348:
335:
111:
69:
45:
31:
484:. The cycle, which lasts less than 20 seconds, then repeats with increasing intensity for five to 17 minutes. In the closely related southern species, such duets are most common at dawn, and are apparently only made on sunny days. In captive studies, males and females that sing duets together the most frequently are the most likely to mate, indicating this may play a key role in pair-bonding.
253:
367:. Females are reddish-tan in colour, lack a cranial tuft, and have a crest of black or dark brown fur running from the crown to the nape of the neck. They are reported to have an average weight of 7.5 kg (17 lb), although this is based on only a small number of wild individuals, and those in captivity appear to be larger.
479:
The calls of northern white-cheeked gibbons are among the most complex of those produced by gibbons, and are significantly different between males and females. The most distinctive calls are those made as part of male-female duets. These begin with the female making a series of 15 to 30 notes with an
507:
At birth, both sexes are covered in yellow-buff fur, and weigh an average of 480 g (17 oz). Around one year of age, the fur in both sexes changes to a black colour, with pale cheek patches, with the sexually dimorphic adult coats only growing when they reach four or five years. During this
378:
The species closely resembles the southern white-cheeked gibbon, but has slightly longer body hair and subtly different vocalisations. The males can also be distinguished by the shape of the white patches on their cheeks; in the northern species, these reach the upper borders of the ears, and do not
370:
Like other members of their genus, both males and females have unusually long arms, even for gibbons, with the arms being 1.2 to 1.4 times as long as the legs. They are also more muscular, with heavier thighs and shoulders that suggest a greater bodily strength. Adults have been shown to demonstrate
1286:
467:
The northern white-cheeked gibbon is arboreal in habits, and primarily herbivorous, feeding mainly on fruits, with some leaves, buds, and flowers. However, up to 10% of their diet may be composed of insects and other small animals. They are generally sociable, living in groups of up to six
363:, with males and females having different colourations and the former also being slightly larger. Males have black hair over their entire bodies, except for distinct white patches on their cheeks, as well as a prominent tuft of hair on the crown of head, and a
487:
Similar calls are sometimes made solo by both sexes, and juveniles sometimes join in, to create a full 'chorus'. In addition to the duet and solo great calls, males can also make booming sounds with their gular sacs, and short single notes.
382:
Both males and females have been reported to produce reddish-brown secretions from glands around their upper chest, hips, and ankles. However, samples of sweat taken from the
448:
province, Vietnam in 2020 through a two-year gibbon monitoring program. This is a significant increase from baseline data of 41 groups and 127 individuals recorded in 2011.
440:, northern Vietnam, near the border with Laos. Another population of 64 groups and 182 individuals were confirmed by Center for Nature Conservation and Development in
390:
in white-cheeked gibbons than in many other species of ape, suggesting that olfactory signals may be less important in these animals than in their relatives.
1971:
472:, and spend the night sleeping in high branches, often embracing one another tightly. Behavioural studies have demonstrated that they are capable of
907:"Identifying priority areas for the conservation of the Critically Endangered northern white-cheeked gibbon Nomascus leucogenys in northern Lao"
824:
2021:
1837:
1811:
2006:
968:
Report on monitoring of the northern white-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) in Xuan Lien nature reserve, Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam
1346:
379:
touch the corners of the mouth, whereas in the southern species, they reach only halfway to the ears and entirely surround the lips.
1930:
1772:
1080:
Dooley, H. & Judge, D. (2007). "Vocal responses of captive gibbon groups to a mate change in a pair of white-cheeked gibbons (
1943:
451:
No subspecies are currently recognised, although the southern white-cheeked gibbon was formerly considered to be a subspecies of
511:
Northern white-cheeked gibbons reach sexual maturity at seven or eight years, and have lived for at least 28 years in the wild.
2016:
1829:
1948:
1264:
1986:
2011:
957:
in Pu Mat
National Park, Nghe An province. Conservation International / Fauna & Flora International, Hanoi, Vietnam
1044:
791:
618:
608:
1842:
1981:
1577:
858:"Ecological extinction of the Critically Endangered northern white-cheeked gibbon Nomascus leucogenys in China"
953:
Luu Tuong Bach & Rawson, B. M. (2011). Population assessment of the northern white-cheeked crested gibbon
1701:
1631:
1339:
313:
73:
1595:
1433:
1211:
Burns, B.L.; et al. (2011). "Social dynamics modify behavioural development in captive white-cheeked (
1996:
1824:
1738:
1733:
1604:
643:
433:
110:
839:
554:
375:
while swinging through the trees, with individuals being equally likely to be right or left handed.
2001:
1991:
1529:
1332:
985:
The gibbon in Xuan Lien and Pu Hoat: An urgent call for conservation attention. Unpublished report.
1324:
1868:
675:
1663:
1520:
1511:
825:"The northern white-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) is on the edge of extinction in China"
468:
individuals. Individual groups do not travel far, and are believed to be territorial. They are
1863:
1855:
1622:
347:
302:
225:
1715:
1460:
508:
period, the juveniles sing the female form of call, and regularly engage in play behaviour.
1803:
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1710:
1586:
481:
437:
530:
Rawson, B.M.; Nguyen, M.H.; Coudrat, C.N.Z.; Roos, C.; Jiang, X.; Duckworth, J.W. (2020).
441:
8:
1451:
1442:
1311:
1294:
1274:
497:
58:
1129:"Longitudinal study of delayed reproductive success in a pair of white-cheeked gibbons (
905:
Syxaiyakhamthor, Khamkeo; Ngoprasert, Dusit; Asensio, Norberto; Savini, Tommaso (2019).
1244:
1193:
1109:
936:
887:
767:
742:
267:
105:
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has been reported to last an average of 22 days, and gestation lasts 200 to 212 days.
334:
1976:
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1113:
983:
Nguyen, M. H., Do, T., Le, V. D., Pham, A. T., Do, T. H., & Tran, D. H. (2012).
891:
1922:
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1177:
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1017:
918:
869:
762:
754:
721:
549:
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1478:
792:"Gibbon hand preference studies at the Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Vietnam"
1881:
1816:
1021:
324:. The females of the two species are virtually indistinguishable in appearance.
1502:
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352:
280:
242:
1232:
923:
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1424:
1240:
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1181:
1105:
1063:
1029:
996:
Ujhelyi, M.; et al. (2000). "Observations on the behavior of gibbons (
806:
776:
600:
576:
1299:
480:
increasing pitch, followed by the male complex call with rapid changes of
459:
forest between 200 and 1,650 metres (660 and 5,410 ft) in elevation.
445:
1785:
1725:
1695:
1164:
Giessmann, T. & Ordeldinger, M. (1995). "Neonatal weight in gibbons (
966:
La, Q. T., Bui, T. T., Lo, V. O., Le, T. A., & Nguyen, M. H. (2020).
473:
456:
321:
1935:
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122:
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398:
Today, the northern white-cheeked gibbon is found only in northern
202:
142:
1354:
726:
705:
44:
30:
1553:
1544:
1281:
610:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
399:
387:
162:
1764:
1371:
1356:
743:"Anatomical contributions to hylobatid taxonomy and adaptation"
421:
In Laos, a population of 57 gibbon groups was estimated at the
411:
383:
306:
192:
182:
152:
132:
971:
525:
523:
1876:
418:
in 2008. They were confirmed to be extinct in China in 2013.
407:
95:
89:
1163:
1319:
1306:
613:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
520:
403:
1049:) in Dak Rong Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam"
856:
Fan, Peng-Fei; Fei, Han-Lan; Luo, Ai-Dong (January 2014).
351:
A female northern white-cheeked gibbon and her offspring,
414:
province, where they were reported to be on the edge of
1079:
1963:
822:
644:"Gibbon systematics and species identification"
555:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39895A180816530.en
972:Center for Nature Conservation and Development
406:. They were formerly also known from southern
1340:
1157:
740:
703:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
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683:
1045:"Survey for southern white-cheeked gibbons (
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262:(brown — extant, orange — probably extinct)
1972:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1210:
1126:
995:
989:
393:
320:), with which it was previously considered
1347:
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1073:
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29:
1204:
1148:
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641:
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1042:
635:
455:. The gibbon inhabits primary evergreen
346:
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1964:
1036:
816:
599:
1662:
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1328:
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331:was sequenced and published in 2011.
2022:Critically endangered fauna of China
747:International Journal of Primatology
500:, with long-lasting pair bonds. The
2007:Critically endangered fauna of Asia
741:Zihlman, A.L.; et al. (2011).
642:Geissmann, Thomas (December 1995).
593:
541:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
496:Northern white-cheeked gibbons are
359:Northern white-cheeked gibbons are
260:Northern white-cheeked gibbon range
13:
428:In Vietnam, at least 22 groups of
386:and chest possess lower levels of
14:
2033:
1258:
1127:Lukas, K.E.; et al. (2002).
1056:Vietnamese Journal of Primatology
1010:Journal of Comparative Psychology
799:Vietnamese Journal of Primatology
425:National Protected Area in 2019.
1578:Northern buffed-cheeked gibbon (
823:Fan, P.F. & Huo, S. (2009).
109:
1632:Southern white-cheeked gibbon (
1614:Northern white-cheeked gibbon (
1312:Data of the genome assembly of
1170:American Journal of Primatology
1008:) in the presence of mirrors".
977:
960:
947:
898:
849:
491:
1596:Eastern black crested gibbon (
1434:Bornean white-bearded gibbon (
1291:(version GGSC Nleu3.0/nomLeu3)
669:
569:
342:
24:Northern white-cheeked gibbon
1:
1605:Hainan black crested gibbon (
1265:Northern White-cheeked Gibbon
514:
314:southern white-cheeked gibbon
312:It is closely related to the
293:northern white-cheeked gibbon
2017:Taxa named by William Ogilby
338:Adult female and adult male.
309:native to South East Asia.
7:
1022:10.1037/0735-7036.114.3.253
16:Species of Old World monkey
10:
2040:
1987:Primates of Southeast Asia
1530:Skywalker hoolock gibbon (
1062:(1): 61–66. Archived from
805:(2): 41–45. Archived from
2012:Mammals described in 1840
1892:
1670:
1644:
1566:
1542:
1500:
1404:
1366:
1355:Extant species of family
1233:10.1007/s10329-011-0247-5
924:10.1017/S0030605318001515
875:10.1017/S0030605312001305
759:10.1007/s10764-011-9506-y
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250:
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106:Scientific classification
104:
87:
65:
56:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1521:Eastern hoolock gibbon (
1512:Western hoolock gibbon (
1047:Nomascus leucogenys siki
710:(Primates: Hylobatidae)"
607:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
394:Distribution and habitat
1623:Yellow-cheeked gibbon (
838:: 44–52. Archived from
1587:Black crested gibbon (
1300:Data of the genome of
1182:10.1002/ajp.1350370302
704:Harding, L.E. (2012).
651:International Zoo News
548:: e.T39895A180816530.
356:
339:
1982:Primates of East Asia
1864:Paleobiology Database
1452:Eastern grey gibbon (
1443:Western grey gibbon (
955:(Nomascus leucogenys)
845:on 14 September 2012.
790:Barker, M.K. (2008).
350:
337:
303:Critically Endangered
74:Critically Endangered
1894:Hylobates leucogenys
1316:GGSC Nleu3.0/nomLeu3
1269:Animal Diversity Web
1131:Hylobates leucogenys
1069:on 30 December 2008.
998:Hylobates leucogenys
812:on 30 December 2008.
577:"Appendices | CITES"
482:frequency modulation
434:Pù Mát National Park
276:Hylobates leucogenys
1716:Nomascus_leucogenys
1702:Nomascus leucogenys
1672:Nomascus leucogenys
1314:Nomascus leucogenys
1302:Nomascus leucogenys
1295:UCSC Genome Browser
1289:Nomascus leucogenys
1276:Nomascus leucogenys
1213:Nomascus leucogenys
1086:Folia Primatologica
1082:Nomascus leucogenys
708:Nomascus leucogenys
534:Nomascus leucogenys
298:Nomascus leucogenys
235:Nomascus leucogenys
59:Conservation status
1997:Mammals of Vietnam
463:Behaviour and diet
432:were confirmed in
361:sexually dimorphic
357:
340:
217:N. leucogenys
1959:
1958:
1851:Open Tree of Life
1664:Taxon identifiers
1655:
1654:
1479:Pileated gibbon (
1461:Müller's gibbon (
1360:
1150:10.1002/zoo.10040
1098:10.1159/000102318
1043:Ha, N.M. (2007).
974:, Ha Noi, Vietnam
714:Mammalian Species
423:Nam Et-Phou Louey
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288:
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1488:Kloss's gibbon (
1470:Silvery gibbon (
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1349:
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1253:
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1217:Hylobates moloch
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2002:Fauna of Yunnan
1992:Mammals of Laos
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1215:) and silvery (
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1259:External links
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1227:(3): 271–277.
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1143:(5): 413–434.
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1016:(3): 253–262.
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832:Gibbon Journal
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753:(4): 865–877.
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1468:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1436:H. albibarbis
1432:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
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1391:
1387:
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1379:
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1262:
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1230:
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1207:
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1057:
1050:
1048:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:H. gabriellae
999:
992:
986:
980:
973:
969:
963:
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950:
942:
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934:
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676:Ensembl entry
672:
656:
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638:
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626:
622:
620:0-801-88221-4
616:
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602:
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502:ovarian cycle
499:
489:
485:
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475:
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460:
458:
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453:N. leucogenys
449:
447:
443:
439:
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430:N. leucogenys
426:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:and northern
401:
391:
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374:
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362:
354:
349:
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332:
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329:N. leucogenys
325:
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319:
318:Nomascus siki
315:
310:
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300:
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285:
282:
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272:
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258:
254:
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226:Binomial name
223:
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52:Adult female
50:
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41:
36:
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1545:Symphalangus
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1416:Lar gibbon (
1405:
1357:Hylobatidae
1313:
1301:
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1220:
1219:) gibbons".
1216:
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1064:the original
1059:
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868:(1): 52–55.
865:
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840:the original
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580:
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559:. Retrieved
545:
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492:Reproduction
486:
478:
476:in mirrors.
466:
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275:
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234:
232:
216:
215:
203:
179:Infraorder:
18:
1786:iNaturalist
1696:Wikispecies
1607:N. hainanus
1589:N. concolor
1532:H. tianxing
1481:H. pileatus
1463:H. muelleri
1454:H. funereus
1137:Zoo Biology
720:(1): 1–15.
561:19 November
457:subtropical
416:extirpation
343:Description
322:conspecific
305:species of
193:Hylobatidae
183:Simiiformes
38:Adult male
1966:Categories
1909:Q109647315
1598:N. nasutus
1514:H. hoolock
1490:H. klossii
1445:H. abbotti
1396:Haplorhini
1394:Suborder:
1287:Genome of
586:2022-01-14
515:References
498:monogamous
173:Haplorhini
169:Suborder:
92:Appendix I
1554:Siamang (
1472:H. moloch
1427:H. agilis
1407:Hylobates
1370:Kingdom:
1359:(Gibbons)
1273:View the
1166:Hylobates
941:202854148
933:0030-6053
884:0030-6053
661:15 August
581:cites.org
446:Thanh Hoa
442:Xuan Lien
365:gular sac
211:Species:
129:Kingdom:
123:Eukaryota
1977:Nomascus
1903:Wikidata
1877:Species+
1830:12100782
1723:BioLib:
1681:Wikidata
1648:Category
1569:Nomascus
1390:Primates
1384:Mammalia
1378:Chordata
1376:Phylum:
1372:Animalia
1249:35762611
1241:21416217
1221:Primates
1198:43659374
1190:31936947
1168:spp.)".
1114:20771724
1106:17496420
1030:10994841
892:86688210
777:21892236
629:62265494
603:(2005).
388:steroids
268:Synonyms
204:Nomascus
189:Family:
163:Primates
153:Mammalia
143:Chordata
139:Phylum:
133:Animalia
119:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
1936:5219545
1856:1029454
1817:1000740
1778:4267270
1765:1038638
1687:Q998141
1634:N. siki
1503:Hoolock
1388:Order:
1382:Class:
1282:Ensembl
768:3139862
470:diurnal
400:Vietnam
384:axillae
301:) is a
283:, 1840)
245:, 1840)
199:Genus:
159:Order:
149:Class:
94: (
77: (
1949:573075
1869:238884
1739:666081
1418:H. lar
1318:, via
1305:, via
1293:, via
1278:genome
1247:
1239:
1196:
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1006:H. lar
1004:, and
939:
931:
890:
882:
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627:
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412:Yunnan
307:gibbon
281:Ogilby
243:Ogilby
1923:3NFRT
1843:61853
1804:39895
1791:74781
1752:47NQP
1726:32336
1245:S2CID
1194:S2CID
1110:S2CID
1067:(PDF)
1052:(PDF)
937:S2CID
888:S2CID
843:(PDF)
828:(PDF)
810:(PDF)
795:(PDF)
657:: 472
647:(PDF)
410:, in
408:China
96:CITES
90:CITES
1944:ITIS
1931:GBIF
1882:9609
1838:NCBI
1799:IUCN
1773:GBIF
1734:BOLD
1320:NCBI
1307:NCBI
1237:PMID
1186:PMID
1102:PMID
1084:)".
1026:PMID
929:ISSN
911:Oryx
880:ISSN
862:Oryx
773:PMID
663:2008
625:OCLC
615:ISBN
563:2021
546:2020
404:Laos
291:The
1918:CoL
1825:MSW
1812:MDD
1760:EoL
1747:CoL
1711:ADW
1280:on
1267:at
1229:doi
1178:doi
1145:doi
1094:doi
1018:doi
1014:114
919:doi
870:doi
763:PMC
755:doi
722:doi
550:doi
436:in
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