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task, in which space is not relevant to the task, but which can hinder performance despite its irrelevance. The fact that synesthetes cannot ignore the spatial arrangement of the numbers on the screen demonstrates that numbers are automatically evoking spatial cues. The reaction times for valid cues
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studies have shown that number-form synesthetes are faster to say which of two numbers is larger when the numbers are arranged in a manner consistent with their number-form, suggesting that number forms are automatically evoked. This can be thought of as a spatial
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and involuntarily appears whenever someone who experiences number-forms thinks of numbers. Numbers are mapped into distinct spatial locations and the mapping may be different across individuals. Number forms were first documented and named by Sir
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A number form from one of
Francis Galton's (1888) subjects. Note the convolutions, and how the first 12 digits correspond to a clock face. Number forms are idiosyncratic to the person experiencing them.
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are smaller than invalid cues (words and arrows), but in synesthetes the response time differences for months are larger than those of non-synesthetes.
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and stable across the person's lifespan. Although this form of synesthesia has not been as intensively studied as
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524:"Objective correlates of an unusual subjective experience: A single-case study of number-form synaesthesia"
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It has been suggested that number-forms are a result of cross-activation between regions of the
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Teuscher, Ursina; Brang, David; Ramachandran, Vilayanur S.; Coulson, Seana (October 2010).
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Sagiv, Noam; Simner, Julia; Collins, James; Butterworth, Brian; Ward, Jamie (August 2006).
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Hubbard, Edward M.; Piazza, Manuela; Pinel, Philippe; Dehaene, Stanislas (June 2005).
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313:"What is the relationship between synaesthesia and visuo-spatial number forms?"
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Seron, X.; Pesenti, M.; Noël, M. P.; Deloche, G.; Cornet, J. A. (August 1992).
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This article is about the neurological phenomenon. For
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These number forms can be distinguished from the non-conscious mental
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and P3b responses for arrow (â or â) and word (left or right) cues.
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amplitudes for month cues compared to non-synesthetes, but similar
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255:"Images of numbers, or "When 98 is upper left and 6 sky blue""
368:"SynaesthesiaâA Window Into Perception, Thought and Language"
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411:"Interactions between number and space in parietal cortex"
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Piazza, M.; Pinel, P.; Dehaene, S. (1 December 2006).
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may be too technical for most readers to understand
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116:. Later research has identified them as a type of
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366:Ramachandran, V. S.; Hubbard, E. M. (2001).
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415:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
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177:Differences with number line
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239:The Visions of Sane Persons
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114:The Visions of Sane Persons
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381:(12): 3â34. Archived from
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61:November 2019
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578:Categories
392:2018-02-27
223:References
207:Aphantasia
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