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With this method, Novardok established in Poland alone no less than seventy yeshivas of varying sizes. Dispatched from the yeshiva base in Białystok, teams would investigate towns and cities and evaluate their suitability for a yeshiva. The extensive
Novardok network supplied half of all the students
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One pupil related that the purpose of these exercises were not to "put yourself down", as is commonly thought. The training, in fact, promoted the opposite; it gave the students the emotional freedom from the chains of public approval. They discovered that the fear of embarrassment was actually much
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Students of
Novardok participated in deliberately humiliating behaviour, such as wearing old, patched clothing, or going to a shop and asking for a product not sold there, such as screws in a bakery. All Novardok students would share their personal belongings with friends to rid themselves of their
233:
The yeshiva opened with ten students. A few months later there were already fifty. A year after the yeshiva's establishment, great criticism was levelled at the study and practice of Mussar, and the opponents of that philosophy sought to close the yeshiva. They didn't succeed. By 1899, the yeshiva
191:
An extension of
Novardok's unconventional approach entailed the establishment of numerous branches of the yeshiva. The most elite students of the yeshiva would set out on foot to strange communities without money in their pockets, simultaneously abstaining from speech and not asking for a ride or
174:
and the physical world. Through this, the complete and total focus of a person can be on his spiritual and intellectual side. Like other Mussar schools, Novardok demanded the complete shattering of personal desires, eradicating any vestige of evil habits. For that purpose, students would carry
490:, which in its heyday, had 40 schools and 6,000 students. Though "Rabenou Guerchon" as he is known in France had founded numerous yeshivos before the war, and had even managed to keep one going during the war, the Beth Yosef-France network found its origins within the newly liberated camp of
175:
notebooks, in which they would daily enter records of failures and achievements. Before bedtime, they would check their "bookkeeping" and make plans-of-action for correcting faults. One method of "breaking" oneself was by denying oneself extra pleasures of this world.
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students, Rabbi Ben Tzion Bruk opened a branch of the
Yeshiva in Jerusalem in the 1930s. The Yeshiva was called Bais Yoseph Novardok. Today, it is headed by his son and grandson, Rabbi Yitzchok Bruk and Rabbi Avrohom Bruk, respectively.
444:
Following Rabbi
Nekritz's death and Rabbi Yaakov Yoffen's passing in 2003, the leadership of the Brooklyn-based yeshiva fell to their sons, Rabbi Mordechai Yoffen and Rabbi Tzvi Nekritz. They chose to move the Yeshiva to the
350:
A group of students from the
Novardok yehiva were deported as a group by the Soviet Union to internment camps in Siberia, and largely remained together as a group during their internment. Their experiences are recounted in
221:
456:
The
Jerusalem branch is headed by Rabbi Shmuel and Rabbi Eitan Yoffen, sons of Rabbi Aaron Yoffen. However, the latter is primarily a high level talmudic professor in the Chevron Yeshiva (Knesset Yisrael) of Jerusalem .
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demanded from it, but the students would refuse to come. There were stories in the yeshiva about the soldiers threatening students at gunpoint, only to have the student respond that the soldier was powerless before God.
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ordered his students to cross the border into Poland. this was a top secret operation that not even the parents knew about. Many of the students were shot in the attempt; others were sent to
388:. Several Novardok yeshivas were established after the Holocaust. However, most of the post-World War II yeshivas are run as regular yeshivas, without the unique Novardok way of education.
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where he re-established the yeshiva. The faculty consisted of Rabbi Yoffen as dean, his son, Rabbi Yaakov Yoffen as a lecturer, and his son-in-law Rabbi Yehuda Leib
Nekritz as
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at
Yeshiva University Archives, a collection of correspondence documenting Cogan's time studying at Novardok from 1937 until just before the German invasion of Poland in 1939.
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1971:
1951:
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418:. Under the leadership of the younger Rabbi Yoffen and Rabbi Nekritz, the Brooklyn branch continued to thrive and became renowned as a center for advanced
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1908:
1714:
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494:. Relocating to various DP camps, and then through several French cities, the yeshiva became a mainstay of the French Jewish community until today.
425:
Following Rabbi
Avraham Yoffen's passing in 1970, leadership of the Jerusalem branch was assumed by his grandson, Rabbi Aaron Yoffen, editor of the
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and mussar. In time, though, he appointed others to deliver the Gemara shiurim, while he focused on developing the mussar aspect of the yeshiva.
1415:
1837:
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950:
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Reb Gershon would travel to Morocco to recruit Jewish students, whose only other option for Jewish education were the irreligious
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greater than the reality. This strengthened their confidence to do the right thing, oblivious to what others might think.
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276:. Aside from functioning as a yeshiva, it also served as a safe house for young bochurim, seeking refuge from the war.
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a book published in 2020 by Artscroll Publishing, a major publisher of numerous books on Jewish history.
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A significant, additional network of Novardok Yeshivas was founded after World War II in France by Rabbi
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2276:
2180:
2142:
483:, named after the Alter's mussar compendium, headed by Rabbi Yoffen's grandson, Rabbi Moshe Faskowitz.
441:. Yearly, Rabbi Yaakov Jofen would travel to Jerusalem to teach the students of his father's yeshiva.
43:. It was the first of hundreds of a network of Musar yeshivas that were all called Novardok yeshivas.
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472:, son-in-law of Rabbi Yehuda Leib Nekritz. The yeshiva is named after Rabbi Yoffen's book,
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757:
by Rabbi Shlomo Weintraub, translated from Hebrew, Artscroll Mesorah Publications, 2020,.
8:
1956:
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134:
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754:
The Alter of Novardok: The life of Rav Yosef Yoizel Horowitz and his worldwide impact,
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The Alter of Novardok: The life of Rav Yosef Yoizel Horowitz and his worldwide impact,
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338:, which was the name of all Novardok yeshivas in Poland, supervised 30 other
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Another branch in the footsteps of Novardok is Yeshiva Madreigas HaAdam in
469:
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In 1919, when the Yeshiva was fleeing the war and was stationed in Kiev, a
249:
193:
81:
Novardok established yeshivas all over the region, in major cities such as
66:, like whom he was an advocate of the Mussar approach. He was known as the
59:
36:
2170:
331:
1847:
527:
334:, the biggest Yeshiva in Poland between the two world wars. This yeshiva
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226:
146:
47:
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411:
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Novardok had its own unique outlook, stressing the total negation of
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survived the Holocaust, came to the United States, and settled in
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During the outbreak of World War I, the Yeshiva moved en-masse to
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126:
110:
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32:
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neighborhood of Brooklyn, and bring in Rabbi Yaakov Drillman of
2220:
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1224:
476:. Rabbi Perr led the yeshiva until he passed away in May 2024.
311:
261:
150:
51:
865:"A Conversation with Rav Chaim Halpern of Armentières-en-Brie"
838:"A Conversation with Rav Chaim Halpern of Armentières-en-Brie"
314:
outbreak occurred in the Yeshiva. The Alter succumbed to it.
273:
197:
50:, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire in 1896, together with a
384:, all Novardok yeshivas in Europe were wiped out during the
82:
237:
Some students came to Novardok yeshiva from as far as the
618:
1295:
691:"Rav Yosef Yoizel Horowitz ZT"L The Alter of Novardok"
609:
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even food. Upon reaching a town, they would enter the
380:
which is officially called "Yeshivas Beis Yosef" of
2547:
Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus
2641:History of the Jews in the Second Polish Republic
2567:
460:Also influenced by the Novardok movement is the
410:During the 1960s, Rabbi Avraham Yoffen moved to
684:
682:
680:
54:for married men, under the direction of Rabbi
2052:
1281:
944:
307:, but six hundred made it across the border.
287:
2621:Educational institutions established in 1896
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
862:
835:
677:
414:and established a branch of his yeshiva in
2059:
2045:
1288:
1274:
951:
937:
330:, was the head of the Novardok yeshiva in
160:
31:was one of the largest and most important
2636:1896 establishments in the Russian Empire
814:
643:
619:Weintraub, Rabbi Shlomo (February 2020).
345:
746:
723:
220:
125:, his students also created Yeshivas in
14:
2601:Jews and Judaism in the Russian Empire
2568:
2075:History of Jews and Judaism in Belarus
836:Frankfurter, Yitzchok (Sep 15, 2013).
267:
196:, and without a word to anyone, study
2040:
1269:
932:
789:
2524:Minsk Ghetto resistance organization
817:"Novardok in the French Countryside"
729:
371:
1153:Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)
186:
165:
24:
2626:Pre–World War II European yeshivas
2616:Orthodox yeshivas in New York City
1297:Pre–World War II European Yeshivos
958:
808:
660:
603:
317:
25:
2652:
2471:Extermination sites and massacres
688:
504:
179:desires for worldly possessions.
2079:
2067:
2023:
2022:
1899:Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary
1252:
1251:
790:Avner, Esther Leah (June 2011).
768:"Rav Yechiel Yitzchok Perr zt"l"
630:Guide to the Leo J. Cogan Papers
216:
907:
883:
815:Tuchmayer, Avi (Sep 15, 2013).
717:"LibGuides: Yizkor Books: Home"
663:"What I Remember of Novogrudok"
612:History of the Novardok Yeshiva
46:The yeshiva was established in
39:Europe, and a force within the
856:
782:
760:
709:
499:Alliance Israélite Universelle
13:
1:
1843:Avraham Shmuel Binyamin Sofer
636:
2457:Davidovka concentration camp
863:Frankfurter (Sep 15, 2013).
610:Leib Nekritz, Rabbi Yehuda.
378:Gateshead Talmudical College
358:
294:Bolshevik takeover of Russia
7:
2606:Orthodox yeshivas in Europe
2596:Orthodox Judaism in Belarus
2519:Słonim Ghetto Jewish revolt
595:Yera'hmiel Eliyahu Botschko
256:of the yeshiva, delivering
234:had swelled to 200 pupils.
74:term meaning "the elder of
10:
2657:
2366:Tomchei Tmimim − Lubavitch
2277:Choral synagogue (Vitebsk)
2181:General Jewish Labour Bund
288:Escape to Poland; Kiev era
211:
208:'s other famous yeshivas.
2591:Jewish Belarusian history
2541:
2501:
2470:
2445:
2385:
2374:
2314:
2260:
2244:
2233:
2191:
2163:
2099:
2088:
2020:
1999:
1927:
1919:Yeshivas Chachmei Tzorfas
1879:
1870:
1828:
1805:
1798:
1771:
1728:
1690:
1683:
1656:Yisroel Yaakov Lubchansky
1641:
1603:Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik
1538:Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin
1528:
1455:
1448:
1406:
1348:
1310:
1303:
1249:
1233:
1197:
1181:
1130:
1085:
1039:
973:
966:
564:Yisroel Yaakov Lubchansky
556:Rabbi Yehuda Leib Nekritz
2272:Choral Synagogue (Brest)
2252:Great Synagogue (Grodno)
2007:Yeshivas in World War II
1743:Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky
540:Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky
2554:List of Belarusian Jews
2302:Zaniomanskaja Synagogue
2287:Cold Synagogue, Mogilev
1987:Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg
1972:Nachman Dovid Landinski
1710:Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva
1368:Moshe Mordechai Epstein
1072:Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg
1047:Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler
915:"The Alter of Novardok"
559:Rabbi Yitzchak Orlansky
462:Yeshiva of Far Rockaway
279:The Yeshiva would have
161:The Novardok philosophy
2514:Łachwa Ghetto uprising
2209:Jewish Communist Party
1967:Avrohom Eliyahu Kaplan
1952:Chaim Yitzchok Chaiken
1929:Notable roshei yeshiva
1830:Notable roshei yeshiva
1753:David Moshe Rabinowicz
1730:Notable roshei yeshiva
1530:Notable roshei yeshiva
1495:Pinsk Yeshiva-Novardok
1358:Avraham Yitzchak Bloch
1350:Notable roshei yeshiva
1173:Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim
1067:Nosson Meir Wachtfogel
1062:Chaim Leib Shmuelevitz
534:Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman
466:Far Rockaway, New York
376:With the exception of
346:Deportation to Siberia
230:
2611:Yeshivas of Lithuania
2356:Slutsk-Kletsk Yeshiva
2282:Cold Synagogue, Minsk
1982:Shraga Feivel Shapiro
1543:Eliezer Yehuda Finkel
1510:Slutsk-Kletsk Yeshiva
1158:Mir Yeshiva (Belarus)
1086:Contemporary thinkers
770:. Matzav. May 4, 2024
730:Ginsburg, Mordechai.
614:(condensed ed.).
224:
1977:Moshe Yitzchak Segal
1608:Chaim Leib Tiktinsky
1578:Isser Zalman Meltzer
1573:Boruch Ber Leibowitz
1057:Yechezkel Levenstein
794:. Brand Name Books.
732:"The Musar movement"
451:Yeshiva Chaim Berlin
225:Building yeshiva in
155:Piotrków Trybunalski
121:. Influenced by the
58:, an alumnus of the
2586:Yeshivas of Belarus
2448:Concentration camps
1957:Azriel Hildesheimer
1786:Yehuda Leib Nekritz
1700:Keser Torah Radomsk
1623:Yitzhak of Volozhin
1548:Yosef Yozel Horwitz
1398:Yitzchak Isaac Sher
1006:Yosef Yozel Horwitz
895:Yeshiva Beth Yossef
599:Rabbi Yehuda Mandel
468:, founded by Rabbi
453:as a Rosh Yeshiva.
268:Relocation to Gomel
248:served as both the
62:and pupil of Rabbi
56:Yosef Yozel Horwitz
2631:Yeshivas of Poland
2483:Dzyatlava massacre
2326:Baranovich Yeshiva
1962:David Zvi Hoffmann
1904:Manchester Yeshiva
1858:Shmuel Dovid Ungar
1853:Simcha Bunim Sofer
1773:Notable mashgichim
1661:Yosef Leib Nenedik
1643:Notable mashgichim
1628:Elchonon Wasserman
1598:Chaim Soloveitchik
1558:Elya Baruch Kammai
1553:Yisrael Meir Kagan
1465:Baranovich Yeshiva
1408:Notable mashgichim
1388:Tzvi Hersh Levitan
1373:Nosson Tzvi Finkel
1016:Reuven Dov Dessler
996:Nosson Tzvi Finkel
792:Learn, Live, Teach
661:Gutman, Shlomo M.
326:son-in-law, Rabbi
231:
157:and other places.
135:Kamieniec-Podolski
68:Alter fun Novardok
2563:
2562:
2537:
2536:
2529:Zhetler Battalion
2509:Bielski partisans
2310:
2309:
2229:
2228:
2034:
2033:
1995:
1994:
1914:Torah Lehranstalt
1909:Montreaux Yeshiva
1889:Gateshead Yeshiva
1866:
1865:
1820:Pressburg Yeshiva
1794:
1793:
1738:Aryeh Tzvi Frumer
1715:Mesivta of Warsaw
1679:
1678:
1618:Chaim of Volozhin
1444:
1443:
1436:Yeruchom Levovitz
1320:Kelm Talmud Torah
1263:
1262:
1241:Mashgiach ruchani
1205:Jewish meditation
1163:Kelm Talmud Torah
1126:
1125:
1103:Geoffrey Claussen
1011:Yeruchom Levovitz
1001:Naftali Amsterdam
986:Simcha Zissel Ziv
801:978-965-7552-00-1
622:Alter of Navordok
517:Yehezkel Abramsky
433:'s commentary to
427:Mossad Harav Kook
405:Mashgiach ruchani
372:Post World War II
131:Mohyliv-Podilskyi
109:(now Volgograd),
16:(Redirected from
2648:
2576:Novardok Yeshiva
2555:
2548:
2449:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2361:Volozhin Yeshiva
2346:Novardok Yeshiva
2336:Kaminetz Yeshiva
2318:
2292:Slonim Synagogue
2264:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2216:Hashomer Hatzair
2128:Chabad-Lubavitch
2103:
2097:
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2092:
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2038:
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2026:
2025:
2000:Related articles
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1876:
1803:
1802:
1781:Moshe Rosenstain
1748:Meir Dan Plotzky
1720:Novardok Yeshiva
1688:
1687:
1515:Volozhin Yeshiva
1490:Novardok Yeshiva
1475:Kaminetz Yeshiva
1453:
1452:
1431:Ben Zion Kranitz
1363:Yosef Leib Bloch
1335:Slabodka Yeshiva
1330:Ramailes Yeshiva
1325:Ponevezh Yeshiva
1308:
1307:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1255:
1254:
1189:Musar literature
1148:Novardok Yeshiva
1026:Moshe Rosenstain
981:Yisroel Salanter
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693:. Archived from
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675:
674:
672:
670:
658:
626:
615:
577:Irving Greenberg
187:Novardok network
166:Self-improvement
64:Yisrael Salanter
29:Novardok Yeshiva
21:
18:Novardok yeshiva
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2655:
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2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2645:
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2559:
2553:
2546:
2533:
2497:
2488:Maly Trostenets
2466:
2447:
2441:
2387:
2376:
2370:
2316:
2306:
2297:Wołpa Synagogue
2262:
2256:
2235:
2225:
2187:
2159:
2101:
2090:
2084:
2074:
2065:
2035:
2030:
2016:
2012:Vaad HaYeshivos
1991:
1937:Eliyahu Botchko
1923:
1872:
1862:
1824:
1790:
1767:
1724:
1675:
1666:Zalman Dolinsky
1637:
1588:David Rappoport
1568:Moshe Landynski
1524:
1440:
1426:Dov Tzvi Heller
1402:
1393:Israel Salanter
1344:
1299:
1294:
1264:
1259:
1245:
1229:
1193:
1177:
1122:
1118:Hillel Goldberg
1081:
1052:Gershon Liebman
1040:Postwar leaders
1035:
991:Yitzchak Blazer
962:
957:
927:
926:
913:
912:
908:
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897:
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668:
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659:
644:
639:
606:
604:Further reading
552:Yaakov Galinsky
546:Gershon Liebman
507:
488:Gershon Liebman
429:edition of the
374:
361:
348:
320:
318:Interwar period
290:
270:
219:
214:
189:
168:
163:
91:Nizhny Novgorod
41:Mussar movement
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2654:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Musar movement
2578:
2561:
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2550:
2542:
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2363:
2358:
2353:
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2331:Grodno Yeshiva
2328:
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2320:
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2308:
2307:
2305:
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2299:
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2206:
2195:
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2185:
2184:
2183:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2161:
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2157:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2116:Musar Movement
2107:
2105:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Solomon Breuer
1939:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
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1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
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1864:
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1792:
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1789:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1763:Avraham Yoffen
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1671:Sheftel Kramer
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1651:Shlomo Harkavy
1647:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1583:Pesach Pruskin
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1520:Tomchei Tmimim
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Slonim Yeshiva
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1480:Kobrin Yeshiva
1477:
1472:
1470:Grodno Yeshiva
1467:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1378:Eliezer Gordon
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1340:Telshe Yeshiva
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1278:
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1230:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1168:Hebron Yeshiva
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1021:Eliezer Gordon
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
977:
975:
974:Prewar leaders
968:
964:
963:
960:Musar movement
956:
955:
948:
941:
933:
925:
924:
906:
882:
871:(136): 161–162
855:
844:(136): 155–164
825:(136): 140–151
807:
800:
781:
759:
745:
722:
708:
676:
641:
640:
638:
635:
634:
633:
627:
616:
605:
602:
601:
600:
597:
591:
585:
583:Nachman Kahane
579:
572:
571:
567:
566:
560:
557:
554:
548:
542:
536:
530:
525:
519:
512:
511:
506:
505:Notable alumni
503:
393:Avraham Yoffen
373:
370:
360:
357:
347:
344:
328:Avraham Yoffen
319:
316:
289:
286:
269:
266:
244:At first, The
218:
215:
213:
210:
206:Eastern Europe
188:
185:
167:
164:
162:
159:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2653:
2642:
2639:
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2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
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2549:
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2543:
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2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2493:Slutsk affair
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
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2405:
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2400:
2398:
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2392:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2377:The Holocaust
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:Radin Yeshiva
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
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2285:
2283:
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2278:
2275:
2273:
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2259:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2238:
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2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2029:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Joseph Breuer
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1894:Heide Yeshiva
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1859:
1856:
1854:
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1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1815:Nitra Yeshiva
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
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1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:Lomza Yeshiva
1703:
1701:
1698:
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1686:
1682:
1672:
1669:
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1586:
1584:
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1579:
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1569:
1566:
1564:
1563:Aharon Kotler
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:Radin Yeshiva
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
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1447:
1437:
1434:
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1429:
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1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Shlomo Heiman
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
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1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1210:Jewish ethics
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1186:
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1180:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:Lomza Yeshiva
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
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1094:
1091:
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1038:
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1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
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997:
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989:
987:
984:
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976:
972:
969:
965:
961:
954:
949:
947:
942:
940:
935:
934:
931:
920:
919:Artscroll.com
916:
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811:
803:
797:
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785:
769:
763:
756:
755:
749:
733:
726:
718:
712:
697:on 2012-02-04
696:
692:
685:
683:
681:
664:
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631:
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569:
568:
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561:
558:
555:
553:
549:
547:
543:
541:
537:
535:
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:Meir Bar-Ilan
520:
518:
514:
513:
509:
508:
502:
500:
495:
493:
492:Bergen-Belsen
489:
484:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
454:
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448:
442:
440:
436:
432:
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285:
282:
277:
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265:
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259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
235:
228:
223:
217:Early history
209:
207:
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184:
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176:
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158:
156:
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148:
144:
140:
136:
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128:
124:
120:
116:
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108:
104:
100:
96:
95:Rostov-on-Don
92:
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
2345:
2078:
2072:
1758:Meir Shapiro
1719:
1633:Shabsi Yogel
1613:Naftoli Trop
1593:Shimon Shkop
1489:
1421:Meir Chadash
1416:Leib Chasman
1147:
1138:Kovno Kollel
1108:Alan Morinis
1098:Ira F. Stone
1093:Yechiel Perr
1077:Shlomo Wolbe
1031:Naftoli Trop
918:
909:
898:. Retrieved
894:
885:
873:. Retrieved
868:
858:
846:. Retrieved
841:
827:. Retrieved
820:
810:
791:
784:
772:. Retrieved
762:
753:
748:
736:. Retrieved
734:. p. 33
725:
711:
699:. Retrieved
695:the original
667:. Retrieved
665:. p. 39
625:. Artscroll.
620:
611:
589:Yechiel Perr
496:
485:
478:
474:Derech Ayson
473:
470:Yechiel Perr
459:
455:
443:
424:
416:Meah Shearim
409:
390:
375:
364:
362:
352:
349:
339:
335:
323:
321:
309:
305:prison camps
297:
291:
278:
271:
250:rosh yeshiva
245:
243:
236:
232:
229:, 9 May 1920
202:
194:Beth Midrash
190:
181:
177:
169:
122:
80:
67:
60:Kovno Kollel
45:
37:World War II
28:
26:
2478:Bronna Góra
2341:Mir Yeshiva
1848:Moses Sofer
1838:Akiva Sofer
1485:Mir Yeshiva
1113:David Jaffe
528:Chaim Grade
363:One of the
2570:Categories
2502:Resistance
2462:Koldichevo
2236:Synagogues
2204:Komverband
2199:Poale Zion
2138:Lechovitch
900:2022-04-12
689:Sofer, D.
637:References
575:Rabbi Dr.
481:Queens, NY
342:yeshivas.
340:Beis Yosef
336:Beis Yosef
292:After the
281:conscripts
227:Novogrudok
48:Novogrudok
2407:Dzyatlava
2111:Misnagdim
1304:Lithuania
1198:Practices
891:"Yeshiva"
501:schools.
422:studies.
412:Jerusalem
386:Holocaust
382:Gateshead
359:In Israel
332:Białystok
254:mashgiach
139:Berdichev
119:Chernihiv
107:Tsaritsyn
103:Berdychiv
2317:Yeshivas
2171:Haskalah
2143:Koidanov
2102:Orthodox
2028:Category
1881:Yeshivos
1807:Yeshivos
1799:Slovakia
1692:Yeshivos
1457:Yeshivos
1312:Yeshivos
1257:Category
1220:Teshuvah
1215:Tzedakah
1131:Yeshivot
570:New York
447:Flatbush
420:Talmudic
401:New York
397:Brooklyn
302:Siberian
239:Caucasus
143:Nikolaev
99:Zhytomyr
76:Novardok
33:yeshivas
2388:Ghettos
2245:Current
2192:Zionist
2176:Bundism
2164:Secular
2123:Hasidim
1871:Western
1449:Belarus
738:Oct 21,
701:Feb 14,
669:Oct 21,
439:Nedarim
435:Yevamot
365:Alter's
324:Alter's
258:shiurim
212:History
127:Kherson
111:Saratov
87:Kharkiv
72:Yiddish
35:in pre-
2437:Slonim
2417:Lakhva
2412:Kobryn
2402:Grodno
2263:Former
2221:Tarbut
2148:Slonim
2133:Karlin
2091:Groups
1873:Europe
1684:Poland
1225:Niggun
967:People
875:Jan 2,
848:Nov 2,
829:Nov 2,
798:
774:May 5,
593:Rabbi
587:Rabbi
581:Rabbi
562:Rabbi
550:Rabbi
544:Rabbi
538:Rabbi
532:Rabbi
521:Rabbi
515:Dayan
510:Europe
391:Rabbi
312:typhus
296:, the
262:Gemara
151:Odessa
117:, and
115:Plogid
52:Kollel
2432:Pinsk
2427:Rakaŭ
2422:Minsk
2397:Brest
2153:Amdur
1234:Terms
1182:Books
431:Ritva
298:Alter
274:Gomel
246:Alter
198:Torah
147:Bălţi
123:Alter
877:2023
850:2016
831:2016
796:ISBN
788:See
776:2024
740:2016
703:2012
671:2016
437:and
322:The
252:and
83:Kyiv
70:, a
27:The
869:Ami
842:Ami
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