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Semi-Submersible platforms have pontoons and columns, typically two parallel spaced apart pontoons with buoyant columns upstanding from those pontoons to support a deck. Some of the semi-submersible vessels only have a single caisson, or column, usually denoted as a buoy while others utilize three or more columns extended upwardly from buoyant pontoons. For activities which require a stable offshore platform, the vessel is then ballasted down so that the pontoons are submerged, and only the buoyant columns pierce the water surface - thus giving the vessel a substantial buoyancy with a small water-plane area. The only concrete semi-submersible in existence is Troll B.
54:
termed as caisson type), where the loads bear down directly on the uppermost layers as soil pressure. The caisson provides buoyancy during construction and towing and acts also as a foundation structure in the operation phase. Furthermore, the caisson could be used as storage volume for oil or other liquids. Floating units may be held in position by anchored wires or chains in a spread mooring pattern. Because of the low stiffness in those systems, the natural frequency is low and the structure can move with all six degrees of freedom. Floating units serve as production units, storage and offloading units (FSO) or for crude oil or as terminals for
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2205:
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pre-stress densities as well as the use of normal density concrete lead to economical construction costs. Typical for the Arup CGS is the inclined installation technique. This technique helps to maximise economy and provide a robust offshore emplacement methodology. Further projects have been the
Malampaya project in the Philippines and the Wandoo Full Field Development on the North West Shelf of Western Australia.
192:(Compagnie General pour les Developments Operationelles des Richesses Sous-Marines) for a prestressed post-tensioned concrete "island" structure was adopted on cost and operational grounds. DORIS was general contractor responsible for the structural design: the concrete design was prepared and supervised on behalf of DORIS by Europe-Etudes. Further example for the C G DORIS designs are the Frigg platforms, the
126:. Their main mass is represented by the storage tank (ca. 100m diameter and 56m high, consisting of 19 cylindrical compartments with 20m diameter). Three of the cells are extended into shafts tapering off at the surface and carrying a steel deck. The tanks serve as storage of crude oil in the operation phase. During the installation these tanks have been used as ballast compartment. Among the largest
196:
and the
Schwedeneck platforms. The design typically consists of a large volume caisson based on the sea floor merging into a monolithic structure, which is offering the base for the deck. The single main leg is surrounded by an outer breaker wall perforated with so called Jarlan holes. This wall is
70:
Since the 1970s, several fixed concrete platform designs have been developed. Most of the designs have in common a base caisson (normally for storage of oil) and shafts penetrating the water surface to carry the topside. In the shafts normally utility systems for offloading, drilling, draw down and
53:
Depending on the circumstances, platforms may be attached to the ocean floor, consist of an artificial island, or be floating. Generally, offshore concrete structures are classified into fixed and floating structures. Fixed structures are mostly built as concrete gravity based structures (CGS, also
49:
Concrete offshore structures are mostly used in the petroleum industry as drilling, extraction or storage units for crude oil or natural gas. These large structures house machinery and equipment used to drill for, or extract, oil and gas. Concrete offshore structures are not limited to applications
61:
Concrete offshore structures are highly durable, constructed of low-maintenance material, suitable for harsh and/or arctic environment (like ice and seismic regions), can carry heavy topsides, may be designed to provide storage capacity, can be suitable for soft ground and are economical for water
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FPSO or FSO systems are typically barge/ship-shaped and store crude oil in tanks located in the hull of the vessel. Their turret structures are designed to anchor the vessel, allow “weathervaning” of the units to accommodate environmental conditions, permit the constant flow of oil and production
113:
in Norway. Condeep usually consists of a base of concrete oil storage tanks from which one, three or four concrete shafts rise. The original
Condeep always rests on the sea floor, and the shafts rise to about 30m above the sea level. The platform deck itself is not a part of the construction. The
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is a buoyant platform, which is held in place by a mooring system. TLP mooring is different to conventional chained or wire mooring systems. The platform is held in place with large steel tendons fastened to the sea floor. Those tendons are held in tension by the buoyancy of the hull. Statoil's
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systems (FPSOS) receive crude oil from deep-water wells and store it in their hull tanks until the crude is transferred into tank ships or transport barges. In addition to FPSO’s, there have been a number of ship-shaped
Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) systems (vessels with no production
191:
The first concrete gravity platform in the North Sea was a C G Doris platform, the
Ekofisk Tank, in Norwegian waters. The structure has a shape not unlike a marine sea island and is surrounded by a perforated breakwater wall (Jarlan patent). The original proposal of the French group C G DORIS
250:
dry-build
Concrete Gravity Substructure (CGS) concept was originally developed by Arup in 1989 for Hamilton Brothers' Ravenspurn North. The Arup CGS are designed to be simple to install, and are fully removable. Simplicity and repetition of concrete structural elements, low reinforcement and
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Semi-submersible marine structures are typically only movable by towing. Semi-submersible platforms have the principal characteristic of remaining in a substantially stable position, presenting small movements when they experience environmental forces such as the wind, waves and currents.
316:) storage barge in the Ardjuna Field (Indonesia). This barge is built of reinforced and prestressed concrete containing cylindrical tanks each having a cross-section perpendicular to its longitudinal axes that comprises a preferably circular curved portion corresponding to the bottom.
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drilling/production platforms installed in the North Sea between the late 1970s and mid '90s. The CGBS have no oil storage facilities and the topside installations will be carried out in the field by a float-over mating method. Current or most recent projects are:
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on the Clyde (which is known as the ANDOC (Anglo Dutch
Offshore Concrete) design). The ANDOC design can be considered as the British construction industry's attempt to compete with Norway in this sector. McAlpine constructed three concrete platforms for the
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Since concrete is quite resistant to corrosion from salt water and keeps maintenance costs low, floating concrete structures have become increasingly attractive to the oil and gas industry in the last two decades. Temporary floating structures such as the
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Concrete offshore platforms of the gravity-base type are almost always constructed in their vertical attitude. This allows the inshore installation of deck girders and equipment and the later transport of the whole structure to the installation site.
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within the oil and gas industry, several conceptual studies have shown that concrete support structures for offshore wind turbines can be competitive compared to the more common steel structures, especially for greater water depths.
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processing equipment) used in these same areas to support oil and gas developments. An FSO is typically used as a storage unit in remote locations far from pipelines or other infrastructures.
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Common designs for floating concrete structures are the barge or ship design, the platform design (semi-submersible, TLP) as well as the floating terminals e.g. for LNG.
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industry at Ardyne Point. The ANDOC type is very similar to the Sea Tank design, but the four concrete legs terminate and steel legs take over to support the deck.
30:
for use in the offshore marine environment. They serve the same purpose as their steel counterparts in oil and gas production and storage. The first concrete
62:
depths larger than 150 m. Most gravity-type platforms need no additional fixing because of their large foundation dimensions and extremely high weight.
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have various uses including the discovery of oil and gas deposits, in oil and gas production, as storage and offloading units and in heavy lifting systems.
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divided up the construction of four offshore platforms. Redpath Dorman Long at Methil in Fife, Scotland getting Brent A, the two concrete
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fluids from vessel to undersea field, all while being a structure capable of quick disconnect in the event of emergency.
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B and D were to be built in Norway by
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platforms float during construction but are towed out and finally ballasted until they sit on the sea floor.
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340:
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refers to a make of gravity base structure for oil platforms invented by Olav Mo and fabricated by
937:
344:
313:
193:
2412:
2452:
2052:
110:
55:
217:
To achieve its goal and extract oil within five years after discovering the Brent reservoir
1892:
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118:
Platforms Brent B (1975) and Brent D (1976) were designed for a water depth of 142m in the
8:
932:
226:
43:
27:
2422:
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The first barge of prestressed concrete has been designed in the early 1970s as an LPG (
1970:
1870:
1416:
1399:
1351:
1279:
1242:
1069:
469:
434:
247:
94:
39:
2393:
2362:
2340:
2267:
1953:
1687:
1584:
1481:
966:
702:
602:
532:
218:
123:
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industry. Since then at least 47 major concrete offshore structures have been built.
35:
2354:
2332:
2385:
1658:
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Heidrun TLP is the only one with a concrete hull, all other TLPs have steel hulls.
139:
131:
1761:
143:
1513:
119:
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platforms (Piltun-Astokhskoye B (PA-B) platform and
Lunskoye (LUN-A) platform)
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2397:
732:
669:
636:
569:
235:
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Following table summarizes the major existing offshore concrete structures.
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was built within four years and deployed in 1995 to produce gas from the
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Offshore
Structures Volume II: Strength and Safety for Structural Design
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773:
329:
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Olsen, T. O. (2001). "Recycling of offshore concrete structures".
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Offshore Structures Volume I: Conceptual Design and Hydromechanics
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1237:
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1008:
778:
740:
610:
540:
507:
439:
261:
222:
206:
165:
155:
151:
127:
115:
106:
58:(LNG). A more recent development is concrete sub-sea structures.
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1723:
1620:
1135:
1102:
2353:
2331:
1887:
1168:
1036:
998:
768:
499:
2427:
2437:
1823:
1791:
241:
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intended to break up waves, thus reducing their forces.
16:
Concrete structures used in offshore marine environments
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A 'Statfjord' Gravity base structure under construction
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319:
164:is a further development of the first-generation
42:, and they have become a significant part of the
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2418:The sinking of the Sleipner A offshore platform
2361:. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York.
2339:. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York.
2264:Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures
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2210:A view from the South East of Troll A Platform
82:Condeep (with one, two, three or four columns)
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2413:Structurae [en]: Troll A Platform (1995)
275:Floating production, storage, and offloading
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1518:Snorre Concrete Foundation Templates (CFT)
358:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
158:platforms is given in a separate article.
378:Learn how and when to remove this message
242:Arup Concrete Gravity Substructure (CGS)
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2115:Sakhalin-1 Arkutun Dagi (Golden Eagle)
162:Concrete Gravity Base Structures (CGBS)
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2266:(third ed.). Taylor and Francis.
266:Permanent floating concrete structures
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78:The most common concrete designs are:
34:was installed in the North Sea in the
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2357:; E. Lehmann; C. Ă–sterfaard (1993).
2335:; E. Lehmann; C. Ă–sterfaard (1992).
2292:Norwegian Industrial Property Office
2234:Lunskoye platform under construction
356:adding citations to reliable sources
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205:This design is quite similar to the
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97:Concrete Gravity Substructure (CGS)
88:Sea Tank (with two or four columns)
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154:. A detailed overview about
26:, are structures built from
24:concrete offshore structures
20:Offshore concrete structures
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2423:About the Hibernia Platform
2262:Gerwick, Ben C. Jr (2007).
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291:Tension Leg Platform (TLP)
2390:10.1680/stco.2001.2.3.169
1521:3 cells suction anchores
942:CGS 1 shaft, Jarlan Wall
677:CGS 1 shaft, Jarlan Wall
577:CGS 1 shaft, Jarlan Wall
150:, since 1996 operated by
85:ANDOC (with four columns)
1077:Concrete base artic. LC
146:which was developed by
2017:Sakhalin Energy (SEIC)
1987:Sakhalin Energy (SEIC)
314:liquefied petroleum gas
194:Ninian Central Platform
2458:Structural engineering
2288:"Patent number 135909"
130:type platform are the
2428:Adriatic LNG Terminal
2306:"Troll Gas fact page"
111:Norwegian Contractors
56:liquefied natural gas
1426:CGS Protection Ring
1212:CGS caisson, Island
352:improve this section
297:Tension Leg Platform
71:ballast are put up.
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255:Floating structures
44:marine construction
28:reinforced concrete
2325:Printed literature
2084:Heavy Lift Vessel
1044:4 hollow caissons
470:Atlantic Richfield
40:Phillips Petroleum
2368:978-3-540-19770-6
2346:978-3-540-19709-6
2273:978-0-8493-3052-0
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600:
597:
593:
592:
589:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
567:
564:
560:
559:
556:
555:Condeep Group
553:
552:NC/Olav Olsen
550:
547:
544:
538:
535:
530:
527:
523:
522:
520:
519:NC/Olav Olsen
517:
514:
511:
505:
502:
497:
494:
490:
489:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
474:Ardjuna Field
472:
467:
464:
460:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:North Sea (N)
448:
445:
442:
437:
432:
429:
425:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
386:
385:
336:
334:
327:
321:
318:
305:
302:
292:
289:
283:
280:
256:
253:
243:
240:
214:
211:
202:
199:
188:
187:C G DORIS Type
185:
184:
183:
181:
179:
177:
120:Brent oilfield
103:
100:
99:
98:
92:
89:
86:
83:
67:
64:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2470:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:Oil platforms
2451:
2450:
2448:
2439:
2438:Malampaya.com
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2307:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2275:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2173:Husky Energy
2172:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2118:GBS 4 shafts
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2057:LNG terminal
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:Sakhalin (R)
2028:
2025:
2023:CGS 4 shafts
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:Sakhalin (R)
1998:
1995:
1993:CGS 4 shafts
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1961:CGS 4 shafts
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1897:CGS 4 shafts
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1861:CGS 4 shafts
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:CGS 3 shafts
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1731:Concrete TLP
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1628:Concrete TLP
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1489:CGS 3 shafts
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1466:BOS/Bouygues
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1390:CGS 3 shafts
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:Norsk Hydro]
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:Beaufort Sea
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:Beaufort Sea
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
990:
987:
985:
982:
979:
976:
974:CGS 4 shafts
973:
970:
968:
965:
962:
959:
958:
955:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
928:
925:
924:
921:
919:
916:
913:
910:
908:CGS 4 shafts
907:
904:
902:TAQA Bratani
901:
898:
895:
894:
891:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
872:
869:
866:
863:
862:
859:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
840:
837:
834:
831:
830:
827:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
808:
805:
802:
799:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
764:
761:
760:
756:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
734:
731:
728:
725:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
710:CGS 4 shafts
709:
706:
704:
701:
698:
695:
694:
690:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
674:Frigg MCP-01
673:
671:
668:
665:
662:
661:
657:
655:
652:
649:
646:
644:CGS 2 shafts
643:
640:
638:
635:
632:
629:
628:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
604:
601:
598:
595:
594:
590:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
571:
568:
565:
562:
561:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
534:
531:
528:
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
501:
498:
495:
492:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
471:
468:
465:
462:
461:
457:
455:
452:
449:
446:
444:Tank - DORIS
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
430:
427:
426:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
394:
391:
382:
379:
371:
361:
357:
353:
347:
346:
342:
337:This section
335:
331:
326:
325:
317:
315:
310:
301:
298:
288:
279:
276:
272:
269:
267:
263:
252:
249:
239:
237:
236:North Sea oil
232:
228:
224:
220:
210:
208:
198:
195:
182:
180:
178:
175:
172:
171:
170:
167:
163:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
108:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
72:
63:
59:
57:
51:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2381:
2377:
2358:
2336:
2310:. Retrieved
2300:
2291:
2282:
2263:
2053:Adriatic LNG
1967:Philippines
1929:CGS 1 shaft
1922:Amerada Hess
1831:CGS 1 shaft
1728:Heidrun TLP
1074:Maureen ALC
1037:Amoco Canada
905:Cormorant A
878:CGS caisson
846:CGS caisson
814:CGS caisson
486:Berger/ABAM
389:
374:
365:
350:Please help
338:
311:
307:
294:
285:
273:
270:
258:
245:
231:Ardyne Point
216:
204:
190:
160:
148:Norske Shell
122:operated by
105:
102:Condeep Type
77:
73:
69:
60:
52:
48:
32:oil platform
23:
19:
18:
2182:118 m
2151:109 m
2101:Demolished
2096:Olav Olsen
1990:Lunskoye A
1926:South Arne
1769:325 m
1757:Norsk Hydro
1734:350 m
1701:303 m
1666:109 m
1631:350 m
1598:251 m
1524:310 m
1460:170 m
1422:Ekofisk P.B
1362:216 m
1324:109 m
1290:141 m
1253:135 m
1209:Super CIDS
1184:145 m
1174:Statfjord C
1014:145 m
1004:Statfjord B
977:141 m
945:136 m
911:149 m
784:145 m
774:Statfjord A
746:104 m
737:Frigg TCP2
713:153 m
647:104 m
616:140 m
580:104 m
574:Frigg CDP1
546:140 m
513:118 m
405:Field/Unit
174:Sakhalin-II
38:in 1973 by
2447:Categories
2240:References
2121:33 m
2060:29 m
2048:ExxonMobil
2026:30 m
1996:48 m
1964:43 m
1958:Malampaya
1932:60 m
1900:80 m
1867:Australia
1864:54 m
1837:Australia
1834:61 m
1805:Australia
1802:61 m
1796:West Tuna
1595:Monotower
1562:82 m
1552:Sleipner A
1492:43 m
1486:NAM F3-FB
1451:Elf Congo
1429:75 m
1393:42 m
1352:Gullfaks C
1315:Oseberg A
1280:Gullfaks B
1243:Gullfaks A
1215:16 m
1152:DORIS/IMS
1146:16 m
1119:DORIS/IMS
1113:25 m
1080:92 m
1047:16 m
881:15 m
849:15 m
817:15 m
680:94 m
641:Frigg TP1
483:Indonesia
480:43 m
477:LPG Barge
447:71 m
417:Design by
213:ANDOC Type
136:Gullfaks C
2398:1464-4177
2308:. Statoil
2157:KKC/GMAO
1698:4 shafts
1559:4 shafts
1359:4 shafts
1321:4 shafts
1287:3 shafts
1250:4 shafts
1181:4 shafts
1011:4 shafts
983:Sea Tank
917:Sea Tank
871:Petrobras
839:Petrobras
807:Petrobras
781:3 shafts
757:AIP 2009
743:3 shafts
707:Dunlin A
691:AIP 2009
658:AIP 2009
653:Sea Tank
613:3 shafts
591:AIP 2009
543:3 shafts
510:3 shafts
414:Location
402:Operator
339:does not
91:C G Doris
2127:AK/GMAO
2066:AK/GMAO
2032:AK/GMAO
2002:AK/GMAO
1893:Hibernia
1855:Ampolex
1828:Bream B
1766:Semisub
1692:Troll A
1625:Heidrun
1589:Draugen
1454:N'Kossa
1417:Phillips
1226:Removed
1157:Removed
1124:Removed
1091:Removed
1070:Phillips
1058:Removed
971:Brent C
607:Brent D
537:Brent B
504:Beryl A
435:Phillips
368:May 2021
227:McAlpine
223:Condeeps
134:and the
2312:2 April
2185:Canada
2154:Canada
2145:Hebron
1903:Canada
1858:Wandoo
1762:Troll B
1696:Condeep
1659:Harding
1593:Condeep
1557:Condeep
1547:Statoil
1357:Condeep
1347:Statoil
1319:Condeep
1285:Condeep
1275:Statoil
1248:Condeep
1238:Statoil
1179:Condeep
1009:Condeep
933:Chevron
884:Brazil
852:Brazil
820:Brazil
779:Condeep
741:Condeep
611:Condeep
541:Condeep
508:Condeep
440:Ekofisk
423:Status
360:removed
345:sources
262:Condeep
207:Condeep
166:Condeep
156:Condeep
152:Statoil
140:Troll A
128:Condeep
116:Condeep
107:Condeep
2396:
2365:
2343:
2270:
1906:DORIS
1775:DORIS
1724:Conoco
1621:Conoco
1463:Congo
1435:DORIS
1136:Texaco
1103:Texaco
951:DORIS
719:ANDOC
686:DORIS
586:DORIS
453:DORIS
411:Depth
209:type.
2188:Arup
2170:20??
2139:2017
2109:2012
2078:2008
2044:2008
2014:2005
1984:2005
1954:Shell
1950:2000
1918:1999
1888:Mobil
1884:1997
1852:1996
1820:1996
1788:1996
1753:1995
1720:1995
1688:Shell
1684:1995
1650:1996
1617:1994
1585:Shell
1581:1993
1543:1993
1510:1992
1482:Shell
1478:1993
1448:1996
1413:1989
1381:1989
1343:1989
1309:1988
1271:1987
1234:1986
1203:1984
1169:Mobil
1165:1984
1132:1983
1099:1983
1066:1982
1033:1981
999:Mobil
995:1981
967:Shell
963:1978
929:1978
899:1978
867:1978
835:1978
803:1977
769:Mobil
765:1977
729:1977
703:Shell
699:1977
666:1976
633:1976
603:Shell
599:1976
566:1975
533:Shell
529:1975
500:Mobil
496:1975
466:1974
431:1973
219:Shell
124:Shell
22:, or
2394:ISSN
2363:ISBN
2341:ISBN
2314:2013
2268:ISBN
2160:KKC
2090:n/a
2087:LWA
1971:Arup
1871:Arup
1824:Esso
1792:Esso
1778:KCC
1663:CGS
1514:Saga
1440:AIP
1400:Arup
558:AIP
458:AIP
396:No.
343:any
341:cite
248:Arup
246:The
95:Arup
2386:doi
2167:53
2136:52
2106:51
2093:na
2075:50
2041:49
2011:48
1981:47
1947:46
1915:45
1881:44
1849:43
1817:42
1785:41
1750:40
1743:NC
1717:39
1710:NC
1681:38
1647:37
1640:NC
1614:36
1607:NC
1578:35
1571:NC
1540:34
1533:NC
1507:33
1475:32
1445:31
1410:30
1378:29
1371:NC
1340:28
1333:NC
1306:27
1299:NC
1268:26
1231:25
1200:24
1193:NC
1162:23
1129:22
1096:21
1063:20
1030:19
1023:NC
992:18
960:17
926:16
896:15
864:14
832:13
800:12
793:NC
762:11
733:Elf
726:10
670:Elf
637:Elf
570:Elf
354:by
229:at
2449::
2392:.
2380:.
2290:.
2248:^
1654:BP
1221:?
1086:?
1053:?
887:?
855:?
823:?
696:9
663:8
630:7
596:6
563:5
526:4
493:3
463:2
428:1
295:A
138:.
2400:.
2388::
2382:2
2371:.
2349:.
2316:.
2294:.
2276:.
381:)
375:(
370:)
366:(
362:.
348:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.