119:
93:
577:, reinforced the border region with troops and requested to be allowed to give no quarter to any Mexican raiders who attacked the United States in the future. General Funston's request was denied and the raids came to an end when Washington recognized the Mexican government under Carranza. Wishing to maintain good relations with the United States, Carranza ordered the Sedicioso commanders to cease their raiding activities. Without support from the Mexican federal government the Plan of San Diego movement fell apart and there were no further Mexican invasions of the United States until the
536:
with pistols. Sergeant
Schaeffer was killed and command devolved to Sergeant First Class Herbert Reeves Smith who by that time had been wounded three times. In addition to attacking the garrison, the raiders robbed the post office and attacked the home of the Dillard family, setting their house on fire and stealing their livestock.
518:
in various posts along the Texas border. One of these posts was at the village of Ojo de Agua which had been raided on
September 3, 1915 and was the planned target of a Sedicioso raid in October 1916. The American base at Ojo de Agua under the command of Sergeant Ernest Schaeffer consisted of a radio
502:
had 20,000 troops to pit against the few hundred
Sedicioso insurgents. Nonetheless, the Mexicans never raided in force and the long border was difficult for Funston to fully protect. The Sedicioso raids became such a threat to the Americans in the Big Bend area that local vigilante groups were formed
565:
By the end of the raid one civilian and three U.S. soldiers, including commanding officer
Sergeant Schaffer, had been killed and eight wounded. The Sediciosos lost five men dead and at least nine others wounded, two of whom later died. A Japanese man and two Carrancista soldiers were found among the
556:
some 8 miles (13 km) from Ojo de Agua was dispatched, as was a small group of twelve recruits under
Captain W. J. Scott. Scott's outfit was only 2 miles (3.2 km) from the fighting and arrived at the scene well before McCoy. They immediately attacked from the west of the raiders' positions,
535:
After crossing the Rio Grande and arriving at Ojo de Agua at approximately 1 am, the
Mexican raiders attacked the village's garrison. The U.S. soldiers who had been sleeping in a wooden building stubbornly resisted. The soldiers were heavily outgunned, though, as the signalmen were armed only
477:
station at Ojo de Agua. The small group of
American defenders was cornered into a single building and suffered heavy casualties before reinforcements arrived driving the Seditionist force back into Mexico. The raid proved to be the tipping point in the American conflict with the Sediciosos, as its
198:
539:
Although the U.S. troops at Ojo de Agua were unable to call for reinforcements because their wireless station had been disabled, U.S. detachments in the vicinity heard gunfire and two groups of
American cavalry set out to investigate. A
191:
184:
566:
dead which was seen as evidence that the
Carrancistas had been supporting the Plan of San Diego. The U.S. soldiers were commended for their bravery during the raid, and Sergeant Smith was awarded a
915:
494:, a group of raiders known as the Sediciosos attacked American military and commercial interests along the United States–Mexican border in an effort to provoke a race war in the
306:
910:
321:
478:
severity convinced
American officials to send large numbers of American troops to the area in order to deter any further serious border raids by the Mexican force.
311:
291:
326:
657:
208:
123:
111:
107:
428:
247:
503:
in order to repel the Mexican raiders as Funston did not have enough troops to ensure the safety of the American citizens living in the area.
567:
527:. The post at Ojo de Agua was lightly defended and seemed to be little match for the 25 to 100 raiders that planned to raid the village.
905:
573:
The Sedicioso raid on Ojo de Agua impacted American military strategy in the area. The commanding U.S. general in the region, General
754:
766:
Investigation of Mexican Affairs. Hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate
545:
520:
242:
413:
861:
661:
254:
851:
810:
733:
515:
408:
266:
524:
474:
470:
152:
473:
and disrupting the local economy. After moving across the border, the Sediciosos began an assault against the
940:
261:
925:
900:
780:
498:
with aims of returning the area to Mexican control. Charged with guarding the border, American General
495:
358:
557:
driving them off. McCoy's force arrived just as the Mexicans withdrew and saw little or no fighting.
301:
398:
286:
930:
920:
403:
393:
296:
935:
845:
383:
331:
176:
276:
8:
491:
373:
368:
789:
764:
363:
348:
774:
744:
541:
454:
388:
343:
336:
222:
36:
806:
800:
750:
729:
574:
499:
487:
462:
234:
549:
507:
378:
353:
316:
127:
469:
into Texas on October 21, 1915 aimed at harassing the American outposts along the
821:
723:
486:
Throughout 1915 Mexican insurgents raided the Texas border region as part of the
553:
229:
894:
876:
863:
746:
The Texas Rangers and the Mexican Revolution: The Bloodiest Decade, 1910–1920
118:
92:
794:. The Internet Archive. Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company.
450:
418:
85:
60:
466:
271:
32:
769:. The Internet Archive. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1919.
749:. The Internet Archive. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
578:
725:
The War of 1898, and U.S. Interventions, 1898–1934: An Encyclopedia
820:
Kilburn, Charles S. (May–June 1938). Salisbury, Nathan F. (ed.).
511:
144:
447:
206:
916:
Battles of the Mexican Revolution involving the United States
458:
519:
station manned by approximately ten men from Troop G,
742:
911:20th-century military history of the United States
446:was the last notable military engagement between
892:
728:. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc.
832:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Armor School: 239
652:
650:
791:A Brief History of the Lower Rio Grande Valley
429:German interventions in the Mexican Revolution
248:German interventions in the Mexican Revolution
16:1915 military engagement at Ojo de Aqua, Texas
192:
743:Harris, Charles H.; Louis R. Sadler (2007).
647:
640:
638:
210:U.S. involvement in the Mexican Revolution
199:
185:
691:Investigation of Mexican Affairs, p. 1247
623:Investigation of Mexican Affairs, p. 1246
510:, the United States deployed a number of
465:, the rebels launched a raid across the
819:
798:
635:
570:for his actions during the engagement.
893:
787:
721:
180:
805:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
13:
14:
952:
906:Battles of the Mexican Revolution
799:Johnson, Benjamin Heber (2003).
660:. Military Times. Archived from
457:. It took place at Ojo de Agua,
117:
91:
703:
694:
525:United States Army Signal Corps
475:United States Army Signal Corps
788:Pierce, Frank Cushman (1917).
685:
676:
626:
617:
608:
599:
590:
1:
850:: CS1 maint: date and year (
715:
481:
632:US Army Armor School, p. 239
560:
7:
722:Beede, Benjamin R. (1994).
568:Distinguished Service Cross
490:. Supported by the Mexican
10:
957:
496:Southwestern United States
218:
158:
137:
101:
79:
42:
30:
25:
584:
506:In order to protect the
530:
523:, and eight men of the
779:: CS1 maint: others (
658:"Herbert Reeves Smith"
102:Commanders and leaders
822:"Raid on Ojo de Agua"
581:raids began in 1916.
159:Casualties and losses
71:United States victory
941:October 1915 events
877:26.1978°N 98.4102°W
873: /
826:The Cavalry Journal
802:Revolution in Texas
492:Carranza government
455:United States Army
297:Mexican Expedition
223:Mexican Revolution
37:Mexican Revolution
926:American frontier
901:Conflicts in 1915
882:26.1978; -98.4102
756:978-0-8263-3484-8
575:Frederick Funston
500:Frederick Funston
488:Plan of San Diego
463:Plan of San Diego
461:. As part of the
437:
436:
409:3rd Ciudad Juárez
374:Zimmermann affair
267:1st Ciudad Juarez
175:
174:
75:
74:
948:
888:
887:
885:
884:
883:
878:
874:
871:
870:
869:
866:
855:
849:
841:
839:
837:
816:
795:
784:
778:
770:
760:
739:
710:
707:
701:
698:
692:
689:
683:
680:
674:
673:
671:
669:
664:on June 12, 2012
654:
645:
642:
633:
630:
624:
621:
615:
612:
606:
603:
597:
594:
550:Frank Ross McCoy
444:Ojo de Agua Raid
213:
211:
201:
194:
187:
178:
177:
132:
124:Ernest Schaeffer
122:
121:
112:Luis de la Rosca
96:
95:
50:October 21, 1915
44:
43:
26:Ojo de Agua Raid
23:
22:
956:
955:
951:
950:
949:
947:
946:
945:
891:
890:
881:
879:
875:
872:
867:
864:
862:
860:
859:
843:
842:
835:
833:
813:
772:
771:
763:
757:
736:
718:
713:
708:
704:
699:
695:
690:
686:
682:Johnson, p. 105
681:
677:
667:
665:
656:
655:
648:
643:
636:
631:
627:
622:
618:
613:
609:
605:Johnson, p. 127
604:
600:
595:
591:
587:
563:
533:
508:Big Bend region
484:
440:
439:
438:
433:
322:Puerto de Varas
262:1st Agua Prieta
214:
209:
207:
205:
170:
165:
150:
128:
116:
110:
90:
63:
17:
12:
11:
5:
954:
944:
943:
938:
933:
931:Military raids
928:
923:
921:1915 in Mexico
918:
913:
908:
903:
857:
856:
817:
811:
796:
785:
761:
755:
740:
734:
717:
714:
712:
711:
709:Harris, p. 295
702:
700:Harris, p. 293
693:
684:
675:
646:
634:
625:
616:
607:
598:
588:
586:
583:
562:
559:
554:Mission, Texas
548:under Captain
532:
529:
483:
480:
471:Mexican border
435:
434:
432:
431:
422:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
364:Las Varas Pass
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
340:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
258:
257:
251:
250:
245:
240:
232:
230:Tampico Affair
226:
225:
219:
216:
215:
204:
203:
196:
189:
181:
173:
172:
167:
161:
160:
156:
155:
147:
140:
139:
135:
134:
114:
108:Aniceto Pizana
104:
103:
99:
98:
88:
82:
81:
77:
76:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
58:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
953:
942:
939:
937:
936:1915 in Texas
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
896:
889:
886:
853:
847:
831:
827:
823:
818:
814:
812:0-300-10970-9
808:
804:
803:
797:
793:
792:
786:
782:
776:
768:
767:
762:
758:
752:
748:
747:
741:
737:
735:0-8240-5624-8
731:
727:
726:
720:
719:
706:
697:
688:
679:
663:
659:
653:
651:
644:Pierce, p. 97
641:
639:
629:
620:
614:Pierce, p. 93
611:
602:
596:Beede, p. 431
593:
589:
582:
580:
576:
571:
569:
558:
555:
551:
547:
543:
537:
528:
526:
522:
517:
513:
509:
504:
501:
497:
493:
489:
479:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:
445:
430:
427:
426:
425:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
389:Neville Ranch
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
338:
335:
333:
332:Glenn Springs
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
237:
233:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
212:
202:
197:
195:
190:
188:
183:
182:
179:
168:
163:
162:
157:
154:
148:
146:
142:
141:
136:
133:
131:
125:
120:
115:
113:
109:
106:
105:
100:
97:United States
94:
89:
87:
84:
83:
78:
70:
67:
66:
62:
59:Ojo de Agua,
57:
54:
53:
49:
46:
45:
41:
38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
858:
846:cite journal
836:December 12,
834:. Retrieved
829:
825:
801:
790:
765:
745:
724:
705:
696:
687:
678:
668:December 11,
666:. Retrieved
662:the original
628:
619:
610:
601:
592:
572:
564:
538:
534:
505:
485:
443:
441:
423:
312:Aguacaliente
292:Santa Isabel
281:
277:Norias Ranch
235:
129:
80:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
880: /
546:3rd Cavalry
521:3rd Cavalry
404:3rd Nogales
394:2nd Pilares
384:1st Pilares
379:Brite Ranch
369:San Ygnacio
354:Rubio Ranch
349:Ojos Azules
287:2nd Nogales
282:Ojo de Agua
895:Categories
868:98°24′37″W
865:26°11′52″N
716:References
482:Background
467:Rio Grande
451:Sediciosos
414:Candelaria
307:San Isidro
272:Bandit War
255:Border War
166:~9 wounded
149:22 cavalry
86:Sediciosos
33:Bandit War
775:cite book
579:Villistas
561:Aftermath
544:from the
516:signalmen
424:see also
359:Castillon
171:8 wounded
453:and the
399:Porvenir
344:Guerrero
337:Carrizal
327:Tomóchic
302:Columbus
243:Veracruz
238:incident
236:Ypiranga
169:4 killed
164:7 killed
153:infantry
138:Strength
55:Location
542:company
512:cavalry
448:Mexican
145:cavalry
143:25–100
130:†
809:
753:
732:
317:Parral
126:
68:Result
585:Notes
459:Texas
61:Texas
852:link
838:2010
807:ISBN
781:link
751:ISBN
730:ISBN
670:2010
531:Raid
514:and
442:The
419:Ruby
47:Date
552:at
897::
848:}}
844:{{
830:47
828:.
824:.
777:}}
773:{{
649:^
637:^
151:8
35:,
854:)
840:.
815:.
783:)
759:.
738:.
672:.
200:e
193:t
186:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
