261:
282:
351:
774:
Most of the hymn’s original lyrics are an almost-verbatim expression of Roman
Catholic dogmas regarding the person of Jesus Christ. As stated elsewhere in this article, the hymn takes almost all its contents from Bible verses and the Nicene Creed. To Irish musicologist William H. Grattan Flood, it is
770:
are uncertain. It is not known whether Wade might have simply copied the hymn from other sources (for instance, it could have been composed by
Cistercian monks and eventually sung at the Portuguese embassy chapel in London), or to what extent he might have innovated on the contributions of the hymn’s
753:
are meant to be "a call to arms for faithful
Jacobites to return with triumphant joy to England (Bethlehem) and venerate the king of angels, that is, the English king (Bonnie Prince Charlie).” However, certain historical circumstances would seem to disprove or at least problematize the Jacobite ode
698:
Although, as previously stated, the hymn’s exact sources and origins remain unproven, there is universal agreement among musicologists that it was through the efforts of
Catholic layman and music copyist John Francis Wade that it first appeared in print. Wade himself fled to France after the
762:
as a piece of political propaganda. In the absence of such evidence, the
Jacobite imagery found in Wade’s books might be merely an expression of the author’s idiosyncratic blend of political and religious thought, which in turn might have reflected the sentiments of Catholic Jacobites as a
170:, lived in exile in France and made a living as a copyist of musical manuscripts which he found in libraries. He often signed his copies, possibly because his calligraphy was so beautiful that his clients requested this . In 1751 he published a printed compilation of his manuscript copies,
256:, whom Wade knew, is another possible composer. There are several similar musical themes written around that time, though it can be hard to determine whether these were written in imitation of the hymn, whether the hymn was based on them, or whether they are totally unconnected.
370:
775:
so readily evident that the hymn is merely an artistic expression of the
Catholic spiritual and intellectual tradition that he concludes that the words and music of the song "are to be attributed to a Catholic source and for Catholic worship".
369:
394:
219:
nonetheless argue for Wade's authorship of the most popular
English language version. Bennett Zon offers limited support for that argument, although he also suggests that the author may instead have been someone known to Wade.
784:
In performance, verses are often omitted – either because the hymn is too long in its entirety or because the words are unsuitable for the day on which they are sung. For example, the eighth anonymous verse is only sung on
703:
rising of 1745 was crushed, and his liturgical books were often decorated with
Jacobite imagery (for context, the aim of the rebellion had been to restore a Catholic monarch – Charles Edward Stuart, popularly known as
367:
392:
332:
tradition, appearing as "Hither Ye
Faithful, Haste with Songs of Triumph" in an 1860 collection. With "Herbei, o ihr Gläub'gen" a German translation of the Latin text was published in 1823 by
182:
562:
These are the additional Latin verses composed in the 18th century. The first three verses have translations by
William Thomas Brooke, while the others have English prose translations:
368:
897:
393:
730:– which is found in the hymn’s original Latin lyrics and translates literally to "King of Angels" – to refer to the king of England via a pun on the Latin words
719:. It essentially holds that "the song’s original Latin version was actually a coded rallying cry for the Stewart cause". Elements of this theory include:
212:
1210:
708:” – to the throne of England). These aspects of Wade’s life and political leanings have given rise to speculation that he might have intended for
889:
199:'s translations of the original four verses, and William Thomas Brooke's translation of the three additional verses. It was first published in
24:
1172:
360:
1238:
1110:
385:
1455:
187:
1328:
1197:
841:
1264:
126:
were extended to a total of eight, and these have been translated into many languages. In 1841, the English Catholic priest
1445:
1430:
233:
207:(London), before it was altered to its current form. The song was sometimes referred to as the "Portuguese Hymn" after the
100:
1369:
1137:
344:
These are the original four Latin verses as published by Wade, along with their English translation by Frederick Oakeley.
264:
1450:
1019:
195:
The text has been translated innumerable times into English. The most common version today is a combination of one of
130:
translated the hymn into English as "O Come All Ye Faithful", which became widespread in English-speaking countries.
111:
monks. The earliest printed version is in a book published by Wade. A manuscript by Wade, dating to 1751, is held by
1286:
715:
This theory regarding the hymn’s meaning has been most recently proposed by Professor Bennett Zon, head of music at
181:
The version published by Wade consisted of four Latin verses. Later in the 18th century, the French Catholic priest
1415:
203:
in 1852. Oakeley originally titled the song "Ye Faithful, approach ye" when it was sung at his Margaret Chapel in
749:
Proponents of this theory interpret the notions and circumstances described above as evidence that the lyrics of
1435:
1352:
794:
260:
159:
monks – the German, Portuguese or Spanish provinces of that order having at various times been credited.
1103:
1425:
1386:
1405:
241:
1348:
1123:
868:
830:
741:
The fact that during the mid-18th century some English Roman Catholic liturgical books would place
333:
1440:
1410:
856:
837:
805:
267:
723:
The as-yet-unproven but popular claim that "Bethlehem" was a common Jacobite cipher for England.
766:
Sources that credit the hymn’s composition to Wade overlook the fact that the exact origins of
237:
1359:
758:
The absence of any textual evidence that can conclusively prove that Wade explicitly composed
705:
192:
wrote an additional three verses in Latin. Another anonymous Latin verse is rarely printed.
298:
8:
1420:
249:
152:
104:
964:
800:
In the United Kingdom and United States it is often sung today in an arrangement by Sir
1086:
1063:
814:
786:
216:
112:
1312:
1150:
1390:
946:
809:
789:, if at all; while the last verse of the original is normally reserved for Christmas
716:
290:
281:
229:
196:
163:
127:
96:
986:
1265:"Behind the Carols: O Come, All Ye Faithful – University Lutheran – Tallahassee FL"
167:
147:
has been from time to time attributed to various groups and individuals, including
801:
400:
302:
245:
148:
92:
55:
1311:
Montani, Nicola A. (Nicola Aloysius); Society of St. Gregory of America (1915).
893:
849:
726:
The claim (also currently unproven) that Wade deliberately meant for the title
211:, in 1795, heard a version of it sung at the Portuguese embassy in London, now
155:
in the 17th, though it was more commonly believed that the text was written by
1380:
1399:
950:
790:
309:, contrary to modern versions. It was published again in the 1760 edition of
208:
1023:
1002:
Be Still, My Soul: The Inspiring Stories behind 175 of the Most-Loved Hymns
314:
306:
941:
Neves, José Maria (1998). "Música Sacra em Minas Gerais no século XVIII".
855:
Adeste Fideles is traditionally the final anthem during Midnight Mass at
329:
320:
253:
108:
1375:
1310:
1090:
826:
700:
412:
376:
204:
156:
116:
1173:"O' Come All Ye Faithful: The Story Behind The Famous Christmas Carol"
836:
This carol has served as the penultimate hymn sung at the Festival of
833:
in verse seven (verse four in the original), which is sung in unison.
325:
1211:"Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Christmas Carol – Durham University"
812:
series. This arrangement makes use of the basic harmonisation from
825:
in verse six (verse three in the original) with its reharmonised
822:
819:
297:(1751), with four Latin verses, and music set in the traditional
166:, whose name appears on the earliest printed versions. Wade, an
1239:"The history of a Christmas classic, 'O Come, All Ye Faithful'"
845:
712:
to be a ciphered birth ode to the Jacobite’s Young Pretender.
1363:
1081:
Zon, Bennett (May 1996). "The Origin of 'Adeste fideles'".
745:
physically close to prayers for the would-be king in exile.
162:
In modern English hymnals, the text is usually credited to
144:
123:
232:, the tune has been attributed to several musicians, from
266:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
213:
Our Lady of the Assumption and St Gregory, Warwick Street
1329:"Libretto for Midnight Mass 2019, St. Peter's Basilica"
890:"Adeste Fideles: A Study on Its Origin and Development"
95:
that has been attributed to various authors, including
1233:
1231:
1376:
Original Latin, English translation, historical notes
1349:
Text, translations and settings of "Adeste fideles"
1228:
648:
We to the Christ Child bring our hearts’ oblations.
546:Yea, Lord, we greet thee, born this happy morning;
693:
1397:
1131:
172:Cantus Diversi pro Dominicis et Festis per annum
511:O come, all ye faithful, joyful and triumphant!
1389:, sung to David Willcocks' arrangement by the
1085:. Vol. 24, no. 2. pp. 279–288.
644:Lo! star led chieftains, Magi, Christ adoring,
637:We too will thither bend our joyful footsteps;
633:See how the shepherds, summoned to His cradle,
1287:"History of Hymns: "O Come, All Ye Faithful""
887:
659:Who would not love Thee, loving us so dearly?
655:Child, for us sinners poor and in the manger,
25:O Come, All Ye Faithful (The Vampire Diaries)
804:, which was originally published in 1961 by
570:
550:Word of the Father, now in flesh appearing!
535:Sing, choirs of angels, sing in exultation,
500:
487:
480:
467:
460:
447:
440:
425:
85:
43:
930:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 47.
1111:International Music Score Library Project
657:We would embrace Thee, with love and awe;
285:Adeste fideles (earliest printed version)
1058:
1056:
1013:
1011:
999:
635:Leaving their flocks, draw nigh to gaze;
280:
1070:. Harvard University Press. p. 14.
921:
919:
917:
915:
668:Of the Eternal Father, veiled in flesh,
174:. This is the first printed source for
1398:
1208:
1062:
881:
537:Sing, all ye citizens of Heaven above!
1314:The Catholic Choirmaster, Volumes 1-5
1053:
1044:
1008:
940:
925:
583:Stella duce, Magi Christum adorantes,
276:
16:Christmas carol of unknown authorship
1143:
934:
912:
900:from the original on 13 October 2007
526:Lo, he abhors not the Virgin's womb;
1080:
795:Mass at Dawn or Mass during the Day
646:Offer Him incense, gold, and myrrh;
616:Cantet nunc hymnos chorus angelorum
598:Sic nos amantem quis non redamaret?
572:En grege relicto, humiles ad cunas,
539:Glory to God, glory in the highest:
13:
965:"The One Show films at Stonyhurst"
842:Choir of King's College, Cambridge
666:We shall see the eternal splendour
605:Æterni Parentis splendorem æternum
594:Pro nobis egenum et fœno cubantem,
585:Aurum, tus et myrrham dant munera.
513:O come ye, O come ye to Bethlehem;
411:Problems playing these files? See
349:
14:
1467:
1362:of "O Come, All ye Faithful" for
1342:
1151:"Carol is 'ode to Bonnie Prince'"
1138:The Hymns and Carols of Christmas
1017:
928:The Presbyterian Hymnal Companion
670:The infant God wrapped in cloths.
493:Patris æterni Verbum caro factum.
469:Cantet nunc io, chorus angelorum;
427:Adeste fideles læti triumphantes,
528:Very God, begotten, not created:
390:
365:
289:The hymn was first published by
122:The original four verses of the
1456:Hymns in The New English Hymnal
1372:, two 19th-century arrangements
1321:
1304:
1279:
1257:
1202:
1198:Secret Symbols of the Jacobites
1191:
1165:
1140:, Source for other five verses.
1115:
1097:
1074:
1068:The Harvard Dictionary of Music
943:Magis: Cadernos de fé e cultura
679:Sing now halls of the heavenly!
677:Sing now choir of angels hymns!
576:Et nos ovanti gradu festinemus,
473:Gloria, gloria in excelsis Deo,
453:Deum verum, genitum non factum.
240:, and even the German composer
183:Jean-François-Étienne Borderies
1038:
993:
979:
967:. Stonyhurst. 19 November 2014
957:
945:(in Portuguese). No. 25.
779:
694:Claims of Jacobite connections
683:O come, let us adore Him, (3Ă—)
672:O come, let us adore Him, (3Ă—)
661:O come, let us adore Him, (3Ă—)
650:O come, let us adore Him, (3Ă—)
639:O come, let us adore Him, (3Ă—)
609:Deum infantem pannis involutum
552:O come, let us adore Him, (3Ă—)
548:Jesus, to thee be glory given!
541:O come, let us adore Him, (3Ă—)
530:O come, let us adore Him, (3Ă—)
519:O come, let us adore Him, (3Ă—)
1:
1004:. Tyndale House. p. 219.
987:"Frederick Oakeley 1802–1880"
874:
844:, after the last lesson from
311:Evening Offices of the Church
1353:Choral Public Domain Library
681:Glory to God in the highest!
587:Iesu infanti corda præbeamus
574:Vocati pastores adproperant:
489:Ergo qui natus die hodierna.
449:Deum de Deo, lumen de lumine
429:Venite, venite in Bethlehem.
263:
151:in the 13th century or King
7:
1446:Hymns in The English Hymnal
1431:18th-century hymns in Latin
862:
618:Cantet nunc aula cælestium,
607:Velatum sub carne videbimus
524:God of God, light of light,
471:Cantet nunc aula cælestium,
107:(1604–1656), and anonymous
10:
1472:
1047:The Christmas Encyclopedia
1045:Crump, William D. (2013).
926:McKim, LindaJo H. (1993).
244:. The Portuguese composer
133:
18:
1451:Christmas carols in Latin
1382:"O Come, All Ye Faithful"
808:in the first book in the
596:Piis foveamus amplexibus.
571:
339:
328:also made its way to the
303:medieval liturgical music
252:have also been credited.
143:The original text of the
86:
69:
61:
51:
39:
34:
1124:Evangelisches Gesangbuch
1020:"O Come All Ye Faithful"
1000:Petersen, Randy (2014).
869:List of Christmas carols
831:last verse harmonisation
771:other plausible authors.
517:Born the King of Angels:
334:Friedrich Heinrich Ranke
250:King John IV of Portugal
153:John IV of Portugal
105:King John IV of Portugal
1416:English Christian hymns
1291:Discipleship Ministries
1153:. BBC. 18 December 2008
838:Nine Lessons and Carols
806:Oxford University Press
620:Gloria in excelsis Deo!
319:An Essay on the Church
268:download the audio file
223:
138:
81:O Come, All Ye Faithful
35:O Come, All Ye Faithful
888:Stephan, John (1947).
734:("of the angels") and
501:
491:Jesu, tibi sit gloria,
488:
481:
468:
461:
451:Gestant puellæ viscera
448:
441:
426:
379:choir Collegium Vocale
354:
313:. It also appeared in
286:
44:
1436:Charles Edward Stuart
1351:: Free scores at the
829:accompaniment, and a
706:Bonnie Prince Charlie
353:
305:. This version is in
284:
1209:University, Durham.
857:St. Peter's Basilica
622:Venite adoremus (3Ă—)
611:Venite adoremus (3Ă—)
600:Venite adoremus (3Ă—)
589:Venite adoremus (3Ă—)
578:Venite adoremus (3Ă—)
1334:. 24 December 2019.
1064:Randel, Don Michael
1026:on 11 December 2012
738:("of the English").
515:Come and behold Him
21:The Vampire Diaries
19:For the episode of
1366:from Cantorion.org
1245:. 10 December 2021
815:The English Hymnal
355:
293:in his collection
287:
277:Published versions
113:Stonyhurst College
83:", also known as "
1426:Songs about Jesus
1391:Georgia Boy Choir
1267:. 6 December 2017
810:Carols for Choirs
717:Durham University
691:
690:
685:Christ the Lord.
560:
559:
554:Christ the Lord.
395:
371:
291:John Francis Wade
272:
230:John Francis Wade
197:Frederick Oakeley
164:John Francis Wade
128:Frederick Oakeley
97:John Francis Wade
77:
76:
1463:
1406:Christmas carols
1383:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1325:
1319:
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1297:
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1277:
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1243:America Magazine
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1109:: Scores at the
1101:
1095:
1094:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1022:. Archived from
1015:
1006:
1005:
997:
991:
990:
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
961:
955:
954:
938:
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923:
910:
909:
907:
905:
885:
859:in the Vatican.
754:theory. Namely:
674:Christ the Lord.
663:Christ the Lord.
652:Christ the Lord.
641:Christ the Lord.
626:
625:
565:
564:
543:Christ the Lord.
532:Christ the Lord.
521:Christ the Lord.
504:
497:
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477:
464:
457:
444:
437:
433:Regem angelorum:
420:
419:
397:
396:
386:"Adeste Fideles"
373:
372:
361:"Adeste Fideles"
352:
236:and his son, to
191:
168:English Catholic
89:
88:
47:
32:
31:
1471:
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1132:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1105:The Sacred Harp
1102:
1098:
1079:
1075:
1061:
1054:
1049:(3rd ed.).
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1016:
1009:
998:
994:
985:
984:
980:
970:
968:
963:
962:
958:
939:
935:
924:
913:
903:
901:
886:
882:
877:
865:
802:David Willcocks
782:
728:Regem Angelorum
696:
687:
684:
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531:
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518:
516:
514:
512:
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499:
495:Venite adoremus
494:
492:
490:
486:
485:
479:
475:Venite adoremus
474:
472:
470:
466:
465:
459:
455:Venite adoremus
454:
452:
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446:
445:
439:
435:Venite adoremus
434:
432:
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418:
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409:
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405:
404:
401:Beniamino Gigli
398:
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366:
363:
356:
350:
342:
299:square notation
279:
274:
273:
271:
246:Marcos Portugal
226:
201:Murray's Hymnal
185:
149:St. Bonaventure
141:
136:
93:Christmas carol
56:Christmas music
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1469:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:Jacobite songs
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1411:Catholic music
1408:
1394:
1393:
1378:
1373:
1370:Adeste Fideles
1367:
1356:
1344:
1343:External links
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1179:. 6 April 2018
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1107:, 1860, p. 223
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978:
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933:
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894:Buckfast Abbey
879:
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864:
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850:Gospel of John
781:
778:
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772:
768:Adeste Fideles
764:
760:Adeste Fideles
751:Adeste Fideles
747:
746:
743:Adeste Fideles
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710:Adeste Fideles
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295:Cantus Diversi
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176:Adeste Fideles
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87:Adeste Fideles
75:
74:
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66:
65:Latin, English
63:
59:
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53:
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45:Adeste Fideles
41:
37:
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1174:
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1127:. p. 45.
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1125:
1118:
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310:
307:triple meter
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101:John Reading
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1360:sheet music
1296:25 December
1271:25 December
1249:25 December
1220:25 December
1183:25 December
1157:18 December
1083:Early Music
971:16 December
904:19 December
818:but adds a
780:Performance
732:"Angelorum"
330:Sacred Harp
321:Plain Chant
254:Thomas Arne
248:as well as
186: [
40:Native name
1421:Hymn tunes
1400:Categories
1177:MyNativity
1030:4 December
875:References
736:"Anglorum"
413:media help
377:A cappella
205:Marylebone
157:Cistercian
117:Lancashire
109:Cistercian
951:1676-7748
846:Chapter 1
326:hymn tune
301:used for
70:Published
1066:(2003).
898:Archived
863:See also
787:Epiphany
701:Jacobite
624:Dominum.
613:Dominum.
602:Dominum.
591:Dominum.
580:Dominum.
502:Dominum.
482:Dominum.
462:Dominum.
442:Dominum.
228:Besides
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62:Language
1387:YouTube
1091:3128115
848:of the
840:by the
823:descant
820:soprano
217:Randell
134:History
1089:
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763:group.
340:Lyrics
238:Handel
23:, see
1358:Free
1332:(PDF)
1087:JSTOR
827:organ
242:Gluck
190:]
52:Genre
1364:SATB
1298:2022
1273:2022
1251:2022
1222:2022
1185:2022
1159:2007
1032:2012
973:2015
947:ISSN
906:2019
498:(3Ă—)
478:(3Ă—)
458:(3Ă—)
438:(3Ă—)
224:Tune
145:hymn
139:Text
124:hymn
73:1751
1385:on
317:'s
115:in
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