Norton Priory - Knowledge

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the wood in the buildings, including the furnishings and roofs, would have been destroyed, although the masonry walls remained largely intact. The major repairs required gave an opportunity for the extension of the church by the addition of new chapels to both of the transepts, and its refurbishment in a manner even grander than previously. The cloister had been badly damaged in the fire and its arcade was rebuilt on the previous foundations. The new arcade was of "very high quality and finely wrought construction". Brown and Howard-Davis state that the kitchens were rebuilt on the same site and it appears that they were rebuilt in timber yet again. Excavations have found evidence of a second bell foundry in the northwest of the priory grounds. The date of this is uncertain but Greene suggests that it was built to cast a new bell to replace the original one that was damaged in the fire. Later in the 13th century another chapel was added to the north transept. Accommodation for guests was constructed to the southwest of the monastic buildings.

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Most burials were in stone coffins or in wooden coffins with stone lids, and had been carried out from the late 12th century up to the time of the dissolution. The site of the burial depended on the status of the individual, whether they were clerical or lay, and their degree of importance. Priors, abbots, and high-ranking canons were buried within the church, with those towards the east end of the church being the most important. Other canons were buried in a graveyard outside the church, in an area to the south and east of the chancel. Members of the laity were buried either in the church, towards the west end of the nave or in the north aisle, or outside the church around its west end. It is possible that there was a lay cemetery to the north and west of the church. The addition of the chapels to the north transept, and their expansion, was carried out for the Dutton family, making it their burial chapel, or family

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of Dutton or the abbot (or both) remains unclear. Brereton and the abbot appear to have attempted to have the dissolution cancelled subject to the payment of a fine, as was the case in large numbers of other houses in similar circumstances; but in the abbot's absence dissolution commissioners arrived unannounced at the abbey in early October 1536. There was considerable opposition, the commissioners being menaced by around 300 local people; for whom the abbot, rushing back, threw an impromptu feast complete with roasted ox. According to Dutton's account, after barricading themselves in a tower the commissioners managed to send a letter to Dutton, who arrived with a force of men in the middle of the night. Most of the rioters fled, but Dutton arrested the abbot and four of the canons, who were sent to

931: 1347:, while others have shield and sword motifs. Two contain inscriptions in Norman-French, identifying the deceased. The remaining lids have simpler incised patterns, mainly decorated crosses. The headstones contain crosses. Most of the coffins were sunk into the ground, with the lid at the level of the floor, although a few were found within the walls. Only three stone coffins for children were discovered. These lay in a group, together with a coffin containing a male skeleton, in the vestibule leading to the enlarged chapter house. The most prestigious type of coffin was tapered towards the feet, with the head end carved externally to a hemi-hexagonal shape. Another sign of higher status was the provision of an internal "pillow" for the head. 1285:

The undercroft, used for storage, was divided into two chambers, and its decoration was much plainer. The upper floor has been lost; it is considered that this contained the prior's living quarters and, possibly, a chapel over the outer parlour. A new and larger reredorter was built at the end of the east range, and it is believed that work might have started on a new chapter house. A system of stone drains was constructed to replace the previous open ditches. The west wall of the church was demolished and replaced by a more massive structure, 10 feet (3 m) thick at the base. The east wall was also demolished and the chancel was extended, forming an additional area measuring approximately 27 feet (8 m) by 23 feet (7 m).

905:, and Sir William Brereton, the deputy-chamberlain of Chester. Dutton's estate was next to that of the abbey, and Dutton plotted to gain some of its land from the Crown after the dissolution; while Brereton supported the abbot against Dutton and held the lucrative position of steward of the abbey. A campaign of vilification was directed at the canons, asserting that they were guilty of "debauched conduct". Then, in 1535, Dutton falsely accused the abbot and Brereton of issuing counterfeit coins. This charge was dismissed mainly because one of Dutton's witnesses was considered to be "unconvincing". Playing into Duttons' hands was the gross undervaluation of the abbey's assets as reported to the royal commissioners of the 995: 878:. The grain grown on priory lands was ground by a local windmill and by a watermill outside the priory lands. Excavations revealed part of a stone handmill in the area used in the monastic kitchen. In addition to orchards and herb gardens in the moated enclosures, it is likely that beehives were maintained for the production of honey. There is evidence from bone fragments that cattle, sheep, pigs, geese and chickens were reared and consumed, but few bone fragments from deer, rabbits or hares have been discovered. Horseflesh was not eaten. Although few fish bones have been discovered, it is known from documentary evidence that the canons owned a number of local fisheries. The fuel used consisted of wood and 922:(whose own informal contacts had cast doubt on the reliability of Dutton's reports), the abbot and canons were discharged and awarded pensions. The abbey was made uninhabitable, the lead from the roof, the bell metal, and other valuable materials were confiscated for the king, and the building lay empty for nine years. The estate came into the ownership of the Crown, and it was managed by Brereton. From the evidence of damage to the tiled floor of the church, Brown and Howard-Davis conclude it is likely that the church was demolished at an early stage, but otherwise the archaeological evidence for this period is sparse and largely negative. 862:, John Shrewsbury, who "does not seem to have done more than keep the house in order". Frequent floods had reduced its income, and in 1429 the church and other abbey buildings were described as being "ruinous". Problems continued through the rest of the 15th century, resulting in the sale of more advowsons. By 1496 the number of canons had been reduced to nine, and to seven in 1524. In 1522 there were reports of disputes between the abbot and the prior. The abbot was accused of "wasting the house's resources, nepotism, relations with women" and other matters, while the prior admitted to "fornication and lapses in the observation of the 1320: 1539: 1173: 1020:, containing the main reception rooms. The west front was symmetrical, in three storeys, with a double flight of stairs leading up to the main entrance. Clearance of the other surviving remnants of the monastic buildings had started but the moated enclosures were still in existence at that time. A drawing dated 1770 shows that by then all these buildings and the moats had been cleared away, and the former fishponds were being used for pleasure boating. Between 1757 and the early 1770s modifications were made to the house, the main one being the addition of a north wing. According to the authors of the 1351: 1875: 36: 1060: 1768: 1759:, the Norton Priory Museum Trust. The Trust was founded in 1975 and the first museum was opened in 1982; a much enlarged museum was built and opened in 2016. The Trust owns and maintains many of the artefacts found during the excavations, and has created an electronic database to record all the acquisitions. In addition, it holds records relating to the excavations, including site notebooks and photographs. The area open to the public consists of a museum, the standing archaeological remains, 42 acres of garden and woodland, and the walled garden of the former house. 1818:, which is considered to be "a work of national and even international importance". Saint Christopher was associated with the abbey because of its proximity to the River Mersey and the dangers associated with crossing the river. The statue shows the saint wading through fish-filled water carrying the Christ-child on his shoulder. It has been dated to about 1390, it is 3.37 metres (11.1 ft) tall, and was once painted in bright colours. The gallery also contains a three-dimensional representation of the statue as it is believed it would have originally appeared. 1915: 918:; who demanded that if the abbot and canons had behaved as Dutton reported, they should be immediately executed as traitors. However, because the kings instructions had been conveyed by the Lord Chancellor in the form of letters to both Dutton and Brereton, the two faction leaders would be required to act together to effect them; with the consequence that Brereton was temporarily able to stall any such action by refusing to meet with Dutton. Events elsewhere in the country further delayed the execution and, following an intercession to 851: 1489: 1981: 5431: 2043: 574: 5221: 1827: 5112: 1951:. The side walls are built in stone, and the back wall is constructed internally of stone and externally of brickwork. Also in the grounds are several modern sculptures, and a sculpture trail has been designed in conjunction with these. In the 1970s the fragments of the mould found in the bell pit were re-assembled and used to create a replica of the bell, which was cast in 1107:. The Brooke family left the house in 1921, and it was almost completely demolished in 1928. Rubble from the house was used in the foundations of a new chemical works. During the demolition, the undercroft was retained and roofed with a cap of concrete. In 1966 the current Sir Richard Brooke gave Norton Priory in trust for the benefit of the public. 1280:(17 m) by 52 feet (16 m). This meant that a door in the south wall of the church had to be blocked off and a new highly decorated doorway was built at the northeast corner of the cloister; this doorway has survived. The lower storey of the west range, the other standing remains of the priory, also dates from this period; it comprises the 570:, a village 3 miles (5 km) to the east of Runcorn. The reasons for the move are uncertain. It may have been that fitz William wanted greater control of the strategic crossing of the Mersey at Runcorn Gap, or it may have been because the canons wanted a more secluded site. Nothing remains of the site of the original priory in Runcorn. 1480:. Few archaeological findings remain from the Georgian house, apart from a fragment of a wall from the south front, and the foundations of the north wing. The much-altered medieval undercroft still stands, with its Norman doorway and Victorian replica, barrel vaulting, wine bins, and blind arcading in the former outer parlour. 806:. Matters further improved from 1366 with the appointment of Richard Wyche as prior. He was active in the governance of the wider Augustinian order and in political affairs, and in 1391 was involved in raising the priory's status to that of a mitred abbey. A mitred abbey was one in which the abbot was given permission to use 1359:

expected ratio in a monastic site. Most of the males had survived into middle age (36–45 years) to old age (46 years or older), while equal numbers of females died before and after the age of about 45 years. One female death was presumably due to a complication of pregnancy as she had been carrying a 34-week

1463:. A consequence of the wear of the teeth was "compensatory eruption" of the teeth in order to keep contact with the opposing teeth. It was concluded that the people buried in the priory had few problems with their teeth or jaws. Loss of teeth was due to wear of the teeth, rather than from caries or periodontal disease. 1297:

In the later part of the 13th century and during the following century the chapel in the south transept was replaced by a grander two-chambered chapel. This balanced the enlarged chapels in the north transept, restoring the church's cruciform plan. Around this time the east end of the church was

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The excavations have revealed information about the original priory buildings and grounds, and how they were subsequently modified. A series of ditches was found that would have provided a supply of fresh water and also a means for drainage of a relatively wet site. Evidence of the earliest temporary

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for her soul". As the role played by the Barons of Halton declined, so the importance of members of the Dutton family increased. The Duttons had been benefactors since the priory's foundation, and from the 13th century they became the principal benefactors. There were two main branches of the family,

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The site for the new priory was in damp, scrubby woodland. There is no evidence that it was agricultural land, or that it contained any earlier buildings. The first priority was to clear and drain the land. There were freshwater springs near the site, and these would have provided fresh running water

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were discovered. A total of 15 lead discs were recovered, some of which were inscribed with crosses. Two of these were found in graves, but the purpose of the discs has not been reliably explained. The other lead artefacts from this period were associated with the structure of the buildings and

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A large number of tiles and tile fragments that had lined the floor of the church and some of the monastic buildings were found in the excavations. The oldest tiles date from the early 14th century. The total area of tiles discovered was about 80 square metres (860 sq ft), and is "the

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undercroft and a passage to its north, known as the outer parlour. The outer parlour had been the entrance to the priory from the outside world, and was "sumptuously decorated" so that "the power and wealth of the priory could be displayed in tangible fashion to those coming from the secular world".

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for the Royalists. In February 1643 a large force from the castle armed with cannon attacked the house, which was defended by only 80 men. Henry Brooke successfully defended the house, with only one man wounded, while the Royalists lost 16 men including their cannonier (gunner). They burnt

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of 1535; as a result of which the net annual income of the abbey was recorded, falsely, as falling below the £200 (equivalent to £150,000 in 2023) threshold that would subsequently be chosen for the first round of dissolutions in 1536, although whether this subterfuge was due to the machinations

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style. The doorway to the right (south) is original, dating from the late 12th century, while the other doorway is a replica dated 1886. The older doorway has been described as "the finest decorated Norman doorway in Cheshire". It is in good condition with little evidence of erosion and Greene

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addition and three medieval rooms. Specialists were employed and local volunteers were recruited to assist with the excavation, while teams of supervised prisoners were used to perform some of the heavier work. The area excavated exceeded that at any European monastic site that used modern methods.

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The records of the priory and abbey have not survived, but the excavations and the study of other documents have produced evidence of how the monastic lands were managed. The principal source of income came from farming. This income was required not only for the building and upkeep of the property,

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was not present. It was rare for an Augustinian house to be elevated to this status. Out of about 200 Augustinian houses in England and Wales, 28 were abbeys and only seven of these became mitred. The only other mitred abbey in Cheshire was that of St Werburgh in Chester. In 1379 and

1581:. Many of the stones from the 13th century were originally part of the cloister arcade, and had been re-used to form the core of a later cloister arcade. They include stones sculpted with depictions of humans and animals. The best preserved of these are the heads of two canons, each wearing a 1475:

was found in the outer courtyard. It is considered that this might date from the early period of the Brookes' house, or it may have been constructed during the later years of the abbey. The kitchens to the south of the Tudor house and their drainage systems appear to have been used by the Brookes,

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The excavation revealed evidence of the fire of 1236, including ash, charcoal, burnt planks and a burnt wooden bowl. It is thought that the fire probably started in the timber-built kitchens at the junction of the west and south ranges, and then spread to the monastic buildings and church. Most of

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had been built (I* on the plan), and a large chapel had been added to the east end of the church (N). In about 1200 the west front of the church was enlarged (M), a bell tower was built and guest quarters were constructed. It is possible that the chapel at the east end was built to accommodate the

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The priory buildings, including the church, were extended during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. It has been estimated that the original community would have consisted of 12 canons and the prior; this increased to around 26 members in the later part of the 12th century,

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forming the floor of the choir of the church and the transepts. The chancel floor was probably also tiled; these tiles have not survived because the chancel was at a higher level than the rest of the church, and the tiles would have been removed during subsequent gardening. A dump of tiles to the

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The excavations revealed information about the burials carried out within the church and the monastic buildings, and in the surrounding grounds. They are considered to be "either those of Augustinian canons, privileged members of their lay household, or of important members of the Dutton family".

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from being built through his estate. The Bridgewater Canal Extension Act had been passed in 1762, and it made allowances for limited disturbance to the Norton estate. However Sir Richard did not see the necessity for the canal and opposed its passing through his estate. In 1773 the canal was

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The 38 acres (15 ha) of grounds surrounding the house have been largely restored to include the 18th-century pathways, the stream-glade and the 19th-century rock garden. The foundations exposed in the excavations show the plan of the former church and monastic buildings. In the grounds is a

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The museum contains information relating to the history of the site and some of the artefacts discovered during the excavations. These include carved coffin lids, medieval mosaic tiles, pottery, scribe's writing equipment and domestic items from the various buildings on the site such as buttons,

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The museum is a visitor attraction. It arranges a series of events for the general public throughout the year, including guided tours, family fun days and concerts. Its educational programme is aimed at all ages; it includes workshops for the general public, and courses focusing on formal and

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Considerable expansion occurred during the last two decades of the 12th century and the first two or three decades of the 13th century. The south and west ranges were demolished and rebuilt, enlarging the cloister from about 36 feet (11 m) by 32 feet (10 m) to about 56 feet

839:, the 1st Duke of Lancaster and 14th Baron of Halton, agreed to be the patron of the newly formed abbey. At this date the church was 287 feet (87 m) long; it was the second longest Augustinian church in northwest England, exceeded only by the 328 feet (100 m) long church at 1358:

A total of 144 graves was excavated; they contained 130 articulated skeletons in a suitable condition for examination. Of these, 36 were well-preserved, 48 were in a fair condition and 46 were poorly preserved. Males out-numbered females by a ratio of three to one, an

1230:, each with an eastern chapel. The total length of the church was 148 feet (45.1 m) and the total length across the transepts was 74 feet (22.6 m), giving a ratio of 2:1. The walls of the church were 5 feet (1.5 m) wide at the base, and the crossing tower was supported on four 1514:

and coloured, the main colours being black, green and yellow. Many of them had been decorated by impressing a wooden stamp into the moist clay before it was fired; these are known as line-impressed tiles. The line-impressed designs included masks of lions or other animals, rosettes, and

1157:. Norton Priory is one of few monastic sites to have produced evidence of temporary quarters. The remains of at least seven temporary buildings have been discovered. It is considered that the largest of these, because it had more substantial foundations than the others, was probably the 1501:

largest area of a floor of this type to be found in any modern excavation". The site has "the largest, and most varied, excavated collection of medieval tiles in the North West" and "the greatest variety of individual mosaic shapes found anywhere in Britain". The tiles found made a

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programme. This seeks to re-create a herb garden as it would have been during the medieval period, and its plan is based on herb gardens in other monastic sites. The plants grown are those reputed to be of value in treating the diseases revealed in the excavated skeletons.

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at a distance from the house to provide fruit, vegetables and flowers. The family also developed the woodland around the house, creating pathways, a stream-glade and a rock garden. Brick-built wine bins were added to the undercroft, developing it into a wine cellar, and

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and moulded bases. Above the capitals, at the bases of the arches, are sculptures that include depictions of human and animal heads. The human heads consist of two canons with hoods and protruding tonsures, other males, and females with shoulder-length hair. In one

1605:, window jambs, and arch heads. At least three of the corbels were carved in the form of human heads. Over 1,500 fragments of painted medieval glass were found, most of it in a poor condition. These show that the glazing scheme used in the priory was mainly in 954:

style, which became known as Norton Hall, using as its core the former abbot's lodgings and the west range of the monastic buildings. It is not certain which other monastic buildings remained when the abbey was bought by the Brookes; excavations suggest that the

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south of the site of the chapter house suggests that this was also tiled. In the 15th century a second tile floor was laid on top of the original floor in the choir where it had become worn. The tiles on the original floor were of various shapes, forming a

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Excavation of the site began in 1971, and became the largest to be carried out by modern methods on any European monastic site. It revealed the foundations and lower parts of the walls of the monastery buildings and the abbey church. Important finds included: a

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which was reputed to have miraculous healing powers. A fire in 1236 destroyed the timber-built kitchen (Q) and damaged the west range of the monastic buildings and the roof of the church. The kitchen was rebuilt and the other damage was rapidly repaired.

1867:. On the east wall is a two-arched doorway leading to the former cloisters. To the north another archway leads to the three-bay compartment. This also has a tile floor and contains the brick wine bins added in the 1780s. The roof of this compartment has 514:, and the archaeologists Fraser Brown and Christine Howard-Davis consider it likely that the canons cared for travellers and pilgrims crossing the river. They also speculate that William may have sought to profit from the tolls paid by these travellers. 2019:

informal aspects of children's education. An outreach programme is intended for individuals and groups in the community. Since its opening, the museum has won awards for its work in tourism, education, outreach and gardening. In 2004 the museum's

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During the first half of the 14th century, the priory suffered from financial mismanagement and disputes with the Dutton family, exacerbated by a severe flood in 1331 that reduced the income from the priory's lands. The direct effects of the

1253:. The upper storey of the west range provided living accommodation for the prior and an area where secular visitors could be received. In the lower storey was the undercroft where food and fuel were stored. The south range contained the 449:

The priory was opened to the public as a visitor attraction in the 1970s. The 42-acre site, run by an independent charitable trust, includes a museum, the excavated ruins, and the surrounding garden and woodland. In 1984 the separate

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to Runcorn, except for 1 mile (2 km) across the estate, which meant that goods had to be unloaded and carted around it. Eventually Sir Richard capitulated, and the canal was completed throughout its length by March 1776.

1332:, and the highest concentration of burials was found in this part of the church. It is considered that the north aisle, built after the priory became an abbey, was added to provide a burial place for members of the laity. 1067:

By 1853 a service range had been added to the south wing of the house. In 1868 the external flight of stairs was removed from the west front and a new porch entrance was added to its ground floor. The entrance featured a

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in 1381 there were 15 canons at Norton and in 1401 there were 16, making it the largest Augustinian community in the northwest of England. By this time the barony of Halton had passed by a series of marriages to the

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chapel was added measuring about 42 feet (13 m) by 24 feet (7 m). A guest hall was built to the west of the earlier guest quarters. After the status of the foundation was elevated from a priory to an abbey, a

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that had been used in the kitchen. Artefacts made from iron, other than nails, were again mainly items of personal adornment and dress. Other identifiable iron items from this period included keys, two possible rowel

1658:. The excavations produced over 4,000 sherds of glass, dating from the 12th to the 20th centuries, but only 16 of these came from the period before the dissolution. A total of 1,170 fragments from 1849:

and the foundations of the church and monastic buildings that were exposed during the excavations. The undercroft stands outside the museum building. It is a single-storey structure consisting of seven pairs of

1139:, in which the findings are described in more detail. Howard-Davis was largely responsible for the post-excavation assessment and for compiling a database for the artefacts and, with Brown, for their analysis. 870:

but also for feeding the canons, their guests, and visiting pilgrims. The priory also had an obligation from its foundation to house travellers fording the Mersey. It has been estimated that nearly half of the

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Norton Priory is considered to be "a monastic site of international importance" and is "the most extensively excavated monastic site in Britain, if not Western Europe". It is open to the public and run by a

1734:), ventilator grills, and water pipes. Leather fragments almost all came from shoes, and included an almost complete child's shoe dating from the late 16th or the 17th century. Another find was a small 2010:, probably dating from the 18th century, which is constructed in brick covered with a mound of earth. The entrance is surrounded by stone walls, from which a tunnel leads to a circular domed chamber. 1641:

have been identified. Only a few wooden bowls were recovered. Much more pottery was found dating from the post-medieval period and later. Again most of this had been manufactured in England, especially in

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considers that this is because it has always been protected from the weather. The portico leads into the four-bay compartment. This has a tiled floor and contains a medieval-style fireplace. The roof is

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was redesigned and opened to the public. Norton Priory offers a programme of events, exhibitions, educational courses, and outreach projects. In August 2016, a larger and much extended museum opened.

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for Runcorn Development Corporation as part of a plan to develop a park in the centre of Runcorn New Town. The site consisted of a 500-acre (202 ha) area of fields and woods to the north of the

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style. The house had an L-plan, the main wing facing west standing on the footprint of the Tudor house, with a south wing at right-angles to it. The ground floor of the west wing retained the former

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of the church. An exact replica of this doorway was built and placed to the north of the Norman doorway, making a double entrance. The whole of the undercroft was radically restored, giving it a

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was added to the west range. This is shown on the engraving by the Buck brothers, but it has left little in the way of archaeological remains. The church was extended by the addition of a north

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Examination of the jaws and teeth gave information about the dental health of those buried in the priory. The degree of wear of teeth was greater than it is at present, while the incidence of

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designs. The tiles from the upper (later) pavement were all square, and again were line-inscribed with patterns forming parts of larger designs. A related discovery at the excavation was the

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Excavation has revealed remnants of oak, some of it from trees hundreds of years old. It is likely that this came from various sources; some from nearby, and some donated from the forests at

5138: 1519:. Other tiles or tile fragments showed portions of trees, foliage, birds and inscriptions. In the chapels of the north transept, the burial place of the Dutton family, were tiles depicting 1717:

Nearly 2,000 fragments of lead were found, 940 of which were droplets of melted metal, some of these being a consequence of the fire in 1236. One of the earliest artefacts was a

1311:. There is little evidence of later major alterations before the dissolution. There is evidence to suggest that the cloister was rebuilt, and that alterations were made to the east range. 1123:. Greene's initial findings led to his being employed for a further 12 years to supervise a major excavation of the site. The buildings found included the Norman doorway with its 727:

During the 12th century, the main benefactors of the priory were the Barons of Halton, but after 1200 their gifts reduced, mainly because they transferred their interests to the

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was found in ten skeletons, and evidence of possible fractures was found in three other cases. One cranium contained a large circular lesion which may have been the consequence of

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directly affecting bones were found but in two individuals there were changes in the ribs consistent with their having suffered from tuberculosis of the lungs. The only major

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in four townships, and one-tenth of the profits from the Runcorn ferry. The prior supplied the chaplain to the hereditary Constables of Chester and to the Barons of Halton.

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were found, many of which were associated with personal adornment and dress including brooches, buckles, and buttons. Also found from this period was a small simple chape (

1374:). The most severe case of Paget's disease was in a body buried in the nave in a stone coffin. The lid was carved with two shields, indicating that the occupant had been a 1476:

and according to Brown and Howard-Davis, were possibly rebuilt by the family. The areas previously occupied by the cloisters and the guest quarters were probably used as

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states that it is unlikely that any of the Barons of Halton were buried in Norton Priory. The only members of the family known to be buried there are Richard, brother of

847:. Three wills from members of the Dutton family from this period survive; they are dated 1392, 1442 and 1527, and in each will money was bequeathed to the foundation. 767:. The Dutton family had their own burial chapel in the priory, and burial in the chapel is specified in three wills made by members of the family. The Aston family of 5467: 2071: 418:

house. The Brooke family left the house in 1921, and it was partially demolished in 1928. In 1966 the site was given in trust for the use of the general public.

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for museums and galleries. In August 2016 the newly rebuilt and expanded museum opened to the public. This cost £4.5m, of which £3.9m was contributed by the

1363:. The average height of the adult males was 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m) and that of the adult females was 5 feet 2 inches (1.57 m). 4700: 2066: 1080:

theme, adding stained glass windows and a medieval-style fireplace. The ground to the south of the house was levelled and formal gardens were established.

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doorway that had been moved from elsewhere in the monastery; Greene believes that it probably formed the entrance from the west cloister walk into the

5175: 212: 1135:. Further work has been carried out, recording and analysing the archaeological findings. In 2008 Fraser Brown and Christine Howard-Davis published 1099:, which opened in 1850; both of these lines affected the southeast part of the estate. In 1894, the Runcorn to Latchford Canal was replaced by the 1882:

At the northern end of the undercroft is the passage known as the outer parlour. This has stone benches on each side and elaborately carved blind

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is a seated figure with an outstretched arm holding a book. Other carvings depict such subjects as fabulous beasts, and an otter or a snake.

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visible, the head of a woman with shoulder-length hair, parts of a seated figure holding an open book, and a creature that might represent a

709: 128: 746:, the seventh baron, and a female named Alice. The identity of Alice has not been confirmed, but Greene considers that she was the niece of 250: 5512: 4839: 1565:

decorated with beakheads (grotesque animal heads with long pointed bird-like beaks). Other stones dating from the 12th century are in

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Little archaeological evidence relates to the period immediately after the dissolution, or to the Tudor house built on part of the site. A

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of the west range of the medieval abbey, and contained the kitchens and areas for the storage of wines and beers. The first floor was the

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and therefore a relative of the Delacy family, who were at that time the Barons of Halton. The earl made a grant to the priory of 30

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making it one of the largest houses in the Augustinian order. By the end of the century the church had been lengthened, a new and larger

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The excavations also revealed stones or fragments of carved stone dating from the 12th to the 16th centuries. The earliest are in

866:". The prior threatened the abbot with a knife, but then left the abbey. The physical state of the buildings continued to deteriorate. 666:

for building the priory was available at an outcrop nearby, sand for mortar could be obtained from the shores of the River Mersey, and

5497: 4920: 2925: 1784:. Standing in the museum is a reconstruction of the cloister arcade as it had been built following the fire of 1236. It consists of 398:

foundation in the 12th century, and was raised to the status of an abbey in 1391. The abbey was closed in 1536, as part of the

5517: 5482: 5028: 2061: 1994:

was restored in the 1980s. It includes an orchard, fruit and vegetable gardens, ornamental borders and a rose walk, as well as the

537: 1409: 5542: 5477: 4734: 4604: 2154: 2124: 1809: 844: 443: 4893: 4336: 1268:

a tenor bell. A few moulded stones from this early period were found. These included nine blocks that probably formed part of a

963:

family shows that the gatehouse remained at that time, although almost all the church had been demolished. An engraving by the

747: 2895: 1871:. The undercroft also contains a bell mould, reconstructed from the fragments of the original mould found in the excavations. 375:

complex dating from the 12th to 16th centuries, and an 18th-century country house; it is now a museum. The remains are a

5168: 5048: 4993: 4812: 2698: 1335:

The excavations revealed 49 stone coffins, 30 coffin lids, and five headstones. Twelve of the lids were carved in

1128:

The Development Corporation decided to create a museum on the site, and in 1975 Norton Priory Museum Trust was established.

836: 4785: 4628: 2081: 1780:

combs and wig curlers. Two medieval skeletons recovered in the excavations are on display, including one showing signs of

5492: 5184: 2056: 1629:

Some 500 fragments of pottery were found dating from the medieval period. Most of these were parts of jars, jugs or

563: 4758: 2129: 1264:

dating from this period was found 55 yards (50 m) to the north of the church. It is likely that this was used for

919: 380: 735: 5018: 1394:. Relatively minor congenital abnormalities of the spine were found in 19 skeletons, ten of which were cases of 1339:, with designs including flowers or foliage. One lid depicts an oak tree issuing from a human head in the style of a 798:

are not known, but during the 1350s financial problems continued. These were party mitigated with the selling of the

114: 5462: 5161: 743: 4709: 4259: 2076: 1995: 713: 133: 5116: 4926: 894: 399: 5242: 1633:

and were found in the area of the kitchen range. Most of it was produced locally, although 13 sherds of

244: 858:

The abbey's fortunes went into decline after the death of Richard Wyche in 1400. Wyche was succeeded by his

5527: 5128: 1598: 1088: 1022: 987: 205: 20: 5143: 2023:

project, in which people with learning disabilities worked alongside museum staff, was a finalist in the

1566: 1077: 1039:

was added to the former entrance hall to the abbey (which was known as the outer parlour), obscuring its

815: 674: 153: 4676: 4579: 4484: 1276:; this type of voussoir is rare in Cheshire, and has been found in only one other church in the county. 991:

two barns and plundered Brooke's tenants, but "returned home with shame and the hatred of the country".

5507: 5472: 5275: 5010: 4385: 1845:, and are considered to be the most important monastic remains in Cheshire. They consist of the former 1842: 1781: 1597:. There are numerous fragments dating from the 14th and 15th centuries. These include portions of 1367: 1084: 376: 124: 1689:

piece from Germany dated 1901. Two silver spoons were recovered, one of which was dated 1846 from the

5370: 1674: 964: 939: 1659: 434:

tiles, the largest floor area of this type to be found in any modern excavation; the remains of the

414:

house on the site, incorporating part of the abbey. This was replaced in the 18th century by a

4547: 1116: 951: 935: 902: 559: 487: 411: 384: 322: 173: 4872: 1854:

divided into two compartments, one of four and the other of three bays. It is entered through the

1366:

The bones show a variety of diseases and degenerative processes. Six skeletons showed evidence of

1153:

timber buildings in which the canons were originally housed was found in the form of 12th-century

5385: 2244: 1899: 1789: 1558: 1219: 1096: 1005:

At some time between 1727 and 1757 the Tudor house was demolished and replaced by a new house in

947: 751: 682: 554: 407: 4845: 1396: 863: 5133: 1887: 1797: 1678: 1638: 1570: 1542: 1387: 1092: 1046:

During the mid-18th century, Sir Richard Brooke was involved in a campaign to prevent the

859: 795: 1955:

and now stands in a frame in the grounds. This was opened at a ceremony performed by Sir

1898:

of the arches are decorated with a variety of carvings, the capitals being predominantly late

1685:. Only low-denomination coins were found from the 18th century and later, including a 10- 1186:

The earliest masonry building was the church, which was constructed on shallow foundations of

1083:

During the 19th century the estate was again affected by transport projects. In 1804 the

658:

for latrines and domestic purposes. They would also have been used to create watercourses and

5267: 5040: 4422: 2028: 1883: 1550: 1100: 1040: 1006: 998: 915: 529: 427: 415: 5148: 2238: 1858:

added to the west front of the country house in 1886 by way of a pair of arched doorways in

1984: 1960: 1895: 1785: 1682: 1215: 1091:; this cut off the northern part of the estate, making it only accessible by a bridge. The 1010: 906: 807: 4930: 2006:), with 20 different varieties. Close to the walled garden is a Grade II listed 1767: 8: 5352: 5293: 2931: 2407:"A Transformed Life? Geoffrey of Dutton, the Fifth Crusade, and the Holy Cross of Norton" 2007: 1940: 1903: 1859: 1590: 1460: 1425: 1231: 1176: 1069: 678: 423: 149: 1613:) style. Almost 1,300 fragments of glass from later periods, and nearly 1,150 717: 5375: 4985: 4378:"3D Laser Scanning in 3D Documentation and Digital Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage" 2665: 2434: 1851: 950:

for a little over £1,512 (equivalent to £920,000 in 2023). Brooke built a house in

832: 503: 483: 293: 168: 4342: 4201: 5252: 5237: 5097: 5081: 5062: 5044: 5014: 5002: 4989: 4899: 4389: 2438: 2426: 1815: 1772: 1702: 1502: 1120: 1047: 971: 840: 803: 739: 141: 1886:

above them. The arcades each consist of two groups of four round-headed arches with

5393: 5334: 5311: 5200: 5032: 4456: 4452: 2901: 2418: 2120: 2024: 1756: 1722: 1199: 978:. The Brookes were the first family in north Cheshire to declare allegiance to the 854:

Model of the abbey as it is thought it would have appeared in the 16th century

760: 137: 4818: 4377: 2422: 1906:. The carvings include depictions of human heads, stiff-leaf foliage and animals. 5435: 5344: 5257: 4951: 2671: 2048: 1838: 1670: 768: 697: 567: 549: 541: 522: 360: 188: 102: 53: 19:

This article is about the site in Cheshire. For the building in West Sussex, see

2406: 5316: 5247: 5210: 5073: 4791: 4634: 2676: 2672:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 1956: 1421: 1281: 1165:, and the other buildings provided accommodation for the canons and the senior 1158: 994: 471: 662:

enclosures, some of which might have been used for orchards and herb gardens.

387:. They are considered to be the most important monastic remains in Cheshire. 5451: 5398: 5326: 5321: 5085: 4764: 4393: 2430: 1991: 1726: 1643: 1634: 1520: 1511: 1456: 1413: 1405: 1391: 1269: 1242: 1124: 1031: 983: 911: 776: 764: 731: 506:. This was the only practical site where the Mersey could be crossed between 451: 227: 214: 1350: 930: 5229: 5192: 5066: 4421:, The Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland, archived from 1694: 1433: 1383: 1191: 1172: 1104: 1036: 1017: 960: 898: 701: 667: 499: 468: 439: 395: 58: 5153: 1257:, and at a distance from the south range stood the kitchen. Evidence of a 1059: 1936: 1932: 1868: 1673:

from the early 13th century. Coins from later periods were a silver

1578: 1424:, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), and possible cases of 1304: 1258: 1027: 843:. Towards the end of the 14th century, the abbey acquired a "giant" 823: 721: 705: 545: 526: 403: 98: 1538: 1319: 1115:

In 1971 J. Patrick Greene was given a contract to carry out a six-month

577:

Plan of the priory in the 12th century (left) and 13th century (right).

5362: 5303: 4265: 1914: 1874: 1846: 1831: 1718: 1647: 1610: 1441: 1417: 1250: 1180: 1166: 1052: 1013: 728: 693: 511: 507: 1665:

Six medieval coins were recovered, the earliest of which was a silver

1488: 850: 5285: 1864: 1731: 1711: 1655: 1606: 1445: 1340: 1329: 1299: 1254: 1203: 1187: 1162: 979: 914:

and then to prison in Chester. Dutton sent a report of the events to

663: 650:

Asterisk: buildings of similar function in a different later location

573: 491: 5430: 5220: 2042: 1802: 1793: 1739: 1735: 1698: 1690: 1662:

were found, dating from about 1580 to the early 20th century.

1637:, fragments of two jugs from North France, and two small pieces of 1562: 1546: 1528: 1401: 1273: 1246: 1238: 1227: 1154: 975: 956: 879: 875: 799: 755: 689: 368: 197: 145: 4675:, Norton Priory Museum & Gardens, pp. 5–6, archived from 4578:, Norton Priory Museum & Gardens, pp. 3–4, archived from 1390:

found consisted of bony changes resulting from a possible case of

1382:

affecting bones in the face, hands and feet. No definite cases of

1103:, and the northern part of the estate could only be accessed by a 4443:

Thompson, F. H. (1966), "Norton Priory, near Runcorn, Cheshire",

1944: 1855: 1686: 1651: 1618: 1586: 1574: 1516: 1472: 1449: 1429: 1379: 1265: 1261: 1223: 1131:

In 1989 Greene published his book about the excavations entitled

887: 871: 819: 558:

suggest that the dedication to St Bertelin was taken from a

533: 495: 479: 364: 192: 109: 1826: 688:

The priory was endowed by William fitz Nigel with properties in

35: 5123: 5111: 4236: 1999: 1952: 1948: 1928: 1919: 1891: 1630: 1602: 1524: 1507: 1493: 1477: 1375: 1344: 1336: 1195: 827: 518: 431: 402:. Nine years later the surviving structures, together with the 391: 1666: 1614: 1594: 1360: 1308: 1211: 959:

were still present. A 17th-century sketch plan by one of the

811: 781: 372: 5134:

Photographs of the archaeological remains and the undercroft

5007:

Norton Priory: The archaeology of a medieval religious house

1980: 1837:

The archaeological remains are recognised as a Grade I

1241:

to the south of the church. The east range incorporated the

1133:

Norton Priory: The Archaeology of a Medieval Religious House

893:

The events in 1536 surrounding the fate of the abbey at the

716:. By 1195 the priory owned eight churches, five houses, the 1743: 1707: 1582: 1532: 1207: 1073: 946:

In 1545 the abbey and the manor of Norton were sold to Sir

883: 659: 566:, the third Baron of Halton, moved the priory to a site in 475: 435: 5026: 4708:, Norton Priory Museum Trust, pp. 1–2, archived from 2879: 1646:. Fragments of pottery from abroad included pieces from a 967:

dated 1727 shows that little changed by the next century.

278: 1964: 1796:

and apex stones, supported on triple shafts with foliate

1710:(spurs with revolving pointed wheels), and about 12 897:

are complicated, and included a dispute between Sir

2699:"Henry VIII's execution note to go on display at museum" 1894:

and bases that are set on the benches. The capitals and

1030:. Also between 1757 and 1770, the Brooke family built a 681:. The church and monastic buildings were constructed in 670:

on the site provided material for floor and roof tiles.

4982:

Norton Priory: Monastery to Museum. Excavations 1970–87

4483:, Norton Priory Museum Trust, p. 1, archived from 1459:

was much lower than it is now, as was the incidence of

5078:

The History of the County Palatine and City of Chester

5523:

Christian monasteries established in the 12th century

4605:"Garden loggia in grounds of Norton Priory (1096846)" 1814:

The museum contains the medieval sandstone statue of

1095:

was built across the estate in 1837, followed by the

5538:

British country houses destroyed in the 20th century

4633:, Norton Priory Museum & Gardens, archived from 4341:, Norton Priory Museum & Gardens, archived from 4264:, Norton Priory Museum & Gardens, archived from 2900:, Norton Priory Museum & Gardens, archived from 2125:"Augustinian Abbey known as Norton Priory (1015603)" 2067:

Grade I and II* listed buildings in Halton (borough)

2038: 1452:(benign tumours of bone) were found in three cases. 544:. The priory at Runcorn had a double dedication, to 521:

was the second religious house to be founded in the

5080:(2nd ed.), London: George Routledge and Sons, 4732: 4602: 2950: 2948: 2152: 2119: 2072:

List of Scheduled Monuments in Cheshire (1066–1539)

1535:in which most of the tiles on the site were fired. 1420:. Other diseases specific to bones and joints were 1237:The other early buildings were built surrounding a 1194:. The walls were built in local red sandstone with 16:

Historic site in Norton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England

5039:, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: 3465: 3463: 2188: 2186: 748:William, Earl Warenne, the 5th Earl of Surrey 4979: 4952:"Norton Priory: Museum reopens on monastery site" 4735:"Ice House in grounds of Norton Priory (1130434)" 4363: 4323: 4298: 4285: 4223: 4187: 4174: 4162: 4150: 4138: 4126: 4114: 4102: 4089: 4076: 4064: 4051: 4038: 4025: 4013: 4000: 3987: 3974: 3949: 3936: 3923: 3910: 3873: 3843: 3830: 3817: 3804: 3792: 3780: 3768: 3756: 3743: 3730: 3717: 3704: 3691: 3678: 3665: 3652: 3639: 3626: 3613: 3600: 3587: 3574: 3561: 3548: 3535: 3523: 3498: 3486: 3469: 3454: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3406: 3394: 3370: 3358: 3346: 3334: 3310: 3298: 3286: 3274: 3262: 3250: 3238: 3214: 3202: 3178: 3154: 3118: 3094: 3070: 3022: 3010: 2982: 2955: 2867: 2854: 2841: 2802: 2790: 2778: 2766: 2634: 2598: 2538: 2514: 2475: 2329: 2312: 2300: 2288: 2276: 2192: 1202:core. The ground plan of the original church was 886:from marshes over which the priory had rights of 5468:Religious organizations established in the 1110s 5449: 2945: 2240:House of Augustinian canons: The abbey of Norton 442:used for casting the bell; and a large medieval 4980:Brown, Fraser; Howard-Davis, Christine (2008), 3460: 2660: 2658: 2236: 2183: 1483: 1026:series, the architect responsible for this was 2237:Elrington, C. R.; Harris, B. E., eds. (1980), 1428:. Three skeletons showed possible evidence of 5169: 3856: 3854: 3852: 2148: 2146: 2115: 2113: 1343:, another has a cross, a dragon and a female 1288: 562:church already existing on the site. In 1134 4898:, Norton Priory Museum Trust, archived from 4871:, Norton Priory Museum Trust, archived from 4844:, Norton Priory Museum Trust, archived from 4817:, Norton Priory Museum Trust, archived from 4790:, Norton Priory Museum Trust, archived from 4763:, Norton Priory Museum Trust, archived from 4506: 4504: 4186:Howard-Davis, Christine and Bowden, Alan in 2655: 1730:include fragments of kame (the lead used in 1624: 1400:. Other spinal abnormalities included fused 1142: 5183: 1573:decorated with leaves and a portion of the 986:was a short distance away, and was held by 5176: 5162: 5061:, London and Warrington: Mackie & Co, 3849: 2143: 2110: 1931:in yellow sandstone, possibly designed by 4501: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4411: 4409: 4375: 3482: 3480: 3478: 2978: 2976: 2920: 2918: 2668:inflation figures are based on data from 1821: 1110: 4442: 4199: 2890: 2888: 2837: 2835: 2062:Listed buildings in Runcorn (urban area) 1979: 1913: 1878:North arcade in the former outer parlour 1873: 1825: 1766: 1537: 1487: 1349: 1318: 1171: 1058: 993: 929: 901:, who was in a powerful position as the 849: 572: 371:, England, comprising the remains of an 5091: 5072: 5056: 4310: 3034: 2993: 2991: 2967: 2826: 2814: 2754: 2742: 2730: 2649: 2490: 2463: 2404: 2392: 2344: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2177: 1810:Statue of St Christopher, Norton Priory 720:of at least eight mills, the rights of 5450: 5001: 4654: 4534: 4522: 4510: 4463: 4406: 4369: 3961: 3897: 3885: 3860: 3510: 3475: 3382: 3322: 3226: 3190: 3166: 3142: 3130: 3106: 3082: 3058: 3046: 2997: 2973: 2915: 2784: 2718: 2696: 2645: 2643: 2622: 2610: 2586: 2574: 2562: 2550: 2526: 2502: 2486: 2484: 2451: 2380: 2368: 2356: 2340: 2338: 2264: 2207: 2104: 1222:with a tower above it, a square-ended 406:of Norton, were purchased by Sir 40:Foundations of the monastic buildings, 5157: 4050:Dawson, Jo, with McPhillips, Sean in 2885: 2832: 2669: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2013: 974:the house was attacked by a force of 5488:Grade I listed buildings in Cheshire 4241:, Norton Priory Museum & Gardens 2988: 2318: 2203: 2201: 2155:"Remains of Norton Priory (1130433)" 1161:church; another was most likely the 734:, which had been founded in 1178 by 5513:Buildings and structures in Runcorn 4376:La Pensée, Annemarie (March 2008), 2748: 2640: 2481: 2405:Hurlock, Kathryn (2 January 2017). 2335: 2057:List of monastic houses in Cheshire 1523:, thought to be part of a military 1436:, and three crania had features of 1147: 13: 5458:Augustinian monasteries in England 5243:Chester, St John the Baptist Abbey 4739:National Heritage List for England 4609:National Heritage List for England 4549:Norton Priory Museum & Gardens 4477:Museum and Grounds: The Undercroft 4238:Norton Priory Museum & Gardens 4206:, Norton Priory Museum and Gardens 2930:, Web Publications, archived from 2213: 2159:National Heritage List for England 2130:National Heritage List for England 1466: 1137:Norton Priory: Monastery to Museum 381:National Heritage List for England 42:and the back of the museum at left 14: 5554: 5533:Archaeological museums in England 5503:1536 disestablishments in England 5105: 2198: 1975: 1527:, and tiles bearing fragments of 771:were also important benefactors. 738:, the sixth baron. Archaeologist 115:Diocese of Coventry and Lichfield 5498:Archaeological sites in Cheshire 5429: 5219: 5110: 5027:Hartwell, Clare; Hyde, Matthew; 4944: 4913: 4886: 4859: 4832: 4805: 4778: 4751: 4726: 4693: 4660: 4648: 4621: 4596: 4563: 4540: 4528: 4516: 4436: 4356: 4329: 4316: 4304: 4291: 4279: 4252: 4229: 4217: 4200:Hargrave, Frank (6 April 2017), 4193: 4180: 4168: 4156: 4144: 4132: 4120: 4108: 4095: 4082: 4070: 4057: 4044: 4031: 4019: 4006: 3993: 3980: 3967: 3955: 3942: 3929: 3916: 3903: 3891: 3879: 3866: 3836: 3823: 3810: 3798: 3786: 3774: 3762: 3749: 3736: 3723: 3710: 3697: 3684: 3671: 3658: 3645: 3632: 3619: 3606: 3593: 3580: 3567: 3554: 3541: 3529: 3516: 3504: 2082:Brooke baronets of Norton Priory 2041: 1272:. There were also two beak-head 1249:, the canons' dormitory and the 925: 845:statue of Saint Christopher 444:statue of Saint Christopher 34: 5518:Scheduled monuments in Cheshire 5483:Tourist attractions in Cheshire 5418:Chester, St Michael's Monastery 3492: 3448: 3436: 3424: 3412: 3400: 3388: 3376: 3364: 3352: 3340: 3328: 3316: 3304: 3292: 3280: 3268: 3256: 3244: 3232: 3220: 3208: 3196: 3184: 3172: 3160: 3148: 3136: 3124: 3112: 3100: 3088: 3076: 3064: 3052: 3040: 3028: 3016: 3003: 2961: 2873: 2860: 2847: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2772: 2760: 2736: 2724: 2712: 2690: 2628: 2616: 2604: 2592: 2580: 2568: 2556: 2544: 2532: 2520: 2508: 2496: 2469: 2457: 2445: 2398: 2386: 2374: 2362: 2350: 2306: 2294: 2282: 2077:Norman architecture in Cheshire 1378:. One skeleton showed signs of 754:a year in order to "maintain a 5543:1115 establishments in England 5478:Norman architecture in England 4927:Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation 4630:Woodland & Sculpture Trail 4457:10.1080/00665983.1966.11077399 2697:Taylor, Rebecca (3 May 2018), 2270: 2258: 2171: 2098: 1902:in style and the arches early 1749: 1725:(1187–91). Two other possible 1438:hyperostosis frontalis interna 1323:Coffins found at Norton Priory 1097:Warrington and Chester Railway 895:dissolution of the monasteries 438:where the tiles were fired; a 400:dissolution of the monasteries 1: 5076:(1882), Thomas Helsby (ed.), 4364:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4324:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4299:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4286:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4224:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4188:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4175:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4163:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4151:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4139:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4127:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4115:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4103:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4090:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4077:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4065:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4052:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4039:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4026:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4014:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 4001:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3988:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3975:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3950:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3937:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3924:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3911:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3874:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3844:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3831:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3818:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3805:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3793:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3781:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3769:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3757:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3744:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3731:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3718:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3705:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3692:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3679:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3666:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3653:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3640:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3627:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3614:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3601:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3588:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3575:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3562:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3549:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3536:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3524:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3499:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3487:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3470:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3455:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3443:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3431:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3419:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3407:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3395:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3371:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3359:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3347:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3335:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3311:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3299:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3287:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3275:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3263:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3251:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3239:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3215:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3203:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3179:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3155:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3119:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3095:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3071:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3023:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 3011:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2983:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2956:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2868:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2855:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2842:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2803:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2791:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2779:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2767:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2635:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2599:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2539:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2515:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2476:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2423:10.1080/0078172X.2017.1263069 2330:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2313:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2301:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2289:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2277:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2193:Brown & Howard-Davis 2008 2087: 1963:was developed as part of the 502:where it narrows to form the 383:as a designated Grade I 1927:Grade II listed garden 1621:roof tiles were also found. 1484:Artefacts from the buildings 1089:Mersey and Irwell Navigation 710:St Mary, Great Budworth 708:, including the churches of 594: early–mid 13th century 21:Norton Priory, Church Norton 7: 5139:Norton Priory Walled Garden 2034: 1063:Wine bins in the undercroft 938:house from the west by the 498:, on the south bank of the 10: 5559: 5493:Grade I listed monasteries 5276:Chester Friars of the Sack 5011:Cambridge University Press 4386:National Museums Liverpool 4288:, pp. 82–84, 295–298. 1909: 1843:scheduled ancient monument 1807: 1314: 1289:Priory and abbey 1236–1536 1087:was opened, replacing the 1085:Runcorn to Latchford Canal 457: 377:scheduled ancient monument 18: 5425: 5407: 5384: 5371:Chester Franciscan Friary 5361: 5343: 5302: 5284: 5266: 5228: 5217: 5191: 5057:Nickson, Charles (1887), 4203:New museum breaks records 1762: 1625:Artefacts from daily life 1444:condition affecting post- 1143:Findings from excavations 822:, and to give the solemn 564:William fitz William 462: 426:doorway; a finely carved 350: 346: 338: 330: 320: 316: 308: 300: 291: 287: 273: 265: 257: 243: 204: 184: 179: 164: 159: 120: 108: 94: 79: 64: 52: 47: 33: 4986:Oxford Archaeology North 4669:The Medieval Herb Garden 3642:, pp. 118, 160–161. 3445:, pp. 106, 108–110. 1830:Rib vaulted roof of the 1721:dating from the rule of 1681:and a silver penny from 1298:further extended when a 788: 780:holy cross of Norton, a 714:St Michael, Chester 582: early 12th century 530:St Werburgh's Abbey 379:and are recorded in the 5463:Monasteries in Cheshire 5185:Monasteries in Cheshire 5149:Victoria County History 5092:Starkey, H. F. (1990), 4814:Schools & Community 4418:Norton Priory, Cheshire 2670:Clark, Gregory (2017), 2245:Victoria County History 1943:, and above these is a 1935:. At its front are two 1782:Paget's disease of bone 1412:. Definite evidence of 1368:Paget's disease of bone 1245:and also contained the 1198:faces and a rubble and 588: late 12th century 555:Victoria County History 467:In 1115 a community of 5098:Halton Borough Council 4445:Archaeological Journal 1987: 1923: 1879: 1834: 1822:Archaeological remains 1776: 1569:style; they include a 1561:style and include two 1554: 1497: 1410:transitional vertebrae 1388:congenital abnormality 1355: 1324: 1226:, and north and south 1190:rubble and pebbles on 1183: 1111:Excavations and museum 1093:Grand Junction Railway 1064: 1002: 943: 855: 736:John fitz Richard 654: 635:M: extended west front 394:was established as an 359:is a historic site in 5268:Brothers of Penitence 5129:History of the Priory 5119:at Wikimedia Commons 5041:Yale University Press 3742:Boylston, Anthea, in 3729:Boylston, Anthea, in 3716:Boylston, Anthea, in 3703:Boylston, Anthea, in 3690:Boylston, Anthea, in 3677:Boylston, Anthea, in 3664:Boylston, Anthea, in 3651:Boylston, Anthea, in 3638:Boylston, Anthea, in 3625:Boylston, Anthea, in 3612:Boylston, Anthea, in 3599:Boylston, Anthea, in 3586:Boylston, Anthea, in 3573:Boylston, Anthea, in 3560:Butler, Lawrence, in 3547:Butler, Lawrence, in 3522:Butler, Lawrence, in 2029:Heritage Lottery Fund 2021:Positive Partnerships 1983: 1917: 1877: 1829: 1770: 1654:and items of Chinese 1541: 1510:. The tiles were all 1491: 1432:, two had changes of 1353: 1322: 1206:, and consisted of a 1175: 1101:Manchester Ship Canal 1062: 997: 933: 853: 576: 552:. The authors of the 536:, founded in 1093 by 48:Monastery information 4895:Awards & Funders 4088:Vose, Ruth Hurst in 4037:Vose, Ruth Hurst in 4012:Harrison, Stuart in 3999:Harrison, Stuart in 3986:Harrison, Stuart in 3973:Harrison, Stuart in 3783:, pp. 200, 213. 3771:, pp. 197, 204. 2880:Hartwell et al. 2011 1990:The 3.5 acre (1 ha) 1788:pointed arches with 1701:tip), and part of a 1693:. Objects made from 1397:spina bifida occulta 1023:Buildings of England 907:Valor Ecclesiasticus 874:lands were used for 525:; the first was the 5528:Museums in Cheshire 5436:Cheshire portal 5353:Chester Blackfriars 5294:Chester Whitefriars 4922:Finalists announced 4657:, pp. 120–122. 4537:, pp. 111–114. 4326:, pp. 316–317. 4190:, pp. 418–420. 4177:, pp. 403–408. 4165:, pp. 395–403. 4153:, pp. 390–395. 4141:, pp. 376–390. 4117:, pp. 375–376. 4105:, pp. 371–373. 4101:Davey, Peter J. in 4092:, pp. 358–370. 4079:, pp. 344–117. 4067:, pp. 333–344. 4054:, pp. 329–332. 4041:, pp. 328–329. 4028:, pp. 324–328. 4016:, pp. 302–314. 4003:, pp. 293–297. 3990:, pp. 283–292. 3952:, pp. 267–271. 3939:, pp. 257–261. 3926:, pp. 250–257. 3913:, pp. 245–246. 3900:, pp. 133–136. 3846:, pp. 231–282. 3833:, pp. 228–230. 3807:, pp. 207–212. 3759:, pp. 183–195. 3746:, pp. 179–180. 3733:, pp. 178–179. 3720:, pp. 172–177. 3694:, pp. 170–171. 3681:, pp. 168–170. 3668:, pp. 166–167. 3655:, pp. 164–166. 3629:, pp. 160–161. 3603:, pp. 152–153. 3564:, pp. 147–148. 3551:, pp. 138–147. 3501:, pp. 79, 100. 3472:, pp. 112–115. 3457:, pp. 106–108. 3433:, pp. 103–104. 3013:, pp. 226–228. 3000:, pp. 102–105. 2882:, pp. 568–569. 2870:, pp. 221–222. 2781:, pp. 197–199. 2517:, pp. 431–432. 2291:, pp. 12, 426. 2279:, pp. 425–426. 1996:national collection 1771:Medieval statue of 1549:from reconstructed 1496:tiles in the museum 1461:periodontal disease 1426:spondyloarthropathy 903:Sheriff of Cheshire 808:pontifical insignia 638:N: extended chancel 614:F: cellarer's range 474:was founded in the 224: / 174:2nd Baron of Halton 154:Pirton (now Pyrton) 150:Burton upon Stather 134:St Michael, Chester 121:Controlled churches 30: 5376:Chester Greyfriars 5059:History of Runcorn 5003:Greene, J. Patrick 4733:Historic England, 4603:Historic England, 4525:, pp. 94–100. 4063:Vaughan, Jenny in 3948:Keen, Laurence in 3935:Keen, Laurence in 3922:Keen, Laurence in 3909:Keen, Laurence in 3872:Keen, Laurence in 3842:Keen, Laurence in 3829:Johnson, Nick. in 2666:Retail Price Index 2247:, pp. 165–171 2153:Historic England, 2014:Current activities 1988: 1924: 1880: 1835: 1777: 1677:from the reign of 1660:clay tobacco pipes 1555: 1498: 1372:osteitis deformans 1356: 1354:Carved coffin lids 1325: 1184: 1065: 1003: 944: 856: 833:duchy of Lancaster 744:Roger de Lacy 655: 523:Earldom of Chester 484:William fitz Nigel 339:Reference no. 309:Reference no. 294:Scheduled monument 228:53.3423°N 2.6799°W 169:William fitz Nigel 28: 5508:English Civil War 5473:Ruins in Cheshire 5443: 5442: 5253:Curzon Park Abbey 5144:Aerial photograph 5115:Media related to 5050:978-0-300-17043-6 5033:Pevsner, Nikolaus 4995:978-0-904220-52-0 4875:on 22 August 2016 4848:on 22 August 2016 4821:on 22 August 2016 4794:on 22 August 2016 4702:The Walled Garden 4425:on 2 October 2012 4362:Marrow, D. J. in 4345:on 13 August 2016 4297:Marrow, D. J. in 4268:on 13 August 2016 3421:, pp. 97–99. 3409:, pp. 92–93. 3373:, pp. 87–88. 3337:, pp. 79–82. 3313:, pp. 75–76. 3277:, pp. 66–70. 3229:, pp. 90–93. 3205:, pp. 50–51. 3181:, pp. 54–63. 3169:, pp. 87–89. 3157:, pp. 46–50. 3145:, pp. 81–87. 3121:, pp. 38–41. 3109:, pp. 73–79. 3097:, pp. 35–38. 3037:, pp. 39–40. 2817:, p. 1:lxii. 2745:, pp. 32–38. 2733:, pp. 38–39. 2721:, pp. 69–72. 2637:, pp. 23–28. 2625:, pp. 67–69. 2589:, pp. 66–67. 2565:, pp. 65–66. 2529:, pp. 64–65. 2454:, pp. 15–16. 2395:, pp. 35–36. 2315:, pp. 15–16. 1816:Saint Christopher 1639:Saintonge pottery 1121:Bridgewater Canal 1048:Bridgewater Canal 1001:house before 1868 934:Engraving of the 804:Ratcliffe-on-Soar 802:of the church at 763:and the other in 740:J. Patrick Greene 611:E: south transept 608:D: north transept 354: 353: 142:Ratcliffe-on-Soar 5550: 5434: 5433: 5394:Combermere Abbey 5335:Vale Royal Abbey 5312:Combermere Abbey 5223: 5201:Mobberley Priory 5178: 5171: 5164: 5155: 5154: 5124:Official website 5114: 5100: 5088: 5069: 5053: 5023: 4998: 4967: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4929:, archived from 4917: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4868:Community Groups 4863: 4857: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4767:on 4 August 2016 4755: 4749: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4714: 4707: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4681: 4674: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4584: 4577: 4572:The Priory Ruins 4567: 4561: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4520: 4514: 4508: 4499: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4489: 4482: 4472: 4461: 4460: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4413: 4404: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4373: 4367: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4333: 4327: 4322:Marrow D. J. in 4320: 4314: 4313:, pp. 5–26. 4308: 4302: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4197: 4191: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4099: 4093: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4061: 4055: 4048: 4042: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4010: 4004: 3997: 3991: 3984: 3978: 3971: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3946: 3940: 3933: 3927: 3920: 3914: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3847: 3840: 3834: 3827: 3821: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3755:Ogden, Alan, in 3753: 3747: 3740: 3734: 3727: 3721: 3714: 3708: 3701: 3695: 3688: 3682: 3675: 3669: 3662: 3656: 3649: 3643: 3636: 3630: 3623: 3617: 3610: 3604: 3597: 3591: 3584: 3578: 3571: 3565: 3558: 3552: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3473: 3467: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2986: 2980: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2952: 2943: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2922: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2892: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2864: 2858: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2662: 2653: 2647: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2479: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2411:Northern History 2402: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2383:, pp. 9–15. 2378: 2372: 2366: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2333: 2327: 2316: 2310: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2268: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2234: 2211: 2205: 2196: 2190: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2150: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2121:Historic England 2117: 2108: 2102: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2025:Gulbenkian Prize 1939:columns and two 1890:, free-standing 1775:at Norton Priory 1757:charitable trust 1723:Pope Clement III 1650:mug, a jug from 1148:Priory 1134–1236 820:pontifical staff 810:, including the 732:abbey at Stanlow 623:I: chapter house 593: 587: 581: 440:bell casting pit 283: 280: 253: 239: 238: 236: 235: 234: 233:53.3423; -2.6799 229: 225: 222: 221: 220: 217: 138:Castle Donington 90: 88: 75: 73: 38: 31: 27: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5548: 5547: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5439: 5428: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5403: 5380: 5357: 5339: 5298: 5280: 5262: 5258:Saighton Grange 5224: 5215: 5187: 5182: 5108: 5103: 5074:Ormerod, George 5051: 5029:Hubbard, Edward 5021: 4996: 4970: 4961: 4959: 4958:, 6 August 2016 4950: 4949: 4945: 4936: 4934: 4933:on 19 July 2011 4919: 4918: 4914: 4905: 4903: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4878: 4876: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4851: 4849: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4824: 4822: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4797: 4795: 4784: 4783: 4779: 4770: 4768: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4743: 4741: 4731: 4727: 4718: 4716: 4715:on 27 July 2011 4712: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4685: 4683: 4682:on 27 July 2011 4679: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4653: 4649: 4640: 4638: 4637:on 4 March 2010 4627: 4626: 4622: 4613: 4611: 4601: 4597: 4588: 4586: 4585:on 27 July 2011 4582: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4555: 4553: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4533: 4529: 4521: 4517: 4509: 4502: 4493: 4491: 4490:on 27 July 2011 4487: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4464: 4441: 4437: 4428: 4426: 4415: 4414: 4407: 4398: 4396: 4384:, vol. 4, 4382:3DVisA Bulletin 4374: 4370: 4361: 4357: 4348: 4346: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4321: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4296: 4292: 4284: 4280: 4271: 4269: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4244: 4242: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4226:, pp. 6–8. 4222: 4218: 4209: 4207: 4198: 4194: 4185: 4181: 4173: 4169: 4161: 4157: 4149: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4125: 4121: 4113: 4109: 4100: 4096: 4087: 4083: 4075: 4071: 4062: 4058: 4049: 4045: 4036: 4032: 4024: 4020: 4011: 4007: 3998: 3994: 3985: 3981: 3972: 3968: 3960: 3956: 3947: 3943: 3934: 3930: 3921: 3917: 3908: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3850: 3841: 3837: 3828: 3824: 3816:Morriss, R. in 3815: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3767: 3763: 3754: 3750: 3741: 3737: 3728: 3724: 3715: 3711: 3702: 3698: 3689: 3685: 3676: 3672: 3663: 3659: 3650: 3646: 3637: 3633: 3624: 3620: 3611: 3607: 3598: 3594: 3585: 3581: 3572: 3568: 3559: 3555: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3476: 3468: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3441: 3437: 3429: 3425: 3417: 3413: 3405: 3401: 3393: 3389: 3381: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3345: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3321: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3285: 3281: 3273: 3269: 3261: 3257: 3249: 3245: 3237: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3201: 3197: 3189: 3185: 3177: 3173: 3165: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3033: 3029: 3021: 3017: 3009:Morriss, R. in 3008: 3004: 2996: 2989: 2981: 2974: 2966: 2962: 2954:Morriss, R. in 2953: 2946: 2937: 2935: 2934:on 22 June 2008 2924: 2923: 2916: 2907: 2905: 2904:on 16 July 2008 2894: 2893: 2886: 2878: 2874: 2866:Morriss, R. in 2865: 2861: 2853:Morriss, R. in 2852: 2848: 2840: 2833: 2825: 2821: 2813: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2789: 2785: 2777: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2753: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2713: 2704: 2702: 2695: 2691: 2682: 2680: 2663: 2656: 2648: 2641: 2633: 2629: 2621: 2617: 2609: 2605: 2597: 2593: 2585: 2581: 2573: 2569: 2561: 2557: 2549: 2545: 2537: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2482: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2450: 2446: 2403: 2399: 2391: 2387: 2379: 2375: 2371:, pp. 7–8. 2367: 2363: 2359:, pp. 3–6. 2355: 2351: 2347:, pp. 3–6. 2343: 2336: 2328: 2319: 2311: 2307: 2299: 2295: 2287: 2283: 2275: 2271: 2267:, pp. 2–3. 2263: 2259: 2250: 2248: 2235: 2214: 2206: 2199: 2191: 2184: 2176: 2172: 2163: 2161: 2151: 2144: 2135: 2133: 2118: 2111: 2107:, pp. 3–5. 2103: 2099: 2090: 2049:Cheshire portal 2047: 2040: 2037: 2016: 2004:Cydonia oblonga 1978: 1912: 1839:listed building 1824: 1812: 1765: 1752: 1627: 1486: 1469: 1414:fractured bones 1392:Down's syndrome 1317: 1291: 1179:doorway in the 1150: 1145: 1113: 1037:barrel vaulting 928: 920:Thomas Cromwell 916:Henry VIII 890:(to cut turf). 791: 698:Nottinghamshire 653: 644:P: south chapel 641:O: north chapel 595: 591: 589: 585: 583: 579: 542:Earl of Chester 488:Baron of Halton 465: 460: 385:listed building 326: 323:Listed Building 296: 277: 258:Visible remains 249: 232: 230: 226: 223: 218: 215: 213: 211: 210: 196: 172: 132: 86: 84: 71: 69: 43: 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5556: 5546: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5441: 5440: 5426: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5419: 5415: 5413: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5390: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5367: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5349: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5337: 5332: 5331:Stanney Grange 5329: 5324: 5319: 5317:Darnhall Abbey 5314: 5308: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5278: 5272: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5248:Chester Priory 5245: 5240: 5234: 5232: 5226: 5225: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5211:Runcorn Priory 5208: 5203: 5197: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5181: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5107: 5106:External links 5104: 5102: 5101: 5089: 5070: 5054: 5049: 5024: 5019: 4999: 4994: 4976: 4969: 4968: 4943: 4912: 4902:on 19 May 2012 4885: 4858: 4841:Schools Groups 4831: 4804: 4777: 4750: 4725: 4692: 4659: 4647: 4620: 4595: 4562: 4539: 4527: 4515: 4500: 4462: 4435: 4405: 4368: 4366:, p. 316. 4355: 4338:St Christopher 4328: 4315: 4303: 4301:, p. 318. 4290: 4278: 4251: 4228: 4216: 4192: 4179: 4167: 4155: 4143: 4131: 4129:, p. 376. 4119: 4107: 4094: 4081: 4069: 4056: 4043: 4030: 4018: 4005: 3992: 3979: 3977:, p. 282. 3966: 3964:, p. 136. 3954: 3941: 3928: 3915: 3902: 3890: 3888:, p. 148. 3878: 3876:, p. 282. 3865: 3863:, p. 133. 3848: 3835: 3822: 3820:, p. 219. 3809: 3797: 3795:, p. 207. 3785: 3773: 3761: 3748: 3735: 3722: 3709: 3707:, p. 172. 3696: 3683: 3670: 3657: 3644: 3631: 3618: 3616:, p. 154. 3605: 3592: 3590:, p. 151. 3579: 3577:, p. 149. 3566: 3553: 3540: 3538:, p. 116. 3528: 3526:, p. 148. 3515: 3503: 3491: 3489:, p. 117. 3474: 3459: 3447: 3435: 3423: 3411: 3399: 3387: 3385:, p. 118. 3375: 3363: 3351: 3339: 3327: 3325:, p. 110. 3315: 3303: 3291: 3279: 3267: 3255: 3243: 3231: 3219: 3217:, p. 428. 3207: 3195: 3183: 3171: 3159: 3147: 3135: 3123: 3111: 3099: 3087: 3075: 3073:, p. xxi. 3063: 3051: 3039: 3027: 3015: 3002: 2987: 2985:, p. 225. 2972: 2970:, p. 126. 2960: 2958:, p. 225. 2944: 2914: 2884: 2872: 2859: 2857:, p. 220. 2846: 2831: 2819: 2807: 2805:, p. 202. 2795: 2793:, p. 200. 2783: 2771: 2769:, p. 441. 2759: 2747: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2689: 2677:MeasuringWorth 2654: 2639: 2627: 2615: 2603: 2591: 2579: 2567: 2555: 2543: 2531: 2519: 2507: 2495: 2480: 2478:, p. 430. 2468: 2456: 2444: 2397: 2385: 2373: 2361: 2349: 2334: 2317: 2305: 2293: 2281: 2269: 2257: 2212: 2197: 2195:, p. 425. 2182: 2170: 2142: 2109: 2096: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2053: 2052: 2036: 2033: 2015: 2012: 1977: 1976:Walled gardens 1974: 1957:Bernard Lovell 1947:with a fluted 1922:in the grounds 1911: 1908: 1869:groined vaults 1865:ribbed vaulted 1823: 1820: 1808:Main article: 1773:St Christopher 1764: 1761: 1751: 1748: 1732:leaded windows 1626: 1623: 1599:string courses 1485: 1482: 1468: 1465: 1422:osteoarthritis 1316: 1313: 1290: 1287: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1112: 1109: 948:Richard Brooke 927: 924: 876:arable farming 790: 787: 652: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 603: 600: 596: 590: 584: 578: 546:Saint Bertelin 464: 461: 459: 456: 410:, who built a 408:Richard Brooke 352: 351: 348: 347: 344: 343: 340: 336: 335: 332: 328: 327: 321: 318: 317: 314: 313: 310: 306: 305: 302: 298: 297: 292: 289: 288: 285: 284: 275: 271: 270: 267: 263: 262: 259: 255: 254: 247: 245:Grid reference 241: 240: 208: 202: 201: 186: 182: 181: 177: 176: 166: 162: 161: 157: 156: 129:Great Budworth 122: 118: 117: 112: 106: 105: 99:Saint Bertelin 96: 92: 91: 81: 80:Disestablished 77: 76: 66: 62: 61: 56: 50: 49: 45: 44: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5555: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5446: 5438: 5437: 5432: 5424: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5406: 5400: 5399:Poulton Abbey 5397: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5336: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5327:Stanlow Abbey 5325: 5323: 5322:Poulton Abbey 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5265: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5238:Chester Abbey 5236: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5206:Norton Priory 5204: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5179: 5174: 5172: 5167: 5165: 5160: 5159: 5156: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5117:Norton Priory 5113: 5099: 5095: 5090: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5052: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5025: 5022: 5020:0-521-33054-8 5016: 5012: 5009:, Cambridge: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4997: 4991: 4987: 4984:, Lancaster: 4983: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4974: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4923: 4916: 4901: 4897: 4896: 4889: 4874: 4870: 4869: 4862: 4847: 4843: 4842: 4835: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4808: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4781: 4766: 4762: 4761: 4754: 4740: 4736: 4729: 4711: 4704: 4703: 4696: 4678: 4671: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4651: 4636: 4632: 4631: 4624: 4610: 4606: 4599: 4581: 4574: 4573: 4566: 4551: 4550: 4543: 4536: 4531: 4524: 4519: 4513:, p. 94. 4512: 4507: 4505: 4486: 4479: 4478: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4424: 4420: 4419: 4412: 4410: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4372: 4365: 4359: 4344: 4340: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4319: 4312: 4307: 4300: 4294: 4287: 4282: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4255: 4240: 4239: 4232: 4225: 4220: 4205: 4204: 4196: 4189: 4183: 4176: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4152: 4147: 4140: 4135: 4128: 4123: 4116: 4111: 4104: 4098: 4091: 4085: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4060: 4053: 4047: 4040: 4034: 4027: 4022: 4015: 4009: 4002: 3996: 3989: 3983: 3976: 3970: 3963: 3958: 3951: 3945: 3938: 3932: 3925: 3919: 3912: 3906: 3899: 3894: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3869: 3862: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3845: 3839: 3832: 3826: 3819: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3794: 3789: 3782: 3777: 3770: 3765: 3758: 3752: 3745: 3739: 3732: 3726: 3719: 3713: 3706: 3700: 3693: 3687: 3680: 3674: 3667: 3661: 3654: 3648: 3641: 3635: 3628: 3622: 3615: 3609: 3602: 3596: 3589: 3583: 3576: 3570: 3563: 3557: 3550: 3544: 3537: 3532: 3525: 3519: 3513:, p. 12. 3512: 3507: 3500: 3495: 3488: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3471: 3466: 3464: 3456: 3451: 3444: 3439: 3432: 3427: 3420: 3415: 3408: 3403: 3397:, p. 91. 3396: 3391: 3384: 3379: 3372: 3367: 3361:, p. 79. 3360: 3355: 3349:, p. 82. 3348: 3343: 3336: 3331: 3324: 3319: 3312: 3307: 3301:, p. 72. 3300: 3295: 3289:, p. 71. 3288: 3283: 3276: 3271: 3265:, p. 66. 3264: 3259: 3253:, p. 64. 3252: 3247: 3241:, p. 63. 3240: 3235: 3228: 3223: 3216: 3211: 3204: 3199: 3193:, p. 93. 3192: 3187: 3180: 3175: 3168: 3163: 3156: 3151: 3144: 3139: 3133:, p. 80. 3132: 3127: 3120: 3115: 3108: 3103: 3096: 3091: 3085:, p. 73. 3084: 3079: 3072: 3067: 3060: 3055: 3049:, p. ix. 3048: 3043: 3036: 3031: 3025:, p. 34. 3024: 3019: 3012: 3006: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2984: 2979: 2977: 2969: 2964: 2957: 2951: 2949: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2927:Norton Priory 2921: 2919: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2897:Walled Garden 2891: 2889: 2881: 2876: 2869: 2863: 2856: 2850: 2844:, p. 32. 2843: 2838: 2836: 2829:, p. 57. 2828: 2823: 2816: 2811: 2804: 2799: 2792: 2787: 2780: 2775: 2768: 2763: 2757:, p. 39. 2756: 2751: 2744: 2739: 2732: 2727: 2720: 2715: 2700: 2693: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2659: 2652:, p. 38. 2651: 2646: 2644: 2636: 2631: 2624: 2619: 2613:, p. 67. 2612: 2607: 2601:, p. 22. 2600: 2595: 2588: 2583: 2577:, p. 66. 2576: 2571: 2564: 2559: 2553:, p. 65. 2552: 2547: 2541:, p. 21. 2540: 2535: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2511: 2505:, p. 21. 2504: 2499: 2493:, p. 37. 2492: 2487: 2485: 2477: 2472: 2466:, p. 36. 2465: 2460: 2453: 2448: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2401: 2394: 2389: 2382: 2377: 2370: 2365: 2358: 2353: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2332:, p. 23. 2331: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2314: 2309: 2303:, p. 16. 2302: 2297: 2290: 2285: 2278: 2273: 2266: 2261: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2209: 2204: 2202: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2179: 2174: 2160: 2156: 2149: 2147: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2116: 2114: 2106: 2101: 2097: 2095: 2094: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2044: 2039: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1992:walled garden 1986: 1982: 1973: 1970: 1969:Hidden Garden 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1921: 1916: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1876: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1833: 1828: 1819: 1817: 1811: 1806: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1774: 1769: 1760: 1758: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1644:Staffordshire 1640: 1636: 1635:Stamford Ware 1632: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1553:in the museum 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1495: 1490: 1481: 1479: 1474: 1467:Country house 1464: 1462: 1458: 1457:dental caries 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1406:spondylolysis 1403: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1362: 1352: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1321: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1295: 1286: 1283: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1243:chapter house 1240: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1159:timber-framed 1156: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1061: 1057: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1032:walled garden 1029: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1008: 1000: 996: 992: 989: 985: 984:Halton Castle 981: 980:Parliamentary 977: 973: 968: 966: 965:Buck brothers 962: 958: 953: 949: 941: 940:Buck brothers 937: 932: 926:Country house 923: 921: 917: 913: 912:Halton Castle 908: 904: 900: 896: 891: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 867: 865: 861: 852: 848: 846: 842: 838: 837:John of Gaunt 834: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 786: 783: 778: 777:chapter house 772: 770: 766: 765:Sutton Weaver 762: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 730: 725: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 686: 684: 680: 676: 671: 669: 665: 661: 649: 646: 643: 640: 637: 634: 631: 628: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 597: 575: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 556: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 528: 524: 520: 515: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 486:, the second 485: 481: 477: 473: 470: 455: 453: 452:walled garden 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 430:; a floor of 429: 425: 419: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 388: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 357:Norton Priory 349: 345: 341: 337: 334:23 April 1970 333: 329: 324: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 290: 286: 282: 276: 272: 268: 266:Public access 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 246: 242: 237: 209: 207: 203: 199: 194: 190: 187: 183: 178: 175: 170: 167: 163: 158: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 130: 126: 123: 119: 116: 113: 111: 107: 104: 100: 97: 93: 82: 78: 67: 63: 60: 57: 55: 51: 46: 37: 32: 29:Norton Priory 26: 22: 5445: 5427: 5205: 5109: 5093: 5077: 5058: 5036: 5006: 4981: 4972: 4971: 4960:, retrieved 4955: 4946: 4935:, retrieved 4931:the original 4921: 4915: 4904:, retrieved 4900:the original 4894: 4888: 4877:, retrieved 4873:the original 4867: 4861: 4850:, retrieved 4846:the original 4840: 4834: 4823:, retrieved 4819:the original 4813: 4807: 4796:, retrieved 4792:the original 4786: 4780: 4769:, retrieved 4765:the original 4759: 4753: 4742:, retrieved 4738: 4728: 4717:, retrieved 4710:the original 4701: 4695: 4684:, retrieved 4677:the original 4668: 4662: 4650: 4639:, retrieved 4635:the original 4629: 4623: 4612:, retrieved 4608: 4598: 4587:, retrieved 4580:the original 4571: 4565: 4554:, retrieved 4548: 4542: 4530: 4518: 4492:, retrieved 4485:the original 4476: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4427:, retrieved 4423:the original 4417: 4397:, retrieved 4381: 4371: 4358: 4347:, retrieved 4343:the original 4337: 4331: 4318: 4311:Nickson 1887 4306: 4293: 4281: 4270:, retrieved 4266:the original 4260: 4254: 4243:, retrieved 4237: 4231: 4219: 4208:, retrieved 4202: 4195: 4182: 4170: 4158: 4146: 4134: 4122: 4110: 4097: 4084: 4072: 4059: 4046: 4033: 4021: 4008: 3995: 3982: 3969: 3957: 3944: 3931: 3918: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3868: 3838: 3825: 3812: 3800: 3788: 3776: 3764: 3751: 3738: 3725: 3712: 3699: 3686: 3673: 3660: 3647: 3634: 3621: 3608: 3595: 3582: 3569: 3556: 3543: 3531: 3518: 3506: 3494: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3414: 3402: 3390: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3342: 3330: 3318: 3306: 3294: 3282: 3270: 3258: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3210: 3198: 3186: 3174: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3126: 3114: 3102: 3090: 3078: 3066: 3061:, p. x. 3054: 3042: 3035:Starkey 1990 3030: 3018: 3005: 2968:Starkey 1990 2963: 2936:, retrieved 2932:the original 2926: 2906:, retrieved 2902:the original 2896: 2875: 2862: 2849: 2827:Starkey 1990 2822: 2815:Ormerod 1882 2810: 2798: 2786: 2774: 2762: 2755:Starkey 1990 2750: 2743:Nickson 1887 2738: 2731:Starkey 1990 2726: 2714: 2703:, retrieved 2692: 2681:, retrieved 2675: 2650:Starkey 1990 2630: 2618: 2606: 2594: 2582: 2570: 2558: 2546: 2534: 2522: 2510: 2498: 2491:Starkey 1990 2471: 2464:Starkey 1990 2459: 2447: 2417:(1): 15–27. 2414: 2410: 2400: 2393:Starkey 1990 2388: 2376: 2364: 2352: 2345:Starkey 1990 2308: 2296: 2284: 2272: 2260: 2249:, retrieved 2239: 2210:, p. 1. 2180:, p. 9. 2178:Starkey 1990 2173: 2162:, retrieved 2158: 2134:, retrieved 2128: 2100: 2092: 2091: 2020: 2017: 2003: 1989: 1968: 1925: 1881: 1836: 1813: 1778: 1753: 1716: 1695:copper alloy 1664: 1628: 1556: 1499: 1470: 1454: 1437: 1434:osteoporosis 1395: 1384:tuberculosis 1371: 1365: 1357: 1334: 1326: 1296: 1292: 1278: 1270:corbel table 1236: 1192:boulder clay 1185: 1151: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1114: 1105:swing bridge 1082: 1066: 1051:opened from 1045: 1021: 1018:piano nobile 1004: 969: 961:Randle Holme 945: 942:, dated 1727 899:Piers Dutton 892: 868: 857: 792: 773: 726: 702:Lincolnshire 687: 679:Macclesfield 672: 668:boulder clay 656: 629:K: dormitory 626:J: refectory 553: 540:, the first 516: 500:River Mersey 466: 448: 420: 389: 356: 355: 304:24 July 1928 279:nortonpriory 95:Dedicated to 25: 5408:Independent 5230:Benedictine 5193:Augustinian 5094:Old Runcorn 4655:Greene 1989 4535:Greene 1989 4523:Greene 1989 4511:Greene 1989 3962:Greene 1989 3898:Greene 1989 3886:Greene 1989 3861:Greene 1989 3511:Greene 1989 3383:Greene 1989 3323:Greene 1989 3227:Greene 1989 3191:Greene 1989 3167:Greene 1989 3143:Greene 1989 3131:Greene 1989 3107:Greene 1989 3083:Greene 1989 3059:Greene 1989 3047:Greene 1989 2998:Greene 1989 2719:Greene 1989 2623:Greene 1989 2611:Greene 1989 2587:Greene 1989 2575:Greene 1989 2563:Greene 1989 2551:Greene 1989 2527:Greene 1989 2503:Greene 1989 2452:Greene 1989 2381:Greene 1989 2369:Greene 1989 2357:Greene 1989 2265:Greene 1989 2208:Greene 1989 2105:Greene 1989 1961:herb garden 1959:in 1977. A 1933:James Wyatt 1750:Present day 1742:(polished) 1719:papal bulla 1679:Elizabeth I 1601:, tracery, 1579:rose window 1492:Montage of 1337:high relief 1305:tower house 1169:craftsmen. 1028:James Wyatt 988:Earl Rivers 970:During the 826:provided a 824:benediction 796:Black Death 706:Oxfordshire 647:Q: kitchens 632:L: latrines 620:H: sacristy 617:G: cloister 527:Benedictine 504:Runcorn Gap 469:Augustinian 396:Augustinian 231: / 206:Coordinates 65:Established 59:Augustinian 5452:Categories 5363:Franciscan 5304:Cistercian 5096:, Halton: 4787:Family Fun 4760:What's On? 4210:18 October 2701:, Sky News 2164:30 January 2136:30 January 2088:References 1900:Romanesque 1847:undercroft 1832:undercroft 1712:horseshoes 1675:threepence 1648:Westerwald 1611:monochrome 1559:Romanesque 1446:menopausal 1418:trepanning 1282:cellarer's 1251:reredorter 1181:undercroft 1117:excavation 1053:Manchester 1014:undercroft 729:Cistercian 694:Lancashire 683:Romanesque 605:C: chancel 550:Saint Mary 538:Hugh Lupus 512:Birkenhead 508:Warrington 331:Designated 301:Designated 216:53°20′32″N 165:Founder(s) 103:Saint Mary 5386:Savigniac 5345:Dominican 5286:Carmelite 5086:460823056 5035:(2011) , 4962:11 August 4906:11 August 4879:11 August 4852:11 August 4825:11 August 4798:11 August 4771:11 August 4744:16 August 4614:16 August 4552:, Crawbar 4451:: 62–66, 4429:11 August 4394:1751-8970 4349:11 August 4272:11 August 2439:159740339 2431:0078-172X 2093:Citations 2008:ice house 1985:Ice House 1896:mouldings 1794:voussoirs 1683:Charles I 1656:porcelain 1607:grisaille 1585:with the 1563:voussoirs 1450:Osteomata 1442:metabolic 1402:vertebrae 1341:green man 1330:mausoleum 1300:reliquary 1274:voussoirs 1255:refectory 1228:transepts 1204:cruciform 1188:sandstone 1163:gatehouse 1155:post pits 1125:Victorian 976:Royalists 972:Civil War 957:cloisters 752:shillings 664:Sandstone 492:Constable 325:– Grade I 219:2°40′48″W 200:, England 5037:Cheshire 5005:(1989), 4956:BBC News 4937:15 March 4719:15 March 4686:15 March 4641:15 March 4589:15 March 4556:15 March 4494:14 March 4399:13 March 2035:See also 1998:of tree 1888:capitals 1803:spandrel 1798:capitals 1792:blocks, 1790:springer 1744:sardonyx 1740:cabochon 1736:gemstone 1699:scabbard 1691:hallmark 1547:spandrel 1529:heraldic 1517:trefoils 1503:pavement 1247:sacristy 1239:cloister 1220:crossing 1210:without 1007:Georgian 999:Georgian 880:charcoal 841:Carlisle 800:advowson 756:pittance 690:Cheshire 675:Delamere 602:B: choir 416:Georgian 369:Cheshire 251:SJ548830 198:Cheshire 185:Location 146:Kneesall 5412:Unknown 5067:5389146 4973:Sources 2938:11 July 2908:11 July 1945:cornice 1918:Garden 1910:Grounds 1892:columns 1884:arcades 1856:portico 1786:moulded 1703:skimmer 1687:pfennig 1652:Cologne 1631:pipkins 1619:ceramic 1603:corbels 1591:serpent 1587:tonsure 1577:from a 1575:tracery 1571:capital 1543:Capital 1478:middens 1448:women. 1430:rickets 1380:leprosy 1315:Burials 1266:casting 1262:foundry 1224:chancel 1218:at the 1167:secular 1011:vaulted 888:turbary 872:demesne 759:one in 685:style. 599:A: nave 548:and to 534:Chester 496:Chester 480:Runcorn 458:History 365:Runcorn 342:1130433 312:1015603 274:Website 193:Runcorn 125:Runcorn 110:Diocese 85: ( 70: ( 5084: 5065: 5047: 5017: 4992: 4392: 4261:Museum 4245:6 June 2437: 2429: 2251:8 July 2000:quince 1953:Widnes 1949:frieze 1929:loggia 1920:loggia 1904:Gothic 1860:Norman 1841:and a 1763:Museum 1615:sherds 1593:or an 1567:Gothic 1551:arcade 1525:effigy 1512:glazed 1508:mosaic 1494:mosaic 1473:sawpit 1376:knight 1361:foetus 1345:effigy 1212:aisles 1200:mortar 1196:ashlar 1177:Norman 1078:Gothic 1070:Norman 1041:arcade 982:side. 882:, and 828:bishop 761:Dutton 722:common 660:moated 592: 586: 580: 568:Norton 519:priory 472:canons 463:Priory 432:mosaic 428:arcade 424:Norman 392:priory 361:Norton 189:Norton 160:People 4713:(PDF) 4706:(PDF) 4680:(PDF) 4673:(PDF) 4583:(PDF) 4576:(PDF) 4488:(PDF) 4481:(PDF) 2705:9 May 2683:7 May 2435:S2CID 1941:antae 1937:Doric 1727:seals 1708:spurs 1667:penny 1595:otter 1309:aisle 1232:piers 1216:choir 952:Tudor 936:Tudor 860:prior 812:mitre 789:Abbey 782:relic 769:Aston 718:tithe 560:Saxon 412:Tudor 404:manor 373:abbey 54:Order 5082:OCLC 5063:OCLC 5045:ISBN 5015:ISBN 4990:ISBN 4964:2016 4939:2010 4908:2016 4881:2016 4854:2016 4827:2016 4800:2016 4773:2016 4746:2012 4721:2010 4688:2010 4643:2010 4616:2012 4591:2010 4558:2010 4496:2010 4431:2016 4401:2010 4390:ISSN 4351:2016 4274:2016 4247:2010 4212:2017 2940:2008 2910:2008 2707:2018 2685:2024 2427:ISSN 2253:2008 2166:2019 2138:2019 1852:bays 1738:, a 1671:John 1583:cowl 1545:and 1533:kiln 1521:mail 1440:, a 1408:and 1259:bell 1214:, a 1208:nave 1074:nave 884:turf 864:Rule 818:and 816:ring 712:and 704:and 677:and 517:The 510:and 490:and 476:burh 436:kiln 390:The 281:.org 180:Site 87:1536 83:1536 72:1115 68:1115 4453:doi 4449:123 2664:UK 2419:doi 1967:'s 1965:BBC 1669:of 1617:of 532:at 494:of 482:by 478:of 269:Yes 261:Yes 5454:: 5410:or 5043:, 5031:; 5013:, 4988:, 4954:, 4925:, 4737:, 4607:, 4503:^ 4465:^ 4447:, 4408:^ 4388:, 4380:, 3851:^ 3477:^ 3462:^ 2990:^ 2975:^ 2947:^ 2917:^ 2887:^ 2834:^ 2674:, 2657:^ 2642:^ 2483:^ 2433:. 2425:. 2415:54 2413:. 2409:. 2337:^ 2320:^ 2243:, 2215:^ 2200:^ 2185:^ 2157:, 2145:^ 2127:, 2123:, 2112:^ 2031:. 1746:. 1714:. 1404:, 1234:. 1043:. 835:. 814:, 700:, 696:, 692:, 446:. 367:, 363:, 191:, 152:, 148:, 144:, 140:, 136:, 127:, 101:, 5177:e 5170:t 5163:v 4459:. 4455:: 2441:. 2421:: 2002:( 1609:( 1370:( 195:, 171:, 131:, 89:) 74:) 23:.

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