47:
33:
406:
96:
71:
875:
863:
402:. The red beech's wood is the most durable of all the New Zealand beeches. It was often used in flooring in many parts of New Zealand. The timber is exceptionally stable when dried to appropriate moisture values. The average density of red beech at 12 percent moisture content is 630 kilograms per cubic metre.
334:
are alternately arranged, broad ovoid, 2 to 4 cm long and 1.5 to 3 cm broad, the margin distinctively double-toothed with each lobe bearing two teeth. The
1921:
1505:
924:
756:
885:
1960:
1531:
316:. It is generally found on lower hills and inland valley floors where soil is fertile and well drained. In New Zealand the species is called
2066:
557:"Revised circumscription of Nothofagus and recognition of the segregate genera Fuscospora, Lophozonia, and Trisyngyne (Nothofagaceae)"
879:
1869:
1673:
1453:
2086:
1882:
1686:
1466:
893:
1735:
725:
2091:
2076:
249:
917:
819:
95:
800:
594:
1965:
1536:
1908:
1712:
1492:
1766:
1740:
910:
2017:
1598:
2081:
1947:
1331:
201:
1691:
2012:
1887:
1761:
1593:
1471:
1405:
2096:
1727:
1546:
1303:
1219:
975:
767:
686:
Bramati L, et al. (2002). "Quantitative
Characterization of Flavonoid Compounds in Rooibos Tea (
428:
423:
867:
651:
556:
527:
1821:
1053:
46:
2071:
1939:
1926:
1510:
1367:
967:
457:
1572:
1523:
1345:
1275:
1254:
1233:
1157:
1149:
1080:
228:
1978:
1753:
1559:
1069:
1991:
1843:
1427:
1268:
1088:
660:
269:
245:
8:
1986:
1567:
1317:
1226:
1007:
999:
902:
445:
440:
410:
346:
339:
60:
664:
491:
2038:
1774:
1619:
1585:
1338:
1282:
1261:
1240:
1181:
1165:
1111:
257:
90:
2004:
1973:
1830:
1748:
1660:
1554:
1414:
1310:
1296:
1247:
1173:
1104:
1096:
1061:
1045:
991:
796:
707:
672:
616:
301:
32:
2043:
1835:
1779:
1665:
1624:
1419:
1324:
732:
699:
668:
568:
1651:
1289:
405:
391:
387:
374:
133:
1952:
1999:
1806:
1580:
572:
297:
120:
726:"Planted and required trees in the Gardens of The Grange, Edinburgh, Scotland"
2060:
1934:
1518:
1390:
933:
500:
399:
80:
75:
2030:
1611:
711:
313:
309:
1895:
1815:
1699:
1479:
1399:
305:
1874:
1678:
1458:
1206:
1195:
1136:
1125:
1032:
1021:
954:
943:
380:
189:
179:
1900:
1704:
1484:
703:
1856:
1440:
377:
324:
1717:
1361:
2025:
1800:
1645:
1606:
1384:
874:
395:
146:
1913:
1861:
1497:
1445:
595:"Fossilized pollen reveals climate history of northern Antarctica"
362:
169:
1848:
1432:
862:
784:
370:
350:
159:
845:
New
Zealand Timbers. Exotic and Indigenous. The complete guide
465:
335:
107:
331:
327:
932:
353:
period. Red beech is not currently considered threatened.
520:
394:
due to its attractive leaf shape. It has been planted in
349:, showing that it formerly grew in Antarctica since the
361:
Red beech is the only known plant source, apart from
820:"Farm Forestry timbers - Red Beech Nothofagus fusca"
718:
847:. Upper Hutt, New Zealand: Wright & Carman Ltd.
640:
2058:
592:
641:Hillis W, Inoue T (1967). "The polyphenols of
918:
554:
550:
548:
546:
544:
489:
925:
911:
836:
749:
692:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
555:HEENAN, PETER B.; SMISSEN, ROB D. (2013).
398:and the North Coast of the Pacific of the
69:
45:
31:
731:. The Grange Association. Archived from
541:
404:
345:Pollen from the tree was found near the
842:
685:
2059:
790:
621:New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
1366:
1365:
906:
814:
812:
795:. Auckland, New Zealand: Reed Books.
1728:be9890f7-7ed6-49d3-8f04-28f907ac04cb
1547:bd503220-85f2-4c30-b56d-acb9eee5241d
766:. Seattle Government. Archived from
586:
2067:IUCN Red List least concern species
501:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
483:
13:
1767:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77134393-1
809:
14:
2108:
855:
2018:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295581-1
1599:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:359087-1
894:New Zealand School of Forestry:
873:
861:
593:Rice University (27 June 2011).
94:
793:The Native Trees of New Zealand
645:species - II. The heartwood of
2087:Trees of mild maritime climate
995:(deciduous beech / tanglefoot)
679:
634:
609:
456:Red beech hybridises with the
1:
761:in Washington Park Arboretum"
476:
449:) to form the hybrid species
432:) to form the hybrid species
2092:Garden plants of New Zealand
2077:Endemic flora of New Zealand
673:10.1016/0031-9422(67)85008-8
530:. Department of Conservation
7:
1211:Heenan & Smissen (2013)
1161:(guindo / Magellan's beech)
1141:Heenan & Smissen (2013)
1037:Heenan & Smissen (2013)
959:Heenan & Smissen (2013)
698:(20). Elsevier: 5513–5519.
468:to form the hybrid species
10:
2113:
573:10.11646/phytotaxa.146.1.1
439:Red beech hybridises with
422:Red beech hybridises with
416:
330:growing to 35 m tall. The
1790:
1635:
1374:
1193:
1123:
1019:
941:
429:Nothofagus cliffortioides
263:
256:
234:
227:
91:Scientific classification
89:
67:
58:
53:
44:
39:
30:
23:
1153:(ñire / Antarctic beech)
936:(southern beech) species
843:Clifton, Norman (1990).
342:containing three seeds.
308:, occurring on both the
886:University of Waikato:
470:Nothofagus ×eugenananus
390:in regions with a mild
386:It is also grown as an
356:
272:) Heenan & Smissen
508:: e.T96478301A96479980
462:Nothofagus alessandrii
413:
409:Red beech flooring in
791:Salmon, J.T. (1993).
408:
323:It is a medium-sized
2082:Trees of New Zealand
1333:N. starkenborghiorum
870:at Wikimedia Commons
490:Baldwin, H. (2018).
294:Māori: tawhai raunui
288:, commonly known as
1084:(roble de santiago)
688:Aspalathus Linearis
665:1967PChem...6...59H
446:Nothofagus solandri
434:Nothofagus ×blairii
411:Nelson, New Zealand
367:Aspalathus linearis
347:Antarctic Peninsula
61:Conservation status
617:"Fuscospora fusca"
414:
296:) is a species of
2054:
2053:
1974:Open Tree of Life
1749:Open Tree of Life
1555:Open Tree of Life
1368:Taxon identifiers
1356:
1355:
1305:N. pseudoresinosa
1221:N. aequilateralis
1177:(Chiloé's coigue)
1169:(coihue / coigüe)
1100:(Antarctic beech)
977:N. cliffortioides
866:Media related to
704:10.1021/jf025697h
690:) by LC-UV/DAD".
451:Nothofagus ×dubia
281:
280:
84:
2104:
2097:Ornamental trees
2047:
2046:
2034:
2033:
2021:
2020:
2008:
2007:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1981:
1969:
1968:
1956:
1955:
1953:NBNSYS0000042103
1943:
1942:
1930:
1929:
1917:
1916:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1890:
1878:
1877:
1865:
1864:
1852:
1851:
1839:
1838:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1783:
1782:
1770:
1769:
1757:
1756:
1744:
1743:
1731:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1708:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1682:
1681:
1669:
1668:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1637:Fuscospora fusca
1628:
1627:
1615:
1614:
1602:
1601:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1575:
1573:Nothofagus fusca
1563:
1562:
1550:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1527:
1526:
1514:
1513:
1501:
1500:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1449:
1448:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1422:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1406:Nothofagus fusca
1395:
1394:
1393:
1376:Nothofagus fusca
1363:
1362:
1212:
1142:
1038:
979:(mountain beech)
960:
927:
920:
913:
904:
903:
896:Nothofagus fusca
880:Nothofagus fusca
878:Data related to
877:
868:Nothofagus fusca
865:
849:
848:
840:
834:
833:
831:
830:
824:www.nzffa.org.nz
816:
807:
806:
788:
782:
781:
779:
778:
772:
765:
759:Nothofagus fusca
753:
747:
746:
744:
743:
737:
730:
722:
716:
715:
683:
677:
676:
647:Nothofagus fusca
638:
632:
631:
629:
627:
613:
607:
606:
604:
602:
590:
584:
583:
581:
579:
552:
539:
538:
536:
535:
524:
518:
517:
515:
513:
494:Nothofagus fusca
487:
318:Fuscospora fusca
285:Nothofagus fusca
266:Fuscospora fusca
240:
238:Nothofagus fusca
206:
99:
98:
78:
73:
72:
49:
35:
25:Nothofagus fusca
21:
20:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2042:
2037:
2029:
2024:
2016:
2011:
2003:
1998:
1990:
1985:
1977:
1972:
1964:
1959:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1920:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1868:
1860:
1855:
1847:
1842:
1834:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1786:
1778:
1773:
1765:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1672:
1664:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1631:
1623:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1597:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1571:
1566:
1558:
1553:
1545:
1543:
1535:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1470:
1465:
1457:
1452:
1444:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1370:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1210:
1203:
1189:
1140:
1133:
1119:
1055:N. cunninghamii
1036:
1029:
1015:
958:
951:
937:
931:
858:
853:
852:
841:
837:
828:
826:
818:
817:
810:
803:
789:
785:
776:
774:
770:
763:
755:
754:
750:
741:
739:
735:
728:
724:
723:
719:
684:
680:
639:
635:
625:
623:
615:
614:
610:
600:
598:
591:
587:
577:
575:
553:
542:
533:
531:
526:
525:
521:
511:
509:
488:
484:
479:
419:
392:oceanic climate
388:ornamental tree
375:dihydrochalcone
359:
273:
252:
242:
236:
223:
204:
93:
85:
74:
70:
63:
17:
16:Species of tree
12:
11:
5:
2110:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2044:wfo-0000966414
2035:
2022:
2009:
1996:
1983:
1970:
1957:
1944:
1931:
1918:
1905:
1892:
1879:
1866:
1853:
1840:
1827:
1812:
1796:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1780:wfo-0001337603
1771:
1758:
1745:
1732:
1722:
1709:
1696:
1683:
1670:
1657:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1625:wfo-0000252131
1616:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1564:
1551:
1541:
1528:
1515:
1502:
1489:
1476:
1463:
1450:
1437:
1424:
1411:
1396:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1214:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1146:
1144:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1102:
1094:
1092:(silver beech)
1086:
1078:
1067:
1059:
1057:(myrtle beech)
1051:
1042:
1040:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1005:
997:
989:
981:
973:
969:N. alessandrii
964:
962:
939:
938:
930:
929:
922:
915:
907:
901:
900:
891:
883:
882:at Wikispecies
871:
857:
856:External links
854:
851:
850:
835:
808:
801:
783:
748:
717:
678:
652:Phytochemistry
633:
608:
585:
540:
528:"Beech forest"
519:
481:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
454:
437:
424:mountain beech
418:
415:
358:
355:
298:southern beech
279:
278:
261:
260:
254:
253:
243:
232:
231:
225:
224:
217:
215:
211:
210:
199:
195:
194:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
150:
149:
144:
137:
136:
131:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
87:
86:
68:
65:
64:
59:
56:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2109:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Nothofagaceae
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1992:Fagus crenata
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1822:Fagus crenata
1817:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1792:Fagus crenata
1789:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1349:
1348:
1347:N. womersleyi
1344:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1277:N. flaviramea
1274:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1256:N. codonandra
1253:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1235:N. baumanniae
1232:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1185:(lenga beech)
1184:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1159:N. betuloides
1156:
1154:
1152:
1151:N. antarctica
1148:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1082:N. macrocarpa
1079:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1003:(black beech)
1002:
998:
996:
994:
990:
988:
986:
982:
980:
978:
974:
972:
970:
966:
965:
963:
957:
956:
950:
946:
945:
940:
935:
934:Nothofagaceae
928:
923:
921:
916:
914:
909:
908:
905:
899:
897:
892:
890:
889:
884:
881:
876:
872:
869:
864:
860:
859:
846:
839:
825:
821:
815:
813:
804:
802:0-7900-0558-1
798:
794:
787:
773:on 2009-03-24
769:
762:
760:
752:
738:on 2009-01-07
734:
727:
721:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
682:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
644:
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1270:N. discoidea
1269:
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1182:
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1097:
1090:N. menziesii
1089:
1081:
1074:
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1062:
1054:
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1026:
1020:
1011:(hard beech)
1008:
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948:
942:
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844:
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827:. Retrieved
823:
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775:. Retrieved
768:the original
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740:. Retrieved
733:the original
720:
695:
691:
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659:(1): 59–67.
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24:
18:
1896:iNaturalist
1816:Wikispecies
1700:iNaturalist
1480:iNaturalist
1400:Wikispecies
1319:N. resinosa
1228:N. balansae
1201:Brassospora
1009:N. truncata
1001:N. solandri
987:(red beech)
441:black beech
338:is a small
306:New Zealand
275:Fagus fusca
203:Nothofagus
134:Angiosperms
2061:Categories
2000:Plant List
1718:77134393-1
1586:kew-135768
1581:Plant List
1340:N. stylosa
1284:N. grandis
1263:N. crenata
1242:N. brassii
1207:Trisyngyne
1196:Nothofagus
1183:N. pumilio
1167:N. dombeyi
1137:Nothofagus
1131:Nothofagus
1126:Nothofagus
1113:N. obliqua
1071:Nothofagus
1033:Lophozonia
1027:Lophozonia
1022:Nothofagus
955:Fuscospora
949:Fuscospora
944:Nothofagus
888:Nothofagus
829:2019-05-17
777:2009-06-18
742:2009-06-18
643:Nothofagus
567:(1): 131.
534:2010-04-28
477:References
381:nothofagin
369:), of the
207:Fuscospora
198:Subgenus:
191:Nothofagus
2005:kew-83806
1940:138593394
1652:Q42742908
1312:N. pullei
1298:N. perryi
1249:N. carrii
1199:subgenus
1175:N. nitida
1129:subgenus
1106:N. rutila
1098:N. moorei
1063:N. glauca
1047:N. alpina
1025:subgenus
993:N. gunnii
947:subgenus
597:. Physorg
561:Phytotaxa
378:glycoside
325:evergreen
290:red beech
214:Species:
104:Kingdom:
2031:50161782
2026:Tropicos
1927:10770768
1914:295581-1
1807:Q1078985
1801:Wikidata
1646:Wikidata
1612:50184002
1607:Tropicos
1524:96478301
1511:11192021
1498:359087-1
1385:Wikidata
1326:N. rubra
985:N. fusca
712:12236672
396:Scotland
373:-linked
258:Synonyms
176:Family:
147:Eudicots
81:IUCN 3.1
54:Foliage
1875:2882300
1849:1143555
1679:7872054
1459:2874959
1433:1153914
1391:Q311764
1291:N. nuda
1204:(genus
1134:(genus
1115:(roble)
1065:(hualo)
1049:(rauli)
1030:(genus
952:(genus
661:Bibcode
601:28 June
464:) from
417:Hybrids
363:rooibos
302:endemic
270:Hook.f.
246:Hook.f.
186:Genus:
170:Fagales
166:Order:
108:Plantae
79: (
1979:288140
1901:362505
1754:316856
1725:NZOR:
1705:410918
1692:467518
1560:316856
1544:NZOR:
1485:366620
971:(ruil)
799:
710:
626:7 June
578:31 May
512:26 May
460:tree (
351:Eocene
340:cupule
332:leaves
250:Oerst.
160:Rosids
1966:28929
1922:IRMNG
1888:16538
1862:FAUCR
1836:6HNYV
1736:NZPCN
1666:6K4M3
1537:28941
1506:IRMNG
1472:25392
1446:NOFFU
1420:47SZR
1075:leoni
898:photo
771:(PDF)
764:(PDF)
736:(PDF)
729:(PDF)
466:Chile
336:fruit
310:North
205:subg.
154:Clade
141:Clade
128:Clade
115:Clade
40:Tree
2013:POWO
1987:PfaF
1961:NCBI
1935:IUCN
1909:IPNI
1883:GRIN
1870:GBIF
1857:EPPO
1762:POWO
1741:1035
1713:IPNI
1687:GRIN
1674:GBIF
1594:POWO
1568:PfaF
1532:NCBI
1519:IUCN
1493:IPNI
1467:GRIN
1454:GBIF
1441:EPPO
797:ISBN
708:PMID
628:2015
603:2011
580:2015
514:2022
506:2018
458:ruil
357:Uses
328:tree
312:and
2039:WFO
1948:NBN
1844:EoL
1831:CoL
1775:WFO
1661:CoL
1620:WFO
1428:EoL
1415:CoL
700:doi
669:doi
649:".
569:doi
565:146
304:to
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1073:×
822:.
811:^
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443:(
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365:(
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244:(
83:)
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