Old-time music - Knowledge

457:'s Folklore Center in Greenwich Village. The group's goal was to "reach deep into the grassroots and bring traditional folk music, performed by traditional artists, to the New York City area," according to Richard Rinzler's booklet accompanying a collection of concert recordings. Under its "Old-Time Music" umbrella, rather than the phrase "folk music" then being used heavily by commercial record companies and young singer-songwriters, the group presented a wide range of older black and white traditional and "roots" musicians, including Southern singers, fiddlers, banjo players, guitarists and string bands in styles ranging from unaccompanied and banjo-accompanied ballad-singing to bluegrass and blues artists, some of whom had recorded as early as the 1920s. (Among the concert performers were 131: 1655: 1301:, Hank Bradley, and others. The Berkeley old-time scene of the late 1960s is documented in 1971 notes by Rita Weill to the Folkways LP "Berkeley Farms." The Berkeley Old Time Fiddler's Convention, she said, was "Conceived in the back of a Volkswagen bus, on the way to a party in Marin County, in 1968, by a group of people who wanted to retain the good music and interplay they'd witnessed at Southern fiddle-banjo contests, without the competition and corruption extant there. They wished to avoid the effects of regionalism that decreed there was a right way to play a tune and a wrong way, as wel. After all, they felt, who could pinpoint one tradition for Berkeley? So it happened with but one rule, 'No fair 'lectric instruments.'" 897:. It is one of the few regional styles of old-time music that, since World War II, has been learned and widely practiced in all areas of the United States and Canada (as well as in Europe, Australia, and elsewhere). In some cases (as in the Midwest and Northeast), its popularity has eclipsed the indigenous old-time traditions of these regions. There is a particularly high concentration of performers playing Appalachian folk music on the East and West Coasts (especially in New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and the Pacific Northwest). A number of American classical composers, in particular 509:, Cohen and Young decided to call their new organization the Friends of Old Time Music, they were referring to language that had been used by the commercial recording industry almost four decades earlier." In a separate essay, Cohen observes, "Ralph and I looked for name for our proposed organization, one that would avoid the pitfalls of the word 'folk,' for we needed to establish our own distinct identity as something apart from the folk revival," with its "commercialization of folk music by the music industry" and "urban performers who were interpreting and inventing folk music". 572:"fiddle style" that seems to have been influenced in part by late-19th century urban classical style. Young players might learn whatever style a parent or older sibling favored, or take inspiration from phonograph records, radio, traveling performers and migrant workers, local guitarists and banjo players, as well as other musicians they met when traveling to neighboring areas. Having a fiddle play the lead melody with a banjo playing rhythmic accompaniment is the most common form of Appalachian old-time music today. 979: 772: 1637: 1628: 1040:, who all learned to make and play fretless mountain banjos from a family tradition. These players, among others, learned their art primarily from family and show fewer traces of influence from commercial hillbilly recordings. The Proffitts and Hicks were heirs to a centuries-old folk tradition, and through the middle to late 20th century they performed in a style older than the stringbands often associated with old time music. Their style has been recently emulated by contemporary musician 1646: 25: 1161:(the first Europeans to settle in the region), frowned upon instrumental music, dance music flourished in both urban and rural areas beginning in the 17th century. Primary instruments today include the fiddle, piano, and guitar, with the wooden flute sometimes also used. As with Appalachian folk, a number of classical composers have turned to New England folk music for melodic and harmonic ideas, most famously 316:

literal use to describe nostalgic song and tune collections over the years, and concert organizers' and record companies' use of the phrase in the 1960s to identify traditional instrumental and vocal music by rural white and black musicians, distinct from the then-commercialized "folk revival" music that included urban "interpreters" and singer-songwriters. (See "Revival" below.)

527:, Jenes Cottrell, Dorsey Dixon, Clint Howard, Fred Price, and Doc Watson. The New Lost City Ramblers were included on a "Country Music and Bluegrass at Newport" record, and Mississippi John Hurt was among performers on "Blues at Newport." Ashley, whose band featured Doc Watson, appeared on both the "Old Time" and "Country Music and Bluegrass" collections. 1453:. American hammered dulcimer players like Ken Kolodner, Mark Alan Wade and Rick Thum continue this tradition. Family bands, such as The Martin Family Band, from Maryland, are continuing the traditions of old time music played on fiddle, banjo, lap dulcimer, hammered dulcimer, mandolin, piano, guitar, bass and percussion. The 855:

Of note is the fact that these families maintained a specific, unique vocal tradition and traditional English lyrical pronunciations across several generations, until gaining fame in the 1960s and 1970s through similar field recordings completed by John Cohen. These records featured Dillard Chandler,

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Players usually learn old-time music by attending local jam sessions and by attending festivals scattered around the country. With the spread of broad-band Internet, more and more old-time recordings are available via small publishers. Internet streaming audio ("Web radio"), and small Web sites make

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in 1962 started a label called "Old Timey," reissuing dozens of LPs based on old 78s by old-time string bands and more -- not only volumes of "Old-Time Southern Dance Music: Ballads And Songs," but "Pioneers Of Cajun Accordion 1926-1936," "Amadé Ardoin* – The First Black Zydeco Recording Artist (His

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Although it is one of the oldest and most prominent forms of traditional music in the United States and Canada, old-time music (with a few notable exceptions) is generally not taught in North American primary schools, secondary schools, or universities. Although square dancing is still occasionally

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The Pacific Northwest has a vibrant old-time music community. Extending the north–south corridor from Seattle to Portland and east to Weiser, ID and Boise, gatherings and festivals such as the Portland Old Time Gathering, Festival of American Fiddle Tunes in Port Townsend, WA, an annual campout in

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had become an essential partner to the fiddle, particularly in the southern United States. The banjo, originally a fretless instrument made from a gourd, provided rhythmic accompaniment to song, dance and the fiddle, incorporating a high drone provided by the instrument's short "drone string." The

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in the 1940s, which helped advance the split between the old-time genre and the solo-centric style that became known as bluegrass. Jenkins developed a three-finger "roll" method that, while obviously part of the old-time tradition, inspired Scruggs to develop the smoother, faster and more complex

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The Digital Library of Appalachia provides online access to archival and historical materials related to the culture of the southern and central Appalachian region, including audio recording samples. Contents are drawn from special collections of Appalachian College Association member libraries.

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fiddle and banjo music as played in the Southern United States, so that "bluegrass banjo" and "bluegrass fiddle" can be judged separately. However, definitions of the phrase vary historically and geographically, including racially segregated titles used in record catalogs of the 1920s and 1930s,

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have "Old Time Ensembles" to teach and keep Old Time music alive. Regular old-time jam circles are also important to spreading and teaching this music. Regular old-time jams occur not only throughout the United States, but in places as far flung as Beijing, China, where the Beijing Pickers jam

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style, but there were numerous styles, most of which are still used to some extent today. The major styles are down-picking (generally referred to today as "clawhammer," though historically myriad names were used to describe it), two-finger index lead, two-finger thumb lead, and a three-finger

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Players traditionally learn old-time music by ear; even musicians who can read music. A broad selection of written music does exist, although many believe that the style of old-time music cannot be practically notated by written music. This is in part because there are many regional and local

365:, but proved a suitable replacement for other terms that were considered disparaging by many inhabitants of these regions. It remains the term preferred by performers and listeners of the music. It is sometimes referred to as "old-timey" or "mountain music" by long-time practitioners. 1369:

The current old-time music scene is alive and well, sparked since the mid-1990s by the combined exposure resulting from several prominent films, more accessible depositories of source material, institutions like the Field Recorders Collective, and the work of touring bands, including

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Because old-time fiddle-based string band music is often played for dances, it is often characterized as dance music. There are also long-standing traditions of solo listening pieces and fiddle songs, such as those documented in West Virginia by Erynn Marshall in

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at Clifftop, W.V., that offer week-long immersions in old-time music and dance. These camps are family friendly and allow beginners to enter into the tradition and more advanced players to hone their sound with instruction from some of the best in the music.

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offers a comprehensive program in bluegrass and old time music studies. The program includes a variety of bluegrass and country music courses, both performance-oriented and academic. Minors in both Bluegrass and in Appalachian Studies are also offered.

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and other musics were adapted into the old-time style. People played similar music in all regions of the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries, but by the mid 20th century it was associated primarily with rural areas, particularly the

2629:"The Field Recorders’ Collective is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the preservation and distribution of noncommercial recordings of traditional American music, material that is unavailable to the general public." fieldrecorder.org 842:

arrived in Appalachia and began recording the folk songs on the Mountains. Sharp, an authority on British ballads, was able to identify 1,600 versions of 500 songs from 281 singers, almost all having their origins in the English/Scottish

627:), is also considered 'standard' bluegrass instrumentation, but old-time music tends to focus on sparser instrumentation and arrangements compared to bluegrass. Such an assemblage, of whatever instrumentation, became known simply as a " 851:. Some examples of songs preserved in the Appalachian Mountains and recorded by Sharp include, "The Hangman Song", "Barbara Allen", etc. The primary sources for many of Sharp's recordings came from a string of related families around 619:). These provided chordal, bass line, and pitched rhythmic accompaniment, and occasionally took over the melody, usually during a "break" section that lasted the duration of a verse, refrain, or verse and refrain. This, along with a 542:

Old-time music is played using a wide variety of stringed instruments. The instrumentation of an old-time group is often determined by what instruments are available, as well as by tradition. The most common instruments are acoustic

443:. New Lost City Ramblers sparked new interest in "old-time" or "old-timey" music, and wrote about it in record notes, magazine articles, and the New Lost City Ramblers Songbook, later reissued as the Old-Time String Band Songbook. 319:

Contemporary fiddler's conventions, music camps and festivals often use the terms "old-time" and "old-time string band" interchangeably, heavily weighted toward instrumental performance and often placing vocal music in a separate

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in Massachusetts, founded in 1935, has included Appalachian music and dance in its summer programs for many years, as well as British Isles music and dance. Numerous other folk-music and dance camps with "themed" weeks, like the

386:, some of which are still in the old-time string band repertoire. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the guitar and mandolin became increasingly available, as well as factory made banjos, and tunes originating in 1201:

Beginning in the early 19th century, when the Midwestern states were first settled by immigrants from the eastern United States and Europe, the Midwest developed its own regional styles of old-time music. Among these, the

863:(note the unorthodox spelling) is usually credited with developing (during the 1740s) the short bow sawstroke technique that defines Appalachian fiddling. This technique was altered during the next century, with European 381:

and tambourine, at first performing tunes learned from Black players, soon added tunes adapted from white players previous European-roots repertoire, and songs composed specifically for those ensembles, such as those of

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A 2006 three-CD box set from Folkways reissued more of the original 14 concerts, under the title "Friends of Old Time Music: The Folk Arrival 1961-1965," accompanied by a 60-page book by Peter K. Siegel, with essays by

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The fiddle is sometimes played by two people at the same time, with one player using the bow and fingers, while another player stands to the side and taps out a rhythm on the fiddle strings using small sticks called

1680:, which developed in the 1940s as concert music. Bluegrass music developed from old-time music and shares many of the same songs and instruments, but is more oriented toward solo performance than is old-time music. 453:), and events ("The 37th Old Time Fiddler's Convention at Union Grove North Carolina"), including a 1960s New York City organization called the "Friends of Old-Time Music" (F.O.T.M. for short), with headquarters at 1739:

taught in elementary schools (generally with recorded, rather than live music), old-time instruments and dances are not included in the educational system, and must be studied outside the school system.

1793:, music lessons, workshops, and immersive "Old Time Music Get Together" long-weekend camps are offered by The Handmade Music School, a non-profit spin-off of local music venue The Floyd Country Store. 997: 1866:. A Dibbs Directions Production for Channel Four TV in association with Alan Lomax. Presented by North Carolina Public TV. 1991 videocassette release of an episode from the 1990 television series 790: 1297:, folk dance and instrumental music scenes, documented in oral history interviews collected by musician, teacher and author Evo Bluestein, including the contributions of multi-instrumentalists 1293:

A California old-time music scene arose from college-city folk music scenes of the 1960s and '70s, from Fresno to Berkeley, including the Sweets Mill music camps and the crossover between

2735:"Northern Lights Bluegrass & Old Tyme Music Festival & CampNorthern Lights Bluegrass & Old Tyme Music Festival & Camp | 11 Years of Bluegrass in Saskatchewan, Canada" 551:

was nearly always the leading melodic instrument, and in many instances (if no other instruments were available) dances were accompanied only by a single fiddler, who often also acted as

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This music, at least in the beginning, wasn't called Western swing. Some called it hillbilly, or old-time music, novelty hot dance, hot string band, cowboy jazz, and even Texas swing.

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A growing number of folk music schools in the greater United States, usually non-profit and community=based, have taken up the mantle of providing instruction in old-time music: The

1537: 995: 1676:, 2006). In dance music as played by old-time string bands, emphasis is placed on providing a strong beat, and instrumental solos, or breaks, are rarely taken. This contrasts with 4600: 449:, founded in 1948, began to use the phrase "Old Time Music" prominently in conjunction with Mike Seeger, the New Lost City Ramblers, other performers (e.g., Canadian fiddler 1541: 259:, which along with the simple banjo-fiddle duet have historically been the most common configurations to play old-time music. The genre is considered a precursor to modern 788: 311:, and thus the term "old-time" is an appropriate one. In popular usage at 21st century fiddlers' conventions and summer music camps, it frequently describes styles of pre- 711:(also spelled "fiddle sticks"). This technique (also sometimes called "beating the straws") is utilized in performance most notably by the duo of Al and Emily Cantrell. 1094:

has much in common with other North American old-time traditions it is generally treated as a tradition unto itself and not referred to as a form of old-time music.

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These schools and the subsequent music communities that spring from them offer a positive trend in keeping old-time music alive. Also, universities such as

3889: 279:, Europe, and Africa. African influences are notably found in vocal and instrumental performance styles and dance, as well as the often cited use of the 2618: 1731:

variations to old-time tunes, and because some of the most noted players often improvised and wouldn't play a tune exactly the same way every time.

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Berzilla Wallin (recorded by Sharp) and Dellie Norton. Relatives of those individuals continue to keep this unique vocal style alive to this day.

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both remain popular, the reel is by far the predominant metric structure preferred by old-time musicians in the United States (though a few

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Appalachian old-time music is itself made up of regional traditions. Some of the most prominent traditions include those of North Georgia (

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There are numerous regional styles of old-time music, each with its own repertoire and playing style. Nevertheless, some tunes (such as "

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Centralia, WA and the National Oldtime Fiddlers' Contest have helped build a growing and multi-generational old time music community.

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Old-time music, especially if defined to include ballads and other vocal music, represents perhaps the oldest form of North American

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Toll, Robert C., "Blacking Up, the Minstrel Show in 19th Century America," Oxford University Press; New edition (February 3, 1977)

1850:. In the UK Friends of American Old Time Music and Dance was formed in 1995. A year later Sore Fingers Summer School was started. 3768: 1593: 1279: 878:, and other industries, influenced Appalachian music as the banjo was adopted from African Americans by white musicians (such as 2577: 5503: 4146: 3723: 1782: 1589: 838:

As a result of the terrain of the region, the societies and cultures were fairly isolated from outside intervention. In 1916,

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Original Recordings 1928-1938)," "Classic Country Duets," and collections of " Western Swing, Blues, Boogie And Honky Tonk."

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in particular took the revival across the country and often featured older musicians in their shows. The band was originally

89: 5292: 5264: 3805: 2975: 61: 2096:""What is old time music?" Webpage copy of essay originally printed in the May 1997 issue of Bluegrass Unlimited magazine" 1908:(dir. Maggie Greenwald, 2000) is a film about a musicologist researching Appalachian folk music in western North Carolina. 603:

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, musicians began to add other stringed instruments to the fiddle-banjo duo—including

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Montgomery, Michael, The Scotch-Irish Element in Appalachian English: How Broad? How Deep?. University of South Carolina

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banjo used in old-time music is typically a 5-string model with an open back (i.e., without the resonator found on most

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provinces where the Scottish influence is strong, perform both reels and jigs (as well as other types of tunes such as

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states, being among the first settled by Europeans, have one of the oldest traditions of old-time music. Although the

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Bluestein, Evo and Juliana Harris; "The Road to Sweets Mill." The Press at California State University Fresno, 2017.

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Prominent old-time music festivals (some of which also include bluegrass, dance, and other related arts) include the

1527: 708: 159: 108: 1609: 905:, have composed works that merge the idioms of Appalachian folk music with the Old World–based classical tradition. 4831: 1914:(1983). Produced and directed by Les Blank, CeCe Conway, and Alice Gerrard. El Cerrito, California: Flower Films. 1282:(consisting of Henry Hall, fiddle; Clarence Hall, guitar; and Harold Hall, banjo and voice), which was recorded by 1134: 2619:

https://folkways.si.edu/berkeley-farms-oldtime-and-country-style-music-of-berkeley/american-folk/album/smithsonian

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of 1963, including several Southern players who had performed at FOTM concerts and Folkways records, and others:

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The region of central and southern Illinois has its own distinct style and repertoire of old-time music as well.

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A new generation of old-time musicians performs as solo acts and band leaders all over the country, including:

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Ritchie, Fiona and Orr, Doug; Wayfaring Strangers The Musical Voyage from Scotland and Ulster to Appalachia,

1802: 1036:. Notable North Carolina traditional banjo players and makers include Frank Proffitt, Frank Proffitt Jr. and 4536: 5601: 5596: 5217: 5212: 5078: 3944: 3862: 2202:

John Cohen, Mike Seeger, Hally Wood, eds.; Old-time string band songbook, Oak Publications, New York, 1976.

2058: 949: 520: 57: 4181: 587:. Those early three-finger styles, especially the technique developed by Jenkins, led to the three-finger 5238: 4882: 4824: 4783: 3907: 3513: 2536: 2301: 1925: 1485: 696: 189: 4521: 3349: 2759: 5192: 4410: 4102: 4090: 3703: 3676: 3408: 1573: 1569: 1473: 921: 913: 4642: 4625: 4568: 283:; in some regions, Native American, Spanish, French and German sources are also prominent. While many 5207: 5197: 4756: 4679: 4347: 3999: 3934: 3914: 3115: 1770: 1763: 1585: 1481: 1033: 1008: 781: 3977: 2894:

Just Around the Bend: Survival and Revival in Southern Banjo Sounds – Mike Seeger's Last Documentary

2640:"Old-time Musician Keeps Flame Burning: Levenson is Part Performer, Part Teacher and Part Historian" 1874:

Just Around The Bend: Survival and Revival in Southern Banjo Styles – Mike Seeger's Last Documentary

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music. Fiddle music has also been popular since the 19th century in other Western states such as

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Jamison, Phil; Hoedowns, Reels, and Frolics: Roots and Branches of Southern Appalachian Dance,

1549: 1521: 1493: 1489: 1379: 1138: 424: 4469: 4459: 4454: 4366: 4293: 4215: 4169: 4159: 4129: 2950:, Listen to 700+ 78rpm recordings of old time music and search a discography of 319,000+ more. 1670:

Music in the Air Somewhere: The Shifting Borders of West Virginia's Fiddle and Song Traditions

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Individualistic three-finger styles were developed independently by such important figures as

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Among the prominent styles of old-time music in Canada are the Scottish-derived tradition of

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Each regional old-time tradition accompanies different dance styles. Some of these include

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Reflecting the cultures that settled North America, the roots of old-time music are in the

4590: 4558: 4511: 4119: 3781: 354:, began using "old-time music" as a term to describe the music of white artists including 8: 5340: 5280: 4847: 4761: 4610: 4541: 4315: 4281: 4220: 4208: 4191: 3793: 3663: 3493: 3052: 2961: 2651: 2511: 1929:(2000). Produced by Ethan Coen, Working Title Films, Studio Canal. Directed by Joel Coen. 1897: 1371: 1361:, has a distinct style of its own. As such, it is generally considered as its own genre. 909: 879: 754:") are found in nearly every regional style, though played somewhat differently in each. 228: 1390:. Contemporary Old-Time music closely blends styles with closely related genres such as 5122: 5117: 4970: 4664: 4659: 4637: 4563: 4526: 4432: 4332: 4305: 4249: 3240: 2716: 1939: 1719: 1601: 1581: 1505: 1383: 1318: 883: 739: 700: 404: 378: 2462: 4965: 4858: 4546: 4489: 4464: 4371: 4154: 4063: 3584: 3501: 3277: 2339: 2174: 2147: 2004:

Huber, Patrick, Linthead Stomp, The Creation of Country Music in the Piedmont South;

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Old-time country band The Lotus Eaters perform at the Our Community Place plant sale.

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https://www.evobluestein.com/store/#!/Road-to-Sweets-Mill/p/84551234/category=169017

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also have their own regional old-time music traditions and repertoires, as does the

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African Americans, who were not only slaves but also free blacks working in timber,

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inhabitants, has produced some Native American old-time string bands, most notably

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used "Old Time Music at Newport" as the title for one of its several LPs from the

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brought banjo and string-band music to New York City as early as the 1940s. The

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Filene, Benjamin, Romancing the Folk: Public Memory & American Roots Music,

1896:(1995). Produced and directed by John M. Bishop. A Media Generation production. 1111: 5426: 5333: 4898: 4768: 4713: 4674: 4342: 4164: 4014: 3954: 3939: 3820: 3468: 3438: 3245: 3182: 1943:(2019). Directed by Dale Farmer. Produced by Susan Pepper. Alt452 Productions. 1876:(2019). DVD, CDs and 80 page booklet by Alexia Smith, song notes by Bob Carlin. 1815: 1810: 1438: 1414: 1338: 1126: 1048: 969: 961: 917: 804: 584: 552: 474: 383: 5570: 2072: 1636: 1627: 1247:

developed a distinctive twin-fiddling tradition that was later popularized by

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have directly addressed the nearly lost tradition of black stringband music.

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company, which had previously coined the terms "hillbilly music" to describe

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Anthony Minghella (Dir.) Miramax, Mirage Enterprises, Bona Fide Productions.

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Levy, Mark; Carl Rahkonen; Ain Haas. "Scandinavian and Baltic Music".

1882:(1994). Directed by Les Blank. El Cerrito, California: Flower Films. 1645: 1228:

most typically refers to a mixture of Scandinavian styles, especially

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style is of particular interest for its energetic bowing style, while

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The Southern states (particularly coastal states such as Virginia and

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Many different types of dancing are done to old-time music, such as

1263:. The National Oldtime Fiddlers' Contest has been held each year in 158:

English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, French, German, Spanish, African,

24: 5112: 4955: 4494: 4437: 4237: 4051: 3982: 3574: 3162: 3094: 3045: 2943:

Sheet music, lyrics & midis for 200+ traditional old-time songs

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There are a variety of programs, mostly in the summer, such as the

1710:

are also still performed). Canadian musicians, particularly in the

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banjos). Today, old-time banjo players most commonly utilize the

395: 1818:

in New York, include specific "Southern" or "Old-time" weeks.

1137:, Matthew Kinman of the Apache Tribe, and Wovoka Herrera of the 5549: 5100: 5073: 4948: 4298: 4203: 4078: 4073: 3837: 3810: 3018: 2170:

Rural Rhythm: The Story of Old-Time Country Music in 78 Records

1980: 1330: 1326: 604: 548: 288: 248: 232: 3291: 2617:"Berkeley Farms: Oldtime and Country Style Music of Berkeley" 1534:

Northern Lights Bluegrass and Old Tyme Music Camp and Festival

972:(Charlie Acuff, The Roan Mountain Hilltoppers, G.B. Grayson). 5411: 5385: 5356: 5140: 5090: 4926: 4415: 3832: 3798: 3557: 3140: 2947: 2819: 2537:"Dear Old Illinois - Traditional Music of Downstate Illinois" 1960: 1449:, Lois Hornbostel, Wayne Seymour his disciples, Milltown and 1268: 1244: 1186: 1091: 1087: 868: 864: 636: 632: 620: 559: 399: 280: 244: 1880:

My Old Fiddle: A Visit with Tommy Jarrell in the Blue Ridge

1480:, George Gibson of Knott Co., Kentucky, Michael Defosche in 5472: 5150: 4931: 3562: 2996:

Music on the World Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage

1834: 1468:

Other practitioners of the music included Charlie Acuff of

1210:

is one of the few areas in North America with a continuous

335: 2837: 1141:. Calhoun played three-finger-style banjo and sang in the 4442: 2807: 2692: 1703: 889:

Appalachian folk became a major influence on styles like

5325: 2033:"Where Old-Time Music Came From … and Where It's Going" 2074:

Why this instrument explains Black American folk music

1476:, Lee Sexton of Line Fork, Kentucky, Thomas Maupin of 2560: 2242:

Friends of Old Time Music: The Folk Arrival 1961-1965

1357:, though similar in some ways to that of the rest of 1003:

Appalachian folk music from the Library of Congress'

847:. After his first study in Appalachia, he published 2785:"Smithville Fiddlers' Jamboree and Crafts Festival" 1862:(1990). Original material recorded and directed by 1121:Old-time music has also been adopted by individual 295:sources, many others are of North American origin. 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2438:"A Short History of Appalachian Traditional Music" 2143:Bluegrass, Newgrass, Old-Time, and Americana Music 2884: 2419: 2417: 1610:Smithville Fiddlers' Jamboree and Crafts Festival 849:English Folk Songs from the Southern Appalachians 742:), though there is some overlap between regions. 207:. It developed along with various North American 5583: 1868:American Patchwork: Songs and Stories of America 1781:, the Cowan Creek Mountain Music School, or the 505:and Jody Stecher. Among its observations, "When 2563:Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two 2933:Appalachian Traditional Music: A Short History 2414: 827:folk music is brought to the United States by 5341: 5044: 4832: 2983: 2969: 1337:, and the prairie fiddling traditions of the 439:. When Tom left the band, he was replaced by 255:. Together, they form an ensemble called the 3335: 2330:. University of Illinois Press. p. 23. 2325: 2140:Harris, Craig (2018-04-23). "Introduction". 1773:in Elkins, W.V., The Swannanoa Gathering at 1007:; performed by Bascom Lamar Lunsford in the 350:" to describe the music of African American 2326:Jones-Bamman, Richard (11 September 2017). 2238:Peter K. Siegel; John Cohen; Jody Stecher. 2214:"Booklet accompanying the 1964 Folkways LP 2211: 667:, as well as other instruments such as the 5348: 5334: 5275:International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame 5051: 5037: 4839: 4825: 2976: 2962: 2565:. New York and London: Garland Publishing. 1827:University of North Carolina at Greensboro 231:, generally centering on a combination of 129: 5270:International Bluegrass Music Association 2328:Building New Banjos for an Old-Time World 1604:, the Winfield Music Festival is held in 1364: 1274:Oklahoma, with its high concentration of 1214:tradition through the twentieth century. 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 2575: 2173:. Oxford University Press. p. 130. 2093: 4846: 2166: 1594:Clifftop, Fayette County, West Virginia 1457:and the solo careers of former members 5584: 5504:Four-String Banjo Hall of Fame Members 2139: 2115:"Fiddlin' John Carson (ca. 1868-1949)" 2112: 1900:: Distributed by Multicultural Media. 1783:Appalachian String Band Music Festival 1590:Appalachian String Band Music Festival 5612:Culture of the Southern United States 5329: 5032: 4820: 2957: 2576:Jungmann, Paula Evone (15 May 2014). 2512:"Hammer Dulcimer History and Playing" 2299: 2113:Daniel, Wayne W. (November 5, 2015). 2030: 1796: 1239: 1110:old-time traditions exist, including 5293:International Bluegrass Music Awards 5265:International Bluegrass Music Museum 1842:spawned a bluegrass/Americana group 1280:Big Chief Henry's Indian String Band 596:rolls that are now standard fare in 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 5058: 2638:Steinberg, David (January 2, 2009) 2070: 1777:, Blue Ridge Oldtime Music Week at 1349:) that the fiddle tradition of the 718:and flatfoot dancing (Appalachia), 13: 2928:Hillbilly Music: Source and Symbol 2578:"Western Swing: Texas State Music" 2425:University of North Carolina Press 2019:University of North Carolina Press 2006:University of North Carolina Press 1558:National Oldtime Fiddlers' Contest 1355:music of Newfoundland and Labrador 1097: 977: 831:and slaves. In turn it influenced 770: 745: 537: 14: 5628: 5288:Central Canadian Bluegrass Awards 5223:List of bluegrass music festivals 2921: 2302:"The Banjo's Roots, Reconsidered" 1550:West Virginia State Folk Festival 1528:Category:Old-time music festivals 1220:In the Upper Midwest, especially 882:) in the years leading up to the 631:." Less frequently used are the 2838:"Blue Ridge Old Time Music Week" 1653: 1644: 1635: 1626: 1135:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians 1129:(1918–2012) of Big Cove, in the 1019:Problems playing this file? See 993: 815:Problems playing this file? See 786: 415:Important revivalists including 377:configuration of banjo, fiddle, 368: 23: 4709:20th-century Western folk music 2866: 2848: 2830: 2812: 2801: 2777: 2752: 2727: 2709: 2685: 2661: 2632: 2623: 2611: 2599: 2569: 2554: 2529: 2504: 2480: 2455: 2430: 2405: 2381: 2352: 2319: 2300:Allen, Greg (August 23, 2011). 2293: 2283:"Old Timey Records Discography" 2275: 2254: 2231: 2205: 2196: 2187: 2031:Hayes, Ned (January 26, 2020). 1757:East Tennessee State University 1742: 1538:Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada 1353:is found. The traditional folk 952:(J. P. Fraley and Lee Sexton), 558:By the early 19th century, the 358:, who began recording in 1923. 34:needs additional citations for 5249:List of bluegrass mandolinists 2216:FOTM:Friends of Old Time Music 2160: 2133: 2106: 2087: 2064: 2051: 2024: 2011: 1998: 1566:Mount Airy Fiddlers Convention 1148: 361:The term thus originated as a 342:and Southern fiddle-based and 1: 1991: 1803:Old Town School of Folk Music 1028:The banjo player and fiddler 757: 5218:Tottenham Bluegrass Festival 5213:Telluride Bluegrass Festival 2655:. Retrieved April 18, 2024. 2167:Russell, Tony (2021-02-01). 2059:University of Illinois Press 1725: 1515: 1417:, Bruce Greene, Rhys Jones, 801:Clawhammer Banjo, Volume Two 298: 7: 5239:List of bluegrass musicians 2262:"Friends of Old Time Music" 2240:"Book accompanying CD set, 1954: 1735:the music more accessible. 1698:While in the British Isles 1486:Chapel Hill, North Carolina 1341:. It is here (primarily in 190:American folk music revival 10: 5635: 5193:High Sierra Music Festival 3806:Trinidadian and Tobagonian 2938:Old Time Music Source list 2739:Northernlightsbluegrass.ca 2717:"Carolina Chocolate Drops" 2121:. New Georgia Encyclopedia 1926:O Brother, Where Art Thou? 1846:and the old-time band the 1662: 1570:Mount Airy, North Carolina 1525: 1519: 1474:Mount Airy, North Carolina 1196: 761: 410: 266: 5563: 5532: 5496: 5445: 5404: 5363: 5355: 5301: 5257: 5231: 5208:Podunk Bluegrass Festival 5198:Festival of the Bluegrass 5185: 5164: 5133: 5066: 4981: 4917: 4854: 4699: 4599: 4145: 3968: 3888: 3853: 3767: 3662: 3593: 3548: 3492: 3397: 3324: 3116:American primitive guitar 3108: 3011: 3002: 2993: 2986:Folk and indigenous music 2488:"Official Site of MSOTFA" 1771:Augusta Heritage Festival 1766:offers a program also. 1764:Morehead State University 1586:Charleston, West Virginia 1482:Jackson County, Tennessee 1339:central-western provinces 1308: 1034:Asheville, North Carolina 1011:area on October 19, 1925. 1009:Asheville, North Carolina 859:A Scottish fiddler named 799:, "Big Eyed Rabbit" from 188: 183: 165: 154: 145:North American folk music 140: 128: 123: 4182:Bosnian and Herzegovinan 1986:Country music in Atlanta 1853: 1839:Florida State University 1823:Berklee College of Music 1588:(established 1977), the 1564:(established 1953), the 1556:(established 1950), the 1554:Glenville, West Virginia 1548:(established 1935), the 1542:Old Fiddler's Convention 1455:Carolina Chocolate Drops 1388:Carolina Chocolate Drops 1333:, the old-time music of 871:being most influential. 5244:List of bluegrass bands 2874:"Music and Dance Camps" 2693:"Dulcimer Players News" 2657:(subscription required) 2364:Thepost.baker.ohiou.edu 2119:Georgiaencyclopedia.org 1976:Music of East Tennessee 1753:Johnson City, Tennessee 1616:(established in 1972). 1578:Murfreesboro, Tennessee 1478:Murfreesboro, Tennessee 1472:, Chester McMillian of 1382:, Glade City Rounders, 373:The early 19th century 327:When some of its early 5564:International variants 5165:Sub- and fusion genres 4919:African-American music 3704:by ethnocultural group 3012:By subject or function 2808:http://dla.acaweb.org/ 2789:Smithvillejamboree.com 2336:10.5406/j.ctt1vjqrn7.5 2146:. Arcadia Publishing. 1522:List of folk festivals 1494:Chattanooga, Tennessee 1490:Talcott, West Virginia 1380:Old Crow Medicine Show 1365:Contemporary musicians 1139:Northern Paiute people 982: 948:(the Hammons Family), 775: 730:(Southern states) and 425:New Lost City Ramblers 5172:Traditional bluegrass 3908:Indigenous Australian 2860:Handmade Music School 2820:"Swannanoa Gathering" 2269:Folkways-media.si.edu 2225:Folkways-media.si.edu 1933:Cold Mountain (2003), 1848:Hutong Yellow Weasels 1844:the Randy Abel Stable 1775:Warren Wilson College 1614:Smithville, Tennessee 1574:Uncle Dave Macon Days 1508:, and Harold Luce of 1437:, Clifton Hicks, and 1030:Bascom Lamar Lunsford 981: 966:Fiddlin' Arthur Smith 964:, Thomas Maupin, and 774: 521:Clarence "Tom" Ashley 517:Newport Folk Festival 503:John Cohen (musician) 479:Mississippi John Hurt 309:Native American music 5607:Country music genres 3751:Cape Breton fiddling 2904:Smithsonian Folkways 2760:"Wvfolkfestival.org" 2492:Missourifiddling.com 2393:Fiddlingaround.co.uk 2083:– via YouTube. 1912:Sprout Wings and Fly 1779:Mars Hill University 1596:(established 1990), 1572:(established 1972), 1540:(established 2005), 1504:, Delmer Holland of 1502:Monticello, Kentucky 1125:musicians including 1102:Several distinctive 853:Shelton Laurel, N.C. 835:and old-time music. 645:Appalachian dulcimer 547:. Historically, the 356:Fiddlin' John Carson 229:acoustic instruments 43:improve this article 5602:Appalachian culture 5597:American folk music 5281:Bluegrass Unlimited 5067:Typical instruments 4848:American folk music 4316:Starogradska muzika 4282:Starogradska muzika 4221:Starogradska muzika 4209:Starogradska muzika 4192:Starogradska muzika 2721:Rhiannongiddens.com 2652:Albuquerque Journal 2584:. State Symbols USA 2582:Statesymbolsusa.org 1898:Montpelier, Vermont 1894:New England Fiddles 1860:Appalachian Journey 1372:The Freight Hoppers 910:The Skillet Lickers 880:Joel Walker Sweeney 16:Genre of folk music 5405:Family instruments 5232:Notable performers 4601:Middle Eastern and 3241:Medieval folk rock 2878:The Ashokan Center 2071:Vox (2022-10-21). 1940:The Mountain Minor 1797:Outside Appalachia 1602:Lebanon, Tennessee 1598:Breakin' Up Winter 1582:Vandalia Gathering 1506:Waverly, Tennessee 1492:, Curtis Hicks of 1484:, Rob Morrison of 1384:Foghorn Stringband 1319:Cape Breton Island 1240:Texas and the West 983: 944:and Albert Hash), 920:(specifically the 776: 740:Cape Breton Island 545:string instruments 405:Appalachian region 273:traditional musics 241:string instruments 227:. It is played on 5579: 5578: 5488:Traditional Irish 5323: 5322: 5186:Notable festivals 5134:Stylistic origins 5026: 5025: 4814: 4813: 4695: 4694: 4490:Gaelic folk music 3935:Papua New Guinean 3763: 3762: 3658: 3657: 3320: 3319: 3278:New Weird America 2824:Swangathering.com 2389:"Old Time Fiddle" 2345:978-0-252-09990-8 2212:Richard Rinzler. 2180:978-0-19-009120-0 2153:978-1-4556-2402-7 1807:Chicago, Illinois 1488:, Jimmy Costa of 1290:company in 1929. 1212:hammered dulcimer 1143:Cherokee language 1116:Athabaskan fiddle 1090:of the Louisiana 1005:Gordon Collection 998: 989:The Old Grey Mare 797:Matokie Slaughter 791: 782:"Big Eyed Rabbit" 764:Appalachian music 641:hammered dulcimer 352:recording artists 334:became hits, the 305:traditional music 291:can be traced to 243:, most often the 237:old time fiddling 195: 194: 149:Appalachian music 141:Stylistic origins 119: 118: 111: 93: 5624: 5519:Rhiannon Giddens 5453:African-American 5350: 5343: 5336: 5327: 5326: 5053: 5046: 5039: 5030: 5029: 4841: 4834: 4827: 4818: 4817: 4806:History of music 4774:Progressive rock 3945:Solomon Islander 3903:White Australian 3550:African-American 3546: 3545: 3399:Indigenous North 3395: 3394: 3333: 3332: 3287:Progressive folk 3268:Psychedelic folk 3009: 3008: 2987: 2978: 2971: 2964: 2955: 2954: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2911: 2906:. September 2019 2888: 2882: 2881: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2816: 2810: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2795: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2762:. Archived from 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2746: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2703: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2679: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2636: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2591: 2589: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2548: 2539:. Archived from 2533: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2498: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2463:"Walker Calhoun" 2459: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2434: 2428: 2421: 2412: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2399: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2375: 2366:. Archived from 2356: 2350: 2349: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2266: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2222: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2164: 2158: 2157: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2068: 2062: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2028: 2022: 2015: 2009: 2002: 1831:Brown University 1657: 1648: 1639: 1630: 1606:Winfield, Kansas 1510:Chelsea, Vermont 1470:Alcoa, Tennessee 1459:Rhiannon Giddens 1000: 999: 980: 958:Uncle Dave Macon 954:Middle Tennessee 950:Eastern Kentucky 793: 792: 773: 657:lap-steel guitar 625:resonator guitar 577:Uncle Dave Macon 531:Arhoolie Records 513:Vanguard Records 491:Stanley Brothers 447:Folkways Records 166:Derivative forms 155:Cultural origins 133: 121: 120: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 58:"Old-time music" 51: 27: 19: 5634: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5621: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5575: 5559: 5528: 5492: 5441: 5400: 5359: 5354: 5324: 5319: 5297: 5253: 5227: 5181: 5177:Czech bluegrass 5160: 5129: 5062: 5060:Bluegrass music 5057: 5027: 5022: 4977: 4913: 4889:Native American 4850: 4845: 4815: 4810: 4701: 4691: 4670:Anatolian blues 4602: 4595: 4338:Anatolian blues 4141: 4069:Kamrupi Lokgeet 3964: 3920:Easter Islander 3884: 3849: 3759: 3672:Canadian fiddle 3654: 3589: 3544: 3488: 3400: 3393: 3375:Tierra Caliente 3345:Central America 3327: 3316: 3231:Industrial folk 3104: 3041:Christmas carol 3004: 2998: 2989: 2985: 2982: 2948:Honkingduck.com 2924: 2919: 2918: 2909: 2907: 2900:folkways.si.edu 2890: 2889: 2885: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2806: 2802: 2793: 2791: 2783: 2782: 2778: 2769: 2767: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2744: 2742: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2701: 2699: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2677: 2675: 2673:Indypendent.org 2667: 2666: 2662: 2656: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2587: 2585: 2574: 2570: 2559: 2555: 2546: 2544: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2496: 2494: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2471: 2469: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2446: 2444: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2422: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2397: 2395: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2373: 2371: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2346: 2324: 2320: 2310: 2308: 2298: 2294: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2248:Folkways.si.edu 2236: 2232: 2220: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2165: 2161: 2154: 2138: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2111: 2107: 2100:Mikeseeger.info 2092: 2088: 2079: 2077: 2069: 2065: 2056: 2052: 2042: 2040: 2029: 2025: 2016: 2012: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1966:Bluegrass music 1957: 1856: 1809:began in 1957. 1799: 1791:Floyd, Virginia 1745: 1728: 1678:bluegrass music 1665: 1658: 1649: 1640: 1631: 1546:Galax, Virginia 1530: 1524: 1518: 1498:Clyde Davenport 1451:Stephen Seifert 1447:David Schnaufer 1443:Galax, Virginia 1433:, Dirk Powell, 1374:, The Wilders, 1367: 1359:Atlantic Canada 1323:French Canadian 1311: 1276:Native American 1242: 1199: 1189:in addition to 1171:William Schuman 1151: 1131:Qualla Boundary 1123:Native American 1104:Native American 1100: 1098:Native American 1076:Ozark Mountains 1026: 1025: 1017: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1001: 994: 991: 984: 978: 822: 821: 813: 811: 810: 809: 808: 794: 787: 784: 777: 771: 766: 760: 748: 746:Regional styles 738:, particularly 598:bluegrass music 540: 538:Instrumentation 525:Maybelle Carter 459:Clarence Ashley 413: 371: 344:religious music 301: 269: 160:Native American 136: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5632: 5631: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5592:Old-time music 5577: 5576: 5574: 5573: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5536: 5534: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5427:Mandolin-banjo 5424: 5419: 5414: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5353: 5352: 5345: 5338: 5330: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5310: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5235: 5233: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5189: 5187: 5183: 5182: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5168: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5158: 5156:Old-time music 5153: 5148: 5143: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5063: 5056: 5055: 5048: 5041: 5033: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4999: 4998: 4987: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4929: 4923: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4878: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4844: 4843: 4836: 4829: 4821: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4769:Outlaw country 4766: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4714:Acoustic music 4711: 4705: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4675:Anatolian rock 4672: 4662: 4657: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4640: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4605: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4593: 4588: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4498: 4497: 4492: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4403: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4363: 4362: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4343:Anatolian rock 4340: 4330: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4303: 4302: 4301: 4291: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4279: 4269: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4252: 4247: 4246: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4179: 4178: 4177: 4162: 4157: 4151: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4138: 4137: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4111: 4110: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4088: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4039: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3974: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3894: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3882: 3881: 3880: 3870: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3855:South American 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3821:Chutney parang 3813: 3803: 3802: 3801: 3791: 3790: 3789: 3779: 3773: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3726: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3674: 3668: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3599: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3560: 3554: 3552: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3498: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3405: 3403: 3392: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3384: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3341: 3339: 3330: 3322: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3246:Medieval metal 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3209: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3187: 3186: 3185: 3183:Medieval metal 3175: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3144: 3143: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3015: 3013: 3006: 3000: 2999: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2981: 2980: 2973: 2966: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2922:External links 2920: 2917: 2916: 2883: 2865: 2847: 2829: 2811: 2800: 2776: 2751: 2726: 2708: 2684: 2660: 2631: 2622: 2610: 2598: 2568: 2553: 2528: 2503: 2479: 2454: 2442:Mustrad.org.uk 2429: 2413: 2404: 2380: 2351: 2344: 2318: 2292: 2274: 2253: 2230: 2204: 2195: 2186: 2179: 2159: 2152: 2132: 2105: 2094:Seeger, Mike. 2086: 2063: 2050: 2023: 2010: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1936: 1930: 1922: 1909: 1901: 1891: 1877: 1871: 1855: 1852: 1816:Ashokan Center 1811:Pinewoods Camp 1798: 1795: 1744: 1741: 1727: 1724: 1689:contra dancing 1685:square dancing 1664: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1652: 1650: 1643: 1641: 1634: 1632: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1520:Main article: 1517: 1514: 1439:Martha Scanlan 1415:Rafe Stefanini 1366: 1363: 1317:(particularly 1310: 1307: 1241: 1238: 1226:old-time music 1198: 1195: 1150: 1147: 1127:Walker Calhoun 1099: 1096: 1054:States of the 1049:North Carolina 1016: 1002: 992: 987: 986: 985: 976: 975: 974: 970:East Tennessee 962:McGee Brothers 930:Grayson County 918:North Carolina 812: 805:County Records 795: 785: 780: 779: 778: 769: 768: 767: 762:Main article: 759: 756: 747: 744: 728:square dancing 720:contra dancing 585:Snuffy Jenkins 539: 536: 475:Roscoe Holcomb 412: 409: 384:Stephen Foster 370: 367: 300: 297: 268: 265: 239:) and plucked 213:square dancing 202:North American 200:is a genre of 198:Old-time music 193: 192: 186: 185: 181: 180: 167: 163: 162: 156: 152: 151: 142: 138: 137: 134: 126: 125: 124:Old-time music 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5630: 5629: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5533:Manufacturers 5531: 5525: 5524:Emily Strayer 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5422:Banjo ukulele 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5403: 5397: 5396:Scruggs style 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5351: 5346: 5344: 5339: 5337: 5332: 5331: 5328: 5316: 5315: 5311: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5303: 5300: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5230: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5184: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5146:Country music 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5132: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5111: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5054: 5049: 5047: 5042: 5040: 5035: 5034: 5031: 5019: 5018:Western swing 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4992: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4983:Country music 4980: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4860: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4842: 4837: 4835: 4830: 4828: 4823: 4822: 4819: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4789:Roots revival 4787: 4785: 4784:Record labels 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4698: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4653:Mizrahi music 4651: 4649: 4646: 4645: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4603:North African 4598: 4592: 4589: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4404: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4382:Celtic fusion 4380: 4379: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4307: 4304: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4066: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4035:Zhongguo feng 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3995:Central Asian 3993: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3915:Cook Islander 3913: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3878:Gaita zuliana 3876: 3875: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3852: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3747: 3744: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3734:Quebec fiddle 3732: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3650:Western swing 3648: 3646: 3645:Southern soul 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 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2564: 2557: 2543:on 2009-08-22 2542: 2538: 2532: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2468: 2464: 2458: 2443: 2439: 2433: 2426: 2420: 2418: 2408: 2394: 2390: 2384: 2370:on 2004-11-17 2369: 2365: 2361: 2355: 2347: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2322: 2307: 2303: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2278: 2270: 2263: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2243: 2234: 2226: 2219: 2217: 2208: 2199: 2190: 2182: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2163: 2155: 2149: 2145: 2144: 2136: 2120: 2116: 2109: 2101: 2097: 2090: 2076: 2075: 2067: 2060: 2054: 2038: 2034: 2027: 2021:2021, 2nd ed. 2020: 2014: 2007: 2001: 1997: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1923: 1921: 1920:0-933621-01-9 1917: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1888:0-933621-61-2 1885: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1794: 1792: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1754: 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1140: 1136: 1133:(home to the 1132: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1108:First Nations 1105: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1038:Stanley Hicks 1035: 1031: 1024: 1022: 1010: 1006: 990: 973: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 946:West Virginia 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 926:Tommy Jarrell 923: 919: 915: 911: 906: 904: 903:Aaron Copland 900: 896: 892: 891:country music 887: 885: 881: 877: 872: 870: 866: 862: 857: 854: 850: 846: 845:Child Ballads 841: 836: 834: 833:country music 830: 826: 820: 818: 806: 802: 798: 783: 765: 755: 753: 752:Soldier's Joy 743: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 712: 710: 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 601: 599: 594: 590: 589:Scruggs style 586: 582: 578: 573: 570: 566: 561: 556: 554: 550: 546: 535: 532: 528: 526: 523:, Doc Boggs, 522: 518: 514: 510: 508: 507:Ralph Rinzler 504: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 451:Jean Carignan 448: 444: 442: 441:Tracy Schwarz 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 408: 406: 401: 397: 393: 389: 388:Tin Pan Alley 385: 380: 376: 375:Minstrel Show 369:Other sources 366: 364: 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 330: 329:country music 325: 323: 317: 314: 310: 306: 296: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 277:British Isles 274: 264: 262: 261:country music 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 203: 199: 191: 187: 182: 179: 175: 171: 168: 164: 161: 157: 153: 150: 146: 143: 139: 132: 127: 122: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: – 59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 5617:Square dance 5509:Earl Scruggs 5482: 5417:Banjo guitar 5312: 5305: 5279: 5155: 4883:Folk revival 4863: 4762:Laws numbers 4660:Pontic Greek 4527:Pontic Greek 4448:Morris dance 4387:Celtic metal 4311:Balkan brass 4057:Manila sound 3826:Chutney soca 3630:Country rock 3620:Country folk 3514:Folk revival 3506: 3370:Son huasteco 3207:Celtic metal 3178:Celtic metal 3153:Folk baroque 3131:Country folk 3085:Sea shanties 3073:Protest song 2908:. 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While the 1053: 1046: 1027: 1018: 907: 899:Henry Cowell 888: 873: 858: 848: 837: 823: 814: 807:) (c. 1960s) 800: 749: 732:step dancing 713: 709:fiddlesticks 705: 687:, button or 653:tenor guitar 617:washtub bass 602: 593:Earl Scruggs 574: 557: 553:dance caller 541: 529: 511: 499: 471:Jesse Fuller 445: 414: 379:rhythm bones 372: 360: 326: 318: 302: 270: 225:buck dancing 217:contra dance 197: 196: 184:Other topics 178:Cajun fiddle 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 5555:Slingerland 5514:Pete Seeger 5437:Banjeaurine 5391:Keith style 5096:Double bass 4885:(1950s–60s) 4859:Appalachian 4794:World music 4779:Pub session 4752:Roud number 4747:Collections 4739:Instruments 4621:Azerbaijani 4397:Celtic rock 4392:Celtic punk 4267:Montenegrin 3978:Bangladeshi 3930:Marshallese 3625:Country pop 3516:(1950s–60s) 3502:Appalachian 3365:Son jarocho 3302:Tamang Selo 3221:Folktronica 3212:Celtic punk 3202:Celtic rock 3195:Celtic punk 3058:Dance music 2287:Discogs.com 2037:Olyarts.org 1905:Songcatcher 1751:Located in 1720:strathspeys 1463:Dom Flemons 1315:Nova Scotia 1284:H. C. 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