533:
3920:
203:
40:
3932:
545:
position — is referred to as the sympto-thermal method of fertility awareness, which allow auto-diagnosis by a female of her state of ovulation. Once training has been given by a suitable authority, fertility charts can be completed on a cycle-by-cycle basis to show ovulation. This gives the possibility of using the data to predict fertility for natural contraception and pregnancy planning.
526:, and can sense the precise moment of ovulation. However, midcycle pain may also not be due to Mittelschmerz, but due to other factors such as cysts, endometriosis, sexually transmitted infections, or an ectopic pregnancy. Other possible signs of ovulation include tender breasts, bloating, and cramps, although these symptoms are not a guarantee that ovulation is taking place.
242:. The days in which a woman is most fertile can be calculated based on the date of the last menstrual period and the length of a typical menstrual cycle. The few days surrounding ovulation (from approximately days 10 to 18 of a 28-day cycle), constitute the most fertile phase. The time from the beginning of the
1855:
Baird, D. T.; Balen, A.; Escobar-Morreale, H. F.; Evers, J. L. H.; Fauser, B. C. J. M.; Franks, S.; Glasier, A.; Homburg, R.; La
Vecchia, C.; Devroey, P.; Diedrich, K.; Fraser, L.; Gianaroli, L.; Liebaers, I.; Sunde, A.; Tapanainen, J. S.; Tarlatzis, B.; Van Steirteghem, A.; Veiga, A.; Crosignani, P.
763:
Most women who are able to conceive are fertile for an estimated five days before ovulation and one day after ovulation. There is some evidence that for couples who have been trying to conceive a child for less than 12 months, and the female is under 40 years old, practicing timed intercourse (timing
544:
Symptoms related to the onset of ovulation, the moment of ovulation and the body's process of beginning and ending the menstrual cycle vary in intensity with each female but are fundamentally the same. The charting of such symptoms — primarily basal body temperature, mittelschmerz and cervical
434:
of the second meiotic division appears at the time of ovulation. If no fertilization occurs, the oocyte will degenerate between 12 and 24 hours after ovulation. Approximately 1–2% of ovulations release more than one oocyte. This tendency increases with maternal age. Fertilization of two different
764:
intercourse with ovulation using urine tests that predict ovulation) may help improve the rate of pregnancy and live births. The role that stress plays in ovulation, fertility, and understanding the biological basis for stress-induced anovulation and the role of cortisol is not entirely clear.
438:
The precise moment of ovulation was captured on film for the first time in 2008, coincidentally, during a routine hysterectomy procedure. According to the attending gynecologist, the ovum's emergence and subsequent release from the ovarian follicle occurred within a 15-minute timeframe.
585:, premenopausal female). Anovulation usually manifests itself as irregularity of menstrual periods, that is, unpredictable variability of intervals, duration, or bleeding. Anovulation can also cause cessation of periods (secondary amenorrhea) or excessive bleeding (
1606:
Bullivant SB, Sellergren SA, Stern K, Spencer NA, Jacob S, Mennella JA, McClintock MK (February 2004). "Women's sexual experience during the menstrual cycle: identification of the sexual phase by noninvasive measurement of luteinizing hormone".
2049:
Endrikat J, Gerlinger C, Richard S, Rosenbaum P, DĂĽsterberg B (December 2011). "Ovulation inhibition doses of progestins: a systematic review of the available literature and of marketed preparations worldwide".
357:-rich cocktail that disperses and gathers the cumulus cell network in a sticky matrix around the ovum. This network stays with the ovum after ovulation and has been shown to be necessary for fertilization.
529:
Many females experience heightened sexual desire in the several days immediately before ovulation. One study concluded that females subtly improve their facial attractiveness during ovulation.
741:
is planned generally necessitates ovulation suppression, because it is not practically feasible to collect oocytes after ovulation. For this purpose, ovulation can be suppressed by either a
507:. In many animal species there are distinctive signals indicating the period when the female is fertile. Several explanations have been proposed to explain concealed ovulation in humans.
1802:
BASICS OF GYNECOLOGY FOR EXAMINEES: ALL IN ONE : THEORY, CLINICS & CASE DISCUSSION, INSTRUMENTS AND SPECIMENS, OPERATIVE GYNECOLOGY AND RADIOLOGY (X-RAY, USG INCLUDING 3D)
753:
289:, and the secondary oocyte will leave the follicle through this hole. Ovulation is triggered by a spike in the amount of FSH and LH released from the pituitary gland. During the
2137:
Karunyam, Bheena
Vyshali; Abdul Karim, Abdul Kadir; Naina Mohamed, Isa; Ugusman, Azizah; Mohamed, Wael M. Y.; Faizal, Ahmad Mohd; Abu, Muhammad Azrai; Kumar, Jaya (2023).
608:
WHO group II: Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis dysfunction. WHO group II is the most common cause of ovulatory disorders, and the most common causative member is
2444:
503:
The start of ovulation may be detected by signs that are not readily discernible other than to the ovulating female herself, thus humans are said to have a
281:, the ovarian follicle will undergo a series of transformations called cumulus expansion, which is stimulated by FSH. After this is done, a hole called the
246:(LMP) until ovulation is, on average, 14.6 days, but with substantial variation among females and between cycles in any single female, with an overall 95%
3105:
376:(FSH). This lasts from 24 to 36 hours, and results in the rupture of the ovarian follicles, causing the oocyte to be released from the ovary.
96:
2815:
2007:
Nelson AL, Cwiak C (2011). "Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)". In
Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar MS (eds.).
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602:
824:
2800:
2088:
Gibbons, Tatjana; Reavey, Jane; Georgiou, Ektoras X; Becker, Christian M (2023-09-15). Cochrane
Gynaecology and Fertility Group (ed.).
453:
The follicle proper has met the end of its lifespan. Without the oocyte, the follicle folds inward on itself, transforming into the
2960:
368:
levels peak towards the end of the follicular phase, around 12 and 24 hours. This, by positive feedback, causes a surge in levels of
481:
action for the remainder of the menstrual cycle, maintaining the endometrium, before disintegrating into scar tissue during menses.
379:
Through a signal transduction cascade initiated by LH, which activates the pro-inflammatory genes through cAMP secondary messenger,
1227:
2407:
684:(HCG) may be injected after completed ovarian stimulation. Ovulation will occur between 24 and 36 hours after the HCG injection.
552:
pregnanediol 3-glucuronide of over 5 ÎĽg/mL has been used to confirm ovulation. This test has a 100% specificity over 107 women.
3973:
2689:
2430:
1745:
353:. The latter undergo a period of proliferation and mucification known as cumulus expansion. Mucification is the secretion of a
2016:
1902:
1839:
3083:
3073:
396:
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666:
575:
is infrequent or irregular ovulation (usually defined as cycles of greater than 36 days or fewer than 8 cycles a year)
383:
are secreted by the follicle that degrade the follicular tissue at the site of the blister, forming a hole called the
2341:
1810:
1511:
1316:
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1100:
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56:, where it will then be available to be fertilized by a male's sperm within 12 hours. Ovulation marks the end of the
2699:
1533:
730:
646:
1043:
Geirsson RT (May 1991). "Ultrasound instead of last menstrual period as the basis of gestational age assignment".
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699:
477:
by one-quarter to one-half degree
Celsius (one-half to one degree Fahrenheit). The corpus luteum continues this
3421:
3239:
586:
17:
673:
to stimulate the formation of multiple oocytes. Some sources include ovulation induction in the definition of
2953:
2235:
Chabbert Buffet N, Djakoure C, Maitre SC, Bouchard P (July 1998). "Regulation of the human menstrual cycle".
738:
1705:"Day-specific probabilities of clinical pregnancy based on two studies with imperfect measures of ovulation"
3273:
3224:
2674:
1933:
1856:
G.; Evers, J. L. H. (2012). "Health and fertility in World Health
Organization group 2 anovulatory women".
1744:
Ecochard, R.; Leiva, R.; Bouchard, T.; Boehringer, H.; Direito, A.; Mariani, A.; Fehring, R. (2013-10-01).
681:
373:
270:
223:
3963:
1007:"Cultural Notions of Fertility in South Asia and Their Influence on Sri Lankan Family Planning Practices"
688:
343:
310:
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568:
and include oligoovulation (infrequent or irregular ovulation) and anovulation (absence of ovulation):
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609:
594:
91:
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refers to the dose required to consistently inhibit ovulation in women. Ovulation inhibition is an
79:
2201:
1650:
Roberts S, Havlicek J, Flegr J, Hruskova M, Little A, Jones B, Perrett D, Petrie M (August 2004).
3978:
3868:
3153:
3110:
3042:
2709:
1340:"Ovarian ultrasonography highlights precision of symptoms of ovulation as markers of ovulation"
734:
658:
515:
474:
103:
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1800:
1501:
1304:
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1162:
973:
842:
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2758:
2587:
1892:
1825:
1581:
1195:
899:
821:
711:
243:
1006:
473:, the site of embryonic growth if implantation occurs. The action of progesterone increases
3823:
2912:
1427:
874:
2422:
942:
8:
3288:
3257:
3219:
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2762:
2679:
2650:
670:
640:
537:
532:
504:
494:
490:
369:
266:
247:
219:
163:
45:
2173:
2138:
2114:
2089:
2063:
1652:"Female facial attractiveness increases during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle"
1056:
422:
that contains all of the cytoplasmic material and a smaller, inactive first polar body.
186:
occurs, the uterine lining will eventually break down and be shed from the body via the
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1989:
1781:
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1364:
1339:
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258:
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2223:
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2160:
2119:
2067:
2030:
2022:
2012:
1981:
1908:
1898:
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1835:
1806:
1773:
1765:
1726:
1681:
1624:
1507:
1474:
1369:
1312:
1201:
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1143:
1096:
1060:
1014:
979:
946:
907:
848:
773:
431:
392:
332:
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1785:
1636:
1486:
1450:
1072:
3368:
3348:
3308:
3278:
3214:
3158:
2988:
2483:
2378:
2370:
2285:
2244:
2213:
2168:
2150:
2109:
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2101:
2059:
1971:
1963:
1865:
1798:
1761:
1757:
1716:
1700:
1671:
1663:
1616:
1464:
1401:
1359:
1351:
1133:
1117:
1052:
783:
719:
703:
388:
347:
328:
322:
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274:
239:
211:
148:
144:
57:
1993:
3750:
3577:
3532:
3486:
3458:
3358:
3343:
3193:
3178:
3138:
2969:
2511:
2465:
2202:"A new model for ovarian follicular development during the human menstrual cycle"
1937:
937:
Managing
Motherhood, Managing Risk: Fertility and Danger in West Central Tanzania
935:
828:
788:
746:
616:
354:
294:
278:
262:
235:
207:
84:
2412:
1451:
Navarrete-Palacios E, Hudson R, Reyes-Guerrero G, Guevara-Guzmán R (July 2003).
1387:
1138:
1121:
691:
in some animal species occurs naturally, ovulation can be stimulated by coitus.
3888:
3838:
3808:
3760:
3680:
3378:
3188:
3183:
2595:
2516:
2290:
2273:
2155:
1721:
1704:
654:
572:
400:
350:
179:
3833:
3047:
1912:
1620:
1355:
511:
331:(or proliferative phase) is the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the
3952:
3924:
3848:
3798:
3655:
3567:
3407:
3303:
3298:
3283:
3198:
3148:
3052:
2858:
2553:
2503:
2307:
Guraya SS, Dhanju CK (November 1992). "Mechanism of ovulation--an overview".
2164:
2034:
2026:
1769:
1453:"Lower olfactory threshold during the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle"
803:
798:
778:
662:
519:
498:
454:
183:
132:
61:
1869:
1557:
3765:
3725:
3715:
3650:
3637:
3495:
3173:
3143:
2998:
2983:
2731:
2714:
2645:
2605:
2521:
2493:
2478:
2392:
2248:
2227:
2182:
2123:
2071:
1985:
1967:
1877:
1777:
1730:
1685:
1667:
1628:
1478:
1147:
1064:
742:
723:
518:. Furthermore, many females experience secondary fertility signs including
465:. These hormones induce the endometrial glands to begin production of the
462:
448:
336:
290:
254:
215:
191:
159:
65:
53:
2320:
2299:
2256:
1951:
1402:"Usually, it occurs between the 10th and 20th day of your menstrual cycle"
1373:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3730:
3720:
3685:
3670:
3665:
3587:
3517:
3163:
3133:
2907:
2902:
2633:
715:
597:(WHO) has developed the following classification of ovulatory disorders:
578:
470:
466:
175:
136:
3843:
3813:
3803:
3770:
3755:
3660:
3473:
3388:
3128:
2927:
2897:
2790:
2751:
2746:
2726:
2453:
2374:
2136:
302:
3775:
1976:
581:
is absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected (in a post-
170:. If it is not, it will break down in less than a day. Meanwhile, the
109:
3745:
3695:
3613:
3582:
3562:
3542:
3463:
3333:
3019:
2853:
2843:
2820:
2767:
2664:
2654:
2565:
2538:
2526:
2234:
793:
523:
478:
457:(pl. corpora lutea), a steroidogenic cluster of cells that produces
427:
380:
218:. Note that ovulation is characterized by a sharp spike in levels of
124:
3853:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3618:
3522:
3453:
3014:
2785:
2741:
2736:
2613:
2570:
2558:
2543:
2473:
2011:(20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 249–341.
1338:
Depares J, Ryder RE, Walker SM, Scanlon MF, Norman CM (June 1986).
582:
458:
403:. After entering the fallopian tube, the oocyte is pushed along by
365:
227:
2938:
342:
For ovulation to be successful, the ovum must be supported by the
202:
39:
3883:
3863:
3780:
3627:
3557:
3547:
2825:
2721:
2359:"Detection of ovulation, a review of currently available methods"
2048:
1011:
Anthropology & International Health: South Asian Case
Studies
749:, with different protocols depending on which substance is used.
549:
435:
oocytes by two different spermatozoa results in fraternal twins.
423:
415:
257:
of the brain and through the release of hormones secreted in the
128:
1952:"Neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH release in induced ovulators"
1930:
1746:"Use of urinary pregnanediol 3-glucuronide to confirm ovulation"
754:
Suppression of spontaneous ovulation in ovarian hyperstimulation
3858:
3828:
3735:
3690:
3592:
3537:
3527:
3373:
3293:
2835:
2625:
2575:
2548:
1854:
1743:
1605:
408:
298:
187:
171:
152:
49:
3552:
2531:
1799:
JOYDEV MUKHERJI; RAJENDRA PRASAD GANGULY; SUBRATA LALL SEAL.
1582:"Ovulation cramps: Symptoms and what they mean for fertility"
1122:"Time of implantation of the conceptus and loss of pregnancy"
722:
effect and is mediated by inhibition of the secretion of the
404:
306:
167:
140:
1832:
Oxford handbook of reproductive medicine and family planning
1649:
706:
and prevent ovulation as a primary mechanism of action. The
3608:
2452:
2357:
Su HW, Yi YC, Wei TY, Chang TC, Cheng CM (September 2017).
2087:
522:(pain associated with ovulation) and a heightened sense of
419:
904:
Practice of
Fertility Control: A Comprehensive Manual, 7/e
3740:
3430:
2777:
1698:
1337:
335:
mature. The follicular phase lasts from the beginning of
1829:
3399:
1506:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 306–307.
847:(5th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 359.
844:
Wheater's
Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas
2274:"Ovarian follicular growth and development in mammals"
1499:
391:
leaves the ruptured follicle and moves out into the
2199:
1534:"Ovulation Pain: Symptoms, Causes & Pain Relief"
1160:
758:
1792:
1115:
2090:"Timed intercourse for couples trying to conceive"
934:
510:Females near ovulation experience changes in the
3950:
831:at Duke Fertility Center. Retrieved July 2, 2011
2200:Baerwald AR, Adams GP, Pierson RA (July 2003).
2139:"Infertility and cortisol: a systematic review"
1692:
293:, the secondary oocyte will travel through the
178:) continues to thicken to be able to receive a
3106:Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive
1038:
1036:
1004:
395:through the stigma, where it is caught by the
309:, the fertilized secondary oocyte or ovum may
253:The process of ovulation is controlled by the
52:(immature egg cell) will be released into the
3415:
2954:
2438:
2356:
2306:
2042:
1599:
1444:
1311:. Vol. 1. Greenwood. pp. 201–202.
1279:"Fertilization: your pregnancy week by week"
430:and will so remain until fertilization. The
426:follows at once but will be arrested in the
2363:Bioengineering & Translational Medicine
2006:
2000:
1830:McVeigh E, Guillebaud J, Homburg R (2008).
1302:
1161:Littleton LA, Engebretson JC (2004-10-14).
1033:
3422:
3408:
2961:
2947:
2445:
2431:
2408:Human egg makes accidental debut on camera
1949:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1425:
1009:. In Nichter, Mark, Nichter, Mimi (eds.).
234:Ovulation occurs about midway through the
206:Ovulation occurs about midway through the
2382:
2289:
2217:
2172:
2154:
2113:
1975:
1890:
1720:
1675:
1468:
1363:
1197:Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology
1137:
1045:Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
971:
941:. University of Michigan Press. pp.
897:
1884:
1426:Smith, Yolanda; Pharm, B. (2010-04-27).
1086:
1084:
1082:
1042:
726:, LH and FSH, from the pituitary gland.
694:
531:
484:
201:
2327:
2271:
2094:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1919:
1558:"Am I Ovulating? How to Spot the Signs"
1253:"Can You Get Pregnant after Ovulation?"
631:can often indicate ovulatory disorder.
414:By this time, the oocyte has completed
14:
3951:
2309:Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
1805:. Academic Publishers. pp. 244–.
1109:
1090:
975:Human Sexuality: From Cells to Society
634:
560:Disorders of ovulation, also known as
143:, this event occurs at the end of the
3403:
2942:
2816:Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis
2426:
2083:
2081:
1193:
1079:
932:
840:
649:for patients with conditions such as
27:Release of egg cells from the ovaries
3931:
1834:. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
1500:Beckmann, Charles R.B., ed. (2010).
661:to make the follicles mature before
645:Ovulation induction is a promising
2968:
2811:Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
2064:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.04.009
1388:"Ovulation moment caught on camera"
1126:The New England Journal of Medicine
1057:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1991.01030212.x
1013:. Psychology Press. pp. 8–11.
875:"How to Chart Your Menstrual Cycle"
603:Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
407:, beginning its journey toward the
316:
230:levels during the follicular phase.
24:
2192:
2078:
1891:Emre Seli, ed. (2 February 2011).
1309:Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems
1095:. Benjamin-Cummings. p. 915.
900:"Natural Methods of Contraception"
226:(FSH), resulting from the peak of
162:, the egg will be available to be
151:rupture and release the secondary
25:
3990:
2413:Ovulation moment caught on camera
2401:
1167:. Cengage Learning. p. 195.
978:. Cengage Learning. p. 322.
759:Fertility and timing of ovulation
418:, yielding two cells: the larger
3930:
3919:
3918:
1931:IVF.com > Ovulation Induction
1699:Dunson DB, Baird DD, Wilcox AJ,
1228:"Cumulus Oophorus - an overview"
731:assisted reproductive technology
700:Combined hormonal contraceptives
647:assisted reproductive technology
38:
3253:Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
2332:. In Resh VH, Carde RT (eds.).
2237:Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
2130:
1956:Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
1950:Bakker J, Baum MJ (July 2000).
1943:
1848:
1819:
1737:
1643:
1574:
1550:
1526:
1493:
1419:
1394:
1380:
1331:
1296:
1271:
1245:
1220:
1187:
1154:
442:
2106:10.1002/14651858.CD011345.pub3
1762:10.1016/j.steroids.2013.06.006
1200:. Academic Press. p. 22.
998:
965:
926:
906:. Elsevier India. p. 49.
891:
867:
834:
815:
587:dysfunctional uterine bleeding
13:
1:
3974:Human female endocrine system
2219:10.1016/S0015-0282(03)00544-2
1470:10.1016/S0301-0511(03)00076-0
1005:Nichter M, Nichter M (1996).
739:transvaginal oocyte retrieval
291:luteal (post-ovulatory) phase
3274:Menstrual hygiene management
3225:Premenstrual water retention
3199:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)
3164:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
2272:Fortune JE (February 1994).
682:human chorionic gonadotropin
669:is used in conjunction with
555:
540:by day relative to ovulation
374:follicle-stimulating hormone
360:
271:follicle-stimulating hormone
224:follicle-stimulating hormone
158:After ovulation, during the
7:
1303:Watson S, Stacy KM (2010).
1139:10.1056/NEJM199906103402304
767:
339:to the start of ovulation.
10:
3995:
2801:Reproductive endocrinology
2291:10.1095/biolreprod50.2.225
2156:10.3389/fendo.2023.1147306
2143:Frontiers in Endocrinology
751:
638:
488:
446:
320:
197:
3914:
3789:
3636:
3601:
3510:
3472:
3446:
3437:
3324:
3266:
3238:
3207:
3169:Metropathia haemorrhagica
3119:
3096:
3079:Billings Ovulation Method
3061:
3035:
3028:
3007:
2976:
2890:
2869:Human reproductive system
2867:
2834:
2799:
2776:
2688:
2586:
2502:
2464:
1940:Retrieved on Mars 7, 2010
1897:. John Wiley & Sons.
1858:Human Reproduction Update
1621:10.1080/00224490409552216
1503:Obstetrics and Gynecology
1356:10.1136/bmj.292.6535.1562
708:ovulation-inhibiting dose
651:polycystic ovary syndrome
610:polycystic ovary syndrome
595:World Health Organization
467:proliferative endometrium
214:, and is followed by the
102:
90:
78:
73:
37:
32:
3429:
3384:Sustainable menstruation
3364:Menstruation celebration
2009:Contraceptive technology
1722:10.1093/humrep/14.7.1835
1586:www.medicalnewstoday.com
1093:Anatomy & physiology
809:
3326:In culture and religion
2334:Encyclopedia of Insects
2278:Biology of Reproduction
2206:Fertility and Sterility
1609:Journal of Sex Research
1390:. BBC News. 2008-06-12.
1344:British Medical Journal
1307:. In McDowell J (ed.).
313:there 6–12 days later.
64:, and the start of the
3154:Irregular menstruation
3111:Lactational amenorrhea
3074:Calendar-based methods
3043:Basal body temperature
2891:Diseases and disorders
2700:Sexual differentiation
2330:"Oviposition Behavior"
2249:10.1006/frne.1998.0167
1968:10.1006/frne.2000.0198
1668:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0174
1305:"The Endocrine System"
1164:Maternity Nursing Care
735:in vitro fertilization
704:follicular development
659:in vitro fertilization
541:
516:basal body temperature
475:basal body temperature
231:
104:Anatomical terminology
3354:Menstrual suppression
3316:Menstrual Hygiene Day
3248:Premenstrual syndrome
2923:Premature ejaculation
2918:Hard flaccid syndrome
2588:Human sexual activity
1870:10.1093/humupd/dms019
1457:Biological Psychology
1116:Wilcox AJ, Baird DD,
898:Chaudhuri SK (2007).
752:Further information:
695:Ovulation suppression
657:. It is also used in
535:
489:Further information:
485:Clinical presentation
471:secretory endometrium
250:of 8.2 to 20.5 days.
244:last menstrual period
205:
44:Following a surge of
3824:Egg drop competition
2913:Erectile dysfunction
2418:Ovulation calculator
1662:(Suppl 5:S): 270–2.
1283:medicalnewstoday.com
972:Rosenthal M (2012).
548:Urine levels of the
495:Fertility awareness
3289:Cloth menstrual pad
3258:Menstrual psychosis
3220:Menstrual synchrony
3069:Fertility awareness
2692:reproductive system
2680:Vaginal lubrication
2458:sexual reproduction
2328:Klowden MJ (2009).
675:ovarian stimulation
671:ovulation induction
667:ovarian stimulation
641:Ovulation induction
635:Ovulation induction
629:Menstrual disorders
566:menstrual disorders
562:ovulatory disorders
505:concealed ovulation
491:Concealed ovulation
381:proteolytic enzymes
370:luteinizing hormone
267:luteinizing hormone
248:prediction interval
220:luteinizing hormone
46:luteinizing hormone
3964:Human reproduction
3819:Egg-and-spoon race
3646:List of egg dishes
3459:Fish and amphibian
3440:List of egg topics
2690:Development of the
2601:Sexual intercourse
2375:10.1002/btm2.10058
2336:. Academic Press.
1936:2012-02-26 at the
1709:Human Reproduction
827:2016-05-02 at the
623:Hyperprolactinemia
564:are classified as
542:
399:at the end of the
232:
123:is the release of
3946:
3945:
3879:Ovo vegetarianism
3397:
3396:
3092:
3091:
2977:Events and phases
2936:
2935:
2705:Sexual dimorphism
2670:Postpartum period
2018:978-1-59708-004-0
1904:978-1-4443-9394-1
1841:978-0-19-920380-2
1756:(10): 1035–1040.
1428:"Ovulation Signs"
1232:sciencedirect.com
1194:Gupta RC (2011).
1091:Marieb E (2013).
774:Anovulatory cycle
737:, cycles where a
689:induced ovulation
432:spindle apparatus
393:peritoneal cavity
348:cumulus oophorous
333:ovarian follicles
285:will form in the
149:ovarian follicles
118:
117:
113:
16:(Redirected from
3986:
3934:
3933:
3922:
3921:
3676:Custard desserts
3424:
3417:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3369:Menstruation hut
3349:Menstrual stigma
3309:Period underwear
3279:Feminine hygiene
3215:Folliculogenesis
3159:Menometrorrhagia
3033:
3032:
2989:Follicular phase
2963:
2956:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2675:Mechanics of sex
2484:Follicular phase
2454:Human physiology
2447:
2440:
2433:
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1538:Cleveland Clinic
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1432:News-Medical.net
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933:Allen D (2004).
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864:
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841:Young B (2006).
838:
832:
819:
784:Folliculogenesis
720:antigonadotropic
469:and later into
420:secondary oocyte
389:secondary oocyte
329:follicular phase
323:Folliculogenesis
317:Follicular phase
240:follicular phase
212:follicular phase
145:follicular phase
110:edit on Wikidata
107:
97:E1.0.0.0.0.0.7
58:follicular phase
42:
30:
29:
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3959:Menstrual cycle
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3533:Ichthyoplankton
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3398:
3393:
3359:Menstrual taboo
3344:Menstrual leave
3320:
3262:
3234:
3230:Sexual activity
3203:
3194:Polymenorrhagia
3179:Oligoamenorrhea
3139:Cryptomenorrhea
3115:
3088:
3084:Creighton Model
3057:
3024:
3003:
2972:
2970:Menstrual cycle
2967:
2937:
2932:
2886:
2863:
2830:
2803:and infertility
2802:
2795:
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2691:
2684:
2582:
2512:Spermatogenesis
2498:
2466:Menstrual cycle
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2195:
2193:Further reading
2190:
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2100:(9): CD011345.
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1938:Wayback Machine
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829:Wayback Machine
820:
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789:Menstrual cycle
770:
761:
756:
747:GnRH antagonist
697:
643:
637:
617:Ovarian failure
615:WHO group III:
558:
501:
487:
451:
445:
363:
355:hyaluronic acid
351:granulosa cells
325:
319:
295:fallopian tubes
279:menstrual cycle
263:pituitary gland
236:menstrual cycle
208:menstrual cycle
200:
155:ovarian cells.
131:as part of the
114:
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3992:
3982:
3981:
3979:Theriogenology
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3889:Vegreville egg
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3379:Period poverty
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3209:
3208:Related events
3205:
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3191:
3189:Oligoovulation
3186:
3184:Oligomenorrhea
3181:
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3050:
3048:Cervical mucus
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2598:
2596:Sexual arousal
2592:
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2517:spermatogonium
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2403:
2402:External links
2400:
2398:
2397:
2369:(3): 238–246.
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2315:(11): 958–67.
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1350:(6535): 1562.
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1132:(23): 1796–9.
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822:Ovulation Test
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680:A low dose of
655:oligomenorrhea
639:Main article:
636:
633:
626:
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621:WHO group IV:
619:
613:
606:
591:
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576:
573:Oligoovulation
557:
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512:cervical mucus
486:
483:
447:Main article:
444:
441:
401:fallopian tube
362:
359:
344:corona radiata
318:
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273:(FSH). In the
199:
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180:fertilized egg
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88:
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82:
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71:
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43:
35:
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18:Oligoovulation
9:
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3874:Organizations
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3849:Humpty Dumpty
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3474:Fossil record
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3304:Menstrual pad
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3299:Menstrual cup
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3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3149:Hypomenorrhea
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3053:Mittelschmerz
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2859:Breastfeeding
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:Fertilization
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2504:Gametogenesis
2501:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2345:
2343:9780080920900
2339:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2284:(2): 225–32.
2283:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2243:(3): 151–86.
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2212:(1): 116–22.
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2082:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2058:(6): 549–57.
2057:
2053:
2052:Contraception
2045:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1962:(3): 220–62.
1961:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:(5): 586–99.
1863:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1812:9789387162303
1808:
1804:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1715:(7): 1835–9.
1714:
1710:
1706:
1703:(July 1999).
1702:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1656:Proc Biol Sci
1653:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1515:
1513:9780781788076
1509:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1463:(3): 269–79.
1462:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1389:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1320:
1318:9780313391750
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1258:
1257:coveville.com
1254:
1248:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1209:
1207:9780123820334
1203:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1176:
1174:9781401811921
1170:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:(June 1999).
1119:
1112:
1104:
1102:9780321887603
1098:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1022:
1020:9782884491716
1016:
1012:
1008:
1001:
987:
985:9780618755714
981:
977:
976:
968:
954:
952:9780472030279
948:
944:
939:
938:
929:
915:
913:9788131211502
909:
905:
901:
894:
880:
876:
870:
856:
854:9780443068508
850:
846:
845:
837:
830:
826:
823:
818:
814:
805:
804:Fertilisation
802:
800:
799:Mittelschmerz
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
779:Corpus luteum
777:
775:
772:
771:
765:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
724:gonadotropins
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
692:
690:
687:By contrast,
685:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:egg retrieval
660:
656:
652:
648:
642:
632:
630:
624:
620:
618:
614:
611:
607:
604:
601:WHO group I:
600:
599:
598:
596:
588:
584:
580:
577:
574:
571:
570:
569:
567:
563:
553:
551:
546:
539:
538:fertilization
534:
530:
527:
525:
521:
520:Mittelschmerz
517:
513:
508:
506:
500:
499:Mittelschmerz
496:
492:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:corpus luteum
450:
440:
436:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
358:
356:
352:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
324:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:phase of the
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:anterior lobe
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
133:ovarian cycle
130:
126:
122:
111:
105:
101:
98:
95:
93:
89:
86:
83:
81:
77:
72:
67:
63:
62:ovarian cycle
59:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3935:
3923:
3716:Onsen tamago
3572:
3174:Metrorrhagia
3144:Dysmenorrhea
2999:Luteal phase
2993:
2984:Menstruation
2763:Paternal age
2759:Maternal age
2732:Tanner scale
2715:Virilization
2710:Feminization
2660:Implantation
2646:Insemination
2630:Ejaculation
2606:Masturbation
2522:spermatocyte
2494:Luteal phase
2488:
2479:Menstruation
2366:
2362:
2347:. Retrieved
2333:
2312:
2308:
2281:
2277:
2240:
2236:
2209:
2205:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2097:
2093:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2008:
2002:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1893:
1886:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1831:
1821:
1801:
1794:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1712:
1708:
1694:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1615:(1): 82–93.
1612:
1608:
1601:
1590:. Retrieved
1588:. 2020-06-18
1585:
1576:
1565:. Retrieved
1561:
1552:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1528:
1517:. Retrieved
1502:
1495:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1405:
1396:
1382:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1322:. Retrieved
1308:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1259:. 2015-02-03
1256:
1247:
1236:. Retrieved
1231:
1222:
1211:. Retrieved
1196:
1189:
1178:. Retrieved
1163:
1156:
1129:
1125:
1111:
1092:
1051:(3): 212–9.
1048:
1044:
1024:. Retrieved
1010:
1000:
989:. Retrieved
974:
967:
956:. Retrieved
936:
928:
917:. Retrieved
903:
893:
882:. Retrieved
878:
869:
858:. Retrieved
843:
836:
817:
762:
743:GnRH agonist
728:
710:(OID) of an
707:
698:
686:
679:
674:
653:(PCOS) and
644:
627:
592:
561:
559:
547:
543:
528:
509:
502:
463:progesterone
452:
449:Luteal phase
443:Luteal phase
437:
413:
384:
378:
364:
341:
337:menstruation
326:
275:preovulatory
255:hypothalamus
252:
238:, after the
233:
216:luteal phase
210:, after the
192:menstruation
160:luteal phase
157:
120:
119:
66:luteal phase
54:uterine tube
3834:Fabergé egg
3134:Anovulation
3098:Suppression
3008:Life stages
2908:Dyspareunia
2903:Dysorgasmia
2849:Development
2149:: 1147306.
2039:pp. 257–258
1894:Infertility
1701:Weinberg CR
1406:momjunction
1118:Weinberg CR
716:progestogen
665:. Usually,
579:Anovulation
297:toward the
176:endometrium
147:, when the
137:vertebrates
74:Identifiers
3953:Categories
3844:HowToBasic
3839:Free range
3814:Easter egg
3809:Decorating
3791:In culture
3681:Deep fried
3602:Components
3482:Cephalopod
3389:Tampon tax
3129:Amenorrhea
2928:Vaginismus
2898:Anorgasmia
2752:Adrenarche
2747:Spermarche
2727:Gonadarche
2349:2013-11-09
1977:2268/91368
1913:1083163793
1592:2021-07-29
1567:2021-07-29
1543:2021-07-29
1519:2013-11-09
1437:2023-05-22
1324:2013-11-09
1238:2023-05-22
1213:2013-11-09
1180:2013-11-09
1026:2013-11-09
991:2013-11-09
958:2013-11-09
919:2013-11-09
884:2021-07-29
860:2013-11-09
733:including
536:Chance of
424:Meiosis II
321:See also:
303:fertilized
184:conception
164:fertilized
3969:Midwifery
3799:Balancing
3761:Scrambled
3573:Ovulation
3563:Oviparity
3543:Oogenesis
3502:Pathology
3464:Monotreme
3334:Chhaupadi
3121:Disorders
3020:Menopause
2994:Ovulation
2854:Lactation
2844:Thelarche
2821:Andrology
2768:Menopause
2665:Pregnancy
2655:Fertility
2610:Erection
2566:Germ cell
2539:Oogenesis
2527:spermatid
2489:Ovulation
2165:1664-2392
2035:781956734
2027:0091-9721
1770:0039-128X
794:Oogenesis
583:menarchal
556:Disorders
514:, and in
479:paracrine
428:metaphase
416:meiosis I
372:(LH) and
361:Ovulation
269:(LH) and
222:(LH) and
135:for most
127:from the
125:egg cells
121:Ovulation
48:(LH), an
33:Ovulation
3925:Category
3726:Powdered
3711:Omelette
3706:Meringue
3656:Benedict
3623:membrane
3523:Egg cell
3496:dinosaur
3339:In Islam
3029:Tracking
3015:Menarche
2791:Vivipary
2761: /
2742:Menarche
2737:Pubarche
2619:Clitoral
2571:gonocyte
2544:oogonium
2474:Menarche
2393:29313033
2265:40594356
2228:12849812
2183:37455908
2174:10344356
2124:37709293
2115:10501857
2072:22078182
1986:10882541
1934:Archived
1878:22611175
1786:20604171
1778:23831784
1750:Steroids
1731:10402400
1686:15503991
1637:40401379
1629:15216427
1487:46065468
1479:12853171
1148:10362823
1073:29063110
1065:12797075
825:Archived
768:See also
712:estrogen
702:inhibit
459:estrogen
397:fimbriae
366:Estrogen
287:follicle
228:estrogen
182:. If no
174:lining (
3937:Commons
3906:Tossing
3901:Tapping
3896:Rolling
3884:Pysanka
3869:Organic
3864:Oomancy
3776:Soufflé
3766:Shirred
3731:Pickled
3721:Poached
3686:Deviled
3671:Coddled
3666:Century
3638:As food
3628:Chalaza
3588:Trophic
3558:Oviduct
3548:Ootheca
3518:Allergy
3511:Biology
3492:Reptile
3267:Hygiene
3062:Systems
2826:Hormone
2722:Puberty
2384:5689497
2321:1293040
2300:8142540
2257:9665835
1826:Page 54
1677:1810066
1411:26 July
1374:3087519
1365:1340563
612:(PCOS).
605:failure
550:hormone
311:implant
261:of the
198:Process
190:during
172:uterine
129:ovaries
85:D010060
60:of the
3859:Oology
3829:Egging
3804:Carton
3771:Smoked
3756:Scotch
3751:Salted
3736:Quiche
3691:Eggnog
3661:Boiled
3593:Zygote
3538:Oogamy
3528:Embryo
3374:Niddah
3294:Tampon
2882:Female
2836:Breast
2639:Female
2626:Orgasm
2614:Penile
2576:gamete
2549:oocyte
2391:
2381:
2340:
2319:
2298:
2263:
2255:
2226:
2181:
2171:
2163:
2122:
2112:
2070:
2033:
2025:
2015:
1994:873489
1992:
1984:
1911:
1901:
1876:
1838:
1809:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1729:
1684:
1674:
1635:
1627:
1510:
1485:
1477:
1372:
1362:
1315:
1288:15 Feb
1234:. 2012
1204:
1171:
1146:
1099:
1071:
1063:
1017:
982:
949:
945:–133.
910:
851:
497:, and
409:uterus
387:. The
385:stigma
299:uterus
283:stigma
188:vagina
153:oocyte
50:oocyte
3746:Salad
3696:Fried
3651:Balut
3619:Shell
3614:White
3583:Tooth
3578:Spawn
3553:Ovary
3447:Types
3036:Signs
2554:ootid
2532:sperm
2261:S2CID
1990:S2CID
1782:S2CID
1633:S2CID
1562:WebMD
1483:S2CID
1263:3 Feb
1069:S2CID
879:WebMD
810:Notes
745:or a
524:smell
405:cilia
307:sperm
305:by a
301:. If
168:sperm
141:women
139:. In
108:[
3854:Hunt
3701:Iron
3621:and
3609:Yolk
3487:Fish
3454:Bird
3431:Eggs
2877:Male
2786:Ovum
2634:Male
2559:ovum
2389:PMID
2338:ISBN
2317:PMID
2296:PMID
2253:PMID
2224:PMID
2179:PMID
2161:ISSN
2120:PMID
2098:2023
2068:PMID
2031:OCLC
2023:ISSN
2013:ISBN
1982:PMID
1909:OCLC
1899:ISBN
1874:PMID
1836:ISBN
1828:in:
1807:ISBN
1774:PMID
1766:ISSN
1727:PMID
1682:PMID
1625:PMID
1508:ISBN
1475:PMID
1413:2016
1370:PMID
1313:ISBN
1290:2016
1265:2015
1202:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1144:PMID
1097:ISBN
1061:PMID
1015:ISBN
980:ISBN
947:ISBN
908:ISBN
849:ISBN
593:The
461:and
346:and
327:The
80:MeSH
3781:Tea
3741:Roe
2778:Egg
2456:of
2379:PMC
2371:doi
2286:doi
2245:doi
2214:doi
2169:PMC
2151:doi
2110:PMC
2102:doi
2060:doi
1972:hdl
1964:doi
1866:doi
1758:doi
1717:doi
1672:PMC
1664:doi
1660:271
1617:doi
1465:doi
1360:PMC
1352:doi
1348:292
1134:doi
1130:340
1053:doi
943:132
729:In
714:or
166:by
3955::
2653:/
2387:.
2377:.
2365:.
2361:.
2313:30
2311:.
2294:.
2282:50
2280:.
2276:.
2259:.
2251:.
2241:19
2239:.
2222:.
2210:80
2208:.
2204:.
2177:.
2167:.
2159:.
2147:14
2145:.
2141:.
2118:.
2108:.
2096:.
2092:.
2080:^
2066:.
2056:84
2054:.
2029:.
2021:.
1988:.
1980:.
1970:.
1960:21
1958:.
1954:.
1921:^
1907:.
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