1728:
330:, who also founded Corpus Christi. The community was referred to as "the Motts" by German and English settlers for nearby tree clusters, but was officially known as Nuecestown. It was raided by Mexican bandits in 1875, but recovered and grew to a population of 200 by 1896. After the railroad passed on the town in 1905, it declined, and is today included in the city limits of Corpus Christi. To the north of the bay, the Coleman-Fulton Pasture Company controlled a large segment of San Patricio County for
45:
560:
519:, can be found in the bay, especially near the mouth of Rincon Bayou. Local efforts by the Coastal Bend Bays and Estuaries program have benefited bird populations by adding crushed oyster shells to the bay's small islands for improved nesting conditions, and the restoration of marsh near the Nueces Bay Causeway to increase fish populations to satisfy the birds' dietary requirements. At the nearby Nueces Delta Preserve, countless birds have been observed, as well as
599:'s Encycle Texas Incorporated subsidiary, which operated a zinc refinery at the site from 1942 to 1985. The Nueces Bay Power Station is also believed to have discharged zinc used for coolant until December 2002. Since that time, zinc levels in the bay have been reduced to slightly under 1000 mg/kg, which remains above the healthy levels of 700 mg/kg. The power station has since come under the control of the Topaz Power Group. The
427:, and is part of the geographic transition from the grasslands of the coastal plain to the dry brush region of South Texas. It forms at the base of the Nueces River, which enters at the southwesternmost point of the bay. North of the Nueces entrance is the extension of Odem Bay, named for the nearby settlement of Odem. This extension includes shallow marsh fed by an extensive system of tidal streams including
411:
52:
233:
Nueces Bay formed around 9,000 years ago, as the sea level rose at the conclusion of the last ice age. The sea level stabilized 6,000 years later, shaping the present-day Nueces Bay. The first human inhabitants were the nomadic
Aransas Indians, who settled between the Copano and Baffin Bays about
603:
has established the Total
Maximum Daily Load Program to measure the level of pollutants throughout the Nueces watershed, in an effort to restore the bay to safe levels of contaminants. Pesticides that seep into the bay from the heavy agricultural activity on the north shore can also spur adverse
431:, and is headed by Whites Point to the east. Due south of Whites Point at the mouth of Odem Bay, is an oil field, situated against the backdrop of heavy industry on the shore to the southwest. The southern shore, which continues toward Rincon Point, is slender due to the industrial canal
418:
Nueces Bay covers an area of 28.9 square miles (75 km) and drains the 16,950 square miles (43,900 km) of the Nueces River basin. It has an average depth of 2.3 ft, and a volume of 39,700 acre-feet (49,000,000 m). The bay is considered the southern extreme of the
29:
439:. The mouth of Nueces Bay on Corpus Christi Bay from Rincon Point to Indian Point, is crossed by the mile-long (1.6 km) Nueces Bay Causeway, which leads to Portland. West Portland is found on the shoreline of the bay as it curves north and west, which is lined with
198:, which renders it ecologically and economically vital to the surrounding area. It serves as a habitat for the propagation of fish and shellfish, which sustain diverse species of birds and other wildlife. The bay is threatened by pollution from the
619:, which owns a refinery on the bay, was responsible for a major spill that resulted in the release of 100,000 US gal (380,000 L) of oil, leaving a 12-mile (19 km) slick that seeped into Corpus Christi Bay. The
463:
and two additional state agencies have worked to restore the natural freshwater inflows into the bay. The Odem Bay extension is low in salinity and serves as a nursery for shrimp, which migrate to Nueces Bay in spring.
385:
as an epidemic swept the area and killed 14 people. Rachal used his land to raise cattle, grow cotton, and sell real estate to new settlers. A post office was established at the site in 1892, and was given the name
286:
on the mouth of the Nueces River named Villa de Vedoya. About 50 families were sent to the site in 1749, but they failed to establish a settlement due to a lack of sufficient supplies. Later that century,
225:
and a large complex of marsh formed by the Nueces River delta. Just south of the mouth are the remains of the abandoned
Nuecestown settlement, which is now included in the Corpus Christi city limits.
615:
on the south shore of Nueces Bay. In 1984, about 20,000 US gal (76,000 L) of oil leaked from a broken pipeline, which blackened 5 miles (8.0 km) of the shore. Ten years later,
318:
on the southeastern shore in 1839, is believed to be the first permanent settlement on the bay. It soon grew into a major Texas port with a population of 277,454 at the time of the
374:
company. The town steadily grew and reached a population of 14,827 by 2000. To the northwest of the bay, on the Whites Point peninsula, a settlement was established around 1866 by
1970:
398:
that killed 26 residents (about 50 were killed in
Portland and 47 in Corpus Christi), the post office was closed in 1919, and by the next year, most residents had relocated to
1310:
1007:
623:
fined the company $ 30 million for the spill in 2000, and $ 2.5 million were later given by the company to the state of Texas to improve the bay's water quality.
1114:
217:
Agriculture dominates the northern shore, where many plots of land are still owned by the descendants of early settlers. The largely abandoned historical communities of
2003:
359:
202:
on its southern shore, which prevents oyster farming. Petrochemical production and oil are important to the surrounding economies of the major settlements of
1620:
1096:
1485:
1425:
1998:
1899:
351:
1529:
1459:
378:
91:
366:—on the extreme northeast of the bay—was also established from land purchased from the Coleman-Fulton Pasture Company by future State Senator
1489:
1398:
White, Donald H.; Christine A. Mitchell and Eugene
Cromartie (April 19, 1982). "Nesting Ecology of Roseate Spoonbills at Nueces Bay, Texas".
1567:
2008:
1765:
292:
1713:
1590:
571:
Oil has been pumped from the bay since 1912, but fishing has been a mainstay since humans have inhabited the area. In the early 1970s,
269:
1671:
600:
584:
1321:
1661:
1018:
1879:
1639:
1070:
381:, who had purchased land on the point from the cattle-driving White family. Soon after his purchase, many of the Whites died of
1960:
1118:
596:
1651:
1218:
1251:
1934:
1683:
1627:
595:, are affected by high levels of zinc in the water. The excessive zinc is believed to have been dumped into the bay by the
1282:
1193:
1666:
1522:
460:
1864:
1833:
1656:
375:
1944:
1560:
1742:
1555:
1451:
443:
and residences. The bay leads back west to Whites Point on the north shore, which is largely used for agriculture.
362:. The plots of land in this community are still mostly held by the descendants of the original owners. The town of
620:
77:
1347:
1802:
1727:
1515:
221:
and West
Portland are also located in this area. To the west, the Odem Bay extension is formed, and is fed by
1904:
44:
451:
The Nueces estuary provides an ecosystem for a wide variety of wildlife. However, since the construction of
1939:
391:
395:
1550:
973:
1756:
1747:
183:
264:
or "wastepaper" Bay. It appears to have been first noted on a
Spanish map in 1527 as the mouth of the
1676:
319:
1859:
1610:
1600:
1595:
260:
by
Spanish captain Joaquín de Orobio y Basterra in 1747, and an 1835 map of Texas identified it as
1644:
1373:
641:
1993:
1838:
1828:
1605:
452:
436:
459:, and hurting the natural oyster and shrimp habitat. In response, the City of Corpus Christi,
1914:
1615:
1539:
350:, were involved with the company. They sold a plot of land on the northeast of Nueces Bay to
277:
203:
163:
1965:
1909:
1854:
1823:
1688:
1632:
572:
299:. Germans attempted to settle the same area, but were turned away by the French during the
187:
8:
1889:
544:
420:
339:
296:
947:
917:
890:
863:
836:
809:
782:
731:
701:
671:
1874:
1787:
1407:
612:
576:
540:
455:
in 1985, freshwater inflows have decreased from the Nueces River, increasing the bay's
179:
642:"Prehistoric and Early Historic People and Environment in the Corpus Christi Bay Area"
484:. Such finfish must be protected from excessive freshwater introduction for survival.
303:
in the 1830s. The next decade, a colony for freed slaves was proposed by abolitionist
1818:
1090:
548:
508:
468:
beds are common throughout the bay and are known to be hiding spots for such fish as
273:
253:
1077:. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 2 December 2012
1044:
757:
496:
308:
245:
210:, found on the eastern shore and connected by the Nueces Bay Causeway at the bay's
1708:
1259:
1166:
616:
367:
363:
207:
167:
1884:
1397:
580:
390:
or "little flower" after the names "White Point" and "Rachal" were rejected by
304:
199:
145:
138:
1225:
575:
accounted for a yearly input of $ 17 million to the local economy, while
1987:
592:
532:
504:
492:
488:
424:
343:
218:
106:
93:
1463:
1894:
428:
382:
335:
327:
315:
288:
222:
191:
126:
1507:
564:
559:
536:
399:
371:
347:
256:
in 1689. It is unclear when the name was given to the bay; it was called
252:
that grew along the banks of the Nueces River, noted by
Spanish explorer
1224:. Coastal Bend Bays and Estuaries Program. February 2010. Archived from
1869:
1411:
516:
487:
A diverse collection of birds sustained by the water life, such as the
473:
323:
300:
249:
211:
1311:"One Total Maximum Daily Load for Zinc in Oyster Tissue in Nueces Bay"
1219:"Oyster shell recycling effort enhances Nueces Bay bird nesting sites"
608:
528:
394:. After a 1915 gas explosion and two massive hurricanes, including a
268:
or hidden river, which is believed to be the Nueces. French explorer
235:
1140:
477:
456:
432:
355:
295:
to the site, but decided against the idea due to conflict with the
1797:
1486:"Koch Industries to pay record fine for oil spills in six states"
481:
195:
133:
567:
wades on the waters of Nueces Bay, with industry on the horizon.
1971:
United States
District Court for the Southern District of Texas
524:
520:
465:
1283:"Gregory-Portland nature club gets involved with conservation"
1045:"Water Budget for the Nueces Estuary, Texas, May–October 1998"
500:
469:
410:
331:
282:
272:
sailed into the bay in 1685, mistakenly believing it was the
74:
28:
1252:"Marsh Restoration Project Planned for Nueces Bay Causeway"
588:
587:
suspended the practice, due to an unhealthy annual average
512:
440:
234:
8,000 years ago, until 1300 CE. In the next century, the
322:. In 1852, a settlement was finally established at the
342:, whose names are immortalized by the nearby towns of
238:
arrived, and were present when Europeans came ashore.
591:
level of nearly 2500 mg/kg in oysters, which as
354:, who hired Mexican immigrants to clear the land of
974:"200 or More Dead, $ 10,000,000 Loss in Gulf Storm"
358:trees and founded a ranching community later named
1900:South Texas Botanical Gardens & Nature Center
1194:"Island bird discoveries sure to float your boat"
1985:
1117:. Great Outdoor Recreation Pages. Archived from
1095:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
84:
1460:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1112:
1406:(2). University of California Press: 275–284.
334:during the aftermath of the Texas Revolution.
307:, who had to cancel after the outbreak of the
2004:Bodies of water of San Patricio County, Texas
1523:
1490:United States Environmental Protection Agency
729:
583:was common in the bay until 1995, when the
1537:
1530:
1516:
1374:"Revitalization: Even sky's not the limit"
1249:
725:
723:
1318:Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
1305:
1303:
1173:. Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
1015:Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
941:
939:
601:Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
585:Texas Department of State Health Services
190:Counties of Texas. The bay is fed by the
1042:
807:
776:
774:
665:
663:
558:
409:
1999:Bodies of water of Nueces County, Texas
1714:Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi
1348:"TCEQ meeting to discuss lowering zinc"
1281:Morales, Diane S. (November 15, 2009).
1280:
1258:. Corpus Christi, Texas. Archived from
1108:
1106:
1068:
1002:
1000:
998:
945:
915:
888:
861:
834:
720:
695:
693:
646:Texas Archeological Research Laboratory
611:have occurred as a result of the heavy
579:contributed $ 27.3 million. Commercial
314:Corpus Christi, which was founded as a
270:René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
1986:
1300:
1250:De La Rosa, Manuel (August 23, 2009).
1191:
936:
699:
597:American Smelting and Refining Company
326:of the Nueces River and Nueces Bay by
1511:
1371:
1345:
771:
660:
1935:Corpus Christi International Airport
1426:"Oil spill blackens Texas shoreline"
1103:
995:
954:. Texas State Historical Association
924:. Texas State Historical Association
897:. Texas State Historical Association
870:. Texas State Historical Association
843:. Texas State Historical Association
816:. Texas State Historical Association
789:. Texas State Historical Association
780:
738:. Texas State Historical Association
708:. Texas State Historical Association
690:
678:. Texas State Historical Association
669:
291:discussed the possibility of moving
808:Campbell, James N. (May 30, 2010).
648:. The University of Texas at Austin
639:
461:Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
13:
2009:Geography of Corpus Christi, Texas
1865:Hans and Pat Suter Wildlife Refuge
1462:. October 11, 1994. Archived from
1320:. November 1, 2006. Archived from
1043:Ockerman, D.J. (August 18, 2005).
1008:"Total Maximum Daily Load Program"
781:Long, Christopher (May 30, 2010).
700:Weddle, Robert S. (May 30, 2010).
670:Long, Christopher (May 30, 2010).
293:Nuestra Señora del Refugio Mission
51:
14:
2020:
1372:Foley, Sarah (October 26, 2008).
1192:Yochem, Phyllis (June 30, 2007).
730:Leatherwood, Art (May 30, 2010).
1743:Naval Air Station Corpus Christi
1726:
1256:KIII TV3 – News, Sports, Weather
837:"Coleman-Fulton Pasture Company"
50:
43:
27:
1478:
1444:
1418:
1391:
1365:
1346:Saenz, Israel (July 10, 2006).
1339:
1274:
1243:
1211:
1185:
1159:
1133:
1062:
1036:
1017:. February 2010. Archived from
966:
946:Guthrie, Keith (May 30, 2010).
916:Guthrie, Keith (May 30, 2010).
909:
889:Guthrie, Keith (May 30, 2010).
882:
862:Guthrie, Keith (May 30, 2010).
835:Guthrie, Keith (May 30, 2010).
621:Environmental Protection Agency
423:, which stretches northeast to
178:is a northwestern extension of
1171:Division of Nearshore Research
1113:Scates, Chuck; Phil H. Shook.
1069:Johnson, E.H. (May 30, 2010).
855:
828:
801:
750:
633:
248:for "nuts", and refers to the
1:
1115:"Fly Fishing the Texas Coast"
626:
446:
392:United States Postal Service
276:. Spanish colonial governor
7:
1378:Corpus Christi Caller-Times
1352:Corpus Christi Caller-Times
1287:Corpus Christi Caller-Times
1198:Corpus Christi Caller-Times
554:
405:
16:Bay in Texas, United States
10:
2025:
228:
1953:
1927:
1847:
1811:
1778:
1735:
1724:
1699:
1583:
1576:
1546:
214:with Corpus Christi Bay.
159:
155:
144:
132:
122:
83:
69:
38:
26:
21:
1834:C.C. Rugby Football Club
1075:Handbook of Texas Online
952:Handbook of Texas Online
922:Handbook of Texas Online
918:"Darius Cyriaque Rachal"
895:Handbook of Texas Online
868:Handbook of Texas Online
841:Handbook of Texas Online
814:Handbook of Texas Online
787:Handbook of Texas Online
736:Handbook of Texas Online
706:Handbook of Texas Online
676:Handbook of Texas Online
783:"Corpus Christi, Texas"
604:environmental effects.
1759:City of Corpus Christi
1049:U.S. Geological Survey
864:"West Portland, Texas"
672:"Nueces County, Texas"
568:
453:Choke Canyon Reservoir
437:Port of Corpus Christi
415:
1945:JFK Memorial Causeway
1262:on September 26, 2009
1167:"Nueces Bay Salinity"
1145:Digital-Topo-Maps.com
562:
413:
107:27.85056°N 97.43278°W
33:Nueces Bay from Space
1910:Texas State Aquarium
1855:American Bank Center
1621:Veterans Memorial HS
1430:Anchorage Daily News
983:. September 17, 1919
577:commercial fishermen
573:recreational fishing
545:western diamondbacks
435:to the south to the
194:, forming a natural
1890:One Shoreline Plaza
810:"Nuecestown, Texas"
640:Ricklis, Robert A.
541:Texas spiny lizards
421:Texas Coastal Plain
340:Charles Phelps Taft
258:San Miguel Arcángel
112:27.85056; -97.43278
103: /
1875:Mirador de la Flor
1788:Corpus Christi Bay
1768:Corpus Christi Bay
1591:Corpus Christi ISD
1492:. January 13, 2000
1452:"Nueces Bay Spill"
1141:"Topographic Maps"
981:The New York Times
758:"Google Translate"
613:petroleum industry
569:
416:
180:Corpus Christi Bay
1979:
1978:
1722:
1721:
1672:Tuloso-Midway ISD
891:"Portland, Texas"
549:white-tailed deer
509:roseate spoonbill
414:Map of Nueces Bay
370:with help from a
274:Mississippi River
236:Karankawa Indians
173:
172:
134:Ocean/sea sources
2016:
1730:
1677:Tuloso-Midway HS
1662:Port Aransas ISD
1581:
1580:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1509:
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1502:
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717:
715:
713:
697:
688:
687:
685:
683:
667:
658:
657:
655:
653:
637:
497:great blue heron
309:Texas Revolution
278:José de Escandón
135:
118:
117:
115:
114:
113:
108:
104:
101:
100:
99:
96:
86:
54:
53:
47:
31:
19:
18:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2013:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1949:
1923:
1843:
1807:
1780:
1774:
1731:
1718:
1709:Del Mar College
1701:
1695:
1640:Flour Bluff ISD
1611:Foy H. Moody HS
1601:Richard King HS
1596:Mary Carroll HS
1572:
1542:
1536:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1327:on 25 July 2011
1324:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1279:
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1263:
1248:
1244:
1234:
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1217:
1216:
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1186:
1176:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1121:on 26 June 2010
1111:
1104:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1071:"Coastal Plain"
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1024:on 28 July 2010
1021:
1010:
1006:
1005:
996:
986:
984:
976:
972:
971:
967:
957:
955:
948:"Rosita, Texas"
944:
937:
927:
925:
914:
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900:
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860:
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846:
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728:
721:
711:
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681:
679:
668:
661:
651:
649:
638:
634:
629:
617:Koch Industries
557:
449:
408:
368:John G. Willacy
231:
148: countries
111:
109:
105:
102:
97:
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90:
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34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1929:
1928:Transportation
1925:
1924:
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1921:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1885:Mustang Island
1882:
1877:
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1750:Corpus Christi
1745:
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1648:
1647:
1645:flour Bluff HS
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581:oyster farming
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305:Benjamin Lundy
254:Alonso De León
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200:heavy industry
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1905:Sunrise Mall
1895:Padre Island
1839:C.C. Tritons
1829:C.C. IceRays
1792:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1702:universities
1700:Colleges and
1684:West Oso ISD
1628:Calallen ISD
1616:W. B. Ray HS
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650:. Retrieved
645:
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537:rattlesnakes
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429:Rincon Bayou
417:
387:
383:yellow fever
376:cattledriver
336:David Sinton
328:Henry Kinney
316:trading post
313:
289:missionaries
281:
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241:
240:
232:
223:Rincon Bayou
216:
192:Nueces River
184:San Patricio
175:
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127:Nueces River
1689:West Oso HS
1667:Riviera ISD
1633:Calallen HS
565:great egret
372:New England
320:2000 census
250:pecan trees
160:Settlements
110: /
85:Coordinates
1988:Categories
1954:Government
1870:La Palmera
1824:C.C. Hooks
1793:Nueces Bay
1781:recreation
1770:(T-ARVH-1)
1657:London ISD
1568:Mass media
1551:Government
627:References
609:oil spills
529:feral hogs
517:white ibis
474:black drum
396:1919 storm
338:and later
324:confluence
301:Pastry War
280:planned a
212:confluence
176:Nueces Bay
98:97°25′58″W
95:27°51′02″N
78:Gulf Coast
58:Nueces Bay
22:Nueces Bay
1917:Lexington
1915:USS
1779:Parks and
1761:(SSN-705)
1748:USS
1577:Education
447:Ecosystem
1736:Military
1561:Timeline
1538:City of
1147:. Google
1091:cite web
607:Several
555:Industry
478:flounder
457:salinity
406:Features
364:Portland
356:mesquite
332:ranching
262:Papelote
208:Portland
168:Portland
70:Location
1880:Museums
1860:Bayfest
1848:Tourism
1819:C.C. FC
1798:Oso Bay
1584:Schools
1556:History
1412:4085974
1400:The Auk
1331:26 July
1054:26 July
1028:26 July
682:26 July
652:26 July
525:coyotes
521:bobcats
482:redfish
433:dredged
246:Spanish
229:History
196:estuary
182:in the
1812:Sports
1496:1 July
1470:1 July
1436:1 July
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1383:2 July
1357:1 July
1292:1 July
1266:2 July
1235:2 July
1203:1 July
1177:1 July
1151:1 July
1125:1 July
1081:1 July
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847:2 July
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793:3 June
763:1 July
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712:1 July
547:, and
515:, and
480:, and
466:Oyster
388:Rosita
344:Sinton
242:Nueces
219:Rosita
188:Nueces
73:South
1961:TX 27
1803:Parks
1766:USNS
1408:JSTOR
1325:(PDF)
1314:(PDF)
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501:egret
470:trout
441:piers
283:villa
146:Basin
75:Texas
1757:USS
1498:2010
1472:2010
1438:2010
1385:2010
1359:2010
1333:2010
1294:2010
1268:2010
1237:2010
1205:2010
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1127:2010
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