3601:
460:
2581:
452:) of closely related languages, whose speakers were differentiated geographically and, in some cases, by cultural practices. The dialects merged into the modern Noongar language following colonisation. A 1990 conference organised by the Nyoongar Language Project Advisory Panel recognised that the Noongar subgroup included at least three distinct languages. This was highlighted by the 2011
536:(1948), noting their regional variations. A later review and synthesis of recorded names and consultation with Noongars produced a list of recommended orthography and pronunciation for birds (2009) occurring in the region. The author, Ian Abbott, also published these recommendations for plants (1983) and mammals (2001), and proposed that these replace other vernacular in common use.
1928:
2797:
or marriage. The "fraternal" dual pronouns are used by and for people who are siblings or close friends, "paternal" dual pronouns are used by and for people who are paternal relatives (parent-child, uncle-niece and so forth), and "marital" pronouns are used by and for people who are married to each
641:
Peter Bindon and Ross
Chadwick have compiled an authoritative cross referenced "A Nyoongar Wordlist: from the South West of Western Australia", by assembling material from all of the above writers in their original spelling. It is clear from this reference that the orthographies used reflected not
493:
There is a general consensus that the following varieties belong to the
Noongar subgroup: Wudjari, Minang, Bibelman (a.k.a. Pibelman; Bibbulman), Kaneang (Kaniyang), Wardandi, Balardung (a.k.a. Ballardong; which probably included Tjapanmay/Djabanmai), and Yuat (Juat). Wiilman, Whadjuk (Wajuk) and
585:
district a list of 320 words from that region which was near identical to those he had collected in the Swan River region. Much to Grey's disappointment, his work was published in an unfinished list as he was leaving the colony, but he believed that the publication would assist in communication
494:
Pinjarup are also usually regarded as dialects of
Noongar, although this identification is not completely secure. The Koreng (Goreng) people are thought to have spoken a dialect of, or closely related to, Wudjari, in which case their language would have been part of the Noongar subgroup.
2584:
2583:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2589:
475:. In modern Noongar, these varieties have merged. There is controversy in some cases as to whether all of these varieties were part of the original Noongar subgroup. Some may have been distinct languages and some may have belonged to neighbouring subgroups.
2586:
1933:
1932:
1929:
603:
1934:
2071:
Like most
Australian languages, Noongar has a complex tense and aspect system. The plain verb stem functions as both the infinitive and the present tense. Verb phrases are formed by adding suffixes or adverbs to the verb stem.
580:
of HM 83rd
Regiment. Grey spent twelve months studying the languages of the Noongar people and came to the conclusion that there was much in common between them. Just prior to publication, he received from Mr Bussel of the
3639:
1931:
884:
634:
in her work for the
Noongar Language and Culture Centre. In 2012 Tim McCabe finished a PhD on Noongar place names, songs and stories, having been taught a variety of the language by Clive Humphreys of
886:
849:
was agreed on for teaching the language in schools. A unanimous vote decided that the language would be spelt "Nyoongar", but later, as teaching and learning resources were being developed for the
3710:
The fact is that the overwhelming majority of our schools are in
Noongar country, so we feel a real significant need to expand the support that we provide for teachers of Noongar in particular.
2585:
4444:
3120:
303:
1930:
810:
Since the late 20th century, there has been increased interest in reviving the
Noongar/Nyungar language, including teaching it at many schools throughout the south west of
486:. (As such, Amangu may have been synonymous with a dialect known as Nhanhagardi, which has also been classified, at different times, as a part of Nhanda, Noongar, or
885:
4191:
Baker, Brett (2014). "Word
Structure in Australian Languages". In Koch, Harold and Rachel Nordlinger. The Languages and Linguistics of Australia. De Gruyter. p.164.
3511:
906:
challenged the science behind the claim that it is an endangered language, citing the lack of rigour in the data. Collard began leading a project to create the "
4455:
4103:
2623:
Noongar pronouns are declined exactly as nouns, taking the same endings. Thus, possessive pronouns are formed by the addition of the regular genitive suffix -
871:
provided funding for four years from 2015 under the
Indigenous Languages Support program to establish the Noongar Language Centre. The offices are located in
1454:
4488:
4124:
623:
in 1930, but this material was lost for many years and has only recently been recovered. Beginning in the 1930s and then more intensively in the 1960s
983:
have been created that use Noongar language, both written and spoken. These include a plant identification app, dictionary, and cultural information.
3488:
2130:
Some tense/aspect distinctions are indicated by use of a verb suffix. In Noongar, the past or preterite tense is the same as the past participle.
3831:
3869:
2934:, a common feature in Pama-Nyungan languages. The same is also true for intensified or emphatic adjectives, comparable to the English word
3693:
826:
The Noongar Language and Culture Centre was set up at the Bunbury Aboriginal Progress Association in 1986, and grew to include offices in
3666:
3527:
510:, the Njunga people rejected the name Wudjari and had adopted some of the customs of their non-Noongar-speaking eastern neighbours, the
3543:
Baalaa Kaarl Killelbirriny (His Hearth and Home of the Sergeant Ant): a study of the cultural landscapes of the Noongar Cliff Humphries
478:
Many linguists believe that the northernmost language shown, Amangu, was not part of the Noongar subgroup, was instead a part of the
4481:
971:, and performed by an all-Noongar cast. The play took years to translate, and has sparked wider interest in reviving the language.
471:
The highlighted area of the map shown here may correspond to the Noongar subgroup. The subdivisions shown correspond to individual
3047:
Spelling may vary, especially in the case of "Bilelman" and "Nadji Nadji", which are apparent errors for Bibbulman and Njakinjaki.
814:. As of 2022 it is one of the 24 Aboriginal languages being taught at 68 schools in Western Australia to around 10,000 students.
394:
community and others. It is taught actively in Australia, including at schools, universities and through public broadcasting. The
3722:
2615:. Inanimate nouns, that is, nouns that do not denote human beings, can also be pluralized by the simple addition of a numeral.
630:
More recently, Noongar people have taken a major role in this work as researchers, for example Rose Whitehurst who compiled the
456:, edited by Bernard Rooney, which was based on the Yuat (Juat) variety, from the northwest part of the Noongar subgroup area.
3420:
2904:
Typically, if the subject of a sentence is not qualified by a numeral or adjective, a subject-marker pronoun is used. Thus:
444:
It is generally agreed that there was no single, standard Noongar (or Nyungar) language before European settlement: it was a
3069:
2950:
Statements are negated by adding the appropriate particle to the end of the sentence. There are three negation particles:
1278:
615:. This work included a substantial wordlist of Noongar. The first modern linguistic research on Noongar was carried out by
4440:
6439:
4474:
3756:
3334:"Aboriginal names of bird species in south-west Western Australia, with suggestions for their adoption into common usage"
3074:
1314:
1271:
5317:
3407:
1264:
3216:
5189:
4176:
3891:
3570:
3386:
3283:
532:
6163:
2572:
914:
format, allowing for expansion over time. The project is continuing as of April 2021, with the site growing in the
395:
3132:
2597:
The direct object of a sentence (what might be called the dative) can also be expressed with the locative suffix -
2159:
A few adverbs are used with the past tense to indicate the amount of time since the event of the verb took place.
5577:
4239:
Symmons, Charles (1842) "Grammatical Introduction to the Study of the Aboriginal Language of Western Australia."
4108:
3643:
3160:
1050:
903:
635:
383:
4226:
Stirling, Lesley and Alan Dench. "Tense, Aspect, Modality and Evidentiality in Australian Languages: Foreword."
3333:
764:
4022:
3412:
3186:
857:
612:
428:
872:
1347:
Many words vary in a regular way from dialect to dialect, depending on the area. For example: the words for
278:
4694:
4150:
3070:"WA academics develop Noongar 'Knowledge' to help preserve language fewer than 240 first-language speakers"
2631:
suffix. Notably, there does not appear to be a great deal of pronominal variation across dialectal lines.
1330:
1059:
964:
850:
6175:
4889:
3870:"Noongar language reborn in Hecate, an Aboriginal translation of Shakespeare's Macbeth at Perth Festival"
2056:
1405:
1204:
1027:
867:
In 2014, the Noongar Boodjar Language Cultural Aboriginal Corporation (NBLCAC) was incorporated, and the
3461:
6069:
5868:
5724:
5712:
5527:
5225:
4892:
4861:
4497:
4064:
3008:
2044:
1450:
1413:
1321:
1191:
1152:
1075:
827:
642:
only dialectical differences, but also how the various authors "heard" and transcribed spoken Noongar.
129:
6434:
5340:
5168:
4779:
4128:
3917:
3562:
2790:
2607:
is likewise expressed by the addition of suffixes. Nouns that end in vowels take the plural suffix -
1401:
1178:
620:
3600:
6135:
5097:
4970:
4846:
4684:
4543:
4528:
1198:
1036:
604:
A Descriptive Vocabulary of the Language in Common Use Amongst the Aborigines of Western Australia
586:
between settlers and Noongar people. Also noted by Grey was that the Noongar language had no soft
502:– a language related to, but separate from, the original Noongar subgroup. It is not clear if the
5926:
5898:
5046:
4722:
4679:
4612:
3978:
3307:
1474:
1185:
1165:
1146:
918:. It is the first Knowledge in an Aboriginal Australian language site, but it is intended to be
868:
701:
691:
6099:
6089:
5420:
5405:
5359:
5287:
5245:
4070:
2048:
1246:
1172:
804:
424:
3299:
1434:
in Noongar meant "a gathering". Daisy Bates suggests that central to Noongar culture was the
6309:
6002:
5989:
5801:
5618:
5377:
4794:
4674:
4622:
3957:
1298:
1239:
1218:
627:
learnt and studied Noongar, eventually producing a grammar, dictionary, and other materials.
608:
560:
472:
464:
445:
6197:
6330:
6238:
6184:
6038:
5974:
5837:
5686:
5658:
5653:
5468:
5397:
5382:
5312:
5307:
5297:
5292:
5282:
5250:
5163:
5069:
5054:
5003:
4998:
4988:
4815:
4784:
4632:
4627:
4060:
4012:
3999:
3752:
2926:
Adjectives precede nouns. Some adjectives form the comparative by addition of the suffix -
1232:
1159:
1096:
853:(LOTE) curriculum which would be taught in schools, it was decided to change to "Noongar".
511:
3358:
Abbott, Ian (2001). "Aboriginal names of mammal species in south-west Western Australia".
3116:
309:
8:
6304:
6294:
6284:
6228:
6114:
5979:
5832:
5809:
5786:
5643:
5335:
5237:
5150:
5110:
5077:
5013:
4993:
4904:
4732:
4658:
4538:
4533:
1133:
915:
3541:
6400:
6372:
6362:
6289:
6202:
6018:
5814:
5755:
5747:
5732:
5709:
5676:
5600:
5590:
5567:
5496:
5491:
5410:
5372:
5302:
5222:
5158:
5135:
5130:
5120:
5087:
5082:
4978:
4922:
4866:
4825:
4753:
4707:
4702:
4637:
4563:
3402:
2604:
2080:
2063:
of Noongar, aspects of grammar, syntax and orthography are highly regionally variable.
1225:
1128:
714:
696:
499:
6081:
3726:
838:
and Rose Whitehurst started recording elders speaking using Noongar language in 1990.
295:
6387:
6354:
6335:
6325:
6274:
6264:
6033:
5921:
5916:
5908:
5865:
5824:
5737:
5681:
5668:
5648:
5628:
5585:
5547:
5524:
5478:
5455:
5435:
5425:
5367:
5266:
5260:
5105:
4960:
4955:
4917:
4841:
4820:
4789:
4727:
4653:
4607:
4548:
4172:
4074:
4026:
3566:
3434:
3426:
3416:
3382:
3279:
3038:
in 2019 with the rationale "Australian government used and currently published name".
2076:
2051:, with words and phrases formed by the addition of affixes to verb and noun stems.
1254:
1123:
1101:
831:
815:
811:
544:
540:
487:
449:
399:
387:
134:
4215:
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 44.6
3460:
601:
Serious documentation of the Noongar language began in 1842 with the publication of
563:
described Lyon's work as "containing many inaccuracies and much that was fanciful".
506:(or Nunga) dialect was significantly different from Wudjari. However, according to
6377:
6340:
6279:
6207:
6192:
6109:
5959:
5954:
5944:
5936:
5893:
5791:
5765:
5633:
5613:
5608:
5562:
5552:
5486:
5463:
5445:
5125:
5036:
5031:
4945:
4927:
4912:
4856:
4774:
4769:
4748:
4617:
4558:
4553:
4082:
4042:
3937:
3929:
2215:
1286:
1113:
1106:
968:
706:
549:
A Glance at the Manners and Language of Aboriginal Inhabitants of Western Australia
427:
project, and English names where they are not. Names recorded for features such as
410:
353:
324:
3933:
6405:
6395:
6367:
6299:
6269:
6259:
6140:
6119:
6104:
6094:
6023:
5969:
5949:
5888:
5842:
5773:
5638:
5623:
5557:
5539:
5440:
5415:
5327:
5274:
5199:
5184:
5140:
5115:
5059:
5026:
4937:
4851:
4712:
4589:
4573:
4568:
4510:
4034:
1212:
1118:
683:
624:
483:
479:
121:
4213:
Bates, Daisy M (1914). "A Few Notes on Some South-Western Australian Dialects".
3723:"Western and Northern Aboriginal Language Alliance Conference - List of Authors"
6243:
6233:
6223:
6045:
5880:
5194:
5021:
4983:
4810:
4002:
Albany GateWAy Co-operative Limited, 28 July 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2006.
3839:
3694:"WA schools take first steps towards offering formal Noongar language learning"
2959: used generally with verbs
956:
835:
788:
616:
527:
507:
192:
3942:
3249:
6428:
5430:
5387:
4950:
4599:
4016:
3640:"Language Statistics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2016"
3588:
3492:. Vol. VII, no. 346. Western Australia. 24 August 1839. p. 135
3430:
2931:
1009:
931:
757:
568:
556:
271:
4086:
4046:
4038:
3667:"Indigenous languages being taught to 10,000 Western Australian school kids"
3438:
3483:
1517:
907:
891:
523:
199:
4078:
4030:
3614:
3224:
2218:, specifically relating to motion or direction, among other distinctions.
559:. Despite the significance of Lyon's work in being the first of its kind,
261:
254:
247:
240:
233:
226:
4466:
4164:
3780:
1308:
1004:
946:
899:
846:
577:
436:
2214:
Nouns (as well as adjectives) take a variety of suffixes which indicate
2196: just now (
4463:, digitised and geo-tagged lists of Aboriginal words, including Noongar
3593:
3469:
2993:
Questions are formed by the addition of the interrogative interjection
2967: used generally with adjectives
2052:
2029:
1507:
1021:
1014:
980:
939:
495:
432:
73:
53:
459:
4445:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
3832:"NoongarPedia created as first Knowledge site in Aboriginal language"
3528:
Noongar Dictionary Noongar to English and English to Noongar (2nd Ed)
3121:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
3027:
1397:
1348:
1067:
1044:
919:
842:
773:
745:
582:
288:
212:
85:
4449:
3092:
423:
Map of Perth showing Noongar names for places where recorded in the
1497:
1470:
539:
A number of small wordlists were recorded in the early days of the
403:
89:
81:
2627:. Conversely, object pronouns are formed by the addition of the -
3805:
2794:
2060:
1390:
A large number of modern place names in Western Australia end in
1140:
951:
935:
391:
101:
97:
93:
61:
45:
807:, 443 people identified themselves as speaking Noongar at home.
1512:
503:
77:
69:
65:
49:
2106: future (
3916:
Rahaman, Hafizur; Johnston, Michelle; Champion, Erik (2021).
3559:
A Nyoongar wordlist: from the south-west of Western Australia
2793:
pronouns which identify interpersonal relationships based on
2168: a long time (
934:
has promoted the use of the language through song, including
894:
mob, written by Wirlomin Noongar Language and Stories Project
861:
552:
3632:
3512:
Illustrated dictionary of the South-West Aboriginal language
3484:"Vocabulary of the Aboriginal Language of Western Australia"
3381:(second ed.). Welshpool WA: Western Australian Museum.
3223:(Interview). Interviewed by Todhunter, Rhian. Archived from
2918:
on-rock standing"), "the kangaroo is standing on the rock."
2120: conditional (
374:
339:
4387:
4385:
4357:
4355:
4353:
911:
818:
offers an open online Noongar language and culture course.
368:
336:
57:
4456:
Billardong Noongar Waangkany Ballardong Noongar dictionary
3463:
Vocabulary of the Aboriginal Language of Western Australia
365:
333:
3119:
Noongar at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
1392:
371:
362:
4382:
4350:
3810:
Noongar Boodjar Language Cultural Aboriginal Corporation
3785:
Noongar Boodjar Language Cultural Aboriginal Corporation
574:
Vocabulary of the Aboriginal people of Western Australia
406:
into English, particularly names of plants and animals.
4460:
4441:
Bibliography of Bibbulman language and people resources
4319:
4317:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4169:
Australian Aboriginal languages: a general introduction
3918:"Audio-augmented arboreality: wildflowers and language"
3915:
3539:
2182: a short time (
834:
have released several books in the language. Educators
638:, and is teaching Noongar to inmates in Perth prisons.
598:
was very rarely used and never at the start of a word.
3193:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2 December 2021
2137: progressive (
991:
The following are the sounds in the Noongar language:
4343:
4341:
4104:"A Noongar word for 'smoke' finds a place in science"
2149: past (
841:
In 1997 at a meeting of around 200 Noongar people at
359:
330:
4314:
4246:
2055:
in Noongar is free, but generally tends to follow a
1440:, referring to those that gather around the hearth (
482:, and may have been a dialect of the Kartu language
416:
4331:
4329:
4059:
4011:
1496:, was adopted for the family of compounds known as
402:. Within that region, many Noongar words have been
356:
327:
4338:
1506:"to be hit on the head" comes from the term for a
795:, is the community dialect of the Nyungar people.
463:The Noongar language subgroup, and its individual
2938:. The superlative is formed by the addition of -
922:, so as to be used as a teaching aid in schools.
398:of the Noongar people is the southwest corner of
6426:
4326:
3489:The Perth Gazette and Western Australian Journal
2930:but more generally the comparative is formed by
2092: later (
4202:Noongar Waangkiny: A Learner's Guide to Noongar
3133:"Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3746:
3744:
3561:(2nd ed.). Welshpool, Western Australia:
3556:
3341:Conservation Science Western Australia Journal
1416:means "place of the male kangaroo". The word
4482:
3775:
3773:
3327:
3325:
2994:
2972:
2962:
2954:
2905:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2611:, whereas nouns that end in consonants take -
2564:
2554:
2544:
2534:
2524:
2514:
2504:
2494:
2484:
2474:
2464:
2454:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2414:
2404:
2394:
2384:
2374:
2364:
2354:
2344:
2334:
2324:
2314:
2304:
2294:
2284:
2274:
2264:
2254:
2244:
2234:
2224:
2197:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2169:
2163:
2150:
2138:
2121:
2115:
2107:
2101:
2093:
2087:
1501:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1464:
1458:
1457:, include the given name Kylie, "boomerang",
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
902:from the School of Indigenous Studies at the
551:. Lyon acquired much of his information from
522:The Noongar names for birds were included in
4171:. London: Angus & Robertson Publishers.
3557:Bindon, Peter; Chadwick, Ross, eds. (2011).
938:for children and a translation of the song "
925:
3741:
3331:
2999:alongside the infinitive root of the verb.
2075:The following adverbs are used to indicate
1449:Noongar words which have been adopted into
1408:. This is because in the Noongar language,
1375:(west), or the word for fire may vary from
16:Southwestern Australian Aboriginal language
4496:
4489:
4475:
4157:
3770:
3500:– via National Library of Australia.
3411:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
3376:
3351:
3322:
3087:
3085:
2971:There is also an adverbial negation word,
2499:, "a spear is used for hunting kangaroos"
1938:Basic counting 1 through to 10 plus twenty
821:
5708:
5221:
3941:
3863:
3861:
3823:
3584:
3582:
3112:
3110:
2593:Colours spelt both in Noongar and English
1339:/r/ can be heard as either or a glide .
5864:
5523:
4888:
3646:. 11 April 2022. Table 1.2.1 Census 2016
3370:
2579:
1926:
1412:means "place of". For example, the name
882:
458:
6162:
3750:
3725:. Batchelor Press. 2013. Archived from
3214:
3210:
3208:
3155:
3153:
3082:
955:into Noongar was performed at the 2020
619:on the variety known as "Koreng", near
611:, later republished in 1884 as part of
498:(Nyakinyaki) was possibly a dialect of
6427:
6067:
4228:Australian Journal of Linguistics 32.1
4098:
4096:
3892:"Shakespeare in Noongar a world first"
3867:
3858:
3664:
3579:
3377:Bindon, Peter; Ross, Chadwick (2011).
3357:
3273:
3107:
409:Noongar was first recorded in 1801 by
6161:
6066:
5863:
5707:
5522:
5220:
4887:
4508:
4470:
4163:
4053:
4005:
3872:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3829:
3700:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3691:
3685:
3673:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3658:
3522:
3520:
3395:
2043:Noongar grammar is fairly typical of
798:
3504:
3458:
3205:
3187:"Learn some of the Noongar language"
3179:
3150:
3067:
2977:, roughly equivalent to the English
2059:pattern. Because there are several
645:
4509:
4093:
3868:Turner, Rebecca (25 January 2020).
3757:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3138:. SIL International. 22 August 2018
3093:"639 Identifier Documentation: nys"
1520:, is thought to come from Noongar.
945:An adaption and translation of the
566:During August and October 1839 the
413:, who made a number of word lists.
13:
3830:Woods, Meghan (10 November 2016).
3517:
3408:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2211:There are no articles in Noongar.
1524:Vocabulary list from Blake (1981)
1363:(west); the word for water may be
14:
6451:
4434:
3897:. Perth Festival. 31 October 2019
3215:Collard, Len (7 September 2015).
3068:Long, Katrin (13 February 2014).
2988:
1329:
1320:
1313:
1297:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1074:
1058:
1049:
1035:
1026:
417:Varieties of the Noongar subgroup
244: – Bibbulman (Pipelman)
3751:Kennedy, Sharon (20 July 2010).
3599:
3540:McCabe, Timothy Francis (2012).
2496:kitjal baal daatj-mit barangin'y
1922:
787:An English dialect with Noongar
555:while Yagan was incarcerated on
517:
390:, spoken by some members of the
352:
323:
4421:
4412:
4403:
4394:
4373:
4364:
4305:
4296:
4287:
4278:
4269:
4260:
4233:
4220:
4207:
4194:
4185:
4143:
4117:
4109:University of Western Australia
3993:
3971:
3950:
3909:
3884:
3798:
3715:
3644:Australian Bureau of Statistics
3607:
3550:
3533:
3476:
3452:
3292:
3267:
3041:
1490:, "spear". The word for smoke,
910:", recording the language in a
904:University of Western Australia
878:
467:, before contact with Europeans
3413:Australian National University
3403:"Grey, Sir George (1812–1898)"
3242:
3161:"Noongar Language and Culture"
3125:
3061:
3021:
974:
650:
384:Australian Aboriginal language
1:
4066:The Passing of the Aborigines
4018:The Passing of the Aborigines
3934:10.1080/14626268.2020.1868536
3692:Wynne, Emma (1 August 2021).
3665:Bourke, Keane (4 July 2022).
3054:
2921:
1342:
1086:
4302:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.18-19.
4200:Spehn-Jackson, Lois (2015).
4151:Oxford Dictionary of English
4000:"Place of the Male Kangaroo"
3546:(Thesis). Curtin University.
986:
965:Yirra Yaakin Theatre Company
864:were teaching the language.
851:Languages Other Than English
265: – Whadjuk (Wajuk)
237: – Mineng (Minang)
230: – Koreng (Goreng)
171:Balardung (incl. Tjapanmay?)
7:
3753:"Learning Noongar language"
3002:
2945:
2618:
2188:, "ate a little while ago")
2112:, "will eat after a while")
1884:paminy (wantanginy 'kill')
1516:, denoting a type of small
890:"Djena djen", performed by
856:By 2010, 37 schools in the
830:and Perth. Authors such as
590:sound, there was no use of
10:
6456:
4241:Western Australia Almanack
3228:(Audio, text introduction)
3009:Boodjar Nyungar Placenames
2789:Noongar features a set of
2571:agentive suffix used with
2038:
1451:Western Australian English
533:Birds of Western Australia
439:are not shown in this map.
6386:
6353:
6318:
6252:
6216:
6183:
6174:
6170:
6157:
6128:
6080:
6076:
6062:
6011:
5935:
5907:
5879:
5875:
5859:
5823:
5800:
5764:
5746:
5723:
5719:
5703:
5667:
5599:
5576:
5538:
5534:
5518:
5477:
5454:
5396:
5358:
5326:
5273:
5259:
5236:
5232:
5216:
5177:
5149:
5096:
5068:
5045:
5012:
4969:
4936:
4903:
4899:
4883:
4834:
4803:
4762:
4741:
4693:
4667:
4646:
4598:
4582:
4521:
4517:
4504:
4427:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.15.
4391:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.13.
4361:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.20.
4311:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.18.
4275:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.11.
4266:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.16.
4129:Western Australian Museum
3563:Western Australian Museum
3254:www.noongarculture.org.au
1312:
1105:
1095:
1093:
994:
926:Language through the arts
771:
755:
743:
738:
680:
670:
662:
657:
302:
286:
269:
210:
205:
189:
150:
118:
114:less than 240 (2014)
108:
41:
33:
28:
23:
4204:. Batchelor Press. p.12.
3530:Retrieved 9 August 2019.
3514:Retrieved 9 August 2019.
3274:Rooney, Bernard (2011).
3014:
2511:belong-to, inhabitant of
2359:, "away from the water"
2279:, "by means of a spear"
2206:
2174:, "ate a long time ago")
2066:
576:, written by Lieutenant
3958:"Noongar Language Apps"
3308:South Australian Museum
2995:
2973:
2963:
2955:
2906:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2565:
2555:
2545:
2535:
2525:
2515:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2465:
2455:
2445:
2435:
2425:
2415:
2405:
2395:
2385:
2375:
2365:
2355:
2345:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2285:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2245:
2235:
2225:
2198:
2192:
2184:
2178:
2170:
2164:
2151:
2139:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2088:
1502:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1475:Cherax quinquecarinatus
1465:
1459:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
869:Commonwealth Government
822:Noongar Language Centre
6440:Pama–Nyungan languages
6028:old Wangkumara/Garlali
5997:new Wangkumara/Garlali
4498:Pama–Nyungan languages
4450:Noongarpedia word list
3979:"Sharing The Dreaming"
3526:Whitehurst, R. (1997)
2798:other or are in-laws.
2594:
2339:, "towards the water"
2045:Pama–Nyungan languages
1939:
895:
676:443 (2016 census)
468:
5318:Woiwurrung–Taungurung
4418:Symmons 1842, p.xxvi.
4323:Symmons 1842, p.xiii.
4293:Symmons 1842, p.viii.
4257:Symmons 1842, p.xvii.
3806:"[Home page]"
3459:Grey, George (1839).
2592:
2299:, "your grandmother"
1937:
889:
609:George Fletcher Moore
561:George Fletcher Moore
462:
258: – Pinjarup
251: – Wardandi
6378:Gangalidda (Yukulta)
4452:(under construction)
4370:Symmons 1842, p.xiv.
3332:Abbott, Ian (2009).
2399:, "becoming strong"
547:'s 1833 publication
162:Bibbulman (Pipelman)
6164:Macro-Pama–Nyungan?
4461:Digital Daisy Bates
4409:Symmons 1842, p.xi.
4379:Symmons 1842, p.xv.
4347:Symmons 1842, p.ix.
4071:G. P. Putnam's Sons
4061:Daisy Bates, C.B.E.
4013:Daisy Bates, C.B.E.
3510:Douglas, W. (1996)
3278:. Batchelor Press.
3276:Nyoongar Dictionary
3095:. SIL International
2459:, "without a coat"
2379:, "near the water"
2319:, "place of trees"
2155:, "ate, had eaten")
2098:, "will eat later")
2057:subject–object–verb
1525:
916:Wikimedia Incubator
5629:Ngarluma-Kariyarra
4400:Baker 2014, p.182.
3943:20.500.11937/82325
3922:Digital Creativity
3304:samuseum.sa.gov.au
2605:Grammatical number
2595:
2519:, "river dweller"
2431:having or existing
1966:boodjar (country)
1940:
1523:
959:. The play, named
930:Singer-songwriter
898:In 2015 Professor
896:
799:Number of speakers
715:Australian English
632:Noongar Dictionary
469:
454:Noongar Dictionary
165:Kaniyang (Kaneang)
156:Wudjari (Kwetjman)
6422:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6414:
6413:
6349:
6348:
6217:Mangarrayi-Marran
6176:Macro-Gunwinyguan
6153:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6053:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5578:Kanyara–Mantharta
5514:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5354:
5353:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5207:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4862:Mbariman-Gudhinma
4335:Bates 1914, p.68.
4284:Bates 1914, p.66.
3597:(25th ed., 2022)
3422:978-0-522-84459-7
3379:Nyoongar Wordlist
3165:Curtin University
2898:
2897:
2783:
2782:
2590:
2578:
2577:
2559:, "crow species"
2551:species or family
2439:, "getting dark"
2077:grammatical tense
2036:
2035:
1989:/ɟ/; similar to "
1981:darbal (estuary)
1935:
1920:
1919:
1469:, the freshwater
1453:, or more widely
1337:
1336:
1084:
1083:
963:, is produced by
887:
832:Charmaine Bennell
816:Curtin University
812:Western Australia
785:
784:
646:Current situation
596:⟨h⟩
592:⟨f⟩
588:⟨c⟩
545:Robert Menli Lyon
541:Swan River Colony
450:dialect continuum
400:Western Australia
388:dialect continuum
316:
315:
223:Individual codes:
37:Western Australia
6447:
6435:Noongar language
6181:
6180:
6172:
6171:
6159:
6158:
6078:
6077:
6064:
6063:
5877:
5876:
5861:
5860:
5721:
5720:
5705:
5704:
5536:
5535:
5520:
5519:
5345:Kuurn Kopan Noot
5341:Dhauwurd Wurrung
5271:
5270:
5234:
5233:
5218:
5217:
5169:Pallanganmiddang
4901:
4900:
4885:
4884:
4780:Aghu Tharrnggala
4519:
4518:
4506:
4505:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4468:
4467:
4428:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4392:
4389:
4380:
4377:
4371:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4348:
4345:
4336:
4333:
4324:
4321:
4312:
4309:
4303:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4267:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4244:
4237:
4231:
4224:
4218:
4211:
4205:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4161:
4155:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4100:
4091:
4090:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4009:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3896:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3748:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3705:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3537:
3531:
3524:
3515:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3467:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3212:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3129:
3123:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3065:
3048:
3045:
3039:
3025:
2998:
2976:
2966:
2958:
2914:(lit. "kangaroo
2913:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2805:
2804:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2638:
2637:
2591:
2568:
2558:
2548:
2538:
2528:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2448:
2438:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2368:
2358:
2348:
2338:
2328:
2318:
2308:
2298:
2288:
2278:
2268:
2258:
2248:
2239:, "in the tree"
2238:
2228:
2221:
2220:
2216:grammatical case
2201:
2195:
2187:
2181:
2173:
2167:
2154:
2142:
2125:
2119:
2111:
2105:
2097:
2091:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1526:
1522:
1505:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1468:
1462:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1333:
1324:
1317:
1301:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1091:
1090:
1078:
1062:
1053:
1039:
1030:
999:
998:
969:Bell Shakespeare
888:
767:
748:
686:
655:
654:
597:
593:
589:
411:Matthew Flinders
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
312:
298:
281:
264:
257:
250:
243:
236:
229:
221:– inclusive code
220:
215:
195:
124:
21:
20:
6455:
6454:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6410:
6382:
6345:
6314:
6248:
6212:
6166:
6145:
6124:
6072:
6050:
6007:
5984:Wangka-Yutjurru
5931:
5903:
5871:
5847:
5819:
5796:
5760:
5742:
5715:
5691:
5663:
5595:
5572:
5530:
5506:
5473:
5450:
5392:
5350:
5322:
5288:Dja Dja Wurrung
5269:
5255:
5228:
5204:
5173:
5145:
5092:
5064:
5041:
5008:
4965:
4932:
4895:
4871:
4847:Flinders Island
4830:
4799:
4758:
4737:
4689:
4685:Guugu Yimidhirr
4663:
4642:
4594:
4578:
4544:Arritinngithigh
4529:Adithinngithigh
4513:
4511:Paman languages
4500:
4495:
4437:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4383:
4378:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4360:
4351:
4346:
4339:
4334:
4327:
4322:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4261:
4256:
4247:
4238:
4234:
4225:
4221:
4212:
4208:
4199:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4179:
4165:Blake, Barry J.
4162:
4158:
4148:
4144:
4134:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4113:. 6 March 2009.
4102:
4101:
4094:
4058:
4054:
4010:
4006:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3914:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3875:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3779:
3778:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3749:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3729:on 7 March 2016
3721:
3720:
3716:
3703:
3701:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3555:
3551:
3538:
3534:
3525:
3518:
3509:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3457:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3423:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3375:
3371:
3356:
3352:
3336:
3330:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3230:on 8 April 2020
3227:
3213:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3115:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3034:, changed from
3026:
3022:
3017:
3005:
2991:
2948:
2924:
2621:
2580:
2419:, "like a dog"
2296:noon-an kabarli
2209:
2185:karamb ngaarnga
2126:, "should eat")
2069:
2041:
1997:
1996:djen (foot) or
1927:
1925:
1345:
1089:
997:
989:
977:
928:
883:
881:
824:
801:
763:
760:
744:
734:
687:
684:Language family
682:
673:
672:Native speakers
653:
648:
625:Wilfrid Douglas
595:
591:
587:
520:
448:(or possibly a
442:
441:
440:
419:
355:
351:
326:
322:
308:
294:
277:
274:
260:
259:
253:
252:
246:
245:
239:
238:
232:
231:
225:
224:
222:
218:
211:
196:
191:
159:Mineng (Minang)
146:
125:
122:Language family
120:
111:
110:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
6453:
6443:
6442:
6437:
6420:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6392:
6390:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6359:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6322:
6320:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
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6250:
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6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6189:
6187:
6178:
6168:
6167:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6136:Lower Burdekin
6132:
6130:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6086:
6084:
6074:
6073:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6052:
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6021:
6015:
6013:
6009:
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5999:
5998:
5995:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5941:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5927:Lower Arrernte
5924:
5919:
5913:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5899:Western Desert
5896:
5891:
5885:
5883:
5873:
5872:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5829:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5806:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5779:
5770:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5744:
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5717:
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5701:
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5697:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5673:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5605:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5582:
5580:
5574:
5573:
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5570:
5565:
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5555:
5550:
5544:
5542:
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5516:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5460:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5364:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5338:
5332:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5279:
5277:
5265:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5230:
5229:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5195:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
5192:
5187:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5147:
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5123:
5118:
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5108:
5102:
5100:
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5074:
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5057:
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5043:
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5034:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4975:
4973:
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4966:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4942:
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4934:
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4931:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4897:
4896:
4881:
4880:
4877:
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4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
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4838:
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4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4807:
4805:
4801:
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4798:
4797:
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4782:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4723:Kuuk Thaayorre
4720:
4719:
4718:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
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4662:
4661:
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4648:
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4515:
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4502:
4501:
4494:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4436:
4435:External links
4433:
4430:
4429:
4420:
4411:
4402:
4393:
4381:
4372:
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4349:
4337:
4325:
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4232:
4219:
4206:
4193:
4184:
4177:
4156:
4142:
4116:
4092:
4052:
4004:
3992:
3981:. 12 July 2019
3970:
3949:
3908:
3883:
3857:
3840:Radio National
3822:
3797:
3769:
3740:
3714:
3684:
3657:
3631:
3606:
3578:
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3549:
3532:
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3475:
3451:
3421:
3394:
3387:
3369:
3350:
3321:
3291:
3284:
3266:
3241:
3217:"Noongarpedia"
3204:
3178:
3149:
3124:
3106:
3081:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3040:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3004:
3001:
2990:
2989:Interrogatives
2987:
2969:
2968:
2960:
2947:
2944:
2923:
2920:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
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2787:
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2773:
2766:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2620:
2617:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2561:
2560:
2552:
2549:
2541:
2540:
2539:, "very good"
2532:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2512:
2509:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2479:, "with food"
2472:
2469:
2461:
2460:
2452:
2449:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2396:moorditj-abiny
2392:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2369:
2361:
2360:
2352:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2332:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2312:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2292:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2269:
2261:
2260:
2252:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2229:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2189:
2175:
2157:
2156:
2144:
2128:
2127:
2113:
2099:
2068:
2065:
2047:in that it is
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1998:nortj (death)
1994:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:English sound
1946:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1798:
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1778:
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1758:
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1742:
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1738:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1694:
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1690:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1666:
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1654:
1653:
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1646:
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1634:
1630:
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1626:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1614:
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1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1195:
1182:
1169:
1156:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
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1082:
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1079:
1072:
1070:
1064:
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1031:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
996:
993:
988:
985:
976:
973:
957:Perth Festival
927:
924:
880:
877:
836:Glenys Collard
823:
820:
800:
797:
783:
782:
777:
769:
768:
761:
756:
753:
752:
749:
741:
740:
739:Language codes
736:
735:
733:
732:
731:
730:
729:
728:
727:
726:
725:
724:
723:
722:
690:
688:
681:
678:
677:
674:
671:
668:
667:
664:
660:
659:
652:
649:
647:
644:
617:Gerhardt Laves
543:, for example
519:
516:
508:Norman Tindale
480:Kartu subgroup
422:
421:
420:
418:
415:
314:
313:
306:
300:
299:
292:
284:
283:
275:
270:
267:
266:
216:
208:
207:
206:Language codes
203:
202:
197:
193:Writing system
190:
187:
186:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
152:
148:
147:
145:
144:
143:
142:
128:
126:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6452:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6160:
6156:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6065:
6061:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6032:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6010:
6004:
6001:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5822:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5799:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5706:
5702:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5521:
5517:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5453:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5406:Adnyamathanha
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5246:Yabula-Yabula
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5219:
5215:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5047:Gumbaynggiric
5044:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4994:Gureng Gureng
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4680:Gugu Yalandyi
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4492:
4487:
4485:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4424:
4415:
4406:
4397:
4388:
4386:
4376:
4367:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4344:
4342:
4332:
4330:
4320:
4318:
4308:
4299:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4263:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4242:
4236:
4229:
4223:
4216:
4210:
4203:
4197:
4188:
4180:
4178:0-207-14044-8
4174:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4153:
4152:
4146:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4008:
4001:
3996:
3980:
3974:
3959:
3953:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3912:
3893:
3887:
3871:
3864:
3862:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3826:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3745:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3711:
3699:
3695:
3688:
3672:
3668:
3661:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3583:
3574:
3572:9781920843595
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3513:
3507:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3471:
3466:
3464:
3455:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3390:
3388:9781920843595
3384:
3380:
3373:
3366:(4): 433–486.
3365:
3361:
3354:
3347:(2): 213–78 .
3346:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3326:
3310:. 5 June 2019
3309:
3305:
3301:
3300:"Njunga (WA)"
3295:
3287:
3285:9781741312331
3281:
3277:
3270:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3211:
3209:
3192:
3191:ABC Education
3188:
3182:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3064:
3060:
3044:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2932:reduplication
2929:
2919:
2917:
2912:
2911:boyak yaakiny
2910:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2556:bwardong-mart
2553:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2436:moorn-boorong
2433:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2259:, "for meat"
2257:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2202:, "just ate")
2200:
2199:gori ngaarnga
2194:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2171:gorah gaarnga
2166:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2095:boorda ngaarn
2090:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:agglutinating
2046:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1951:Nyunga sound
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1923:Pronunciation
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1092:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:
992:
984:
982:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
953:
948:
947:Shakespearean
943:
941:
937:
933:
932:Gina Williams
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
893:
876:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
845:, a standard
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
819:
817:
813:
808:
806:
796:
794:
790:
781:
778:
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
759:
758:Linguist List
754:
750:
747:
742:
737:
721:
718:
717:
716:
713:
712:
710:
709:
708:
705:
704:
703:
702:West Germanic
700:
699:
698:
695:
694:
693:
692:Indo-European
689:
685:
679:
675:
669:
665:
661:
656:
643:
639:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
613:Moore's diary
610:
606:
605:
599:
584:
579:
575:
571:
570:
569:Perth Gazette
564:
562:
558:
557:Carnac Island
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
534:
529:
525:
518:Documentation
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
491:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
466:
461:
457:
455:
451:
447:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:OpenStreetMap
414:
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
379:
350:
344:
320:
311:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
291:
290:
285:
280:
276:
273:
272:Linguist List
268:
263:
256:
249:
242:
235:
228:
217:
214:
209:
204:
201:
198:
194:
188:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
153:
149:
141:
138:
137:
136:
133:
132:
131:
127:
123:
117:
113:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
6310:Anindilyakwa
6070:Pama–Nyungan
6024:Bulloo River
6003:Yandruwandha
5990:Wilson River
5869:Pama–Nyungan
5781:Yindjilandji
5725:Ngumpin–Yapa
5713:Pama–Nyungan
5654:Yindjibarndi
5619:Martuthunira
5528:Pama–Nyungan
5501:
5360:Lower Murray
5226:Pama–Nyungan
4893:Pama–Nyungan
4675:Barrow Point
4423:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4375:
4366:
4307:
4298:
4289:
4280:
4271:
4262:
4240:
4235:
4227:
4222:
4214:
4209:
4201:
4196:
4187:
4168:
4159:
4149:
4145:
4133:. Retrieved
4125:"Kodj (axe)"
4119:
4107:
4069:. New York:
4065:
4055:
4017:
4007:
3995:
3983:. Retrieved
3973:
3961:. Retrieved
3952:
3928:(1): 22–37.
3925:
3921:
3911:
3899:. Retrieved
3886:
3874:. Retrieved
3848:. Retrieved
3843:
3835:
3825:
3813:. Retrieved
3809:
3800:
3788:. Retrieved
3784:
3760:. Retrieved
3731:. Retrieved
3727:the original
3717:
3709:
3702:. Retrieved
3697:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3670:
3660:
3648:. Retrieved
3634:
3622:. Retrieved
3618:
3609:
3592:
3558:
3552:
3542:
3535:
3506:
3494:. Retrieved
3487:
3478:
3468:– via
3462:
3454:
3442:. Retrieved
3406:
3397:
3378:
3372:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3344:
3340:
3312:. Retrieved
3303:
3294:
3275:
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3253:
3244:
3232:. Retrieved
3225:the original
3221:RTR FM Radio
3220:
3195:. Retrieved
3190:
3181:
3169:. Retrieved
3164:
3140:. Retrieved
3127:
3097:. Retrieved
3073:
3063:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3023:
2992:
2982:
2978:
2970:
2949:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2925:
2915:
2908:
2903:
2788:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2476:mereny-kadak
2416:dwert-mokiny
2271:instrumental
2213:
2210:
2158:
2146:
2134:
2129:
2123:doora ngaarn
2074:
2070:
2042:
2022:
2007:
1990:
1975:
1960:
1511:
1473:
1448:
1409:
1391:
1389:
1357:(south) and
1346:
1338:
990:
978:
960:
950:
944:
929:
908:Noongarpedia
897:
892:Noongarpedia
879:Noongarpedia
866:
855:
840:
825:
809:
802:
792:
786:
779:
772:
719:
666:SW Australia
640:
636:Kellerberrin
631:
629:
602:
600:
573:
567:
565:
548:
538:
531:
521:
492:
477:
470:
453:
443:
408:
348:
318:
317:
287:
139:
130:Pama–Nyungan
18:
6331:Kungarakany
6253:Gunwinyguan
6239:Warndarrang
6039:Barranbinja
5975:Pitta Pitta
5838:Mayi-Kutuna
5802:Kalkatungic
5687:Nyangumarta
5659:Yinhawangka
5469:Ngadjunmaya
5383:Yitha-Yitha
5313:Wemba Wemba
5298:Madhi-Madhi
5293:Ledji-Ledji
5164:Gunaikurnai
5055:Kumbainggar
4816:Mbara-Yanga
4785:Ikarranggal
4633:Wik-Ngathan
4628:Wik-Mungkan
4613:Kugu-Muminh
4023:John Murray
3985:14 February
3963:14 February
3624:23 December
3360:CALMScience
3259:17 February
3234:19 December
2873:3rd person
2847:2nd person
2821:1st person
2791:dual number
2649:Possessive
2391:translative
2143:, "eating")
2109:mila ngaarn
1860:tyinanginy
1510:. The word
1500:. The word
1369:(south) or
1309:Approximant
981:mobile apps
975:Mobile apps
900:Len Collard
847:orthography
805:2016 census
793:Neo-Nyungar
791:, known as
720:Neo-Nyungar
658:Neo-Nyungar
651:Neo-Nyungar
512:Ngadjunmaya
437:Lake Monger
282:Juat (Yuat)
174:Yuat (Juat)
6429:Categories
6305:Nunggubuyu
6295:Rembarrnga
6285:Kunbarlang
6229:Mangarrayi
6185:Maningrida
5994:Bundhamara
5980:Wanggamala
5964:Yarluyandi
5833:Mayi-Kulan
5810:Kalkatungu
5787:Warluwarra
5766:Warluwaric
5644:Nyiyaparli
5398:Thura-Yura
5336:Bungandidj
5308:Wathaurong
5190:Bandjalang
5111:Darkinjung
5098:Yuin–Kuric
5078:Gamilaraay
5070:Wiradhuric
4971:Waka–Kabic
4867:Umbindhamu
4733:Yir-Yoront
4717:Ogh-Undjan
4659:Morrobolam
4539:Anguthimri
4534:Andjingith
4154:, p 1,459.
4087:Q128041316
4047:Q128038330
4021:. London:
3901:26 January
3876:26 January
3619:Ethnologue
3594:Ethnologue
3470:Wikisource
3250:"Language"
3055:References
2922:Adjectives
2680:he/she/it
2536:kwaba-djil
2516:bilya-koop
2471:comitative
2456:bwoka-broo
2411:semblative
2336:keba-koorl
2053:Word order
2030:malleefowl
1876:paranginy
1455:in English
1396:, such as
1343:Vocabulary
1097:Peripheral
1087:Consonants
940:Moon River
873:Cannington
858:South West
572:published
496:Njakinjaki
433:Perth Oval
429:Swan River
74:Njakinjaki
54:Ballardong
6401:Gunindiri
6363:Kayardild
6290:Ngalakgan
6275:Kunwinjku
6203:Gurr-goni
6198:Ndjébbana
6115:Ritharrŋu
6019:Baagandji
5815:Yalarnnga
5756:Warumungu
5748:Warumungu
5677:Karajarri
5591:Mantharta
5568:Yinggarda
5497:Natingero
5492:Kalaamaya
5411:Barngarla
5373:Ngayawung
5303:Wadi-Wadi
5267:Kolakngat
5238:Yotayotic
5159:Dhudhuroa
5151:Gippsland
5131:Ngunnawal
5121:Dhanggati
5088:Wiradjuri
5083:Ngiyambaa
5014:Durubalic
4989:Gabi-Gabi
4979:Barunggam
4923:Warrgamay
4905:Dyirbalic
4826:Walangama
4708:Kok Thawa
4703:Koko-Bera
4695:Southwest
4647:Lamalamic
4638:Wik-Ompom
4623:Wik-Me'nh
4583:Northeast
4564:Ndrangith
4443:, at the
4243:. p.xvii.
4230:(2012): 3
4039:20053610M
3781:"History"
3615:"English"
3444:25 August
3431:1833-7538
3028:ISO 639-3
2810:Fraternal
2725:baalabang
2718:baalabany
2376:keba-ngat
2251:purposive
2140:ngaarniny
2061:varieties
1986:DJ or TJ
1745:eaglehawk
1612:tyarliny
1508:stone axe
1498:karrikins
1437:karlupgur
1398:Joondalup
1349:bandicoot
1134:Retroflex
987:Phonology
936:lullabies
920:bilingual
843:Marribank
789:admixture
774:Glottolog
746:ISO 639-3
594:and that
583:Busselton
500:Kalaamaya
473:varieties
465:varieties
289:Glottolog
213:ISO 639-3
183:?Pinjarup
86:Pindjarup
42:Ethnicity
6336:Wardaman
6326:Gaagudju
6265:Uwinymil
6034:Muruwari
5922:Kaytetye
5917:Arrernte
5710:Northern
5649:Panyjima
5601:Ngayarta
5548:Badimaya
5436:Ngadjuri
5426:Narungga
5283:Bunurong
5251:Yotayota
5223:Southern
5136:Tharawal
5106:Awabakal
5004:Wuliwuli
4999:Wakawaka
4961:Warrongo
4918:Nyawaygi
4857:Kok Narr
4842:Djabugay
4821:Mbabaram
4804:Southern
4728:Kuuk Yak
4668:Yalanjic
4654:Lamalama
4608:Ayabadhu
4549:Awngthim
4167:(1981).
4083:Wikidata
4063:(1939).
4043:Wikidata
4015:(1938).
3850:19 April
3836:ABC News
3815:19 April
3790:19 April
3733:30 April
3698:ABC News
3671:ABC News
3439:70677943
3003:See also
2946:Negation
2816:Marital
2813:Paternal
2673:nganyang
2666:nganyany
2619:Pronouns
2573:ergative
2531:emphatic
2491:used-for
2451:abessive
2426:-boorong
2386:-(a)biny
2371:adessive
2351:ablative
2331:illative
2316:boorn-ap
2311:place-of
2291:genitive
2256:daatj-ak
2236:boorn-ak
2231:locative
2152:ngaarnga
2021:/ŋ/; "si
2013:nyungar
2006:/ɲ/; "ca
1868:kurliny
1852:nyininy
1780:malyern
1756:wartang
1748:warlity
1713:kangaroo
1620:ngorlak
1540:nyungar
1532:Nyungar
1518:macropod
1471:crayfish
1406:Manjimup
1351:include
1129:Alveolar
979:Several
949:tragedy
697:Germanic
528:Whittell
524:Serventy
446:subgroup
382:) is an
296:nyun1247
168:Wardandi
151:Dialects
90:Wardandi
82:Pibelmen
6388:Garrwan
6355:Tangkic
6341:Wagiman
6280:Dalabon
6208:Nakkara
6193:Burarra
5960:Ngamini
5955:Mithaka
5945:Arabana
5909:Arandic
5866:Central
5792:Yanyuwa
5778:Bularnu
5738:Ngumbin
5733:Ngarrga
5682:Mangala
5669:Marrngu
5634:Nhuwala
5614:Kurrama
5609:Jurruru
5586:Kanyara
5563:Wajarri
5553:Malgana
5525:Western
5502:Nyungar
5487:Galaagu
5479:Nyungic
5464:Mirning
5456:Mirniny
5446:Wirangu
5378:Yaralde
5368:Keramin
5261:Kulinic
5126:Ngarigo
5037:Turrbal
5032:Nunukul
4956:Kingkel
4946:Bidjara
4928:Wulguru
4913:Dyirbal
4890:Eastern
4811:Agwamin
4795:Thaypan
4790:Takalak
4775:Angkula
4770:Alungul
4763:Thaypan
4754:Kuthant
4749:Kurtjar
4618:Pakanha
4559:Mbiywom
4554:Luthigh
3314:14 June
3142:10 July
3032:Nyungar
2983:without
2907:yongka
2795:kinship
2777:ngalang
2770:ngalany
2751:noonang
2744:noonany
2737:noonook
2699:baalang
2692:baalany
2643:Subject
2406:-mokiny
2356:kep-ool
2286:-an/ang
2276:kitj-al
2039:Grammar
1993:ewish"
1945:Letter
1916:kutyal
1844:yakiny
1828:marany
1764:ngangk
1724:kelang
1716:yongka
1644:kopurl
1641:stomach
1596:twangk
1556:ngangk
1529:English
1414:Ongerup
1255:Lateral
1141:Plosive
1124:Palatal
1102:Laminal
1010:Central
952:Macbeth
828:Northam
803:On the
765:eng-neo
711:English
404:adopted
396:country
392:Noongar
349:Nyungar
347:; also
319:Noongar
304:AIATSIS
180:Whadjuk
177:Wiilman
140:Noongar
135:Nyungic
102:Wudjari
98:Wiilman
94:Whadjuk
62:Kaneang
46:Noongar
29:Nyungar
24:Noongar
6406:Waanyi
6396:Garrwa
6373:Minkin
6368:Lardil
6300:Ngandi
6260:Jawoyn
6141:Bindal
6110:Djinaŋ
6105:Djinba
6095:Dhuwal
6068:Other
6046:Yardli
5950:Diyari
5937:Karnic
5894:Wanman
5889:Ngardi
5843:Ngawun
5774:Wagaya
5639:Nyamal
5624:Ngarla
5558:Nhanda
5441:Nukunu
5421:Kuyani
5416:Kaurna
5200:Yidiny
5185:Anewan
5116:Dharug
5060:Yaygir
5027:Janday
4984:Dappil
4852:Gugadj
4742:Norman
4713:Kunjen
4590:Umpila
4574:Uradhi
4569:Ngkoth
4217:pp.77.
4175:
4135:8 July
4131:. 2019
4085:
4079:832094
4077:
4045:
4037:
4031:621612
4029:
3844:Awaye!
3704:4 July
3677:4 July
3650:9 July
3589:Nyunga
3569:
3496:22 May
3465:
3437:
3429:
3419:
3385:
3282:
3197:9 July
3171:9 July
3167:. 2022
3099:2 July
3036:Nyunga
2996:kannah
2885:bulala
2840:nganik
2763:ngalak
2711:baalap
2646:Object
2466:-kadak
2326:-koorl
2179:karamb
2089:boorda
2081:aspect
2028:ngow (
1974:/d/; "
1959:/b/; "
1892:ngany
1772:miyak
1729:spider
1721:possum
1700:twert
1684:kwety
1657:faeces
1633:breast
1609:tongue
1580:miyel
1561:father
1553:mother
1513:quokka
1493:karrik
1487:gidgee
1481:gidgie
1478:, and
1466:jilgie
1460:gilgie
1443:karlup
1402:Nannup
1360:quenda
1354:quernt
1287:Rhotic
1114:Labial
1107:Apical
995:Vowels
961:Hecate
707:Anglic
663:Region
621:Albany
504:Njunga
484:Nhanda
78:Njunga
70:Mineng
66:Koreng
50:Amangu
34:Region
6319:Other
6270:Waray
6244:Yugul
6234:Marra
6224:Alawa
6129:Other
6120:Nhaŋu
6100:Djaŋu
6090:Dhaŋu
6082:Yolŋu
6012:Other
5970:Ngura
5540:Kartu
5328:Drual
5275:Kulin
5178:Other
5141:Wormi
5022:Guwar
4938:Maric
4835:Other
4522:North
3895:(PDF)
3762:1 May
3337:(PDF)
3136:(PDF)
3030:uses
3015:Notes
2964:yuada
2892:bulen
2866:nubin
2859:nubal
2852:nubal
2833:ngala
2826:ngali
2706:they
2659:ngany
2566:-(i)l
2546:-mart
2526:-djil
2506:-koop
2446:-broo
2366:-ngat
2306:-(a)p
2266:-(a)l
2246:-(a)k
2226:-(a)k
2207:Nouns
2165:gorah
2117:doora
2067:Verbs
1963:ook"
1908:keny
1900:nyun
1841:stand
1836:taty
1817:smoke
1812:karl
1793:water
1785:stone
1740:wety
1708:nurn
1705:snake
1692:ngup
1689:blood
1676:tyin
1668:yaty
1665:thigh
1660:kwun
1652:kump
1649:urine
1617:tooth
1601:mouth
1588:muly
1545:woman
1378:kaall
1213:Nasal
1119:Velar
1005:Front
967:with
862:Perth
553:Yagan
200:Latin
5881:Wati
5825:Mayi
5431:Nauo
5388:Yuyu
4951:Biri
4173:ISBN
4137:2021
4111:News
4075:OCLC
4027:OCLC
3987:2024
3965:2024
3903:2020
3878:2020
3852:2021
3817:2021
3792:2021
3764:2016
3735:2016
3706:2022
3679:2022
3652:2022
3626:2022
3567:ISBN
3498:2017
3446:2011
3435:OCLC
3427:ISSN
3417:ISBN
3383:ISBN
3316:2021
3280:ISBN
3261:2018
3236:2015
3199:2022
3173:2022
3144:2022
3101:2022
2979:less
2956:bart
2936:very
2909:baal
2878:bula
2732:you
2685:baal
2486:-mit
2346:-ool
2193:gori
2135:-iny
2103:mila
2010:on"
1978:og"
1833:meat
1825:food
1820:puy
1809:fire
1804:may
1801:camp
1796:kep
1788:poy
1777:star
1769:moon
1753:crow
1732:kar
1681:bone
1673:foot
1636:pip
1628:mar
1625:hand
1604:tya
1585:nose
1572:kat
1569:head
1564:mam
1548:yok
1503:kodj
1404:and
1384:karl
1372:kapi
1366:käip
1022:High
1015:Back
912:wiki
860:and
780:None
578:Grey
526:and
488:Widi
435:and
58:Yued
4600:Wik
3938:hdl
3930:doi
3591:at
3117:W41
3075:ABC
2981:or
2974:bru
2940:jil
2928:jin
2758:we
2629:any
2625:ang
2613:gar
2609:man
2147:-ga
2079:or
2018:NG
2003:NY
1913:two
1905:one
1897:you
1881:hit
1873:get
1857:see
1849:sit
1761:sun
1737:emu
1697:dog
1593:ear
1577:eye
1537:man
1484:or
1463:or
1446:).
1431:ker
1428:or
1425:ger
1419:gur
1410:-up
1393:-up
1381:to
1068:Low
1045:Mid
942:".
607:by
530:'s
490:.)
386:or
375:ɑːr
340:ɑːr
310:W41
279:qsz
262:xwj
255:pnj
248:wxw
241:xbp
234:xrg
227:xgg
219:nys
6431::
4384:^
4352:^
4340:^
4328:^
4316:^
4248:^
4127:.
4106:.
4095:^
4081:.
4073:.
4041:.
4035:OL
4033:.
4025:.
3936:.
3926:32
3924:.
3920:.
3860:^
3838:.
3834:.
3808:.
3783:.
3772:^
3755:.
3743:^
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3669:.
3642:.
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3433:.
3425:.
3415:.
3405:.
3362:.
3343:.
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3324:^
3306:.
3302:.
3252:.
3219:.
3207:^
3189:.
3163:.
3152:^
3109:^
3084:^
3072:.
2985:.
2942:.
2916:it
2654:I
2601:.
2599:ak
2083:.
2032:)
2025:"
2023:ng
2008:ny
1971:D
1956:B
1865:go
1422:,
1400:,
1387:.
875:.
514:.
431:,
100:,
96:,
92:,
88:,
84:,
80:,
76:,
72:,
68:,
64:,
60:,
56:,
52:,
4490:e
4483:t
4476:v
4181:.
4139:.
4089:.
4049:.
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3967:.
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3932::
3905:.
3880:.
3854:.
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3842:(
3819:.
3794:.
3766:.
3737:.
3681:.
3654:.
3628:.
3575:.
3472:.
3448:.
3391:.
3364:3
3345:7
3318:.
3288:.
3263:.
3238:.
3201:.
3175:.
3146:.
3103:.
3078:.
1991:j
1976:d
1961:b
1889:I
1331:ɻ
1322:j
1315:w
1299:r
1279:ɭ
1272:l
1265:ʎ
1247:ɳ
1240:n
1233:ɲ
1226:ŋ
1219:m
1205:ʈ
1202:/
1199:ɖ
1192:t
1189:/
1186:d
1179:c
1176:/
1173:ɟ
1166:k
1163:/
1160:ɡ
1153:p
1150:/
1147:b
1076:a
1060:o
1051:e
1037:u
1028:i
751:–
378:/
372:ɡ
369:ŋ
366:ʊ
363:j
360:n
357:ˈ
354:/
343:/
337:ŋ
334:ʊ
331:n
328:ˈ
325:/
321:(
104:)
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