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553:"The Time Ball consists of a cast iron cylinder, piston, rack and pinion lifting mechanism, safety lock, electric motor and ball. The cylinder is 30cm diameter and 3 m long. Approximately 7 litres of soapy water fills the bottom of the cylinder to act as a buffer for the piston. The piston is a 10cm thick block of rubber with a bleeder valve to adjust the rate of descent. The rack extends from the piston to the Time Ball and is 7.5 meters long. A pinion engages into the rack by a slide gear, which enables the electric motor to raise the rack. A large hand wheel is also attached with a pawl gear to prevent back-slipping. The Time Ball is attached to the top of the rack and is raised 2.7 metres.
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560:"At 6 minutes to 1PM the pinion is engaged into the rack and the electric motor switched on. It takes approx 2 minutes and 50 seconds to raise the ball to the top of the mast. The safety lock is then engaged and the pinion is disengaged. At precisely 1PM a signal from the atomic clock disengages the safety lock, causing the Time Ball to drop. It drops approximately 2 metres immediately and the back pressure in the cylinder causes it to drop the remaining distance at a slower rate."
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465:"Two little rooms about 10 feet by 10 feet are all the indoor accommodation of the building that is required to carry on operations. One room constitutes the telegraph and telephone room and general office while the other is used as a flag locker for there are scores and scores of brightly coloured squares and triangles of bunting used in the signalling work, each one neatly rolled up and stowed away in its proper place ready for immediate use.
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A windmill was constructed on the site in 1796 by John Davis, an Irish convict. It was a stone tower used to grind wheat. It subsided a few years later and was replaced by another windmill to the south. These structures gave rise to the name
Windmill Hill for this area. In 1804 Fort Philip was built
420:
built a powder magazine next to the Fort which is shown in both of the watercolours. It was a rectangular structure which contained a 4-foot thick arched stone vault. However it too was not fully completed and the proposed stone roof was not built. Instead it had a temporary roof which subsequently
400:"The ramparts, merlons (which were later dismantled) and embrasures of the three sides are nearly finished; the outer wall of the rampart of the fourth and fifth sides raised five feet; a bomb proof chamber of 14 feet square completed under one side and the foundation of the sixth side nearly laid."
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The signals are made in what seamen call “hoists” As a vessel is sighted the flag of the company to which she belongs is sent up to the yardarm while to the signal staffhead is hoisted a square flag indicating whether she is a steamer or a sailing ship and two triangular ones which denote her last
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In 1808 a flagstaff was erected on Fort
Phillip and by 1823 a semaphore had been placed there. A hut for the signalman was also built at this time which can be seen in the watercolour of 1842. The semaphore had two swinging arms which could be changed to various positions that spelled out numbers.
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The site of the building was chosen because it was clearly visible from the harbour. It was originally intended that it was to only provide a time service through the operation of the Time Ball which still functions today. The Ball was dropped at 1p.m. and at the same time a cannon was fired at
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port of call fly immediately underneath. Thus for a P. and O. liner the company’s flag would be seen at the yardarm while up aloft would go a square chess board flag of blue and yellow indicating she was a steamer and the two triangular flags of different colours denoting her last port of call."
386:
The remains of Fort Philip are still on
Observatory Hill. They appear as the wall at the front and side of the signal station and are shown in the photo to the right. They are the eastern rampart of the Fort which was used as the foundations for the signal station when it was built in 1848. The
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but it was never fully completed. It was built around the first windmill which can be seen in the painting of 1820. The tower of the ruined windmill was used for storage or accommodation for many years. It was intended that the Fort was to be hexagonal but only three sides were substantially
647:. His name is on the memorial and his picture is shown. The gun near the structure was captured from the Boers by the British at the time of the war and given to the Australian Government in 1905. It is a 75 mm QF (Schnellfeuer-Feldkanone L/24) and was originally in the
446:
These could be translated into letters by referring to a code book. The first hut for the signal station was very small consisting of only four rooms, two of which were bedrooms. This was replaced in 1847 by the more substantial stone building designed by architect
528:
was built between 1857 and 1859. It was designed by
Alexander Dawson, the Colonial Architect. It combines two types of architectural style – Italian High Renaissance Palazzo and the Italian Villa. A west wing was added to the building in 1876.
459:
newspaper interviewed the resident signal master
Jeremiah McCarthy and the article provides a colourful insight into the daily activities of the station. It explains how the flags are displayed on the pole to convey information. It stated:
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Jeremiah McCarthy had been appointed to the post of signal master in 1902 and he remained in this position until his death in 1920. Like many signal masters he had previous experience in the navy. He had also been a light house keeper on
599:
The
Rotunda was built in 1912. The Metropolitan Band played regularly in the building particularly on Sunday afternoons and evenings. John Palmer was the conductor at this time. He played classical music and also selections from
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who held this position from 1870 until his death in 1907. Russell reorganized the observatory for systematic work on star positions and observations of double stars and star clusters. He had a close association with the
642:
The unveiling was conducted by Major
General Sir Charles Cox who at that time was 77 years old and needed to lean on a friend’s arm. However at the time of the Boer War in 1899 he was a young Officer who led the
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was built near the signal station. For over a
Century it played an essential role in shipping, navigation, meteorology and timekeeping and astronomy. Today the building is used as museum and public observatory.
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was built on the eastern rampart of Fort Philip in 1847 which was for many years called the Fort Philip Signal
Station. This is now open to the public.
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The
National Trust Centre which is near the Park was once a military hospital. It was built as a hospital in 1825 but closed in 1848 and became the
909:
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completed. Construction ceased in 1806 and at this stage a report on the progress was given by the Colonial Secretary William Minchin. He said
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which exists today. This building was the home of successive signal masters and their families until 1939 when the station was closed.
348:
There is a Rotunda in the park which dates back to 1912. It has a views of Sydney Harbour and is sometimes used as venue for weddings.
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for several years before this appointment. He had only one daughter who lived with him and his wife in the cottage until she married.
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341:. Although Fort Street School still exists on Observatory Hill the historic military hospital is now the headquarters of the
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The Boer War Memorial was built in 1940. The stones in the structure are over 200 years old as they came from a building at
541:. The purpose of the Time Ball was so that ships could readjust their chronometers after being at sea for extended periods.
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after the 1798 Rebellion in Ireland. The insurrection did not eventuate and the site was gradually used for other purposes.
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Today the Rotunda is sometimes used as a venue for weddings. It has views over the harbour and has surrounding parkland.
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on the Hill. It was supplied with four 6-pounder cannons and a gunpowder magazine. The powder magazine was moved to
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chains on the wall which are still visible were used to limit the amount of recoil of the canons used in the Fort
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574:. He was a fellow of the Senate of the University in 1875–1907 and vice-chancellor in 1891–92.
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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published a detailed article on the work being done at the observatory at this time.
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281:. It is also the site of a number of historical buildings including the historic
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The Fort was originally intended to suppress a possible insurrection by the
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273:. Its history dates back to 1796 when it was used as the site of the first
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but the Veterans of the War requested that it be moved to their Memorial.
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696:"Sydney Observatory: A Conservation Plan for the Site and its Structures"
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The longest serving Government Astronomer to occupy the Observatory was
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604:. The City of Sydney Band were also frequent entertainers in the Park.
759:
Thorpe, Wendy (1997). "Historical Context. Observatory Hill, Sydney".
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293:, the National Trust Centre (formerly Fort Street High School) and a
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in 1833, and Fort Philip was partially demolished in the 1850s. A
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Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences website. “Historical Site”
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The Rotunda in 1932 at the opening of Sydney Harbour Bridge
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explains how the Time Ball works in the following terms:
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The construction of Fort Philip was commenced in 1804 by
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Royal Australian Artillery Historical Company website.
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City of Sydney website “History of Observatory Park”.
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Jeremiah McCarthy, Signal Master from 1902 until 1920
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became permanent and no further work was undertaken.
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and several rooms are available to hire as a venue.
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521:Henry Chamberlain Russell and his family in 1887
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908:Sydney Morning Herald, 13 January 1923, p. 16.
802:Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences website.
1537:Walter Burley Griffin Incinerator, Willoughby
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920:The Manning River Times, 8 June 1940, p. 1.
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932:Sydney Morning Herald 26 March 1940. P. 7.
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614:View from the Rotunda in Observatory Park
1084:Sydney Cove West Archaeological Precinct
726:Department of Planning & Environment
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721:New South Wales State Heritage Register
225:, ample grassed area with views across
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289:), the Signal Station, the remains of
245:is a park located in the heart of the
1145:Australian Botanic Garden Mount Annan
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265:, Watson Road, Upper Fort Street and
233:, the Signal Station, the remains of
98:, Watson Road, Upper Fort Street and
1580:Parks and gardens in New South Wales
824:. Sydney. 23 January 1912. p. 9
618:
277:in the colony, when it was known as
1170:Bents Basin State Conservation Area
1118:In all other local government areas
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24:
1327:Joseph Banks Native Plants Reserve
627:The Boer War Memorial and Boer gun
433:Signal Station on Observatory Hill
25:
1625:
1282:Garawarra State Conservation Area
851:"Time ball at Sydney Observatory"
424:
1609:Sydney central business district
737:
309:Painting of Observatory Hill by
247:Sydney central business district
82:Sydney central business district
71:
64:
48:
1347:Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park
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914:
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1614:Millers Point, New South Wales
1332:Kamay Botany Bay National Park
1247:Central Gardens Nature Reserve
886:. 28 September 1921. p. 8
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672:
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645:New South Wales Mounted Rifles
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351:
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1:
1559:Wetherill Park Nature Reserve
1297:George Kendall Riverside Park
896:National Library of Australia
878:"The watchers of the heavens"
834:National Library of Australia
654:
366:Remains of Fort Phillip today
1552:Western Sydney Regional Park
1527:Wadim (Bill) Jegorow Reserve
1502:Sydney Harbour National Park
1372:Lower Prospect Canal Reserve
1175:Berowra Valley Regional Park
1034:Chinese Garden of Friendship
409:who had been transported to
297:which is used for weddings.
257:, Australia. It is near the
7:
1442:Penrith Lakes Regional Park
1302:Georges River National Park
984:Parks and gardens of Sydney
694:Kerr, James Semple (2002).
537:and then in later years at
300:
285:(thus often referred to as
172:National Trust of Australia
10:
1630:
1472:Rockdale Bicentennial Park
1125:Anderson Park, Neutral Bay
586:
513:Sydney Observatory in 1902
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355:
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1564:Yellomundee Regional Park
1532:Wallumatta Nature Reserve
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567:Henry Chamberlain Russell
218:
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177:
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124:
109:
91:
59:
47:
39:
34:
1547:Western Sydney Parklands
769:10.4227/11/50459CD23AE9D
339:Fort Street Model School
54:Observatory Park, Sydney
18:Observatory Hill, Sydney
1462:Prospect Nature Reserve
1432:Oxford Falls Peace Park
1422:Oatley Pleasure Grounds
1362:Lane Cove National Park
1357:Lane Cove Bushland Park
1352:Lake Parramatta Reserve
1312:Heathcote National Park
1267:Fairfield Park Precinct
1482:Rosford Street Reserve
1397:Mortdale Memorial Park
1367:Louise Sauvage Pathway
1140:Auburn Botanic Gardens
784:Cite journal requires
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615:
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514:
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442:
434:
383:
375:
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314:
1392:Moore Reserve, Oatley
1287:Garigal National Park
1160:Bede Spillane Gardens
1049:Jessie Street Gardens
995:local government area
635:built in the time of
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613:
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520:
512:
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481:South Solitary Island
440:
432:
381:
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229:, outdoor gymnasium,
227:Sydney Harbour Bridge
194:Public transit access
1467:Queen Elizabeth Park
1452:Prince Alfred Square
1427:Oatley Point Reserve
1342:Koala Park Sanctuary
1277:Fred Hollows Reserve
1252:Chipping Norton Lake
1225:Centennial Parklands
1079:Royal Botanic Garden
1064:Paddington Reservoir
1054:Macquarie Place Park
1017:Centennial Parklands
761:University of Sydney
716:"Sydney Observatory"
602:Gilbert and Sullivan
572:University of Sydney
358:Fort Philip (Sydney)
148:33.8595°S 151.2047°E
1599:Landmarks in Sydney
1497:St Thomas Rest Park
1002:Balfour Street Park
894:– via Trove,
832:– via Trove,
382:Fort Philip In 1820
374:Fort Philip in 1842
144: /
1522:Terry Lamb Complex
1412:Nurragingy Reserve
1200:Brickpit Ring Walk
1155:Balls Head Reserve
1069:Prince Alfred Park
1007:Barangaroo Reserve
816:"At the flagstaff"
637:Governor Macquarie
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616:
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526:Sydney Observatory
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505:Sydney Observatory
497:Sydney Observatory
443:
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384:
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331:Sydney Observatory
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283:Sydney Observatory
261:and is bounded by
231:Sydney Observatory
153:-33.8595; 151.2047
42:Sydney Observatory
40:Observatory Hill;
1586:
1585:
1542:Waverley Cemetery
1180:Bicentennial Park
1130:Angophora Reserve
856:Powerhouse Museum
619:Boer War Memorial
546:Powerhouse Museum
267:Bradfield Highway
240:
239:
110:Nearest city
100:Bradfield Highway
16:(Redirected from
1621:
1492:St Leonards Park
1337:Kellys Bush Park
1307:Grey Box Reserve
1220:Centenary Square
1165:Ben Buckler Park
1104:Wild Life Sydney
1059:Observatory Park
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946:Online reference
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934:Online reference
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910:Online reference
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418:Francis Greenway
287:Observatory Hill
243:Observatory Park
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80:Location in the
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1437:Parramatta Park
1230:Centennial Park
1210:Carss Bush Park
1185:Birchgrove Park
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1022:Centennial Park
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311:Arthur Streeton
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1292:Garrison Point
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1257:Coral Sea Park
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633:Circular Quay
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279:Windmill Hill
276:
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271:Millers Point
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210:Circular Quay
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198:Sydney Trains
196:
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189:Open all year
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173:
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164:Owned by
162:
157:
129:
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104:Millers Point
101:
97:
94:
90:
83:
67:
58:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1487:Rowland Park
1407:Nielsen Park
1377:Magdala Park
1322:Ivanhoe Park
1240:Queen's Park
1205:Burwood Park
1109:Wynyard Park
1074:Redfern Park
1058:
1012:Belmore Park
940:
928:
916:
904:
888:. Retrieved
881:
872:
860:. Retrieved
854:
826:. Retrieved
819:
810:
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777:cite journal
754:
729:. Retrieved
719:
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539:Fort Denison
531:
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407:Irish rebels
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389:
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286:
278:
242:
241:
29:
1517:Taronga Zoo
1417:Oatley Park
1402:Muston Park
1195:Brenan Park
1089:Sydney Park
890:25 December
862:25 December
828:25 December
731:25 December
535:Dawes Point
491:Observatory
352:Fort Philip
320:Goat Island
291:Fort Philip
263:Kent Street
235:Fort Philip
151: /
139:151°12′17″E
126:Coordinates
120:, Australia
96:Kent Street
1593:Categories
1512:Tania Park
1507:Sydney Zoo
1262:Fagan Park
1235:Moore Park
1039:The Domain
1027:Moore Park
655:References
485:Smoky Cape
219:Facilities
136:33°51′34″S
1477:Rofe Park
1044:Hyde Park
763:Library.
744:CC-BY 4.0
411:Australia
577:In 1921
453:In 1912
416:In 1815
329:In 1858
301:Overview
275:windmill
181:24 hours
92:Location
991:In the
821:The Sun
747:licence
587:Rotunda
456:The Sun
313:in 1896
295:rotunda
223:Rotunda
205:Wynyard
993:Sydney
186:Status
114:Sydney
699:(PDF)
892:2019
864:2019
830:2019
790:help
733:2019
544:The
483:and
178:Open
170:and
765:doi
1595::
880:.
853:.
842:^
818:.
781::
779:}}
775:{{
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866:.
836:.
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788:(
771:.
767::
749:.
735:.
701:.
200::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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