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274:. Houston served as the recording secretary of the league's Richmond chapter from 1914 to 1919 and traveled the state making speeches, assisting with establishing new chapters for the organization, and lobbying legislators. Houston used her artistic skills to design signs, pamphlets, and parade floats to help the league raise awareness about women's suffrage. She also drew maps of Richmond's neighborhoods for the league to use in its outreach efforts.
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Houston left her remaining paintings to Clark. Thirty years later, in 1972, Clark gave them to
Richmond's St. Paul Catholic School. The paintings were moved to St. Paul Catholic Church where they were kept in storage for 35 years and subsequently damaged by a leaky ceiling. As of 2017, Richmond
258:
Houston's time in New York and abroad inspired her art and activism as she became more aware of the social changes of the early 20th century, as well as the social injustice affecting poor and working-class people. She believed that giving women the right to vote would lead to needed reforms in
277:
When the league began to hold street meetings in 1915, Houston and Clark would set up easels on Broad and Sixth
Streets in downtown Richmond. As people crowded around them to observe their painting and drawing, Houston and Clark would begin speaking about women's suffrage. During one speech at
165:; June 24, 1883 – February 20, 1942) was an American painter, women's rights advocate, and suffragist. Born and raised in Richmond, Virginia, Houston studied art at an early age, traveling to New York and abroad, before returning to Richmond to teach and open a studio with
177:
Eleanora (or
Eleanor) "Nora" Clare Gibson Houston was born June 24, 1883, in Richmond, Virginia, the only child of Henry Gibson Houston, a physician, and his wife Josephine Estelle Dooley Houston. She was the niece of
247:. She then traveled to Paris where she studied painting and modernism before returning to Richmond in 1909. Upon her return, Houston and Clark began teaching at the Art Club of Richmond and opened their own studio.
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Houston, alongside Clark, worked to improve race relations in
Virginia. They encouraged black women to vote, and helped them to register. Houston and Clark worked with black suffragists in Richmond, like
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Houston's work included portraits, landscapes depicting the
Virginia countryside, African American neighborhoods and daily life, and historical paintings of early Virginia Catholic martyrs.
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which would become the
Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts. In 1931, the league merged with the Richmond Academy of Arts, laying the groundwork for the founding of the
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In the late 1930s, Houston, Clark, and others established the Craig House in
Richmond's downtown as a place for African American artists to create and exhibit their work.
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Houston's work is in the permanent collection at the
Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and is also in the Johnson Collection in Spartanburg, South Carolina and the
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After an illness lasting several weeks, Houston died on
February 20, 1942, at her home, 416 West Franklin Street, Richmond, Virginia. Her funeral was held at
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Houston’s father died shortly before her second birthday. Subsequently, Dooley became
Houston’s benefactor, financing both her education and her art lessons.
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293:. Houston helped found this new organization and served as chair of its child welfare, finance, and legislative committees.
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in Logan's Franklin Street studio. There Houston would meet her "very intimate friend" and lesbian life partner
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Houston began studying art at about 10 years old. Her studies began under the instruction of Richmond artist
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The Nora Houston Foundation was established in 2015 to raise funds to preserve and display Houston's work.
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Houston continued to paint through her years as an activist and exhibited her work locally and nationally.
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430:"The Light of Day: Fifty forgotten paintings open a window into the life of a remarkable Richmond woman"
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282:, suffrage opponents threw rocks at Houston as she spoke; she kept one of the rocks until her death.
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305:"without incident". Houston and Clark also helped drive black women to the polls on election day.
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in August 1920, the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia disbanded and reorganized into the
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235:(now called Parsons School of Design) in 1905. While in New York, Houston studied with
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Conservation Studio had restored four of 50 paintings with plans to restore them all.
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169:. She was an active participant in the women's suffrage movement in Virginia.
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182:, a Richmond attorney, financier, and philanthropist who would come to own
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After the Art Club of Richmond closed, Houston and Clark opened their own
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224:. Houston and Clark joined the Art Club of Richmond as teenagers.
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577:
Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Library of Virginia (1998– )
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Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Library of Virginia (1998– )
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Encyclopedia Virginia, Virginia Foundation for the Humanities
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864:"'Wall of Honor' unveiled on new Virginia Women's Monument"
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Houston continued her art education with local sculptor
601:
Artists in Virginia before 1900: an annotated checklist
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Houston's name is featured on the Wall of Honor on the
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In 1909, Houston (with Clark and other activists like
186:, and Alice Dooley, a supporter of women's suffrage.
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208:Nora Houston and Adele Clark's 1919 poster for the
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657:"Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (1909–1920)"
710:Visible Women: New Essays on American Activism
259:education, family welfare, and public health.
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428:Sinclair, Melissa Scott (November 12, 2017).
212:'s post-war Blue Triangle investment campaign
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655:McDaid, Jennifer Davis (September 3, 2015).
707:Hewitt, Nancy A.; Lebsock, Suzanne (1993).
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862:Carrington, Ronald E. (November 1, 2018).
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739:"Nora Houston, Artist, Dies At Home Here"
713:. University of Illinois Press. pp.
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357:. She was buried alongside her family in
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303:1920 United States Presidential Election
203:
172:
771:. Danville, Virginia. February 21, 1942
681:Kollatz, Jr., Harry (August 27, 2012).
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327:Houston and Clark's students included
285:Shortly after the ratification of the
2007:
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309:Contributions to Richmond's community
2146:20th-century American women painters
1138:Annabelle Ravenscroft Gibson Jenkins
842:Virginia Women's Monument Commission
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1332:Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood Futrell
1291:Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan
791:"About the Nora Houston Foundation"
626:Kollatz Jr., Harry (May 26, 2011).
570:
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2176:Students of William Merritt Chase
1656:Elizabeth Ambler Brent Carrington
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272:Equal Suffrage League of Virginia
2036:Elizabeth Dabney Langhorne Lewis
1778:Elizabeth Bray Allen Smith Stith
1579:Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell
817:"Virginia Women in History 2017"
605:. University Press of Virginia.
573:"James Henry Dooley (1841–1922)"
231:before winning a scholarship to
130:
2156:Parsons School of Design alumni
2136:Artists from Richmond, Virginia
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745:. February 21, 1942. p. 16
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291:Virginia League of Women Voters
2151:20th-century American painters
1378:Providencia Velazquez Gonzalez
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1:
2008:
1936:Temperance Flowerdew Yeardley
1804:Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day
1697:Mary Berkeley Minor Blackford
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597:Raleigh Lewis Wright (1983).
393:
375:as part of its 2017 class of
254:Work in the suffrage movement
1931:Mary Aydelotte Rice Marshall
1276:John-Geline MacDonald Bowman
322:Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
7:
2066:Maggie Lena Mitchell Walker
1814:Edwilda Gustava Allen Isaac
1763:Dorothy Shoemaker McDiarmid
1605:Christiana Burdett Campbell
1327:Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver
371:Houston was honored by the
10:
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2171:LGBTQ people from Virginia
521:"Nora Houston (1883–1942)"
2141:Suffragists from Virginia
2092:Lillie Louise Boone Lucas
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1143:Frances Benjamin Johnston
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1097:Mary-Cooke Branch Munford
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916:Virginia Women in History
384:Virginia Women's Monument
377:Virginia Women in History
92:
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68:
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2181:American lesbian artists
1768:Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin
1717:Christine Herter Kendall
1569:Bessie Niemeyer Marshall
1194:Sarah Garland Boyd Jones
200:Early years as an artist
79:Richmond, Virginia, U.S.
2166:Catholics from Virginia
2046:Josephine Mathes Norcom
1972:Georgeanna Seegar Jones
1615:Elizabeth Peet McIntosh
1281:Benita Fitzgerald-Brown
1220:Clara Leach Adams-Ender
1153:Annie Bannister Spencer
795:Nora Houston Foundation
743:Richmond Times-Dispatch
683:"The Genteel Crusaders"
550:Nora Houston Foundation
192:Houston was a lifelong
39:Richmond Times-Dispatch
2161:Painters from Virginia
2051:Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon
1916:Marii Kyogoku Hasegawa
1875:Louise Harrison McCraw
1855:Corazon Sandoval Foley
1824:Ana Ines Barragan King
1748:Nancy Melvina Caldwell
1707:Elizabeth Ashburn Duke
1128:Anna Whitehead Bodeker
628:"An Artist's Creation"
299:Ora Brown Stokes Perry
233:New York School of Art
213:
1681:Eva Mae Fleming Scott
1620:Orelena Hawks Puckett
1574:Felicia Warburg Rogan
1528:Marian Van Landingham
1301:Mary Virginia Terhune
1230:Bessie Blount Griffin
1092:Lillian Ward McDaniel
1041:Sally Louisa Tompkins
468:Virginia Changemakers
359:Shockoe Hill Cemetery
345:in Augusta, Georgia.
237:William Merritt Chase
207:
173:Early life and family
2061:Lila Meade Valentine
1987:Kate Peters Sturgill
1901:Gaye Todd Adegbalola
1865:Cynthia Eppes Hudson
1702:Naomi Silverman Cohn
1630:Alice Jackson Stuart
1610:Betty Sams Christian
1518:Jean Miller Skipwith
1424:Caroline Bradby Cook
1342:Sheila Crump Johnson
1240:Barbara Johns Powell
1072:Janie Porter Barrett
995:Lila Meade Valentine
571:Bayliss, Mary Lynn.
546:"About Nora Houston"
343:Morris Museum of Art
287:Nineteenth Amendment
264:Lila Meade Valentine
241:Kenneth Hayes Miller
126:Clare Gibson Houston
37:Nora Houston, 1916 (
1982:Lucy Randolph Mason
1962:Claudia Lane Dodson
1870:Mary Virginia Jones
1799:Flora D. Crittenden
1554:Emily White Fleming
1493:Mollie Holmes Adams
1266:Kate Waller Barrett
1184:Anne Makemie Holden
868:Richmond Free Press
797:. December 26, 2016
765:"Nora Houston Dies"
552:. November 26, 2016
519:Pollard, France S.
373:Library of Virginia
270:) helped found the
222:Adele Goodman Clark
167:Adele Goodman Clark
2097:Evelyn Reid Syphax
2041:Sophie G. Meredith
1926:Barbara Kingsolver
1880:Undine Smith Moore
1513:Kate Mason Rowland
1503:Edythe C. Harrison
1439:Joann Hess Grayson
1398:Isabel Wood Rogers
1296:G. Anne Richardson
1271:Marie Majella Berg
1189:Mary Draper Ingles
1148:Anne Dobie Peebles
1021:Elizabeth Campbell
950:Mary Julia Baldwin
355:St. Peter's Church
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61:Richmond, Virginia
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2031:Fannie Bayly King
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1952:Sharifa Alkhateeb
1850:Doris Crouse-Mays
1819:Katherine Johnson
1758:Ruth Coles Harris
1646:Mary C. Alexander
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1449:Virginia Randolph
1434:Drew Gilpin Faust
1383:Elizabeth B. Lacy
1373:Lucy Goode Brooks
1337:Mary Jeffery Galt
1317:Mary Willing Byrd
1204:Martha Washington
1102:Jessie M. Rattley
1082:Hannah Lee Corbin
1046:Elizabeth Van Lew
1031:Elizabeth Keckley
1016:Rosa Dixon Bowser
945:Ella Graham Agnew
687:Richmond Magazine
632:Richmond Magazine
612:978-0-8139-0998-1
434:Richmond Magazine
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72:February 20, 1942
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1347:Opossunoquonuske
1250:Mary Belvin Wade
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1000:Maggie L. Walker
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724:978-0252063336
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464:"Nora Houston"
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268:Mary Johnston
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57:June 24, 1883
49:
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1860:Nora Houston
1859:
1783:Karenne Wood
1544:Lucy Addison
1508:Janis Martin
1498:Ethel Furman
1403:Edith Turner
1286:Grace Hopper
1199:Annie Snyder
1179:Katie Couric
1169:Grace Arents
1123:Pearl Bailey
1051:Edith Wilson
960:Willa Cather
871:. Retrieved
867:
857:
845:. Retrieved
841:
832:
820:. Retrieved
811:
799:. Retrieved
794:
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773:. Retrieved
768:
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749:November 15,
747:. Retrieved
742:
733:
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690:. Retrieved
686:
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245:Robert Henri
226:
218:Lillie Logan
215:
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125:
121:
117:
116:
102:art educator
74:(1942-02-20)
38:
25:Nora Houston
18:
2131:1942 deaths
2126:1883 births
1773:Vivian Pinn
1727:Debbie Ryan
1676:Inez Pruitt
1671:Cleo Powell
1661:Ann Compton
1225:Caitlyn Day
1174:Cockacoeske
1118:Nancy Astor
1077:Patsy Cline
965:Jennie Dean
280:Monroe Park
93:Occupations
85:Nationality
2120:Categories
985:Pocahontas
873:August 23,
847:August 23,
822:August 21,
801:August 21,
775:August 21,
637:August 21,
394:References
108:suffragist
53:1883-06-24
2009:2020–2029
1957:Queen Ann
1906:Rita Dove
1476:2010–2019
1245:Lee Smith
928:2000–2009
1559:Pearl Fu
692:July 28,
666:July 28,
582:July 21,
556:July 28,
530:July 21,
473:July 21,
439:July 21,
194:Catholic
118:Eleanora
105:activist
88:American
769:The Bee
333:VCUArts
318:atelier
184:Maymont
122:Eleanor
721:
609:
243:, and
99:Artist
63:, U.S.
162:-stən
2075:2021
2019:2020
1945:2019
1894:2018
1843:2017
1792:2016
1741:2015
1690:2014
1639:2013
1588:2012
1537:2011
1486:2010
1412:2009
1361:2008
1310:2007
1259:2006
1213:2005
1162:2004
1111:2003
1060:2002
1009:2001
938:2000
875:2019
849:2019
824:2019
803:2019
777:2019
751:2019
719:ISBN
694:2019
668:2019
639:2019
607:ISBN
584:2019
558:2019
532:2019
475:2019
441:2019
266:and
210:YWCA
120:(or
69:Died
47:Born
160:HOW
2122::
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