6865:
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45:
5003:
533:
879:
6149:
903:
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1501:
also came down. The basic rate was reduced from 30 per cent in 1983 to 25 per cent by 1988. The top rate of tax also came down from 60 per cent to 40 per cent in 1988, and the four other higher rates were removed, leaving a system of personal taxation in which there was no rate anywhere in excess of
1609:
Lawson's tax cuts, beginning in 1986, resulted in the "Lawson Boom" of the
British economy, which halved unemployment from more than 3,000,000 by the end of 1989. However, this may have led to a rise in inflation from 3 per cent to more than 8 per cent during 1988, which resulted in interest rates
1894:
magazine, defending the Kyoto
Protocol and describing the committee's report as being "strikingly inconsistent". Lawson responded to Grubb's article, describing it as an example of the "intellectual bankruptcy of the climate change establishment". Lawson also said that Kyoto's approach was
1652:
for the local financing element of local government revenue. His dissent was confined to deliberations within the
Cabinet, where he found few allies and where he was overruled by the Prime Minister and by the ministerial team of the department responsible
1621:
in his memoir and wrote that the 1987 manifesto was not thought through properly and if it had not been for the economic growth of the country at the time, then the manifesto would have been a disaster because "as it was, it was merely an embarrassment".
4271:
4304:
1994:
requires that statements by campaigning charities "must be factually accurate and have a legitimate evidence base". They reviewed the GWPF, which was subsequently split with its campaigning arm and renamed the Global
Warming Policy Forum without
1875:
process, and suggested changes in the UK's contribution to future international climate change negotiations. The report cited a mismatch between the economic costs and benefits of climate policy and also criticised the
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3112:
4262:
4295:
6137:
2814:
2020:
interview in August 2017, Lawson claimed that "official figures" showed "average world temperature has slightly declined" over the preceding decade and that experts in the IPCC found no increase in
5261:
1715:. He was 5 feet 9 inches (175 cm) tall; he lost five stone (70 pounds, 30 kg) from 17 stone, or 238 pounds (108 kg) to 12 stone, or 168 pounds (76 kilograms) – (
6130:
1590:. Insofar as Lawson acknowledged policy errors, he attributed them to a failure to raise interest rates during 1986 and considered that had Thatcher not vetoed the UK joining the
2097:
In a debate with other former cabinet ministers and prominent journalists, Lawson argued that political life is more in need of ideas and direction than grand political visions.
1976:. Ward said that Lawson provided no evidence to back his claim which is contrary to satellite measurements, and Lawson similarly incorrectly implied that the correlation between
6989:
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6480:
1906:. According to the Stern Review, published in 2006, the potential costs of climate change far exceed the costs of a programme to stabilise the climate. Lawson's lecture to the
6115:
2659:
5331:
2136:
After his first marriage was dissolved in 1980, he married Thérèse Mary
Maclear (1947–2023), daughter of Henry Charles Maclear Bate, the same year. They had two children:
6924:
6123:
5702:
4144:
3931:
1927:. He argued the case that, although global warming is happening, the impact of these changes will be relatively moderate rather than apocalyptic. He criticised those "
1061:, while his mother, Joan Elizabeth (Davis) (died 1998), was also from a prosperous family of stockbrokers. His paternal grandfather, Gustav Leibson, a merchant from
6994:
6425:
5506:
5221:
3577:
2995:
2684:
5524:
5256:
3399:
1660:
The issue of exchange-rate mechanism membership continued to fester between Lawson and
Thatcher and was exacerbated by the re-employment by Thatcher of
6829:
5761:
5682:
5286:
1923:
4390:
2896:
2785:
6964:
4703:
4091:
1349:
4598:
6734:
6445:
6153:
5341:
5238:
1946:, in which Lawson described Letwin's views on global warming as "pie in the sky" and called on him and the Conservative frontbench to "get real".
1348:
he set the course for the later privatisations of the gas and electricity industries and on his return to the
Treasury he worked closely with the
1336:) over the closure of deep coal mines whose uneconomic operation accounted for the coal industry's business losses and consequent requirement for
6604:
1625:
The March 1988 budget was remembered for taking almost two hours to deliver due to continuous interruptions and protest from opposition members.
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4118:
6854:
5461:
4569:
4538:
2847:
2625:
1654:
6145:
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2048:
economic policy, describing spending cuts consultation plans as a "PR ploy". In
November 2011, he called for the "orderly" dismantling of the
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5906:
5083:
1811:
1214:
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5441:
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in June 1983 and served until his resignation in
October 1989. In both Cabinet posts, Lawson was a key proponent of Thatcher's policies of
4677:
3270:
1493:
similarly rose from below 1 per cent of GDP in 1986 to almost 5 per cent in 1989, with Lawson asserting that an external deficit based on
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6553:
5615:
5126:
5016:
689:
210:
1398:
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6904:
6258:
5986:
5826:
5630:
5214:
6959:
6944:
6894:
6644:
6562:
6372:
6291:
6209:
5620:
2733:
4235:
6909:
6899:
5519:
5491:
5446:
674:
2932:
1300:, though the extent to which the subsequent trajectory of policy and outcome matched that projected is still a matter for debate.
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6684:
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6337:
6304:
6106:
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5841:
5153:
5136:
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2230:
1914:, published 1 November 2006, opposed the Stern Review and advocated adaptation to changes in global climate rather than reducing
158:
146:
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6754:
1489:
of £3.9 billion in 1988 and £4.1 billion in 1989, the year of his resignation. During these years, however, the UK's
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2453:
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5604:
5593:
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5143:
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3444:
3246:
3005:
2398:
2375:
2356:
2333:
2310:
2283:
2262:
1345:
1206:
960:
933:
248:
4175:
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6435:
6225:
5951:
5931:
5921:
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5766:
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5436:
5087:
4756:
3695:
3202:
3176:
1950:
1618:
1481:
began to fall from the middle of 1986 (employment growth having resumed over three years earlier). Lawson also changed the
1419:
1265:
1218:
1202:
1181:
1011:
816:
4353:
4202:
1968:" Lawson "repeats are demonstrably inaccurate". Ward also criticised Lawson for repeating in a 2010 BBC radio debate that
6974:
6634:
6192:
5728:
5476:
5451:
5116:
3555:
1273:
1003:
972:
165:
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3331:
6714:
6276:
6240:
5776:
5676:
5466:
5456:
5078:
2873:
1957:
1778:
1637:, and several MPs voted against the amendment of the law bill (which is typically agreed by all members of the House).
1478:
1210:
1104:
1092:
964:
805:
253:
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1672:
After a further year in office in these circumstances, Lawson felt that public criticism from
Walters (who favoured a
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6299:
5549:
5391:
4998:
3050:
2675:
1860:
1719:
34 to 24) in a matter of a few months, dramatically changing his appearance, and went on to publish the best-selling
1634:
1530:
1317:
1288:
in October 1979 and the publication of the Medium Term financial Strategy. This document set the course for both the
780:
487:
3585:
3460:
1863:, with Lawson as a member, undertook an inquiry into climate change. In their report, the committee recommended the
1316:. In this role his most significant action was to prepare for what he saw as an inevitable full-scale strike in the
6689:
6589:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5431:
5064:
2416:
1591:
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6546:
6385:
6367:
6248:
5750:
5571:
5514:
5496:
5421:
5366:
3719:
2151:
Lawson's second marriage was dissolved in 2012. In later life, he was in a relationship with Dr Tina Jennings, a
1474:
3872:
7004:
6999:
6253:
5941:
5744:
4913:
4856:
2536:
2156:
1498:
951:
34:
4007:
3956:
Kazmi, Azhar (19 November 2015). "Climate Denial Movement". In Wherry, Frederick F.; Schor, Juliet B. (eds.).
3409:
1683:
Lawson's six-year tenure as Chancellor of the Exchequer was longer than that of any of his predecessors since
7029:
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7019:
7014:
6954:
6914:
5861:
5846:
5406:
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2591:
2302:
1313:
976:
770:
113:
3482:
3365:
6659:
4400:
1514:
217:
4528:, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd., 2003.
4095:
3297:
1753:, in which he secured his team a last-minute victory. He occasionally appeared as a guest on his daughter
6849:
6639:
5640:
5582:
5376:
5230:
5189:
5170:
4864:
3529:
2079:
programme to discuss banking reform. Lawson said that an unintended consequence of the 1986 Big Bang saw
2045:
1961:
1423:
1280:, Lawson's energy in office was reflected in such measures as the ending of unofficial state controls on
1165:
980:
59:
6949:
6539:
4296:"Dominic Lawson: Fight climate change? Or stay competitive? I'm afraid these two aims are incompatible"
2075:
1973:
1868:
1737:
1576:
1466:
1443:
1435:
1088:
4994:
5356:
2222:
1932:
1907:
1733:
999:
926:
750:
625:
532:
4989:
3089:
2635:
5670:
5660:
5650:
5416:
5056:
3609:
2760:
2706:
1915:
1898:
At about the same time as the release of the House of Lords report, the UK Government launched the
1594:
in November 1985 it might have been possible to adjust to these beneficial changes in the arena of
755:
44:
2965:
2167:
In retirement, Lawson divided his time between his flat in London and a neoclassical farmhouse in
5851:
5831:
5821:
5801:
5786:
3840:"Nigel Lawson on Brexit: 'I love Europe! That's why I live in France. But the EU has no purpose'"
3700:
1903:
1835:
1749:
1676:) was making his job impossible and he resigned. He was succeeded in the office of chancellor by
1626:
1490:
1194:
1149:
956:
765:
760:
735:
348:
4040:
3777:
2207:
called Lawson an "inspiration to me" and to other Conservative politicians. Labour Party leader
1880:
emission reduction targets set in the Kyoto Protocol. In response to the report, Michael Grubb,
998:
from 1992 to his further retirement in 2022. He remained active in politics as the president of
6789:
6268:
5791:
5401:
3988:
3084:
1673:
1587:
1518:
590:
3957:
6809:
5426:
5246:
3675:
2009:
2004:
1831:
1770:
1611:
1177:
1112:
1084:
907:
883:
615:
497:
446:
2570:
1251:
being increased by inflation (typically in excess of 10% per annum during that parliament).
7009:
6889:
6884:
5734:
5306:
5291:
2226:
2203:
on 3 April 2023, at the age of 91. Following the announcement of his death, Prime Minister
1144:
1057:, London. His father, Ralph Lawson (1904–1982), was the owner of a tea-trading firm in the
919:
810:
775:
25:
4327:
3502:
2737:
1065:(now Jelgava in Latvia), changed his name from Leibson to Lawson in 1925, having become a
8:
6167:
5936:
5916:
5655:
5645:
5326:
3898:
2654:
2522:
2180:
2123:
1969:
1890:
1814:, it was reported that Lawson claimed £16,000 in overnight allowances by registering his
1586:
In his defence, Lawson attributed the boom largely to the effects of various measures of
1580:
1548:" which describes an earlier period of rapid expansion under the tenure as chancellor of
1379:
871:
5002:
1687:, who served from 1908 to 1915. Both men's records were subsequently beaten by Labour's
955:(11 March 1932 – 3 April 2023) was a British politician and journalist. A member of the
6804:
5981:
5901:
5886:
5876:
5610:
5598:
5588:
5560:
5316:
4952:
4907:
4850:
4570:"Lord Lawson of Blaby, brilliant tax-cutting Chancellor of the Thatcher era – obituary"
3680:
3366:"20 years ago the dole queue hit 3 million – today it is the workforce that's a record"
2575:
2517:
2387:
2345:
2322:
2251:
2246:
2235:
2141:
2106:
1991:
1972:
volumes were unchanged even after his error was highlighted by his opponent, Professor
1942:
published a transcript of a double interview with Lawson and Conservative Policy Chief
1782:
1684:
1455:
1383:
1080:
1038:
434:
1083:
in London (following in his father's footsteps), and won a mathematics scholarship to
6669:
6572:
6380:
6182:
5996:
5926:
5806:
5796:
5781:
5635:
5311:
4956:
4944:
4923:"Mrs Thatcher's Macroeconomic Adventurism, 1979–1981, and its Political Consequences"
4361:
4263:"The debate on climate change is far too important to be shut down by the scientists"
3963:
3847:
3813:
3581:
3440:
3373:
3339:
3305:
3252:
3242:
3210:
3001:
2940:
2904:
2822:
2599:
2461:
2394:
2371:
2352:
2329:
2306:
2279:
2258:
2105:
In 1955 Lawson married Vanessa Mary Addison Salmon (1936−1985), granddaughter of the
2066:
1996:
1953:(GWPF), a registered education charity, involved in promoting climate change denial.
1603:
1329:
1309:
1285:
1269:
968:
859:
646:
516:
82:
4005:
3623:
1614:
which saw unemployment rise nearly as high as the level seen before the boom began.
6819:
6415:
6390:
6056:
5976:
5891:
5811:
5687:
5625:
5336:
5321:
5296:
5020:
4934:
3992:
3132:
3094:
2991:
2273:
2208:
2200:
1641:
1522:
1506:
1391:
1281:
1173:
1007:
709:
580:
4807:
4649:
3749:
1781:. He argued that "economic gains would substantially outweigh the costs". In the
1610:
doubling to 15 per cent in the space of 18 months, and remaining high despite the
1521:
of the Big Bang and the associated end of the separation that had existed between
6799:
6769:
6704:
6579:
6510:
6405:
6395:
6352:
6001:
5961:
5911:
5665:
5481:
5396:
5381:
5276:
5094:
4868:
2221:
2152:
2080:
2021:
1881:
1716:
1602:
turbulence. Lawson also ascribed the difficulty of conducting monetary policy to
1459:
1357:
1353:
1325:
1297:
1289:
1225:
1198:
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1066:
1050:
895:
659:
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288:
4939:
4922:
3705:
3024:
6699:
6674:
6624:
6505:
6495:
6177:
6172:
6148:
6086:
6066:
6061:
6046:
6016:
5966:
5771:
5739:
5722:
5566:
5544:
5411:
5271:
5199:
5109:
4092:"Lecture on the Economics and Politics of Climate Change – An Appeal to Reason"
3649:
2129:
Thomasina Posy Lawson (1961–1993), who died from breast cancer at the age of 32
2117:
2025:
2000:
1984:
1977:
1877:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1819:
1765:
1754:
1712:
1599:
1595:
1572:
1556:(1970–1974). Critics of Lawson assert that a combination of the abandonment of
1549:
1526:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1333:
1169:
1122:
1058:
1034:
1030:
1022:
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740:
585:
565:
424:
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198:
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and claiming that there were substantial scientific uncertainties surrounding
971:'s Cabinet from 1981 to 1989. Prior to entering the Cabinet, he served as the
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6814:
6719:
6679:
6609:
6520:
6400:
6081:
6041:
6026:
5946:
5881:
5836:
5554:
5386:
5371:
5361:
5351:
5281:
5266:
5251:
5163:
5045:
4948:
4427:
4365:
3851:
3817:
3377:
3343:
3309:
3214:
3154:
2944:
2908:
2826:
2603:
2465:
2110:
2041:
1943:
1568:
1564:
1465:
During these two years, Lawson's public image remained low-key, but from the
1439:
1427:
1395:
1341:
1337:
1293:
1244:
1189:
984:
785:
714:
694:
684:
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620:
600:
595:
557:
226:
94:
4475:
4119:"Lord Lawson claims climate change hysteria heralds a 'new age of unreason'"
2024:
events. In a follow-up programme on the BBC's presentation of these claims,
6824:
6774:
6729:
6709:
6694:
6619:
6599:
6515:
6410:
6357:
6230:
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5576:
5301:
5036:
4874:
The Changing Fortunes of Economic Liberalism: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
4432:
4386:
3236:
2184:
2168:
1921:
In 2008, Lawson published a book expanding on his 2006 lecture to the CPS,
1899:
1885:
1758:
1688:
1661:
1630:
1553:
1451:
704:
679:
669:
550:
4624:
3727:
1999:, while the charitable section retained the original title. Lawson's son,
6784:
6749:
6654:
6649:
6594:
6500:
6460:
6455:
6327:
6091:
6076:
6071:
6006:
5956:
5816:
5756:
5346:
4838:
2204:
2084:
1864:
1708:
1649:
1545:
1541:
1510:
1411:
1375:
1361:
1321:
1277:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1139:
1026:
991:
838:
832:
605:
570:
524:
4783:"Rishi Sunak says Nigel Lawson was an 'inspiration' to Tory politicians"
4757:"Nigel Lawson, who shook up British economy in Thatcher era, dies at 91"
4497:
3203:"Nigel Lawson, who shook up British economy in Thatcher era, dies at 91"
3098:
890:
6744:
6490:
6470:
6036:
5971:
5471:
5180:
4843:
The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945–90
4395:
2196:
2029:
1911:
1786:
1677:
1557:
1537:
1470:
1447:
1431:
1248:
1240:
1132:
1108:
1015:
610:
575:
469:
441:
337:
106:
6779:
6764:
6332:
6281:
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3876:
3604:
3404:
2630:
2294:
2017:
1843:
1815:
1729:
1073:
1054:
826:
821:
745:
320:
237:
4863:
4236:"Lord Lawson's Global Warming Policy Foundation is spreading errors"
3075:
Obstfeld, Maurice (2012). "Does the Current Account Still Matter?".
1699:
1469:(in which he resumed the reduction of the standard rate of personal
6531:
6465:
4203:"The educational charities that do PR for the rightwing ultra-rich"
3782:
3754:
2049:
1928:
1645:
1497:
behaviour is no reason for concern. During his tenure, the rate of
1402:
2060:
Lawson was interviewed about the rise of Thatcherism for the 2006
1430:. The early years of Lawson's chancellorship were associated with
1201:
constituency in 1968. He contested the seat unsuccessfully at the
4984:
4845:. HarperCollins. pp. 490–540, covers his term as Chancellor.
3487:
3117:
2007:, taking a similar viewpoint as his father in his columns in the
1949:
On 23 November 2009, Lawson became chairman of a new think tank,
1473:
from the 30 per cent rate to which it had been lowered in Howe's
1387:
854:
5008:
4476:"BBC Two – Thatcher: A Very British Revolution, Series 1, Power"
3155:"BBC – Radio 4 Analysis – Glass-Steagall: A Price Worth Paying?"
2897:"How Nigel Lawson turned postwar economic consensus on its head"
1276:. Although this is the fourth-ranking political position in the
4972:
3985:"Distinguished signatories take on British political consensus"
2650:"Nigel Lawson: Thatcher's Chancellor takes on the planet alone"
2253:
The Power Game: An Examination of Decision-making in Government
2176:
2061:
4566:
2175:
department of France. In 2018 it was reported that, following
1442:
by a combination of reduced rates and reduced allowances. The
4678:"Nigel Lawson sells la maison but he's staying put in France"
4006:
House of Lords, Select Committee on Economic Affairs (2005).
3177:"Nigel Lawson's 'success' was merely an oil-fuelled illusion"
1458:
contributions for the lower-paid while extending the base of
1111:
officer, during which time he commanded the fast-patrol boat
1062:
4650:"Leading Brexiteer Lord Lawson applies for French residency"
4354:"Spending cuts consultation is a PR ploy, says Nigel Lawson"
4094:. Centre for Policy Studies. 1 November 2006. Archived from
1931:" politicians and scientists who predict catastrophe unless
4731:"Nigel Lawson: former Conservative chancellor dies aged 91"
2172:
1872:
1485:
from £10.5 billion (3.7 per cent of GDP) in 1983 to a
4391:"Europe 'must dismantle euro in orderly way,' says Lawson"
1312:
of September 1981, Lawson was promoted to the position of
4599:"Happy ever after ... Nigel Lawson on finding love at 80"
4058:
3778:"EU referendum: Lord Lawson to chair Vote Leave campaign"
2245:
1964:
said that the GWPF was "spreading errors" and "the 'facts
1902:, an inquiry undertaken by the HM Treasury and headed by
1895:"wrong-headed" and called on the IPCC to be "shut down".
1841:
In 2004, along with six others, Lawson wrote a letter to
1744:
1228:, Lawson co-ordinated tactics with rebellious government
4498:"The End of Ideals? Do We Need Grand Political Visions?"
3271:"Thatcher-era chancellor Nigel Lawson dies at age of 91"
2183:
in France. However, in 2019, he said that he remained a
1798:
2007: Chairman of Central Europe Trust Company Ltd (CET)
4704:"The Londoner: Brexiteer Nigel Lawson heads back to UK"
2140:
Thomas Nigel Maclear Lawson (born 1976), headmaster of
1785:, he supported Leave and was appointed chairman of the
6990:
Peers retired under the House of Lords Reform Act 2014
6930:
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
3920:
MacGregor, Katriona; Prince, Rosa (17 December 2008).
2997:
There Is No Alternative: Why Margaret Thatcher Matters
1340:. He was a key proponent of the Thatcher government's
1259:
4137:
3976:
3416:
4415:
3806:"Nigel Lawson named chairman of Vote Leave campaign"
2966:"Nigel Lawson, chancellor and journalist, 1932–2023"
2933:"Nigel Lawson was the economic brain of Thatcherism"
2786:"Free-market ex-UK Treasury chief Nigel Lawson dies"
4562:
4560:
3750:"Ex-chancellor Lord Lawson calls for UK to exit EU"
3400:"Lawson boom, Brown boom, they all bust in the end"
2090:In 2019, he appeared on the BBC documentary series
1272:'s government, Lawson was appointed to the post of
1010:. He also served as the chairman of the think tank
6925:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom
4676:
4568:
4294:
4261:
3921:
2674:
2624:Oliver, Jonathan; Woods, Richard (18 April 2010).
2551:
2389:An Appeal to Reason: A Cool Look at Global Warming
2386:
2344:
2321:
2250:
2234:
2147:Emily Hero Lawson (born 1981), television producer
1924:An Appeal to Reason: A Cool Look at Global Warming
1540:from this point on is typically described as "The
1239:to secure legislation providing for the automatic
1131:as a journalist in 1956, subsequently writing the
994:from 1989 until he retired in 1992 and sat in the
4808:"Nigel Lawson: Reforming chancellor dies aged 91"
3121:. Vol. 129. House of Commons. 15 March 1988.
2848:"Rishi Sunak's Cabinet reshuffle: Key statistics"
2815:"The Architect of Margaret Thatcher's Revolution"
2087:banks and put their depositors' savings at risk.
1575:, and excessive fiscal laxity (in particular the
1021:Lawson was the father of six children, including
6876:
5229:
4557:
4456:. 1 February 2010. 0–13 minutes in. BBC Radio 4
4194:
3521:
2237:Conservatism Today: Four Personal Points of View
1517:". In an interview in 2010, Lawson said that an
1303:
1103:For two years from 1954, Lawson carried out his
1049:Nigel Lawson was born on 11 March 1932 to a non-
4896:The View from No. 11: Memoirs of a Tory Radical
4642:
4352:Curtis, Polly; Wintour, Patrick (8 June 2010).
3919:
3600:"The long and the short of stewardship at No11"
3051:"Budgets 1979–1992: 1985 Budget (Nigel Lawson)"
2324:The View from No. 11: Memoirs of a Tory Radical
2292:
2187:of the UK and was selling his house in France.
3959:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Economics and Society
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
1367:
1193:from 1966 to 1970, Lawson was selected as the
1037:, a journalist, and Tom Lawson, headmaster of
6995:People educated at Westminster School, London
6547:
6131:
5215:
4351:
3951:
3949:
3135:. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 15 March 1988
1983:and sea levels was uncertain as well as that
1825:
1812:United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal
927:
4319:
4176:"Copenhagen will fail – and quite right too"
2487:"Retirement of One Member (Retirement List)"
1801:2007: Chairman of Oxford Investment Partners
1121:Having been turned down for a career at the
6373:Secretaries of State for Trade and Industry
6292:Secretaries of State for Trade and Industry
4990:contributions in Parliament by Nigel Lawson
4593:
4591:
4539:"Therese Mary LAWSON personal appointments"
4526:Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage
4444:
4442:
4423:"Tory, Tory, Tory and the television truth"
3556:"1989: Thatcher beats off leadership rival"
3437:Margaret Thatcher Volume Two: The Iron Lady
3019:
3017:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2623:
2521:. 15 September 1981. p. 8 – via
2430:
2211:commented that he was a "real powerhouse".
1217:, holding the seat until he retired at the
1187:After returning to journalism as editor of
1044:
6554:
6540:
6138:
6124:
5222:
5208:
5001:
4167:
3946:
3837:
3241:. Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle. p. 111.
2275:Thatcherism in Practice: A Progress Report
2094:, and discussed Thatcher's rise and fall.
934:
920:
43:
4938:
4920:
4898:. 1152 pp.; abridged edition titled
4780:
4674:
3234:
3088:
2990:
2288:– via Margaret Thatcher Foundation.
2278:. London: Conservative Political Centre.
1834:movement and believed that the impact of
1159:
1072:Lawson was a great-nephew of the pianist
266:28 February 1974 – 16 March 1992
126:14 September 1981 – 11 June 1983
6965:English people of Latvian-Jewish descent
6154:Energy Secretaries of the United Kingdom
6105:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as
4588:
4520:
4518:
4439:
3923:"Lords' expenses claims top £18 million"
3674:
3434:
3074:
3014:
2721:
2569:
2241:. London: Conservative Political Centre.
1938:In July 2008, the Conservative magazine
1698:
1691:, who was chancellor from 1997 to 2007.
4325:
4200:
2894:
2758:
2589:
2451:
1987:more slowly since 1950 than before it.
1711:politics, Lawson decided to tackle his
1640:Lawson opposed the introduction of the
243:6 July 1992 – 31 December 2022
178:4 May 1979 – 14 September 1981
72:11 June 1983 – 26 October 1989
16:British peer and politician (1932–2023)
6877:
4884:
4754:
4728:
4675:Gillespie, James (23 September 2018).
4385:
4292:
4259:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4173:
4116:
4064:
3982:
3812:. Press Association. 3 February 2016.
3527:
3422:
3397:
3363:
3329:
3295:
3200:
3000:. New York: Basic Books. p. 115.
2672:
2642:
2557:
2384:
2365:
2342:
2319:
2271:
2162:
2032:said Lawson was wrong on both points.
1720:
6535:
6119:
5203:
4515:
4260:Lawson, Dominic (22 September 2006).
4031:
3955:
3298:"Bust will follow boom, it's the law"
2927:
2925:
2809:
2807:
2190:
1648:") as a replacement for the previous
1446:continued the trend of shifting from
975:from May 1979 until his promotion to
6561:
4837:
4328:"Anger over 'untrue' climate claims"
4293:Lawson, Dominic (23 November 2007).
4233:
4201:Monbiot, George (18 February 2013).
3934:from the original on 12 January 2022
3296:Keegan, William (17 November 2002).
2874:"1983: Macgregor named as coal boss"
2590:Barkham, Patrick (9 December 2010).
1951:The Global Warming Policy Foundation
1871:, questioned the objectivity of the
1418:Following the Thatcher government's
1012:The Global Warming Policy Foundation
5117:Financial Secretary to the Treasury
4543:Find and update company information
4220:
4032:Grubb, Michael (1 September 2005).
2092:Thatcher: A Very British Revolution
1805:
1728:On 1 July 1992, Lawson was given a
1274:Financial Secretary to the Treasury
1260:Financial Secretary to the Treasury
1004:Britain to leave the European Union
973:Financial Secretary to the Treasury
947:Nigel Lawson, Baron Lawson of Blaby
166:Financial Secretary to the Treasury
13:
6980:Life peers created by Elizabeth II
6935:Conservative Party (UK) life peers
6481:Secretaries of State for Business,
6161:Ministers of Fuel, Light and Power
4830:
4431:. 13 November 2006. Archived from
4174:Lawson, Nigel (23 November 2009).
3962:. SAGE Publications. p. 393.
3838:Aitkenhead, Decca (2 April 2016).
3503:"Thatcher pays tribute to Walters"
3491:. House of Commons. 15 March 1988.
3332:"The Rise and Fall of Thatcherism"
3330:Clarke, Peter (10 December 1998).
2922:
2804:
2673:Popham, Peter (17 February 1997).
2658:. 21 November 2009. Archived from
2539:. Parliament of the United Kingdom
2214:
1792:
1779:Britain leaving the European Union
1552:in the Conservative government of
1544:" by analogy with the phrase "The
1098:
1093:philosophy, politics and economics
14:
7041:
6985:Non-fiction environmental writers
6905:21st-century English male writers
4999:National Portrait Gallery, London
4965:
4307:from the original on 20 June 2022
4274:from the original on 20 June 2022
4065:Lawson, Nigel (1 November 2005).
4008:"The Economics of Climate Change"
3650:"Fighting inflation with the BBC"
3364:Seager, Ashley (16 August 2006).
3133:"Economy: 1988 Budget (Lawson 5)"
2761:"Budget rebellions remain scarce"
2709:. British Military Powerboat Team
2687:from the original on 20 June 2022
1344:policy. During his tenure at the
1164:In 1963, Lawson was recruited by
967:from 1974 to 1992, and served in
6960:English male non-fiction writers
6945:Deaths from pneumonia in England
6895:20th-century British journalists
6863:
6428:Enterprise and Regulatory Reform
6426:Secretary of State for Business,
6368:Presidents of the Board of Trade
6191:
6147:
5065:Parliament of the United Kingdom
4971:
4880:. Institute of Economic Affairs.
4729:Cooney, Christy (3 April 2023).
4326:McGrath, Matt (11 August 2017).
4145:"The Politics of Climate Change"
3528:Travis, Alan (27 October 1989).
3435:Campbell, John (30 April 2011).
3398:Duncan, Gary (27 October 2008).
3238:Entre convictions et obligations
2676:"Media families; 1. The Lawsons"
2417:The Great Global Warming Swindle
2393:. New York: Overlook Duckworth.
2132:Horatia Holly Lawson (born 1966)
2100:
1747:satirical and topical quiz show
1743:In 1996, Lawson appeared on the
1664:as a personal economic adviser.
1592:European Exchange Rate Mechanism
1350:Department of Trade and Industry
1254:
901:
889:
877:
865:
853:
531:
402:
377:
6910:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
6900:20th-century English memoirists
6446:Secretaries of State for Energy
6315:Secretaries of State for Energy
4921:Tomlinson, Jim (1 April 2007).
4800:
4781:Hennessey, Ted (3 April 2023).
4774:
4748:
4722:
4696:
4668:
4617:
4531:
4490:
4468:
4411:– via Exaro News Archive.
4379:
4345:
4286:
4253:
4110:
4084:
4025:
3999:
3983:Murray, Iain (8 October 2004).
3913:
3891:
3865:
3831:
3798:
3770:
3742:
3712:
3688:
3668:
3642:
3616:
3592:
3570:
3548:
3495:
3488:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3475:
3453:
3428:
3391:
3357:
3323:
3289:
3263:
3228:
3201:Murphy, Brian (10 April 2023).
3194:
3169:
3147:
3125:
3118:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3105:
3068:
3043:
2984:
2958:
2895:Elliott, Larry (4 April 2023).
2888:
2866:
2840:
2778:
2752:
2699:
2666:
2452:Langdon, Julia (4 April 2023).
2257:. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books.
2055:
1401:), privatisation and a dash of
1014:and was an active supporter of
817:Libertarianism (United Kingdom)
398:
373:
6483:Energy and Industrial Strategy
5017:Works by or about Nigel Lawson
4755:Murphy, Brian (4 April 2023).
4151:. 20 July 2008. Archived from
4117:Lawson, Nigel (6 April 2008).
2617:
2583:
2563:
2529:
2505:
2479:
1667:
1505:In 1986, the City of London's
1296:sides of the new government's
1:
5144:Secretary of State for Energy
4234:Ward, Bob (21 October 2011).
3684:. 6 July 1992. p. 11339.
3608:. 6 June 2004. Archived from
3439:. Random House. p. 515.
3338:. Vol. 20, no. 24.
2759:Lowther, Ed (24 April 2008).
2423:
2370:. Norwich: Canterbury Press.
2303:Institute of Economic Affairs
1830:Lawson was involved with the
1768:of the Conservative magazine
1732:as Baron Lawson of Blaby, of
1694:
1655:Department of the Environment
1531:financial crisis of 2007–2008
1314:Secretary of State for Energy
1304:Secretary of State for Energy
1148:in 1961, where he introduced
977:Secretary of State for Energy
806:Conservatism (United Kingdom)
771:Institute of Economic Affairs
114:Secretary of State for Energy
6940:Deaths from bronchopneumonia
6920:British Secretaries of State
6201:Minister of Co-ordination of
5231:Chancellors of the Exchequer
4889:. Centre for Policy Studies.
3901:. Oxford Investment Partners
3235:Champroux, Nathalie (2009).
2579:. 3 July 1925. p. 4501.
2126:(born 1960), cook and author
2118:Dominic Ralph Campden Lawson
2073:In 2010, he appeared on the
1536:The trajectory taken by the
218:Member of the House of Lords
7:
6219:Ministers of Fuel and Power
5190:Second Lord of the Treasury
5171:Chancellor of the Exchequer
4940:10.1057/palgrave.bp.4200038
2626:"Nick Clegg: the third man"
2537:"Mr Nigel Lawson (Hansard)"
2409:
2195:Lawson died at his home in
2157:St Antony's College, Oxford
1962:Grantham Research Institute
1867:take a more active role in
1424:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1368:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1166:Conservative Central Office
987:of several key industries.
981:Chancellor of the Exchequer
60:Chancellor of the Exchequer
10:
7046:
6975:Jewish British politicians
6189:
4912:: CS1 maint: postscript (
4855:: CS1 maint: postscript (
2351:. London: Michael Joseph.
2347:The Nigel Lawson Diet Book
2035:
1826:Position on global warming
1777:In 2013, Lawson advocated
1738:County of Northamptonshire
1722:The Nigel Lawson Diet Book
1138:. He progressed to become
1089:first-class honours degree
6861:
6569:
6479:
6444:
6424:
6366:
6313:
6290:
6267:
6239:
6218:
6203:Transport, Fuel and Power
6200:
6160:
6100:
5701:
5505:
5237:
5187:
5177:
5168:
5160:
5150:
5141:
5133:
5123:
5114:
5106:
5101:
5091:
5077:Member of Parliament for
5075:
5070:
5063:
5053:
5041:
5033:
5028:
4995:Portraits of Nigel Lawson
4900:Memoirs of a Tory Radical
4301:The Independent on Sunday
4268:The Independent on Sunday
3530:"Lawson sparks reshuffle"
2113:, and had four children:
1908:Centre for Policy Studies
1000:Conservatives for Britain
908:United Kingdom portal
884:Libertarianism portal
751:Centre for Policy Studies
626:Property-owning democracy
506:
493:
483:
475:
465:
457:
452:
440:
430:
415:
354:
344:
327:
303:
298:
294:
282:
270:
259:
247:
234:
223:
216:
204:
192:
182:
171:
164:
152:
140:
130:
119:
112:
100:
88:
76:
65:
58:
54:
42:
23:
3873:"CET's Practice Leaders"
3077:American Economic Review
3025:"Obituary: Nigel Lawson"
2368:The Retreat of the State
1916:greenhouse gas emissions
1635:suspended from the House
1617:Lawson reflected on the
1045:Early life and education
756:Conservative Way Forward
30:The Lord Lawson of Blaby
6269:Ministers of Technology
5012:(subscription required)
4450:"A price worth paying?"
3701:Have I Got News for You
3628:Encyclopædia Britannica
2491:House of Lords Business
2454:"Nigel Lawson obituary"
2299:The State of the Market
2249:; Nigel Lawson (1976).
2233:; Nigel Lawson (1966).
2120:(born 1956), journalist
2040:Lawson was a critic of
1904:Lord Stern of Brentford
1836:man-made global warming
1750:Have I Got News for You
1627:Scottish National Party
1491:current account deficit
1422:, Lawson was appointed
1410:Lawson's definition of
1079:Lawson was educated at
872:Conservatism portal
766:The Heritage Foundation
761:The Freedom Association
49:Official portrait, 2018
6970:Financial Times people
6845:Lord Young of Graffham
4885:Lawson, Nigel (1980).
3989:Cooler Heads Coalition
3336:London Review of Books
2734:"Lord Lawson of Blaby"
2592:"The name-change game"
2513:"NIGEL LAWSON: Energy"
2320:Lawson, Nigel (1992).
2272:Lawson, Nigel (1981).
1985:sea levels were rising
1888:, wrote an article in
1838:had been exaggerated.
1704:
1674:floating exchange rate
1588:financial deregulation
1519:unintended consequence
1407:
1180:in the lead-up to the
1160:Early political career
1006:, and was a prominent
591:Gladstonian liberalism
7005:The Spectator editors
7000:People from Hampstead
6810:Norman St John-Stevas
6323:Peter Lord Carrington
5247:Eustace of Fauconberg
4034:"Stick to the Target"
3995:on 11 September 2007.
3875:. CET. Archived from
3708:on 27 September 2011.
2179:, he had applied for
2010:Independent on Sunday
2005:climate change denier
1832:climate change denial
1764:Lawson served on the
1702:
1619:1987 general election
1477:), his stock rose as
1372:
1219:1992 general election
1213:in Leicestershire in
1203:1970 general election
1182:1964 general election
1178:Sir Alec Douglas-Home
1085:Christ Church, Oxford
860:Capitalism portal
616:Supply-side economics
476:Years of service
447:Christ Church, Oxford
6955:English food writers
6915:British Eurosceptics
4980:at Wikimedia Commons
4902:(2011), 450 pp.
4887:The New Conservatism
4867:; Nigel Lawson; and
4629:gascony-chateaux.com
4524:Charles Mosley, ed.
4389:(24 November 2011).
4123:The Sunday Telegraph
4046:on 10 September 2008
2662:on 24 November 2009.
2227:Peregrine Worsthorne
2046:coalition government
1707:After retiring from
1560:, the adoption of a
1382:, firm control over
1380:financial discipline
1346:Department of Energy
1207:Member of Parliament
1172:for prime ministers
1145:The Sunday Telegraph
1125:, Lawson joined the
1087:, where he gained a
961:Member of Parliament
811:Economic rationalism
776:Mont Pelerin Society
488:Lieutenant commander
401: 1980;
376: 1955;
277:Constituency created
249:Member of Parliament
26:The Right Honourable
6168:Gwilym Lloyd George
4761:The Washington Post
4098:on 14 December 2006
3928:The Daily Telegraph
3879:on 24 December 2008
3588:on 11 October 2008.
3483:"Income Tax (1988)"
3207:The Washington Post
3099:10.1257/aer.102.3.1
2819:The Washington Post
2655:The Daily Telegraph
2523:Google News Archive
2247:Bruce-Gardyne, Jock
2181:permanent residency
2163:Residence in France
2124:Nigella Lucy Lawson
2064:documentary series
1612:1990–1992 recession
1581:inflationary spiral
1420:re-election in 1983
1284:, the abolition of
979:. He was appointed
896:Politics portal
517:the politics series
6830:William Waldegrave
6448:and Climate Change
6241:Ministers of Power
6107:Lord Chief Justice
5102:Political offices
3730:on 11 October 2010
3681:The London Gazette
3630:. 16 February 2023
2638:on 7 October 2011.
2576:The London Gazette
2518:The Glasgow Herald
2328:. London: Bantam.
2191:Death and tributes
2142:Eastbourne College
2107:Lyons Corner House
1992:Charity Commission
1859:Economics Affairs
1818:in Gascony as his
1783:2016 EU referendum
1705:
1685:David Lloyd George
1513:in the so-called "
1456:National Insurance
1384:public expenditure
1224:In 1977, while an
1205:, before becoming
1197:candidate for the
1156:investing column.
1081:Westminster School
1039:Eastbourne College
957:Conservative Party
736:Conservative Party
435:Westminster School
6950:Diet food writers
6872:
6871:
6680:Sir Geoffrey Howe
6670:Michael Heseltine
6573:Margaret Thatcher
6529:
6528:
6381:Michael Heseltine
6210:Frederik Leathers
6183:Philip Noel-Baker
6113:
6112:
5198:
5197:
5178:Succeeded by
5151:Succeeded by
5124:Succeeded by
5092:Succeeded by
5054:Succeeded by
4976:Media related to
4435:on 18 March 2007.
4155:on 7 January 2011
3969:978-1-5063-4617-5
3786:. 4 February 2016
3582:10 Downing Street
3558:. 5 December 1989
3446:978-1-4464-2008-9
3248:978-2-87854-465-7
3007:978-0-465-00231-3
2992:Berlinski, Claire
2854:. 7 February 2023
2707:"Gay Class Boats"
2400:978-1-59020-084-1
2377:978-1-85311-316-1
2358:978-0-7181-4175-2
2335:978-0-593-02218-4
2312:978-0-255-36215-3
2285:978-0-85070-662-8
2264:978-0-208-01598-3
2067:Tory! Tory! Tory!
1997:charitable status
1507:financial markets
1399:self-help variety
1310:Cabinet reshuffle
1286:exchange controls
1270:Margaret Thatcher
1053:family living in
1002:, a campaign for
969:Margaret Thatcher
944:
943:
799:Related movements
647:Margaret Thatcher
510:
509:
323:, London, England
188:Margaret Thatcher
136:Margaret Thatcher
83:Margaret Thatcher
7037:
7030:UK MPs 1987–1992
7025:UK MPs 1983–1987
7020:UK MPs 1979–1983
7015:UK MPs 1974–1979
6867:
6840:William Whitelaw
6820:David Waddington
6710:Sir Keith Joseph
6635:Nicholas Edwards
6563:Thatcher Cabinet
6556:
6549:
6542:
6533:
6532:
6416:Alistair Darling
6391:Margaret Beckett
6259:Frederick Erroll
6195:
6152:
6151:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6117:
6116:
5507:of Great Britain
5224:
5217:
5210:
5201:
5200:
5161:Preceded by
5134:Preceded by
5107:Preceded by
5072:New constituency
5034:Preceded by
5026:
5025:
5021:Internet Archive
5013:
5005:
4975:
4960:
4942:
4927:British Politics
4917:
4911:
4903:
4894:— (1992).
4890:
4881:
4879:
4865:Henderson, David
4860:
4854:
4846:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4708:Evening Standard
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4683:The Sunday Times
4680:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4603:Evening Standard
4595:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4572:
4567:(4 April 2023).
4564:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4535:
4529:
4522:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4446:
4437:
4436:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4399:. Archived from
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4298:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4265:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4231:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4045:
4039:. Archived from
4038:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3991:. Archived from
3980:
3974:
3973:
3953:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3925:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3726:. Archived from
3716:
3710:
3709:
3704:. Archived from
3692:
3686:
3685:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3612:on 11 June 2011.
3596:
3590:
3589:
3584:. Archived from
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3509:. 5 January 2009
3499:
3493:
3492:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3412:on 11 June 2011.
3408:. Archived from
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3021:
3012:
3011:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2939:. 4 April 2023.
2929:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2821:. 5 April 2023.
2811:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2740:on 26 March 2012
2736:. Archived from
2730:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2678:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2634:. Archived from
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2449:
2404:
2392:
2385:— (2008).
2381:
2366:— (1999).
2362:
2350:
2343:— (1996).
2339:
2327:
2316:
2289:
2268:
2256:
2242:
2240:
2209:Sir Keir Starmer
2201:bronchopneumonia
2081:investment banks
1967:
1861:Select Committee
1806:Expenses scandal
1644:(nicknamed "the
1642:Community Charge
1414:
1392:Victorian values
1390:, nationalism, "
1328:by the post-war
1282:mortgage lending
1174:Harold Macmillan
1105:National Service
1008:critic of the EU
954:
936:
929:
922:
906:
905:
904:
894:
893:
882:
881:
880:
870:
869:
868:
858:
857:
829:(United Kingdom)
710:Michael Portillo
581:Entrepreneurship
535:
512:
511:
453:Military service
406:
404:
400:
381:
379:
375:
334:
317:
315:
299:Personal details
285:
273:
264:
241:
207:
195:
185:
176:
155:
143:
133:
124:
103:
91:
79:
70:
47:
37:
21:
20:
7045:
7044:
7040:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7034:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6868:
6859:
6800:Malcolm Rifkind
6795:Nicholas Ridley
6770:Cecil Parkinson
6705:Michael Jopling
6645:Sir Ian Gilmour
6615:Lord Carrington
6580:Humphrey Atkins
6576:
6565:
6560:
6530:
6525:
6511:Jacob Rees-Mogg
6482:
6475:
6447:
6440:
6427:
6420:
6406:Patricia Hewitt
6396:Peter Mandelson
6371:
6362:
6353:Cecil Parkinson
6309:
6286:
6263:
6235:
6214:
6202:
6196:
6187:
6156:
6146:
6144:
6114:
6109:
6096:
5987:Heathcoat-Amory
5704:
5697:
5501:
5233:
5228:
5193:
5183:
5174:
5166:
5156:
5147:
5139:
5129:
5127:Nicholas Ridley
5120:
5112:
5097:
5095:Andrew Robathan
5082:
5059:
5050:
5039:
5011:
5009:Burke's Peerage
4968:
4963:
4905:
4904:
4893:
4877:
4869:Milton Friedman
4848:
4847:
4833:
4831:Further reading
4828:
4827:
4817:
4815:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4787:The Independent
4779:
4775:
4765:
4763:
4753:
4749:
4739:
4737:
4727:
4723:
4713:
4711:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4687:
4685:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4657:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4633:
4631:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4605:. 12 March 2012
4597:
4596:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4565:
4558:
4548:
4546:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4523:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4481:
4479:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4459:
4457:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4350:
4346:
4336:
4334:
4324:
4320:
4310:
4308:
4291:
4287:
4277:
4275:
4258:
4254:
4244:
4242:
4232:
4221:
4211:
4209:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4172:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4115:
4111:
4101:
4099:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4067:"Against Kyoto"
4063:
4059:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4036:
4030:
4026:
4016:
4014:
4013:. UK Parliament
4010:
4004:
4000:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3954:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3882:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3673:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3526:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3461:"BBC Budget 97"
3459:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3433:
3429:
3421:
3417:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3362:
3358:
3348:
3346:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3275:The Independent
3269:
3268:
3264:
3249:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3090:10.1.1.297.5348
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3034:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3008:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2970:Financial Times
2964:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2876:. 28 March 1983
2872:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2852:The Independent
2846:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2732:
2731:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2681:The Independent
2671:
2667:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2588:
2584:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2493:. UK Parliament
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2450:
2431:
2426:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2378:
2359:
2336:
2313:
2293:Lawson, Nigel;
2286:
2265:
2217:
2215:Published works
2193:
2165:
2153:visiting fellow
2103:
2058:
2038:
2022:extreme weather
1981:
1965:
1882:chief economist
1855:. In 2005, the
1828:
1808:
1795:
1793:Corporate roles
1697:
1670:
1579:) unleashed an
1460:value-added tax
1440:corporate taxes
1416:
1409:
1370:
1358:British Telecom
1354:British Airways
1352:in privatising
1326:nationalisation
1306:
1298:economic policy
1262:
1257:
1247:to prevent the
1226:opposition whip
1199:Eton and Slough
1168:to assist with
1162:
1128:Financial Times
1101:
1099:Life and career
1067:British citizen
1051:Orthodox Jewish
1047:
959:, he served as
950:
940:
902:
900:
888:
878:
876:
866:
864:
852:
845:
844:
835:(United States)
801:
800:
791:
790:
781:No Turning Back
730:
729:
720:
719:
690:Nicholas Ridley
660:Milton Friedman
655:Friedrich Hayek
641:
640:
631:
630:
545:
544:
411:
408:
405: 2012)
396:
392:
389:
388:Thérèse Maclear
383:
380: 1980)
371:
367:
364:
345:Political party
336:
332:
319:
313:
311:
310:
309:
289:Andrew Robathan
283:
271:
265:
260:
251:
242:
235:
230:
211:Nicholas Ridley
205:
193:
183:
177:
172:
153:
141:
131:
125:
120:
101:
89:
77:
71:
66:
50:
38:
33:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7043:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6870:
6869:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6855:George Younger
6852:
6850:Baroness Young
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6735:John MacGregor
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6700:Patrick Jenkin
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6675:Michael Howard
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6630:Lord Cockfield
6627:
6625:Kenneth Clarke
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6559:
6558:
6551:
6544:
6536:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6506:Kwasi Kwarteng
6503:
6498:
6496:Andrea Leadsom
6493:
6487:
6485:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6452:
6450:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6432:
6430:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6377:
6375:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6319:
6317:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6302:
6296:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6284:
6279:
6273:
6271:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6245:
6243:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6228:
6226:Geoffrey Lloyd
6222:
6220:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6198:
6197:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6178:Hugh Gaitskell
6175:
6173:Manny Shinwell
6170:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6157:
6143:
6142:
6135:
6128:
6120:
6111:
6110:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5937:N. Chamberlain
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5917:N. Chamberlain
5914:
5909:
5904:
5902:A. Chamberlain
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5877:A. Chamberlain
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5709:
5707:
5705:United Kingdom
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5511:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5243:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5227:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5204:
5196:
5195:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5176:
5167:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5149:
5140:
5135:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5122:
5113:
5110:Robert Sheldon
5108:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5090:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5052:
5040:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5029:Media offices
5024:
5023:
5014:
5006:
4992:
4981:
4967:
4966:External links
4964:
4962:
4961:
4918:
4891:
4882:
4861:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4814:. 4 April 2023
4799:
4773:
4747:
4721:
4710:. 5 March 2019
4695:
4667:
4641:
4616:
4587:
4556:
4530:
4514:
4489:
4467:
4438:
4414:
4403:on 16 May 2023
4378:
4344:
4318:
4285:
4252:
4219:
4193:
4166:
4136:
4109:
4083:
4057:
4024:
3998:
3975:
3968:
3945:
3912:
3890:
3864:
3830:
3797:
3769:
3741:
3711:
3687:
3667:
3641:
3624:"Gordon Brown"
3615:
3591:
3569:
3547:
3520:
3494:
3474:
3452:
3445:
3427:
3425:, p. 246.
3415:
3390:
3356:
3322:
3288:
3277:. 4 April 2023
3262:
3247:
3227:
3193:
3168:
3146:
3124:
3104:
3067:
3042:
3031:. 3 April 2023
3013:
3006:
2983:
2972:. 3 April 2023
2957:
2921:
2887:
2865:
2839:
2803:
2792:. 4 April 2023
2777:
2751:
2720:
2698:
2665:
2641:
2616:
2582:
2562:
2550:
2528:
2504:
2478:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2411:
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2399:
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2340:
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2290:
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2269:
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2243:
2218:
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2213:
2192:
2189:
2164:
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2149:
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2145:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2102:
2099:
2057:
2054:
2037:
2034:
2026:Peter A. Stott
2001:Dominic Lawson
1979:
1974:Kevin Anderson
1878:greenhouse gas
1869:climate policy
1857:House of Lords
1853:climate change
1849:Kyoto Protocol
1827:
1824:
1820:main residence
1807:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1766:advisory board
1713:weight problem
1703:Lawson in 2013
1696:
1693:
1669:
1666:
1604:Goodhart's law
1600:macroeconomics
1596:microeconomics
1569:Deutsche Marks
1550:Anthony Barber
1527:retail banking
1495:private-sector
1487:budget surplus
1483:budget deficit
1452:indirect taxes
1371:
1369:
1366:
1334:Clement Attlee
1332:government of
1305:
1302:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1245:tax thresholds
1170:speech-writing
1161:
1158:
1123:Foreign Office
1100:
1097:
1059:City of London
1046:
1043:
1035:Dominic Lawson
1031:celebrity cook
1023:Nigella Lawson
996:House of Lords
942:
941:
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586:Euroscepticism
583:
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568:
566:Anti-communism
562:
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466:Branch/service
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363:Vanessa Salmon
362:
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335:(aged 91)
329:
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196:
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184:Prime Minister
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132:Prime Minister
128:
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74:
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24:
15:
9:
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6665:Lord Hailsham
6663:
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6640:Norman Fowler
6638:
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6610:Mark Carlisle
6608:
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6590:Lord Belstead
6588:
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6585:Kenneth Baker
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6277:Frank Cousins
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5206:
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5192:
5191:
5186:
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5173:
5172:
5165:
5164:Geoffrey Howe
5159:
5155:
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5138:
5132:
5128:
5119:
5118:
5111:
5105:
5100:
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5046:The Spectator
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4762:
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4736:
4732:
4725:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4684:
4679:
4671:
4656:. 31 May 2018
4655:
4651:
4645:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4592:
4576:
4575:The Telegraph
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4428:New Statesman
4424:
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4402:
4398:
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4388:
4387:Hencke, David
4382:
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3697:
3696:"Politicians"
3691:
3683:
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3677:
3671:
3656:. 8 June 1998
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3197:
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3181:openDemocracy
3178:
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2937:The Economist
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2223:Blake, Robert
2220:
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2111:Alfred Salmon
2108:
2101:Personal life
2098:
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2042:David Cameron
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1970:Antarctic ice
1963:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1944:Oliver Letwin
1941:
1936:
1934:
1933:urgent action
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1847:opposing the
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1759:cookery shows
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1718:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1650:rating system
1647:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1565:exchange-rate
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1502:40 per cent.
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:Geoffrey Howe
1426:, succeeding
1425:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1396:Samuel Smiles
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1342:privatisation
1339:
1338:state subsidy
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:coal industry
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1255:In government
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1215:February 1974
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1190:The Spectator
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
990:Lawson was a
988:
986:
985:privatisation
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
948:
937:
932:
930:
925:
923:
918:
917:
915:
914:
909:
899:
897:
892:
887:
885:
875:
873:
863:
861:
856:
851:
850:
849:
848:
841:(New Zealand)
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
795:
794:
787:
786:Selsdon Group
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
738:
737:
733:
732:
728:Organisations
724:
723:
716:
715:Francis Maude
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
695:Norman Tebbit
693:
691:
688:
686:
685:Geoffrey Howe
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
665:Arthur Seldon
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
644:
643:
635:
634:
627:
624:
622:
621:Privatisation
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
601:Individualism
599:
597:
596:Globalisation
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
558:Neoliberalism
555:
553:
552:
548:
547:
539:
538:
534:
530:
529:
526:
523:
522:
518:
514:
513:
505:
502:
501:
496:
492:
489:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
448:
445:
443:
439:
436:
433:
429:
426:
422:
419:6, including
418:
414:
385:
360:
359:
357:
353:
350:
347:
343:
339:
330:
326:
322:
318:11 March 1932
306:
302:
297:
293:
290:
287:
281:
278:
275:
269:
263:
258:
255:
250:
246:
240:
239:
233:
229:
228:
227:Lord Temporal
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
203:
200:
197:
191:
187:
181:
175:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
151:
148:
145:
139:
135:
129:
123:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
99:
96:
95:Geoffrey Howe
93:
87:
84:
81:
75:
69:
64:
61:
57:
53:
46:
41:
36:
27:
22:
19:
6835:Peter Walker
6825:John Wakeham
6775:Chris Patten
6740:James Mackay
6730:Peter Lilley
6725:Nigel Lawson
6724:
6695:Douglas Hurd
6685:David Howell
6620:Paul Channon
6605:Peter Brooke
6600:Leon Brittan
6571:
6516:Grant Shapps
6411:Alan Johnson
6358:John Wakeham
6348:Peter Walker
6343:Nigel Lawson
6342:
6338:David Howell
6305:Peter Walker
6254:Richard Wood
6231:Aubrey Jones
6102:
6031:
5982:Thorneycroft
5927:W. Churchill
5887:Lloyd George
5852:R. Churchill
5749:
5727:
5677:Ellenborough
5675:
5611:Bilson-Legge
5603:
5599:Bilson-Legge
5589:Bilson-Legge
5581:
5559:
5188:
5169:
5154:Peter Walker
5142:
5137:David Howell
5115:
5076:
5071:
5044:
5042:
5037:Iain Macleod
4983:
4978:Nigel Lawson
4930:
4926:
4899:
4895:
4886:
4873:
4842:
4839:Dell, Edmund
4816:. Retrieved
4811:
4802:
4790:. Retrieved
4786:
4776:
4764:. Retrieved
4760:
4750:
4738:. Retrieved
4735:The Guardian
4734:
4724:
4712:. Retrieved
4707:
4698:
4686:. Retrieved
4682:
4670:
4658:. Retrieved
4653:
4644:
4632:. Retrieved
4628:
4619:
4607:. Retrieved
4602:
4578:. Retrieved
4574:
4547:. Retrieved
4542:
4533:
4525:
4505:. Retrieved
4501:
4492:
4480:. Retrieved
4470:
4458:. Retrieved
4453:
4433:the original
4426:
4417:
4405:. Retrieved
4401:the original
4394:
4381:
4369:. Retrieved
4358:The Guardian
4357:
4347:
4335:. Retrieved
4331:
4321:
4309:. Retrieved
4300:
4288:
4276:. Retrieved
4267:
4255:
4243:. Retrieved
4240:The Guardian
4239:
4210:. Retrieved
4207:The Guardian
4206:
4196:
4184:. Retrieved
4179:
4169:
4157:. Retrieved
4153:the original
4148:
4139:
4127:. Retrieved
4122:
4112:
4100:. Retrieved
4096:the original
4086:
4074:. Retrieved
4070:
4060:
4048:. Retrieved
4041:the original
4027:
4015:. Retrieved
4001:
3993:the original
3978:
3958:
3936:. Retrieved
3927:
3915:
3903:. Retrieved
3893:
3881:. Retrieved
3877:the original
3867:
3855:. Retrieved
3844:The Guardian
3843:
3833:
3821:. Retrieved
3810:The Guardian
3809:
3800:
3788:. Retrieved
3781:
3772:
3760:. Retrieved
3758:. 7 May 2013
3753:
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3728:the original
3723:
3714:
3706:the original
3699:
3690:
3679:
3670:
3658:. Retrieved
3653:
3644:
3632:. Retrieved
3627:
3618:
3610:the original
3603:
3594:
3586:the original
3578:"John Major"
3572:
3560:. Retrieved
3550:
3538:. Retrieved
3534:The Guardian
3533:
3523:
3511:. Retrieved
3506:
3497:
3486:
3477:
3465:. Retrieved
3455:
3436:
3430:
3418:
3410:the original
3403:
3393:
3381:. Retrieved
3370:The Guardian
3369:
3359:
3347:. Retrieved
3335:
3325:
3313:. Retrieved
3302:The Guardian
3301:
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3274:
3265:
3237:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3206:
3196:
3184:. Retrieved
3180:
3171:
3159:. Retrieved
3149:
3137:. Retrieved
3127:
3116:
3113:"Income Tax"
3107:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3058:. Retrieved
3054:
3045:
3033:. Retrieved
3028:
2996:
2986:
2974:. Retrieved
2969:
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2936:
2912:. Retrieved
2901:The Guardian
2900:
2890:
2878:. Retrieved
2868:
2856:. Retrieved
2851:
2842:
2830:. Retrieved
2818:
2794:. Retrieved
2789:
2780:
2768:. Retrieved
2764:
2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2738:the original
2711:. Retrieved
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2680:
2668:
2660:the original
2653:
2644:
2636:the original
2629:
2619:
2607:. Retrieved
2596:The Guardian
2595:
2585:
2574:
2565:
2560:, p. 3.
2553:
2541:. Retrieved
2531:
2516:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2490:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2458:The Guardian
2457:
2415:
2388:
2367:
2346:
2323:
2298:
2274:
2252:
2236:
2231:David Howell
2194:
2185:tax resident
2169:Vic-Fezensac
2166:
2150:
2135:
2104:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2074:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2056:In the media
2039:
2015:
2008:
2003:, is also a
1989:
1955:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1922:
1920:
1900:Stern Review
1897:
1889:
1886:Carbon Trust
1842:
1840:
1829:
1809:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1748:
1742:
1730:life peerage
1727:
1721:
1706:
1689:Gordon Brown
1682:
1671:
1662:Alan Walters
1659:
1639:
1631:Alex Salmond
1624:
1616:
1608:
1585:
1567:target of 3
1561:
1554:Edward Heath
1535:
1504:
1479:unemployment
1464:
1454:by reducing
1417:
1408:
1376:free markets
1373:
1330:Labour Party
1307:
1266:the election
1263:
1230:backbenchers
1223:
1195:Conservative
1188:
1186:
1163:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1102:
1078:
1071:
1048:
1020:
989:
946:
945:
739: /
734:
705:John Redwood
700:Nigel Lawson
699:
680:Alan Walters
675:Ralph Harris
670:Keith Joseph
645:
556:
551:Conservatism
549:
499:
349:Conservative
333:(2023-04-03)
331:3 April 2023
308:Nigel Lawson
284:Succeeded by
276:
261:
238:Life peerage
236:
225:
206:Succeeded by
173:
159:Peter Walker
154:Succeeded by
147:David Howell
121:
102:Succeeded by
67:
18:
7010:UK MPs 1974
6890:2023 deaths
6885:1932 births
6805:Lord Soames
6785:Francis Pym
6760:Tony Newton
6750:Angus Maude
6660:Lord Havers
6655:John Gummer
6650:Lord Gowrie
6595:John Biffen
6501:Alok Sharma
6461:Chris Huhne
6456:Ed Miliband
6436:John Hutton
6328:Eric Varley
6300:John Davies
6249:Percy Mills
5867:Hicks Beach
5842:Hicks Beach
5762:Spring Rice
5262:Westminster
5057:George Gale
4988:1803–2005:
4933:(1): 3–19.
4186:26 February
4076:20 November
3899:"The Board"
3857:17 February
3823:17 February
3790:8 September
3762:8 September
3676:"No. 52982"
3423:Lawson 1992
2571:"No. 33063"
2558:Lawson 1992
2205:Rishi Sunak
2085:high street
2083:merge with
1865:HM Treasury
1810:During the
1709:front-bench
1668:Resignation
1577:1988 budget
1546:Barber Boom
1542:Lawson Boom
1511:deregulated
1475:1979 budget
1467:1986 budget
1444:1985 budget
1436:1984 budget
1412:Thatcherism
1374:mixture of
1362:British Gas
1322:state-owned
1278:UK Treasury
1237:Audrey Wise
1233:Jeff Rooker
1140:City editor
1115:Gay Charger
1027:food writer
992:backbencher
839:Rogernomics
833:Reaganomics
813:(Australia)
606:Meritocracy
571:Atlanticism
525:Thatcherism
500:Gay Charger
272:Preceded by
194:Preceded by
142:Preceded by
90:Preceded by
6879:Categories
6790:Peter Rees
6755:John Moore
6745:John Major
6690:David Hunt
6491:Greg Clark
6471:Amber Rudd
5713:Vansittart
5693:Vansittart
5631:Dowdeswell
5616:Barrington
5447:Cottington
5317:Harvington
5292:Willoughby
5287:de la Leye
5277:G. Giffard
5272:W. Giffard
5239:of England
5194:1983–1989
5181:John Major
5175:1983–1989
5148:1981–1983
5121:1979–1981
5051:1966–1970
5043:Editor of
4507:13 October
4396:Exaro News
4337:25 October
4303:. London.
4270:. London.
4159:18 October
4149:Standpoint
4050:24 January
3938:13 October
3734:8 December
3724:Standpoint
3720:"About Us"
3540:18 October
3257:1066117848
3161:13 October
2744:6 February
2683:. London.
2424:References
2197:Eastbourne
2144:since 2016
2030:Met Office
1940:Standpoint
1935:is taken.
1912:think tank
1789:campaign.
1787:Vote Leave
1771:Standpoint
1695:Retirement
1678:John Major
1598:with less
1558:monetarism
1538:UK economy
1471:income tax
1432:tax reform
1394:" (of the
1249:tax burden
1241:indexation
1154:Capitalist
1150:Jim Slater
1109:Royal Navy
1016:Vote Leave
611:Monetarism
576:Capitalism
543:Philosophy
470:Royal Navy
458:Allegiance
442:Alma mater
338:Eastbourne
314:1932-03-11
107:John Major
6780:Jim Prior
6765:John Nott
6333:Tony Benn
6282:Tony Benn
6002:Callaghan
5977:Macmillan
5967:Gaitskell
5832:Gladstone
5827:Northcote
5822:Gladstone
5802:Gladstone
5787:Gladstone
5729:Tenterden
5666:Addington
5656:Cavendish
5646:Cavendish
5636:Townshend
5626:Grenville
5605:Mansfield
5594:Lyttelton
5452:Colepeper
5417:Fortescue
5407:Sackville
5327:Stratford
5322:Wodehouse
5257:Leicester
4957:153957680
4949:1746-9198
4908:cite book
4851:cite book
4460:12 August
4366:0261-3077
4180:The Times
3905:3 October
3883:3 October
3852:0261-3077
3818:0261-3077
3605:The Times
3405:The Times
3378:0261-3077
3344:0260-9592
3310:0261-3077
3215:0190-8286
3085:CiteSeerX
3083:(3): 14.
2945:0013-0613
2909:0261-3077
2827:0190-8286
2713:11 August
2631:The Times
2604:0261-3077
2466:0261-3077
2295:Alan Budd
2109:chairman
2018:BBC Radio
1956:In 2011,
1844:The Times
1816:farmhouse
1438:reformed
1209:(MP) for
1074:Myra Hess
1069:in 1911.
1055:Hampstead
827:Powellism
822:New Right
746:Bow Group
479:1954–1956
431:Education
340:, England
321:Hampstead
262:In office
174:In office
122:In office
68:In office
6715:Tom King
6466:Ed Davey
6386:Ian Lang
6087:Kwarteng
5997:Maudling
5952:Anderson
5862:Harcourt
5847:Harcourt
5837:Childers
5807:Disraeli
5797:Disraeli
5782:Disraeli
5772:Goulburn
5740:Goulburn
5718:Robinson
5688:Perceval
5621:Dashwood
5555:Aislabie
5550:Stanhope
5467:Duncombe
5437:Portland
5432:Greville
5397:Cromwell
5367:Thwaites
5352:Somerset
5297:Benstead
5282:Chishull
5267:Chishull
5252:Maunsell
4871:(1998).
4841:(1997).
4812:BBC News
4766:25 April
4654:BBC News
4545:. GOV.UK
4454:Analysis
4332:BBC News
4311:20 April
4305:Archived
4278:20 April
4272:Archived
4182:. London
4129:19 April
4125:. London
4102:14 March
4071:Prospect
4017:14 March
3932:Archived
3783:BBC News
3755:BBC News
3654:BBC News
3562:10 April
3536:. London
3513:10 April
3507:BBC News
3467:10 April
3383:10 April
3349:10 April
3315:10 April
3281:10 April
3186:10 April
3055:BBC News
3029:BBC News
2994:(2008).
2976:10 April
2950:10 April
2914:10 April
2858:10 April
2832:10 April
2796:10 April
2765:BBC News
2685:Archived
2410:See also
2297:(1988).
2076:Analysis
2050:eurozone
1958:Bob Ward
1929:alarmist
1891:Prospect
1646:poll tax
1562:de facto
1529:was the
1523:merchant
1515:Big Bang
1499:taxation
1403:populism
1388:tax cuts
1290:monetary
515:Part of
494:Commands
416:Children
6103:Italic:
6067:Hammond
6062:Osborne
6057:Darling
6012:Macleod
6007:Jenkins
5932:Snowden
5922:Snowden
5912:Baldwin
5892:McKenna
5882:Asquith
5872:Ritchie
5857:Goschen
5745:Althorp
5735:Herries
5723:Canning
5703:of the
5567:Walpole
5545:Walpole
5535:Wyndham
5487:Montagu
5482:Hampden
5477:Delamer
5442:Barrett
5412:Mildmay
5392:Berners
5382:Catesby
5342:Barnham
5312:Stanton
5302:Sandale
5019:at the
4997:at the
4985:Hansard
4818:5 April
4792:4 April
4740:3 April
4714:4 April
4688:5 April
4609:5 April
4580:4 April
4549:5 April
4245:9 April
4212:8 March
3634:4 April
3060:4 April
3035:4 April
2880:9 April
2790:AP NEWS
2770:4 April
2609:6 April
2471:4 April
2171:in the
2036:Economy
2028:of the
1960:of the
1884:of the
1755:Nigella
1736:in the
1734:Newnham
1571:to the
1308:In the
741:"Dries"
425:Nigella
421:Dominic
407:
395:
391:
382:
370:
366:
355:Spouses
6082:Zahawi
6047:Clarke
6042:Lamont
6032:Lawson
6022:Healey
6017:Barber
5972:Butler
5962:Cripps
5957:Dalton
5767:Baring
5751:Denman
5577:Pelham
5572:Sandys
5540:Onslow
5530:Benson
5525:Harley
5462:Ashley
5427:Caesar
5422:Dunbar
5387:Lovell
5377:Fowler
5372:Witham
5362:Witham
5357:Browne
5337:Ashton
5307:Hotham
4955:
4947:
4660:31 May
4634:15 May
4625:"Home"
4502:Iai.tv
4482:5 June
4407:16 May
4371:29 May
4364:
3966:
3850:
3816:
3660:29 May
3443:
3376:
3342:
3308:
3255:
3245:
3220:29 May
3213:
3139:29 May
3087:
3004:
2943:
2907:
2825:
2691:20 May
2602:
2543:14 May
2497:16 May
2464:
2397:
2374:
2355:
2332:
2309:
2282:
2261:
2177:Brexit
2062:BBC TV
1910:(CPS)
1448:direct
1434:. The
1360:, and
1324:since
1320:(then
1294:fiscal
1136:column
639:People
6077:Sunak
6072:Javid
6052:Brown
6037:Major
5992:Lloyd
5942:Simon
5907:Horne
5792:Lewis
5683:Petty
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