25:
3248:
1230:
775:
690:Advantages of legal online stores
3210:
3209:
3196:
2226:Artists and repertoire (A&R)
1957:Universal Music Publishing Group
624:
129:Application-specific web hosting
2647:Entertainment Monitoring Africa
1811:Yahoo! Music Radio / LAUNCHcast
1465:LiveOne (Live X Live / Slacker)
1203:
1174:
1138:
1124:
1110:
1096:
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368:peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing
3147:Largest recorded music markets
3054:Highest-grossing concert tours
1156:. Simon and Schuster. p.
1048:
1029:
979:
957:
943:Sony Music Entertainment Japan
931:
905:
855:
829:
724:Disadvantages of online stores
479:Non-major label services like
341:Sony Music Entertainment Japan
322:
27:Online retailer of audio files
13:
1:
823:
3203:Record production portal
2019:Independent UK record labels
710:Notably, Apple Computer CEO
7:
3071:Most-attended concert tours
1011:Harvey, Eric (April 2014).
986:Dave Simpson (2020-08-10).
964:Sisario, Ben (2011-10-03).
914:"Sony Japan to sell online"
796:
682:Much controversy surrounds
650:the claims made and adding
10:
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3086:Wealthiest musical artists
2939:Best-selling music artists
317:
29:
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2657:New Zealand singles chart
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1939:
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761:digital rights management
281:is a business that sells
44:music store, operated by
3127:Christian music industry
2642:GfK Entertainment charts
2286:Professional audio store
1239:Documentary produced by
616:Compared to file sharing
443:Sony Music Entertainment
64:Internet hosting service
2534:Music streaming service
1967:Disney Music Publishing
1299:Music streaming service
747:, but instead stick to
523:
473:Bertelsmann Music Group
295:music streaming service
3076:Most-attended concerts
3044:Highest-paid musicians
1816:Yahoo! Music Unlimited
376:copyright infringement
78:Virtual private server
48:
40:Sales from the online
3157:Most valuable records
3152:Most expensive albums
3107:Album-equivalent unit
2637:Italian singles chart
2494:Promotional recording
1962:Warner Chappell Music
1952:Sony Music Publishing
1947:BMG Rights Management
1241:Off Book (web series)
598:'s singles. In 2013,
584:Instant Gratification
582:iTunes rolled out an
504:digital audio players
457:Universal Music Group
310:, and video files of
147:Guild hosting service
70:Full-featured hosting
39:
3132:Environmental impact
3032:Best-selling singles
2045:Digital music stores
1280:digital distribution
1058:. theregister.co.uk.
3237:Online music stores
3162:Music certification
3142:Largest music deals
3020:Best-selling albums
2853:The Country Network
2632:Irish Singles Chart
2281:Musical instruments
1581:AOL Radio/Radio@AOL
1304:Digital music store
1120:. 14 February 2013.
1078:. 29 November 2011.
945:. November 30, 1999
548:released the album
476:and easier to use.
358:service created by
283:digital audio files
279:digital music store
2675:SNEP singles chart
2450:Extended play (EP)
2221:Album cover design
1385:Digitally Imported
1380:Classical Archives
635:possibly contains
500:iTunes Music Store
49:
18:Online music store
3224:
3223:
3167:Parental Advisory
3122:Bootleg recording
3112:A-side and B-side
2969:
2922:
2921:
2838:The Music Factory
2680:Sverigetopplistan
2604:Argentina Hot 100
2570:Music competition
2560:Concert residency
2499:Phonograph record
2469:
2429:
2428:
2256:Music and fashion
2241:Entertainment law
2109:
2108:
2070:Virgin Megastores
1872:and organizations
1829:
1828:
1631:Google Play Music
875:Los Angeles Times
734:lossy file format
680:
679:
672:
637:original research
604:Where Are We Now?
572:Consumer spending
386:acquired it from
275:
274:
180:By content format
88:Colocation centre
83:Dedicated hosting
16:(Redirected from
3244:
3213:
3212:
3201:
3200:
3199:
2967:
2788:
2787:
2685:UK singles chart
2617:Canadian Hot 100
2509:Compact cassette
2447:
2394:Session musician
2369:Hip hop producer
2327:
2326:
2261:Music journalism
2193:Rhythm and blues
1911:IFPI (worldwide)
1876:
1875:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1821:Zune Marketplace
1776:Stardock Central
1616:Electric Jukebox
1606:BlackBerry World
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863:Pescovitz, David
859:
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840:. Archived from
833:
813:Open Music Model
769:computer viruses
759:Some stores use
675:
668:
664:
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655:
652:inline citations
628:
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530:directly to fans
327:The first free,
287:music recordings
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2772:Top of the Pops
2737:Musica e dischi
2689:
2574:
2538:
2458:Cassette single
2436:
2425:
2379:Record producer
2325:
2296:Radio promotion
2266:Music publisher
2251:Music executive
2246:Music education
2213:
2207:
2105:
2074:
2028:
1971:
1935:
1879:Representatives
1871:
1870:Major companies
1865:
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1686:Music Unlimited
1569:
1313:
1294:Digital library
1285:
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1186:Wayback Machine
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1092:. 19 June 2014.
1088:
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1076:Financial Times
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1038:"The Long Tail"
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836:Maurer, Wendy.
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596:Official Charts
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469:AOL/Time Warner
427:Factory Records
325:
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93:Cloud computing
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2612:Brasil Hot 100
2606:
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2576:
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2572:
2567:
2565:Music festival
2562:
2557:
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2540:
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2529:Music download
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2421:Sound engineer
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2391:
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2384:Rhythm section
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2133:Easy listening
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1863:Music industry
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1370:Boomplay Music
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1309:Music download
1306:
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1231:External links
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865:(1995-08-30).
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808:Music industry
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781:providers are
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2758:Rolling Stone
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2663:Rolling Stone
2660:
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2652:Oricon charts
2650:
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2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
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2627:G-Music chart
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2399:Backup singer
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2321:Tour promoter
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2015:
2011:
2010:
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2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
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1988:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1980:
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1976:Record labels
1974:
1968:
1965:
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1932:
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1787:
1786:Style Jukebox
1784:
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1721:PlayNow Arena
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1560:UnitedMasters
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1169:
1167:9781451648539
1163:
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940:
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919:
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872:
868:
864:
858:
844:on 2008-04-29
843:
839:
832:
828:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
794:
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789:and recently
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728:
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703:
700:
698:
694:
693:
687:
685:
674:
671:
663:
653:
649:
645:
639:
638:
633:This section
631:
622:
621:
613:
611:
610:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
553:
552:
547:
542:
539:
535:
531:
521:
519:
516:launched its
515:
511:
509:
505:
501:
498:(then called
497:
494:
490:
489:digital audio
486:
482:
477:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
450:
449:
444:
438:
436:
432:
429:entrepreneur
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:Shawn Fanning
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:high-fidelity
315:
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304:
300:
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292:
288:
284:
280:
268:
263:
261:
256:
254:
249:
248:
246:
245:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
219:Remote backup
217:
216:
215:
214:
210:
209:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
184:
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62:
61:
57:
53:
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43:
38:
33:
19:
3208:
3194:
3172:Record sales
3137:Hidden track
2927:Achievements
2911:
2906:The X Factor
2904:
2897:
2890:
2885:Star Academy
2883:
2876:
2869:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2694:Publications
2662:
2622:Circle Chart
2609:
2601:
2593:
2555:Concert tour
2478:Double album
2404:Ghost singer
2389:Orchestrator
2374:Horn section
2301:Record label
2236:Distribution
2143:Experimental
2115:Major genres
2101:Ticketmaster
2049:iTunes Store
2044:
2006:
2005:
1983:
1982:
1901:Music Canada
1761:Sony Connect
1701:MusicStation
1574:Discontinued
1565:Yandex Music
1445:Juno Records
1435:iTunes Store
1335:Amazon Music
1303:
1218:. Retrieved
1214:
1205:
1194:
1182:Ghostarchive
1180:Archived at
1176:
1151:
1140:
1126:
1112:
1098:
1084:
1075:
1064:
1050:
1041:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1006:
995:. Retrieved
992:The Guardian
991:
981:
970:. Retrieved
959:
947:. Retrieved
933:
921:. Retrieved
917:
907:
885:
879:. Retrieved
870:
857:
846:. Retrieved
842:the original
831:
779:
756:downloading.
716:iTunes Store
684:file sharing
681:
666:
657:
634:
609:The Next Day
607:
592:bonus tracks
588:instant grat
587:
583:
581:
577:Cyber Monday
569:
565:record shops
557:iTunes Store
549:
543:
527:
512:
506:such as the
496:iTunes Store
478:
454:
448:MP3 Newswire
446:
439:
424:
363:
356:file sharing
349:
326:
299:subscription
278:
276:
202:
98:Peer-to-peer
3182:White label
3117:Backmasking
2934:Music award
2913:Rising Star
2709:HitQuarters
2588:ARIA Charts
2504:Eight-track
2489:Music video
2466:Maxi single
2414:Ghostwriter
2409:Vocal coach
2364:Disc jockey
2337:Arrangement
2306:Record shop
2276:Music venue
2271:Music store
2231:Disc jockey
2091:Live Nation
2086:CTS Eventim
2008:Independent
1781:Streamwaves
1691:Nokia Store
1636:Grooveshark
1591:Amie Street
1430:iHeartRadio
1395:Ditto Music
1330:8tracks.com
600:David Bowie
551:In Rainbows
538:web widgets
431:Tony Wilson
420:eDonkey2000
323:Early years
229:Home server
224:Game server
211:Other types
167:Application
107:Web hosting
32:Music store
3037:by country
3025:by country
2783:Television
2765:Smash Hits
2670:Sino Chart
2543:Live shows
2454:12" single
2342:Songwriter
2330:Production
2138:Electronic
2079:Live music
1940:Publishers
1921:PROMUSICAE
1771:SpiralFrog
1741:Radical.fm
1736:Puretracks
1711:NoiseTrade
1626:GoMusicNow
1621:GhostTunes
1545:SoundCloud
1495:Music Glue
1455:Line Music
1220:2022-01-25
1152:Steve Jobs
1024:downloads.
997:2020-08-10
972:2013-06-13
881:2008-04-21
848:2008-04-21
824:References
712:Steve Jobs
644:improve it
534:e-commerce
518:Amazon MP3
437:per song.
162:Wiki farms
46:Apple Inc.
3102:Album era
2996:Brazilian
2968:(Females)
2899:The Voice
2872:franchise
2833:MuchMusic
2798:Channel V
2716:Hot Press
2702:Billboard
2610:Billboard
2602:Billboard
2594:Billboard
2462:CD single
2359:Conductor
2311:Road crew
2291:Promotion
2214:and roles
2096:LiveStyle
2033:Retailers
1996:Universal
1796:TuneTribe
1746:Radionomy
1731:PressPlay
1676:MSN Music
1601:Bandit.fm
1525:RockMyRun
1470:Magnatune
1390:DistroKid
1365:Bleep.com
1283:platforms
1018:Pitchfork
893:cite news
660:July 2008
648:verifying
546:Radiohead
536:-enabled
461:pressplay
425:In 2000,
339:in 1993.
289:over the
121:Clustered
3231:Category
3215:Category
3059:by women
2892:The Four
2878:Popstars
2791:Channels
2723:Kerrang!
2352:Lyricist
2347:Composer
1716:Play.com
1696:MixRadio
1661:Mixcrate
1611:BuyMusic
1586:AllOfMP3
1555:TuneCore
1480:Mixcloud
1415:HDtracks
1405:EmuBands
1360:Beatport
1355:Bandcamp
1325:7digital
1215:Statista
1184:and the
1148:(2011).
797:See also
719:wage!'".
561:Wal-Mart
485:Cductive
412:Grokster
404:LimeWire
392:Gnutella
388:Best Buy
384:Rhapsody
364:tethered
308:podcasts
291:Internet
141:comments
56:a series
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3011:Swedish
3006:Italian
3001:British
2991:Belgian
2977:Genre:
2955:Germany
2950:Finland
2665:Top 100
2596:Hot 100
2550:Concert
2524:Airplay
2482:Mixtape
2437:formats
2435:Release
2212:Sectors
2178:New Age
2158:Hip hop
2128:Country
2065:Kaspien
2014:Concord
1806:Wowloud
1766:Spinner
1671:MP3.com
1540:Spotify
1535:Spinlet
1510:Pandora
1500:Napster
1460:Live365
1440:Jamendo
1425:Icecast
1375:CD Baby
1345:Anghami
1196:YouTube
949:July 3,
923:July 3,
918:Variety
818:InMusic
791:Spotify
787:Last FM
783:Pandora
642:Please
493:Apple's
416:Madster
396:Freenet
352:Napster
345:A-sides
318:History
301:basis.
2945:Brazil
2862:Series
2580:Charts
2445:Single
2188:Reggae
2153:Gospel
2040:Amazon
2001:Warner
1706:Nimbit
1681:Murfie
1515:Patari
1505:ONErpm
1420:Hoopla
1410:eMusic
1400:Djshop
1350:Audacy
1318:Active
1164:
514:Amazon
481:eMusic
418:, and
312:movies
303:Online
116:Shared
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3095:Other
3064:Latin
2981:Latin
2960:Japan
2473:Album
2203:World
2173:Metal
2168:Latin
2123:Blues
1985:Major
1791:Taazi
1756:Simfy
1656:Kazaa
1651:iMesh
1646:imeem
1596:Aupeo
1550:Tidal
1520:Qobuz
1475:Melon
1450:LANDR
1340:Amuse
1277:Music
1042:Wired
435:pence
408:Scour
400:Kazaa
380:Roxio
239:Email
203:Music
198:Video
193:Image
157:Video
152:Image
2943:In:
2870:Idol
2843:Viva
2828:Tr3s
2823:MTV2
2813:Mnet
2808:Fuse
2730:Mojo
2198:Rock
2163:Jazz
2148:Folk
2055:Fnac
2024:AAMG
1991:Sony
1931:SNEP
1926:RIAA
1906:FIMI
1891:BVMI
1886:ARIA
1801:WiMP
1751:rara
1726:Pono
1530:ROXi
1490:mora
1485:MOOV
1162:ISBN
951:2021
925:2021
899:link
753:AIFF
745:ALAC
741:FLAC
602:'s "
524:Rise
508:iPod
471:and
188:File
137:Blog
2848:VH1
2818:MTV
2803:CMT
2744:NME
2519:DVD
2183:Pop
2060:HMV
1916:PMB
1896:BPI
1666:Mog
1158:403
749:WAV
743:or
646:by
465:EMI
372:MP3
285:of
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