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120: m/d) (Mbbl/d) in 1980, 10.6 Mbbl/d in 2006, and in the region of 9.2 Mbbl/d in 2008. Saudi Arabia maintains the world's largest crude oil production capacity, estimated to be approx. 11 Mbbl/d at mid-year 2008 and announced plans to increase this capacity to 12.5 Mbbl/d by 2009. Cumulative production through the end of 2009 was 119.4 billion bbl. Using the stated number of 267 Gbbl, past production amounts to 40% of the stated remaining proved reserves. By the end of 2016, Saudi Arabia cumulative oil production reached 143.97 bbl.
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been due to soaring crude oil prices that made
Venezuela's normally uneconomical heavier crude suddenly market-viable to produce, and thus elevating it to within Venezuela's "proven" reserves. Consequently, Rapier contends, periods of lower crude oil market prices may remove those reserves from the "proven" category—placing Venezuela's viable "proven reserves" well below Saudi Arabia's.
189:, had warned that reports at a regional oil conference that Saudi Aramco's reserves stood at 716 billion barrels was in error because it combined unproven potential resources with proven reserves. This misunderstanding was inflating the Saudi Aramco proven reserves estimate by approximately 40% (300 billion barrels).
222:
years. DeGolyer and MacNaughton personnel (more than 60 geophysicists, petrophysicists, geologists, simulation engineers, reserves engineering specialists, and economists) built the detailed independent evaluation using the extensive raw database from each of the wells and reservoirs in the evaluated
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By comparison, Rapier contends, the higher-quality crude generally associated with Saudi oil fields is cost-effective to produce under most market-price conditions, and thus is more consistently, and uniformly, part of Saudi Arabia's "proven" reserves, compared to the more variable usefulness of the
208:. The results of this effort indicate that the proved reserves in the Kingdom are likely proximal to, and even somewhat larger than, previous official estimates. H.E. Khalid Al-Falih outlined the extensive effort in his remarks, stating that the process began in August 2016 and continued for almost
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asked the Saudis to raise production on a visit to Saudi Arabia in
January 2008 and they declined, Bush questioned whether they had the ability to raise production any more. In the summer of 2008, Saudi Arabia announced an increase in planned production of 500,000 barrels per day. However, in 2008,
79:
to 297 Gbbl in
January 2011. The Saudi reserves are about one-fifth of the world's total conventional oil reserves. A large fraction of these reserves comes from a small number of very large oil fields, and past production amounts to 40% of the stated reserves. Other sources state that Saudi Arabia
166:
and concluded that Saudi Arabia's oil production faced near term decline, and that it would not be able to consistently produce more than 2004 levels, when production of crude oil and lease condensate averaged 9.10 million barrels per day. Simmons also argued that the Saudis may have irretrievably
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According to Rapier, Venezuela's oil reserves are largely of "extra-heavy crude oil" which might "not be economical to produce" under certain market conditions. Rapier notes that the near-quadrupling of
Venezuela's claimed "proven" reserves, between 2005 and 2014—from 80 Gbbl to 300 Gbbl—may have
145:
Historically, at least since 1982, Saudi Arabia has maintained reserves data and related technical information as a well-guarded secret. This has made independent verification of the
Kingdom's reserves and resources virtually impossible, leaving various commentators and the world at-large to rely
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Since his prediction, Saudi crude oil production has varied from as low as 8.25 million barrels per day (average for 2009) up to 9.83 million barrels per day (average for 2012). Overall, in the nine years since his 2004 prediction (2005-2013), Saudi crude oil and lease condensate production has
246:
While
Venezuela has reported "proven reserves" topping those reported by Saudi Arabia, industry analyst Robert Rapier has suggested that these numbers reflect variables driven by changes in crude oil market prices—indicating that the percentage of Venezuela's oil that qualifies as Venezuela's
227:
that “Whether they have 260 or 266 billion barrels isn't really the issue,” she said. “The point is that they had DeGolyer and MacNaughton, which is a very respected source, do an audit…I think it's designed to put to rest the controversy that's always plagued them since the publication of
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damaged their large oil fields by over-pumping salt water into the fields in an effort to maintain the fields' pressure and boost short-term oil extraction. He concluded (in 2004): "In 2-3 years we will have conclusive evidence that Saudi oil is peaking,"
223:
reservoirs, applying their own techniques and methodologies to reach the resulting independent estimate of proved reserves. Reaction in the press to the independent evaluation was notable. For example, Ellen Wald, global energy policy analyst, told
136:
said that Saudi Arabia produced 12 million barrels per day in March that year, which was the highest figure based on records since the early 1980s. The previous peak was in August 2013 at 10.2 million barrels per day.
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oil company—may have changed that somewhat. The independent outside auditor reported that it had determined Saudi Arabia's proved oil reserves were at least 270 billion barrels, fairly consistent with Saudi claims.
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are reportedly the second largest in the world, estimated in 2017 to be 268 billion barrels (4.3Ă—10^10 m) (Gbbl hereafter), including 2.5 Gbbl in the
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52:. This would correspond to more than 50 years of production at current rates. In the oil industry, an oil barrel is defined as 42
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upon speculation and indirect indicators. However, a recent (2019) independent evaluation—to facilitate Saudi Arabia's effort at an
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of oil. When acting as such, the Saudi government would increase or decrease oil production to maintain a more stable price.
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1 US liquid gallon = 231 cubic inches and 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 42 of which is exactly 158.987294928 litres.
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estimated that remaining undiscovered oil reserves in Saudi Arabia had a probability-weighted average of 90 Gbbl.
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These skeptical viewpoints have been countered by events culminating in early 2019. In a press conference in
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247:"proven" reserves may be driven up or down by the global market price for crude oil.
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785:"WikiLeaks cables: Saudi Arabia cannot pump enough oil to keep a lid on prices"
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averaged 9.20 million barrels per day, just slightly higher than 2004 levels.
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Saudi Arabia has traditionally been regarded as the world's most important
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or would do so in the near future. In April 2015, the Saudi oil minister
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Reported proven reserves for Saudi Arabia (blue) and
Venezuela (red)
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185:, former executive vice president of Saudi Arabia's oil monopoly
71:. These reserves were apparently the largest in the world until
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703:"Saudi pumps up oil production to record high 10.3 million bpd"
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Saudi Arabia on
January 9, 2019, Saudi Arabia Energy Minister,
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620:"President Bush Questions Saudi Ability to Raise Oil Supply"
389:"Appendix B.8: Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically"
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some experts believed that Saudi oil production had already
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752:. Institute for the Analysis of Global Security. 2004-03-31
591:"Daily and Cumulative Crude Oil Production in OPEC Members"
566:"Daily and Cumulative Crude Oil Production in OPEC Members"
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Saudi Arabia production, consumption, and exports over time
773:, International Energy Statistics, Petroleum Production.
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had completed the first ever independent evaluation of
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analyzed 200 technical papers on Saudi reserves by the
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Saudi Arabia produced 10.3 million barrels per day (1.6
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World oil reserves before the increase from
Venezuela
547:. US Energy Intelligence Administration. August 2008
522:. U.S. Energy Information Administration. April 2008
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750:"New study raises doubts about Saudi oil reserves"
67:. The oil reserves are predominantly found in the
835:Map of oil and gas infrastructure in Saudi Arabia
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432:Venezuela: Oil reserves surpasses Saudi Arabia's
1007:
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730:"How Much Oil Does Saudi Arabia Really Have?"
99:Saudi Arabia crude oil production (1950–2012)
687:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1417:Council of Economic and Development Affairs
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354:History of the oil industry in Saudi Arabia
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886:List of countries by proven oil reserves
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646:"Saudi King: 'We will pump more oil'"
669:Report, Ken Farsalas, the Oberweis.
419:Oil and Finance: The Epic Corruption
399:from the original on 13 October 2007
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179:United States diplomatic cables leak
27:Oil reserves located in Saudi Arabia
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1204:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
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810:"Saudi oil reserves 'overstated'"
80:has about 297.7 billion barrels.
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570:OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin
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671:"No Speculation On Oil Reality"
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498:"No Speculation On Oil Reality"
206:proved reserves for the Kingdom
150:(IPO) of stock in the national
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783:John Vidal (9 February 2011).
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473:"Who will rule the oil market"
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164:Society of Petroleum Engineers
123:After the then U.S. president
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1361:Chairman of the General Staff
812:. Al Jazeera. 9 February 2011
618:Tverberg, Gail (2008-01-18).
541:"Saudi Arabia Oil Statistics"
393:Guide for the Use of SI units
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183:Dr. Sadad Ibrahim Al Husseini
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75:announced they had increased
771:Crude Oil + Lease Condensate
644:Penketh, Anne (2008-06-16).
516:"Petroleum (Oil) Production"
496:Farsalas, Ken (2008-07-29).
200:, officially announced that
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1432:History of the oil industry
1299:Mutaween (religious police)
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312:according to U.S. EIA, 2017
272:Oil and gas field locations
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1366:General Staff Presidency
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417:Learsy, Raymond (2011).
202:DeGolyer and MacNaughton
1806:Geology of Saudi Arabia
1801:Oil reserves by country
1351:Strategic Missile Force
622:. PRWeb. Archived from
545:Country Analysis Briefs
434:at english.ahram.org.eg
236:Comparison to Venezuela
148:initial public offering
739:retrieved May 27, 2020
454:US Geological Survey,
359:Energy in Saudi Arabia
230:Twilight in the Desert
181:in 2011 revealed that
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1199:Consultative Assembly
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77:their proven reserves
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971:United Arab Emirates
85:US Geological Survey
1459:Saudi Central Bank
1267:Freedom of religion
1048:Early Islamic State
732:February 14, 2019,
626:on January 20, 2008
332:Saudi Arabia portal
60:litres, or 35
18:Oil in Saudi Arabia
1474:Telecommunications
1257:Capital punishment
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1586:Prostitution
1559:universities
1532:Demographics
1427:Oil reserves
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1272:Human rights
1139:Governorates
1023:Saudi Arabia
966:Saudi Arabia
965:
871:Oil reserves
814:. Retrieved
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792:. Retrieved
789:The Guardian
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600:. OPEC. 2017
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141:Data quality
134:Ali Al-Naimi
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45:Saudi Arabia
41:oil reserves
39:
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1626:Visual arts
1566:Health care
1402:Agriculture
1346:Air Defense
1309:Visa policy
1134:Earthquakes
1083:Unification
38:The proven
1790:Categories
1651:television
1522:Censorship
1444:Irrigation
873:by country
816:9 February
794:9 February
756:2008-07-30
675:forbes.com
655:2008-07-24
630:2008-02-01
604:2022-02-25
576:2009-02-22
551:2008-08-15
526:2008-05-14
502:Forbes.com
482:2019-04-07
403:2022-02-25
365:References
240:See also:
91:Production
54:US gallons
1591:Terrorism
1554:libraries
1549:Education
1484:Transport
1407:Companies
1341:Air Force
1294:Judiciary
1262:Elections
1252:Basic Law
1149:Provinces
1144:Mountains
1107:Geography
981:Venezuela
904:Countries
73:Venezuela
1770:Category
1697:Heritage
1685:football
1668:Religion
1641:Language
1581:Polygamy
1517:Abortion
1323:Military
1304:Passport
1173:Politics
1159:Wildlife
1027:articles
769:US EIA,
683:cite web
397:Archived
395:. NIST.
318:See also
62:imperial
1754:Outline
1707:Symbols
1692:Theatre
1636:Cuisine
1613:Culture
1576:Obesity
1505:Society
1479:Tourism
1390:Economy
1194:Cabinet
1129:Climate
1119:Borders
1035:History
956:Nigeria
879:Listing
708:Reuters
458:, 2000.
259:Gallery
217:⁄
65:gallons
1775:Portal
1725:Emblem
1715:Anthem
1631:Cinema
1422:Energy
1025:
961:Russia
951:Mexico
941:Kuwait
921:France
911:Canada
735:Forbes
194:Riyadh
130:peaked
1761:Index
1735:Motto
1720:Dance
1680:Sport
1673:Islam
1658:Music
1646:Media
1537:youth
1527:Crime
1287:Women
1154:Wadis
946:Libya
926:Ghana
594:(PDF)
1730:Flag
1489:rail
1449:OPEC
1336:Navy
1331:Army
1282:Rape
1277:LGBT
1214:King
936:Iraq
931:Iran
916:Cuba
818:2011
796:2011
689:link
225:CNBC
1621:Art
1244:Law
232:.”
58:159
43:in
1792::
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