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311:, who was director from 1973 to 1975, is credited with "getting sponsorship, recruiting more steel bands, reggae groups and sound systems, introducing generators and extending the route." He encouraged traditional masquerade, and for the first time in 1973 costume bands and steel bands from the various islands took part in the street parade, alongside the introduction of stationary sound systems, as distinct from those on moving floats, which, as
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emphasize the "baseness" of the music, with everything being about the "bottom": the ground, the bottom of the body, and the bottom of the beat. The festival uses influences from the
Jamaican dancehalls and British clubs, and the music is made loud enough for participants to feel the beat. The vibrations from the speakers allow people to better connect with the ground and bring their experience to another level.
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after discovering pickpockets in the crowd, police took a heavy-handed approach against the large congregation of black people and it became "no-man's land". The 1600-strong police force violently broke up the carnival, with the arrest of 60 people. In the aftermath of the event, the carnival was portrayed in a very pointed way, with those aiding the riots lumped together as the "trouble-makers" responsible.
617:, criticised authorities for not addressing safety issues involved in over a million people attending a small inner-city residential area, quoting the Met Police spokesman Dave Musker, who in November 2016 said: "Each year … we come exceptionally close to a major catastrophic failure of public safety where members of the public will suffer serious injury."
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The 2008 Carnival was marred by rioting at the very end of the weekend, involving about 40 youths battling with police, and more than 300 people were arrested. The carnival has come under criticism for its cost to the London taxpayer, with the cost of policing the event more than £6,000,000; however,
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Since the carnival did not have local authority permission, initial police involvement was aimed at preventing it taking place at all, which resulted in regular confrontation and riots. In 1976, the police had been expecting hostility due to what they deemed as trouble the year before. Consequently,
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and indulged in vulgar acts. It allowed people a space to free-up but it was banned for moral reasons and for the antiauthoritarian behaviour that went on like stoning of constables. Carnival allowed people to dramatise their grievances against the authorities on the street... Notting Hill
Carnival
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This mixture of percussion, with emphasis on the beat and rhythm, leads to the extreme dancing in the streets for which
Carnival is known, with citizens participating to the beat of the music, using mud and paint, dancing with the lower parts of the body. Henriques and Ferrara explain that people
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In recent years, there has been much less serious trouble, and it is generally viewed very positively by the authorities as a dynamic celebration of London's multicultural diversity, though dominated by the
Caribbean culture. However, there has been controversy over the public safety aspects of
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Since 1987 there have been eight deaths related to violence at carnival: Michael
Augustine Galvin (23) on 30 August 1987, Nicholas John Hanscomb (38) on 26 August 1991, Greg Fitzgerald Watson (21) on 28 August 2000, Abdul Munam Bhatti (28) on 28 August 2000, Lee Christopher Surbaran (27) on 30
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The authors of the same article further explain how
Notting Hill Carnival also creates "territory". The parade route portion of the Carnival is where carnival floats play both recorded and live music and circulate the street, visualizing the boundaries of Carnival and marking its territory. The
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has been resisted. Some crimes associated with the carnival have taken place on its periphery: in 2007, two teenagers were wounded in separate shooting incidents just outside the carnival area on the Monday evening; however, police said there had been a decline in the number of carnival-linked
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pressed for the introduction of riot shields to protect police from objects thrown at them, although the shields also had the potential for aggressive use, as in 1977. A change of policy came after a confrontation in 1987, when the
Carnival was allowed to take place with police adopting a more
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By 1976, the event had become definitely
Caribbean in flavour, with around 150,000 people attending. However, in that year and several subsequent years, the carnival was marred by riots, in which predominantly Caribbean youths fought with police – a target due to the continuous harassment the
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The
Carnival further diversified in 1984 with the appearance of the London School of Samba. Formed in that year, they were the first samba school in the UK and have paraded every year since (with the exception of 1992). Other samba schools have also paraded in Carnival, notably Acadêmicos de
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has explained, "created the bridge between the two cultures of carnival, reggae and calypso." "Notting Hill
Carnival became a major festival in 1975 when it was organised by a young teacher, Leslie Palmer." The carnival was also popularised by live radio broadcasts by Pascall on his daily
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During the 2018 event, due to the rising levels of violent crime in London, police deployed metal detectors to prevent weapons being brought to the event. During the event, 30 police officers were injured in the line of duty, 36 weapons were confiscated and 373 arrests were made by the
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In the three weeks running up to the 2017 event, the police made 656 arrests, a pre-emptive crackdown. There were 313 arrests during the two days of the 2017 Carnival, compared with 454 the previous year. On both days, a minute's silence in tribute to the victims of the
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in Brooklyn. They also explain that Notting Hill Carnival is dually influenced by its diasporic cultures and its own country's influences. Henriques and Ferrara claim: "Carnival also has an explosive auditory impact due to its cacophony of sounds, in which
351:, setting up a Carnival Review Group to look into "formulating guidelines to safeguard the future of the Carnival". An interim report by the review resulted in a change to the route in 2002. When the full report was published in 2004, it recommended that
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population felt they were under. During this period, there was considerable press coverage of the disorder, which some felt took an unfairly negative and one-sided view of the carnival. For a while it looked as if the event would be banned.
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251:, who was not aware of the indoor events when she first raised the idea. This festival was a more diverse Notting Hill event to promote cultural unity. A street party for neighbourhood children turned into a carnival procession when
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circulating movement of the Carnival parade is also an extending of space through sound. Territorializing the space through sounds of African beats, such as the pan, fosters a sense of identity and unity for the overall Carnival.
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to the United Kingdom, and brought what is thought to be the very first sound system to the Notting Hill Carnival in 1973, which paved the way for the many sound systems that operate at carnival today. Duke Vin became a legend in
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be used as a "savannah" (an open space to draw crowds away from residential areas), though the proposal of such a move attracted concerns, including that the Hyde Park event might overshadow the original street carnival.
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Madureira (1992–94), Quilombo do Samba (1993–2006) and the Paraiso School of Samba (since 2002). These groups are also notable as they sometimes parade with more than 200 performers, along with several decorated floats.
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This huge street festival attracts around one million people every year to Notting Hill and highlights Caribbean and Black diasporic cultures. Carnival uses influences from many other festivals around the world. Authors
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district of the area), has been the carnival's traditional starting point. Among the early bands to participate were Ebony Steelband and Metronomes Steelband. As the carnival had no permanent staff and head office, the
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In 2016 there were over 450 arrests, and five people were hurt in four knife attacks; however, the commander in charge of policing carnival, David Musker, said that the number of arrests had been inflated by the new
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In 2015, there was controversy when the Carnival Trust charged journalists £100 to cover the event, and demanded copies of all work produced relating to the event within three weeks of the end of the Carnival. The
414:, although free live-streamed events were shown online across four channels. On 18 June 2021, it was announced that the 2021 Carnival would not take place either, due to "ongoing uncertainty and Covid-19 risk".
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organised a boycott of the event. In 2016 the charge remained; however, in June 2017, the Carnival's new event management team introduced a revised media policy, with no request for any accreditation fees.
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For 2014, a Notting Hill Carnival illustrated guide was created by official city guide to London visitlondon.com. The infographic includes Carnival tips, transport information and a route map. The book
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August 2004, Takayo Nembhard (also known as rapper TKorStretch, 21) on 29 August 2022 and two deaths during NHC 2024 - a 32 year old female who was stabbed and a 41 year old male who was assaulted.
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During the 2024 Festival, 334 people were arrested and 8 people were stabbed, with 3 left with life threatening conditions. Two people died following two separate attacks during the carnival.
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232:, the Trinidad All Stars and Hi–fi steel bands dance troupe, finishing with a Caribbean Carnival Queen beauty contest and a Grand Finale Jump-Up by West Indians who attended the event.
255:'s steel band (who had played at the earlier Claudia Jones events) went on a walkabout. By 1970, "the Notting Hill Carnival consisted of 2 music bands, the Russell Henderson Combo and
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conciliatory approach. During the 2000 Carnival, two men were murdered; and future policing, while conciliatory, resulted in police deployment in large numbers: upwards of 11,000.
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Many carnival artists who created costumes and floats for Bands and Samba Schools have left their mark. Amongst them are: Ms Salandy - Mohogany Carnival Carl Gabriel Ray Mahabir.
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519:, Notting Hill Carnival has historically struggled to gain any live coverage outside of local media. The majority of carnival live broadcasts have been traditionally on
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The roots of the Notting Hill Carnival that took shape in the mid-1960s had two separate but connected strands. A "Caribbean Carnival" was held on 30 January 1959 in
554:'s Carnival Review Group's report (published in 2004,) led to the parades taking a circular rather than linear route, but a recommendation to relocate the event in
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in Britain, and played at Notting Hill Carnival with his sound system, "Duke Vin the Tickler's", every year from the year it was founded until his death in 2012.
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found that "Nine out of ten residents living along the route of the Notting Hill Carnival flee their homes to escape the 'frightening and intimidating' event."
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1129:("Debora Alleyne De Gazon, creative director of the London Notting Hill Carnival Enterprises Trust, clears up the confusion about the year the event began"),
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in the 18th century were moments of great festivity and release. There was juggling, pickpocketing, whoring, drinking, masquerade – people dressed up as the
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In 2016, when the Golden Jubilee of Notting Hill Carnival was celebrated, 42 hours of live video coverage was broadcast by music live-streaming platform
2926:"Police informer is jailed for perjury over knife murder: Testimony led to man's life sentence for killing of stallholder at 1987 Notting Hill Carnival"
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1465:"Visionaries, Pioneers, Apostles and Healers: The Contribution of Migrants from Trinidad and Tobago to the Development of Black Britain, 1948 to 1986"
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In collaboration with the London Free School Laslett was instrumental in bringing about Notting Hill's first multicultural street festival in 1966
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community, and attracts around two million people annually, making it one of the world's largest street festivals, and a significant event in
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574:. The victim was one of 86 people who were taken to hospital. In total 245 people were detained by police over the two days of the carnival.
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it is argued that this should be put into context since the carnival is estimated to bring approximately £93,000,000 into the local economy.
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from the Rampage, Deviation, Aba Shanti-I, Channel One, Nasty Love, Saxon Sound, King Tubbys, Gladdy Wax and Disya Jeneration soundsystems.
265:, full name Vincent George Forbes, is credited as being a co-founder of Notting Hill Carnival, having brought the first sound system to the
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found that while 6% of businesses reported an upturn in trade, many others boarded up their shopfronts and lost business due to closure.
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https://www.timeout.com/london/news/i-am-known-as-a-wire-man-meet-pioneering-notting-hill-carnival-sculptor-carl-gabriel-082820
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487:, steel bands, calypso floats and sound systems mix and mingle in a multi-media and multi-sensory event" (Ferrara 132).
210:, often described as "the mother of the Notting Hill Carnival" in her capacity as editor of influential black newspaper
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holding such a well-attended event in narrow streets in a small area of London. A survey in 2016 commissioned by local
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Henriques, Julian, and Beatrice Ferrara, "The Sounding of Notting Hill Carnival: Music as Space, Place and Territory."
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In 2022, Notting Hill Carnival returned after a two-year hiatus. It started with a run to remember 72 victims of the
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https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/londons-notting-hill-carnival-gears-up-return-amid-surging-cost-living-2022-08-26/
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2219:"Notting Hill Carnival 2021: Event will not take place on streets due to 'ongoing uncertainty and Covid-19 risk'"
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594:. Based on relative attendance figures, it has been said that crime rates for the Notting Hill Carnival and for
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In 2023, Notting Hill Carnival was included in the Vision:2025 program, a Green Events Code of Practice.
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Transport for London run special limited-stop bus services from South London to the Carnival area:
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in Notting Hill that became the first organised outside event, in August 1966. The prime mover was
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1883:"Journalists charged £100 to cover Notting Hill Carnival and told to share work with organisers"
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2120:"We've Teamed Up with Boiler Room and Deviation to Give You a Taste of Notting Hill Carnival"
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1467:. European Conference on Arts & Humanities, 2013, Proceedings, p. 5. Quoting Tom Vague,
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2798:"Notting Hill Carnival pays tribute to Grenfell fire victims with emotional minute silence"
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The origins and men who started Notting Hill Carnival interview with Peter Joseph, part 2
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The origins and men who started Notting Hill Carnival interview with Peter Joseph, part 1
3035:"Notting Hill Carnival: Man, 21, dies after being stabbed in crowd in 'night of violence'"
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1824:"A Black History Month Special Oct 2014: Ishmahil Blagrove discusses his book ‘Carnival’"
984:"After 44 years secret papers reveal truth about five nights of violence in Notting Hill"
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on the 2002 Carnival estimated that the event contributed around £93 million to the
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2900:"Notting Hill Carnival 2018: Police to use stop and search powers in violence crackdown"
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2239:"Notting Hill Carnival cancelled for second year in a row due to COVID, says organisers"
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2011:
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570:, it was seen as being relatively peaceful. Five people were arrested for a stabbing at
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2761:"Notting Hill carnival is unsafe. But, like Grenfell, authorities ignore the warnings"
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1902:"Notting Hill Carnival 2015: Journalists to stage boycott over £100 accreditation fee"
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or other music festivals are comparable, and Ishmahil Blagrove, co-author of the book
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was observed at 3 pm by Carnival-goers, many of whom wore "green for Grenfell".
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1177:"40 Years of the Notting Hill Carnival: An Assessment of the History and the Future"
220:. It showcased elements of a Caribbean carnival in a cabaret style. It featured the
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Although the 2011 Carnival was at risk of being cancelled in the wake of the early
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3234:– The themes paraded by the London School of Samba since their debut year in 1984.
3079:"Eight people including mother stabbed at Notting Hill Carnival with 334 arrested"
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podcast on 50th anniversary of Notting Hill Carnival, 2016. SoundCloud. See also
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Some London Underground stations are closed or are exit-only to ease congestion.
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2868:"Over 370 arrests were made at Notting Hill Carnival and one person was stabbed"
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Abner Cohen, "Drama and Politics in the Development of a London Carnival", in
1784:"Notting Hill Carnival is 'frightening and drives residents from their homes'"
1433:
Masquerade Politics: Explorations in the Structure of Urban Cultural Movements
1039:
Getting it Straight in Notting Hill Gate: A West London Psychogeography Report
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Carnival: A Photographic and Testimonial History of the Notting Hill Carnival
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Carnival: A Photographic and Testimonial History of the Notting Hill Carnival
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Carnival: A Photographic and Testimonial History of the Notting Hill Carnival
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259:'s Notting Hill Adventure Playground Steelband and 500 dancing spectators."
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2357:"Notting Hill Carnival 2023: Behind the scenes with the top costume makers"
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culture. In 2006, the UK public voted it onto a list of icons of England.
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1812:"Fantastic new photobook celebrates the history of Notting Hill Carnival"
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360:
1986:"Notting Hill Carnival celebrates golden jubilee | Arts Council England"
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3296:
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2509:"Robert Golden's best photograph: the 1976 Notting Hill carnival riots"
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Notting Hill Carnival is happy to announce its inclusion in Vision 2025
1866:"Notting Hill Carnival book launch – creating harmony out of adversity"
614:
520:
484:
229:
1853:"Carnival: A Photographic and Testimonial History of the Notting Hill"
1752:"Executive Summary – The economic impact of the Notting Hill carnival"
453:
single-handedly revived this tradition and is a great contribution to
347:
Concerns about the size of the event resulted in London's then mayor,
340:
to recognise the Notting Hill Carnival as an art form. Since 1978 the
156:
event that has taken place in London since 1966 on the streets of the
3647:
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471:
2844:"Met officers thank Londoners for spectacular Notting Hill Carnival"
2815:"Notting Hill Carnival-goers praised for Grenfell disaster response"
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2095:"This Is How You Can Stream Notting Hill Carnival Around The World"
892:, Notting Hill Carnival '13, London Notting Hill Enterprises Trust.
526:(hitting a peak of coverage in the years of 2003 and 2004), and on
475:
262:
95:
2781:"Notting Hill carnival arrests down after controversial crackdown"
1551:"Things You Never Knew About Carnival, London's Best Street Party"
332:
was one of the few establishment figures who supported the event.
199:
in which 108 people were charged, had occurred the previous year.
3306:
2169:"Notting Hill Carnival 2020 details announced for online version"
270:
3105:"Notting Hill Carnival: Mum and chef die after separate attacks"
3057:"Notting Hill Carnival: Rapper Takayo Nembhard stabbed to death"
2061:"No mud but all the music: fans flock to watch festivals online"
2619:"Notting Hill carnival ends with police battling troublemakers"
1599:"Revolutionary Black British Women – London Architecture Diary"
1099:"The Notting Hill carnival has an unsung hero – Rhaune Laslett"
279:
236:
192:
64:
2146:"Coronavirus: Notting Hill Carnival cancelled due to Covid-19"
1191:, July 2004. Submitted to Joseph Charles Media, publishers of
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2831:"Notting Hill Carnival: Thousands enjoy sound, samba and sun"
523:
466:
and Beatrice Ferrara claim the festival draws mainly on the
2679:"Notting Hill carnival: 16-year-old arrested after stabbing"
2035:"Boiler Room to broadcast Notting Hill Carnival livestream"
1761:. London Development Agency – Research. May 2003. p. 9
1329:"Duke Vin: 'Soundman' who brought sound systems to Britain"
206:, was organised by the Trinidadian journalist and activist
195:
at the time; the UK's first widespread racial attacks, the
3171:
2697:"Notting Hill Carnival stabbing: Boy among five arrested"
2545:
Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press
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2429:
2280:"Notting Hill Carnival 2023: Everything you need to know"
283:
203:
1918:"New Media Policy and Official Media Centre at Carnival"
137:
2012:"In pictures: Fifty years of the Notting Hill Carnival"
867:"50 things you didn't know about Notting Hill Carnival"
363:, the Notting Hill Carnival Trust Ltd. A report by the
128:
2 million attendees, 40,000 volunteers and 9,000 police
3232:
London School Of Samba – Notting Hill Carnival Archive
2257:"Notting Hill Carnival returns after two-year absence"
613:
A report in 2004 by the GLA Policing Policy Director,
3140:, Manchester University Press, 1982, pp. 313–44.
2331:
2316:
2188:"How to watch the virtual Notting Hill Carnival 2020"
1648:
Mayor of London – Notting Hill Carnival Review Group.
1239:"Observations: Duke Vin is the toast of Notting Hill"
515:
Compared to other major music and art events such as
2658:"Don't confuse Notting Hill carnival with the riots"
915:"Notting Hill carnival gets off to a peaceful start"
902:
BBC – 1Xtra – Black History: "What happened in 1965"
421:
from 2017. The 2023 carnival will run 27–28 August.
391:, was also published in August 2014 by Rice N Peas.
2166:
1195:, for August 2004 Notting Hill Carnival edition of
410:The 2020 carnival was cancelled due to the ongoing
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2866:
2186:
1960:"'Yes, this is Notting Hill Carnival's 50th year'"
1327:
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1127:"'Yes, This Is Notting Hill Carnival's 50th Year'"
278:and had a huge influence on the popularisation of
202:The 1959 event, held indoors and televised by the
3226:"Notting Hill Carnival celebrates golden jubilee"
1942:"Notting Hill Carnival promises a media makeover"
1778:
1776:
3899:
2602:"Notting Hill Carnival ends with boy's shooting"
2559:Policing Notting Hill: Fifty Years of Turbulence
1382:"Emslie Horniman's Pleasance: Enchanted gardens"
876:
751:Jerk chicken and corn street food, Carnival 2015
359:In 2003, the Notting Hill Carnival was run by a
344:is held on the Saturday preceding the carnival.
2719:"Notting Hill carnival arrests hit record high"
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2533:(Vol. 75, No. 1070), 22 September 1977, p. 739.
1726:
1724:
1512:"Notting Hill Carnival pioneers to be honoured"
1436:. University of California Press. p. 109.
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715:Carnival goers on the main drag, Carnival 2012
602:, states: "Notting Hill Carnival, compared to
559:arrests in comparison with the previous year.
269:in 1955 when he was a stowaway on a ship from
224:singing the calypso "Carnival at St Pancras",
35:Carnival goers on the main drag, Carnival 2012
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3253:
3179:"The Official Guide to Notting Hill Carnival"
2948:"Carnival victim's killer still being hunted"
2489:"BBC – 1Xtra Summer at Notting Hill Carnival"
2092:
1362:. The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
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939:, Yesu Persaud Centre for Caribbean Studies,
301:in Notting Hill, run by another Trinidadian,
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2425:"BBC – Press Office – Notting Hill Carnival"
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2744:"Glastonbury Festival has worse crime rate"
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2585:"Teen shootings mar Notting Hill Carnival"
2525:"Riot shields – protective or aggressive?"
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440:Carnival is not alien to British culture.
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191:as a response to the problematic state of
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2334:Black Popular Music in Britain Since 1945
2319:Black Popular Music in Britain Since 1945
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2032:
1732:"The Timeline: The Notting Hill Carnival"
1670:Notting Hill Carnival: A Strategic Review
1659:
1537:Black Popular Music in Britain Since 1945
1423:
1202:
931:
929:
825:(also known as the "Chapeltown Carnival")
542:After the 1976 Notting Hill Carnival the
2770:
1957:
1826:, Flip the Script Book, 10 October 2014.
1410:"How Carnival was developed in Britain?"
1316:
935:Professor David Dabydeen (August 2010),
739:Setting up a sound system, Carnival 2014
164:, over the August Bank Holiday weekend.
3228:, Arts Council England, 24 August 2016.
2897:
2375:"Carl Gabriel: From mas band to museum"
1800:"Top 10 Tips for Notting Hill Carnival"
1405:
1403:
1289:
1262:
1229:
1008:
960:. No. 27 April 2006. 10 June 2015.
857:
703:Steel pan drums on float, Carnival 2007
3958:Multiculturalism in the United Kingdom
3900:
3138:Custom and Conflict in British Society
1837:"Things You Never Knew About Carnival"
1746:
1744:
1673:, Greater London Authority, June 2004.
1534:Nabeel Zuberi and Jon Stratton (eds),
1145:
1069:
926:
610:, is one of the safest in the world."
52:Annually – August Bank Holiday weekend
3948:Festivals of Caribbean culture abroad
3241:
2979:"'Racial motive' for carnival murder"
2957:, This Is Lancashire, 25 August 2001.
2332:Henriques, Julian; Beatrice Ferrara.
2317:Henriques, Julian; Beatrice Ferrara.
2277:
2058:
1096:
1035:
975:
3973:Recurring events established in 1965
2167:Ben Beaumont-Thomas (16 July 2020).
1471:, London: HISTORY talk, 2009, p. 22.
1400:
3963:Music festivals established in 1966
3151:, London: Rice N Peas Books, 2014.
2469:"BBC – Radio 1Xtra – Summer – Home"
1958:Hamilton, Davina (28 August 2016).
1741:
1581:"Remembering the Notting Hill riot"
1540:, Ashgate Publishing, 2014, p. 141.
954:"New icons of Englishness unveiled"
13:
3126:
2993:"Gang jailed for carnival rampage"
2967:"Carnival murder footage released"
2937:from the original on 21 June 2022.
2677:Caroline Davies (30 August 2011).
2636:"London cashes in on the carnival"
1269:Colette Hibbert (29 August 2009).
1209:The Telegraph (23 November 2012).
1097:Busby, Margaret (24 August 2014).
1070:Oswald, Janelle (25 August 2013).
235:Another important strand was the "
14:
3989:
3163:
2898:Binding, Lucia (26 August 2018).
2879:from the original on 21 June 2022
2813:Lauren Pilat and Natasha Salmon,
2779:Jamie Grierson and Damien Gayle,
2199:from the original on 21 June 2022
1814:, It's Nice That, 22 August 2014.
1579:Emma Griffiths (25 August 2006).
1340:from the original on 21 June 2022
1250:from the original on 21 June 2022
1042:. Bread and Circuses Publishing.
971:Caribbean Carnival 1959 brochure.
510:
3918:Afro-Caribbean culture in London
3847:
3833:
3322:
3097:
3071:
3049:
3027:
3010:
2984:
2972:
2960:
2941:
2917:
2891:
2561:, Waterside Press, 2013, p. 195.
2453:. 31 August 2004. Archived from
2093:David Renshaw (29 August 2016).
804:
792:
780:
768:
756:
744:
732:
720:
708:
696:
684:
672:
665:
658:436X from Peckham and Camberwell
652:2X from West Norwood and Brixton
592:Psychoactive Substances Act 2016
568:August riots in the UK that year
29:
16:Annual street festival in London
3938:Carnivals in the United Kingdom
3933:Black British culture in London
2858:
2836:
2824:
2807:
2790:
2753:
2736:
2717:Damien Gayle (30 August 2016).
2689:
2670:
2647:
2628:
2611:
2594:
2577:
2564:
2551:
2536:
2518:
2501:
2481:
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2179:
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2138:
2112:
2086:
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2026:
2004:
1978:
1951:
1934:
1911:
1894:
1875:
1858:
1846:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1702:
1676:
1641:
1616:
1591:
1560:
1543:
1528:
1504:
1493:
1474:
1457:
1352:
1236:Ian Burrell (22 October 2011).
1168:
1119:
1090:
1072:"Notting Hill's carnival roots"
1063:
1029:
1009:Onibada, Ade (20 August 2014).
655:36X from Peckham and Camberwell
533:
3913:1966 establishments in England
2445:"BBC – London – Carnival 2004"
2059:Reidy, Tess (13 August 2016).
1469:50 Years of Carnival 1959–2009
1296:Jilke Golbach (29 July 2020).
1271:"Rocking the carnival rhythms"
1002:
982:Alan Travis (24 August 2002).
964:
946:
907:
895:
1:
3953:Festivals of multiculturalism
3018:"Gang trio jailed for murder"
2981:, BBC News, 5 September 2000.
2865:Tom Barnes (27 August 2018).
2572:"Carnival's route to success"
1710:"'Don't move carnival route'"
1360:"Emslie Horniman's Pleasance"
850:
397:National Union of Journalists
342:national Panorama competition
2969:, BBC News, 11 October 2000.
2600:Matthew Moore and agencies,
2033:Andy Malt (18 August 2016).
1684:"Colourful: Weekday Edition"
1384:. unlike.net. Archived from
1298:"Dub reggae icons of London"
643:
167:It is led by members of the
7:
3037:. Mirror UK. 30 August 2022
3024:(Newsquest), 2 August 2005.
2991:Paul Cheston (2 May 2002).
2833:, BBC News, 29 August 2017.
2574:, BBC News, 27 August 2004.
1929:Notting Hill Carnival Guide
1011:"Remembering Claudia Jones"
943:. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
816:
763:Float parade, Carnival 2015
631:Metropolitan Police Service
387:, by Ishmahil Blagrove and
290:Emslie Horniman's Pleasance
10:
3994:
3185:Notting Hill Carnival 2023
3059:. BBC News. 30 August 2022
2259:. BBC News. 28 August 2022
2014:. BBC News. 28 August 2016
1151:"The politics of partying"
904:. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
823:Leeds West Indian Carnival
811:Notting Hill Carnival 2019
799:Notting Hill Carnival 2018
502:
182:
113:– 26 August 2024
3827:
3811:
3795:
3668:
3600:
3530:
3331:
3320:
3276:
1500:Portobello Film Festival.
1412:, Carnival in Education.
787:Mas parade, Carnival 2017
775:Mas parade, Carnival 2016
727:Mas parade, Carnival 2013
691:Mas parade, Carnival 2006
679:Mas parade, Carnival 2005
365:London Development Agency
173:British African Caribbean
132:
124:
101:
79:
71:
56:
48:
40:
28:
23:
3978:Summer events in England
3473:Belarus, Russia, Ukraine
3218:"The art(s) of Carnival"
2617:James Orr and agencies,
1517:22 December 2015 at the
450:Archbishop of Canterbury
105:24 August 2024
3923:Annual events in London
3181:, Street Event Company.
2997:London Evening Standard
2933:. London. 2 July 1993.
2819:London Evening Standard
2667:, U TV, 25 August 2011.
2282:. michellealtenberg.com
1788:London Evening Standard
1715:London Evening Standard
1653:29 January 2009 at the
1603:city Architecture Diary
937:"Notting Hill Carnival"
428:Culture of the carnival
213:The West Indian Gazette
197:Notting Hill race riots
3840:Catholicism portal
3143:Ishmahil Blagrove and
2148:. BBC News. 7 May 2020
1990:www.artscouncil.org.uk
1964:www.voice-online.co.uk
1923:24 August 2017 at the
1416:25 August 2013 at the
1076:www.voice-online.co.uk
1015:www.voice-online.co.uk
530:in more recent years.
478:in Toronto and the US
459:
177:British Indo-Caribbean
3190:Notting Hill Carnival
2953:22 April 2014 at the
2846:. Metropolitan Police
2278:Altenberg, Michelle.
2193:www.independent.co.uk
2039:Complete Music Update
1730:Alice-Azania Jarvis,
1482:"In the beginning..."
941:University of Warwick
845:Karneval der Kulturen
455:British cultural life
438:
369:London and UK economy
150:Notting Hill Carnival
24:Notting Hill Carnival
3222:Arts Council England
2663:7 April 2014 at the
1430:Abner Cohen (1993).
1326:(21 November 2012).
1302:The Museum of London
1189:on 27 December 2013.
517:Glastonbury Festival
373:Member of Parliament
338:Arts Council England
189:St Pancras Town Hall
3943:Festivals in London
3880: /
3660:Trinidad and Tobago
3312:Ati-Atihan festival
3192:at CarnivalInfo.com
2750:, 1 September 2000.
2641:The Daily Telegraph
1872:, 26 November 2014.
1759:tfconsultancy.co.uk
1036:Vague, Tom (2012).
888:20 May 2015 at the
623:Grenfell Tower fire
419:Grenfell Tower fire
299:Mangrove restaurant
3884:51.5132°N 0.2043°W
3638:Dominican Republic
3134:Ronald Frankenberg
2457:on 31 August 2004.
2195:. 30 August 2020.
1881:Dominic Ponsford,
1802:, VisitLondon.com.
1718:, 10 January 2002.
1690:on 15 October 2007
1624:"2004 UK PANORAMA"
1149:(17 August 2002).
480:Labor Day Festival
241:London Free School
216:, and directed by
154:Caribbean Carnival
3968:Parades in London
3863:
3862:
2821:, 29 August 2017.
2804:, 29 August 2017.
2787:, 29 August 2017.
2767:, 25 August 2017.
2703:. 30 August 2011.
2644:, 21 August 2003,
2625:, 26 August 2008.
2608:, 28 August 2017.
2591:, 28 August 2007.
2497:. 26 August 2019.
2477:. 31 August 2011.
2363:. 27 August 2023.
1927:, Press release,
1908:, 25 August 2015.
1891:, 19 August 2015.
1855:at Ricenpeas.com.
1843:, 21 August 2014.
1738:, 26 August 2010.
1557:, 21 August 2014.
1525:, 17 August 2012.
1490:, 23 August 2002.
1443:978-0-520-07838-3
1174:Michael La Rose,
1133:, 28 August 2016.
1125:Davina Hamilton,
1049:978-1-62517-202-0
923:, 28 August 2011.
835:Culture of London
829:St Pauls Carnival
544:Police Federation
468:Trinidad Carnival
412:COVID-19 pandemic
253:Russell Henderson
169:British Caribbean
146:
145:
3985:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3889:51.5132; -0.2043
3885:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3854:World portal
3852:
3851:
3838:
3837:
3743:Negros y Blancos
3326:
3271:around the world
3262:
3255:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3209:
3198:
3175:
3174:
3172:Official website
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3085:. 27 August 2024
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3031:
3025:
3022:The Times Series
3016:Alex Galbinski,
3014:
3008:
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3003:
2988:
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2970:
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2581:
2575:
2570:Chirag Trivedi,
2568:
2562:
2555:
2549:
2540:
2534:
2522:
2516:
2515:, 13 March 2013.
2507:Sarah Phillips,
2505:
2499:
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2485:
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2465:
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2458:
2441:
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2235:
2229:
2228:
2224:Evening Standard
2215:
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2183:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
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2142:
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2126:. 26 August 2016
2116:
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2019:
2008:
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1997:
1992:. 24 August 2016
1982:
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1697:
1695:
1686:. Archived from
1680:
1674:
1666:
1657:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1628:www.carnaval.com
1620:
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1188:
1182:. Archived from
1181:
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688:
676:
584:Victoria Borwick
464:Julian Henriques
442:Bartholomew Fair
377:Victoria Borwick
322:BBC Radio London
226:The Southlanders
142:
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120:
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112:
110:
33:
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3169:
3166:
3129:
3127:Further reading
3124:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3083:The Independent
3077:
3076:
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3028:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2989:
2985:
2977:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2955:Wayback Machine
2946:
2942:
2931:The Independent
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
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2896:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2873:The Independent
2863:
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2829:
2825:
2812:
2808:
2802:The Independent
2795:
2791:
2778:
2771:
2758:
2754:
2748:The Independent
2741:
2737:
2727:
2725:
2715:
2708:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2675:
2671:
2665:Wayback Machine
2652:
2648:
2633:
2629:
2616:
2612:
2599:
2595:
2589:Guardian Series
2582:
2578:
2569:
2565:
2556:
2552:
2542:Roger Fowler,
2541:
2537:
2523:
2519:
2506:
2502:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2433:. 24 July 2003.
2423:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2407:
2400:"Call the Rain"
2398:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2382:
2377:. January 2010.
2373:
2372:
2368:
2355:
2354:
2350:
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2326:
2315:
2311:
2307:, 19 July 2023.
2299:
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2272:
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2260:
2255:
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2250:
2245:. 18 June 2021.
2237:
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2227:. 18 June 2021.
2217:
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2027:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1956:
1952:
1940:Stephen Spark,
1939:
1935:
1931:, 16 June 2017.
1925:Wayback Machine
1916:
1912:
1906:The Independent
1899:
1895:
1880:
1876:
1864:Stephen Spark,
1863:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1835:Jamie Clifton,
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1781:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1754:
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1749:
1742:
1736:The Independent
1729:
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1707:
1703:
1693:
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1655:Wayback Machine
1646:
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1597:
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1573:
1569:(2014), p. 290.
1565:
1561:
1549:Jamie Clifton,
1548:
1544:
1533:
1529:
1519:Wayback Machine
1510:Natasha Ofosu,
1509:
1505:
1498:
1494:
1487:The Independent
1479:
1475:
1463:Peter Timothy,
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1428:
1424:
1418:Wayback Machine
1408:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1388:on 24 July 2011
1380:
1379:
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1363:
1358:
1357:
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1343:
1341:
1334:The Independent
1321:
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1244:The Independent
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1197:Carnival Groove
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896:
890:Wayback Machine
881:
877:
873:, 13 July 2016.
865:
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840:Summer Carnival
819:
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646:
552:Mayor of London
536:
528:BBC Radio 1Xtra
513:
505:
430:
361:limited company
349:Ken Livingstone
336:campaigned for
318:Black Londoners
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75:1965–present
72:Years active
18:
3887: /
3585:New Orleans
3546:Quebec City
3510:Switzerland
3448:Netherlands
3109:www.bbc.com
2203:8 September
2130:1 September
2104:1 September
2078:1 September
2044:1 September
2018:19 February
1996:19 February
1970:19 February
1966:. The Voice
1765:19 February
1708:Claire Hu,
1160:19 February
1108:19 February
1082:19 February
1078:. The Voice
1055:19 February
1021:19 February
1017:. The Voice
596:Glastonbury
474:, Canadian
470:as well as
405:Boiler Room
102:Most recent
57:Location(s)
3902:Categories
3872:51°30′48″N
3819:Mardi Gras
3770:Las Tablas
3675:Argentina
3503:Santa Cruz
3498:Las Palmas
3283:Indonesia
1392:3 December
1366:3 December
1344:13 October
1336:. London.
1308:13 October
1281:13 October
1254:13 October
1246:. London.
1221:13 October
1211:"Duke Vin"
883:"About us"
851:References
615:Lee Jasper
521:BBC London
432:Professor
243:-inspired
230:Cleo Laine
162:Kensington
138:nhcarnival
125:Attendance
117:2024-08-26
109:2024-08-24
3875:0°12′15″W
3803:Australia
3780:Cajamarca
3716:São Paulo
3601:Caribbean
3563:Vera Cruz
3452:Portugal
3438:Lithuania
3426:Viareggio
3114:31 August
3089:27 August
3063:31 August
3041:30 August
3002:31 August
2909:28 August
2883:28 August
2850:28 August
2728:30 August
2685:. London.
2548:, p. 248.
2286:24 August
2263:30 August
2243:The Voice
2099:The FADER
2073:0261-3077
1946:Soca News
1870:Soca News
1523:Soca News
1449:19 August
1193:Soca News
1131:The Voice
994:29 August
831:, Bristol
644:Transport
556:Hyde Park
472:Crop Over
353:Hyde Park
67:, England
49:Frequency
3733:Colombia
3695:Bolivia
3633:Dominica
3618:Barbados
3568:Mazatlán
3483:Slovenia
3343:Belgium
3269:Carnival
2951:Archived
2935:Archived
2904:Sky News
2877:Archived
2701:BBC News
2661:Archived
2361:BBC News
2197:Archived
1921:Archived
1694:1 August
1651:Archived
1585:BBC News
1567:Carnival
1515:Archived
1414:Archived
1338:Archived
1304:. London
1277:. London
1248:Archived
1217:. London
990:. London
958:BBC News
886:Archived
871:Time Out
817:See also
604:Trinidad
476:Caribana
292:(in the
263:Duke Vin
245:festival
160:area of
96:Duke Vin
80:Founders
44:Carnival
3812:Related
3796:Oceania
3787:Uruguay
3766:Panama
3755:Cayenne
3613:Bahamas
3608:Antigua
3551:Toronto
3537:Canada
3478:Croatia
3456:Madeira
3411:Hungary
3394:Cologne
3389:Germany
3373:France
3369:Finland
3364:England
3359:Denmark
3339:Austria
3307:Sinulog
3297:Jakarta
3213:YouTube
3202:YouTube
3147:(eds),
3136:(ed.),
2402:. 1998.
503:Artists
271:Jamaica
183:History
133:Website
115: (
107: (
3762:Guyana
3726:Recife
3706:Brazil
3580:Mobile
3558:México
3541:Ottawa
3522:Turkey
3489:Spain
3468:Slavic
3421:Venice
3406:Greece
3352:Binche
3332:Europe
3292:Jember
3155:
2071:
1633:1 July
1608:6 June
1440:
1046:
608:Brazil
280:reggae
237:hippie
65:London
3776:Peru
3721:Bahia
3699:Oruro
3689:Murga
3654:Ponce
3648:Nevis
3643:Haiti
3515:Basel
3493:Cádiz
3443:Malta
3431:Ivrea
3416:Italy
3399:Mainz
3382:Paris
3347:Aalst
2303:, in
2152:7 May
2124:Thump
1755:(PDF)
1187:(PDF)
1180:(PDF)
524:radio
375:(MP)
41:Genre
3628:Cuba
3461:Ovar
3377:Nice
3287:Solo
3277:Asia
3153:ISBN
3116:2024
3091:2024
3065:2022
3043:2022
3004:2016
2911:2018
2885:2018
2852:2018
2730:2016
2288:2023
2265:2022
2205:2020
2154:2020
2132:2016
2106:2016
2080:2016
2069:ISSN
2046:2016
2020:2019
1998:2019
1972:2019
1841:Vice
1767:2019
1696:2007
1635:2022
1610:2020
1555:Vice
1451:2011
1438:ISBN
1394:2010
1368:2010
1346:2021
1310:2021
1283:2021
1256:2021
1223:2021
1162:2019
1110:2019
1084:2019
1057:2019
1044:ISBN
1023:2019
996:2016
550:The
485:soca
444:and
282:and
175:and
148:The
140:.org
3711:Rio
3211:on
3200:on
2494:BBC
2474:BBC
2450:BBC
2430:BBC
1275:BBC
606:or
582:MP
457:."
284:ska
204:BBC
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