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engines; it is regarded as a medium-strength alloy. It is typically produced using gas atomization or plasma atomization techniques. It is particularly used in additive manufacturing (3D printing) and powder metallurgy processes. Due to its corrosion resistance and high thermal efficiency, C103 helps
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High-strength alloys include C-129Y (10% tungsten, 10% hafnium, 0.1% yttrium, balance niobium), Cb-752 (10% tungsten, 2.5% zirconium), and the even higher strength C-3009 (61% niobium, 30% hafnium, 9% tungsten); these can be used at temperatures up to 1650°C with acceptable strength, though are
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Niobium alloys in general are inconvenient to weld: both sides of the weld must be protected with a stream of inert gas, because hot niobium will react with oxygen and nitrogen in the air. It is also necessary to take care (e.g. hard chrome-plating of all copper tooling) to avoid copper
43:
reduction of appropriate mixtures of the oxides; these are not usable as engineering materials, but are used as convenient sources of niobium for specialist steels and nickel-based
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TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR AN ADVANCED POTASSIUM RANKINE POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM COMPATIBLE WITH SEVERAL SPACE REACTOR DESIGNS
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Yoder, G.; Carbajo, J.; Murphy, R.; Qualls, A.; Sulfredge, C.; Moriarty, M.; Widman, F.; Metcalf, K.; Nikitkin, M. (September 2005).
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47:. Going via an iron-niobium or nickel-niobium alloy avoids problems associated with the high melting point of niobium.
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in the aerospace industry; it is easier to form than CP titanium, and stronger at elevated (> 300°C) temperatures.
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Niobium-1% zirconium is used in rocketry and in the nuclear industry. It is regarded as a low-strength alloy.
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Philips, N.R.; Carl, M.; Cunningham, N.J. (2020). "New
Opportunities in Refractory Alloys".
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8:
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Evaluation of
Niobium-Vanadium Alloys for Application in High-Temperature Reactor Systems
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Niobium-titanium alloy, of the same composition as the superconducting one, is used for
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C-103, which is 89% Nb, 10% Hf and 1% Ti, is used for the rocket nozzle of the
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325:"Overview of C103 Spherical Powder: Composition, Properties, Applications"
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Additive
Manufacture of Refractory Alloy C103 for Propulsion Applications
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for NbTi); there are 1200 tons of NbTi in the magnets of the
81:, since they remain superconducting in high magnetic fields (
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242:. 6th Annual Cleantech & Technology Metals Conference.
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164:
246:: Alkane Resources Ltd. 15–16 May 2017. Archived from
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200:(Technical report). Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
140:reduce material waste and environmental pollution.
104:Sn is used in the windings of almost all hospital
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77:are essential alloys for the industrial use of
35:The most common commercial niobium alloys are
31:Alloys used for the production of other alloys
297:
298:Mireles, Omar; Gao, Youping; Philips, Noah.
23:is one in which the most common element is
59:Niobium–tin superconducting wire from the
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273:Metallurgical and Materials Transactions
66:, which is currently under construction.
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172:(Report). U.S. Department of Energy
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39:and nickel-niobium, produced by
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208:. ORNL-TM-1131. Archived from
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1:
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191:Roche, T. (1 October 1965).
144:expensive and hard to form.
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329:Stanford Advanced Materials
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285:10.1007/s11661-020-05803-3
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51:Superconducting alloys
133:Apollo service module
98:Large Hadron Collider
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68:
215:on 7 January 2014
124:Refractory alloys
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112:Aerospace rivets
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75:Niobium-titanium
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79:superconductors
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356:Niobium alloys
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305:(Report). NASA
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64:fusion reactor
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279:: 3299–3310.
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253:on 2017-09-18
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21:niobium alloy
332:. Retrieved
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307:. Retrieved
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255:. Retrieved
248:the original
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217:. Retrieved
210:the original
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174:. Retrieved
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37:ferroniobium
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18:
100:, whilst Nb
71:Niobium-tin
45:superalloys
257:2020-12-06
152:References
108:machines.
219:7 January
94:15 T
350:Category
135:and the
83:30
41:thermite
334:Aug 20,
309:Aug 20,
244:Toronto
236:Hafnium
176:Aug 20,
25:niobium
118:rivets
88:for Nb
303:(PDF)
251:(PDF)
240:(PDF)
213:(PDF)
198:(PDF)
170:(PDF)
16:Alloy
336:2024
311:2024
221:2014
178:2024
92:Sn,
73:and
61:ITER
281:doi
202:doi
106:MRI
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277:51
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19:A
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102:3
90:3
85:T
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