901:
809:, who felt that Imperial were not marketing them as a cessation product, and that the product was a "loophole" to "addict new young people to nicotine" due to flavouring, accessibility, and marketing appealing to youth (with its classification under natural health product regulations giving it looser restrictions on marketing than other tobacco products). Health Canada stated that regulation of their sale was the jurisdiction of provinces and territories, Imperial lobbied against regulation of the product, stating that it had voluntarily instructed retailers to sell it alongside other age-restricted tobacco products.
735:
product. Within days of the ban, Epok was re-introduced to the
Norwegian market, with a minute amount of bleached tobacco added, to qualify as snus, an already approved form of nicotine product. As of July 2024, Epok is still sold by Norwegian grocery stores. In Sweden, there was a growing debate before the EU referendum in 1994, whether snus would be prohibited in Sweden, as the EU had prohibited snus in 1992. A number of voters expressed concern that if Sweden became a EU member, they would have to kick the habit. The Swedish government requested an exception to the EU ban, which was granted.
301:), and aroma, and is prepared through heating under pressure. After the heating process, food grade aromas are typically added. In Sweden, snus is regulated as a food product and, for this reason, all ingredients are listed on the label of each individual package (can) of snus. Moist snus contains more than 50% water, and the average use of snus in Sweden is approximately 800 grams (16 units) per person each year. About 12% (1.1 million people) of the population in Sweden use snus. Unlike dipping tobacco and chew, most snus today does not undergo the
128:
821:; Holland stated that the provision was intended primarily to target nicotine pouches. In August 2024, Holland invoked this power to issue a ministerial order effective 28 August 2024; under the order, Zonnic was prohibited from being sold outside of pharmacies, and flavours besides menthol and mint were recalled. The company will have six months to amend its packaging to include warnings on nicotine addiction, and modify its marketing as to not appeal to youth or promote other uses beyond nicotine therapy.
577:
placed between the lower lip or cheek and the gums; it is not used nasally. As with chewing tobacco, salivation is copious, and usually spat out. Dipping tobacco is usually flavored, traditionally with wintergreen or mint, though many other flavorings are now available, while some unflavored brands remain popular. Beginning in the mid-1980s, several brands have packaged
American dipping tobacco in porous pouches like those used for many brands of Scandinavian and American snus.
47:
205:
270:
69:
690:
brands use different fibers, but some of the most common derive from eucalyptus and pine. Nicotine pouches are sold in an array of flavors, such as peppermint, black cherry, coffee, citrus, and many others. The nicotine content among nicotine pouch brands typically varies from 1 mg/pouch to 10 mg/pouch although some have much more. Nicotine pouches usually have a longer shelf-life than traditional snus.
253:
930:
625:
2184:
2107:
325:(similar to dip snuff), at 42 g (50 g before 2008). Mini-portion and medium-portion snus are increasingly popular formats. Most of these products come in tins containing 20 portions, of either 0.65 or 0.5 grams each for a total of just under 13 or 10 grams, particularly with those for whom concealing their use of smokeless tobacco in places is of utmost importance.
313:, while preserving the desired texture and mouthfeel of the snus. The absorption of nicotine, the desired primary alkaloid in tobacco, greatly depends on the nicotine content in the snus and the pH of the final product. A voluntary quality standard for snus products has been introduced (Gothiatek) that sets maximum levels for certain controversial constituents including nitrosamines,
377:(slang). Some individuals, particularly long-time users, opt to simply pinch the tobacco and place it under their upper lip (known as a farmer's pinch or living snus). However, the popularity of loose snus has gradually been overtaken by portioned alternatives. Nowadays, many snus users appreciate the discreet nature of these pre-portioned varieties.
981:
from approximately four hundred local brands to just seventeen, although these were now distributed nationwide. Consequently, employment within the industry experienced a fifty percent decline. In the 1960s, Sweden decided to abolish the import and sales monopoly on tobacco. AB Svenska
Tobaksmonopolet later merged with the match manufacturer
686:
Tobacco) bought
Niconovum. Thereafter tobacco companies, particularly Swedish Match, became active in the pouch category. Many of Swedenâs leading snus manufacturers, such as Swedish Match, Skruf and AG Snus created their nicotine pouch brands as a direct response to demand for a non-carcinogenic nicotine option with less health-risks.
584:
placed in the upper lip in a manner similar to snus; it differs in that it is more finely ground and has an even higher nicotine content and pH level. Sales within the
European Union are legal due to its classification as a chewing tobacco. Its safety in comparison to snus has not been studied sufficiently.
398:
delivered somewhat slower due to the drier sachet. Notably, "white portion" refers to the style, not the color. Some white portion snus use a black material instead of white, yet are still considered "white portion". Examples of such snus include
General Onyx, Grovsnus Svart (Black), and Blue Ocean (Blue).
745:
In some countries in
Eastern Europe like Poland and the Baltics, nicotine pouches are sold freely, because they do not classify as a tobacco product although in Estonia, a special classification of "products related or similar to tobacco products" has been in place since 2020 and the same laws apply
412:
The nicotine content varies among brands, with the most common strength being 8 mg per gram of tobacco. Stark and extra stark varieties have higher nicotine content, with stark varieties containing 11â14 mg and extra stark varieties containing up to 22 mg. Siberia brand has an "Extremely Strong" snus
324:
Snus is sold in containers of various sizes, originally made of porcelain, wood, silver, or gold. Portioned snus usually comes in plastic tins of 20 to 24 portions, containing about 0.75 to 1 gram of snus each, while loose snus is mostly sold in wax coated cardboard containers with plastic lids
734:
having been sold as the sole tobacco-free brand in Norway since 2014, since as it didn't contain any tobacco, it was a new form of nicotine product, distinct from the other forms of snus approved in Norway. Approval for the nicotine pouch brand ZYN had already been rejected twice for a very similar
980:
In 1914, the
Swedish parliament made the decision to nationalize the entire tobacco industry. This led to the transformation of numerous tobacco companies into the state-owned monopoly known as AB Svenska Tobakmonopolet. As a result, the number of available tobacco products decreased significantly
965:
Due to manual laborers typically working outside where frequent use of a dry, finely ground nasal snuff is not convenient, they opted to crush their tobaccos into a paste-like consistency and allowed it to ferment in jars for several weeks. The final product was then portioned and placed under the
777:
receiving approval for its Zonnic brand in 2023. Their sale is covered under the
Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate; nicotine products in Canada with a standard dosage exceeding 4 mg are considered a prescription drug, therefore personal imports of nicotine pouches containing
685:
The first tobacco-free snus product was developed in the beginning of the 2000s by a small start up company named
Niconovum. Niconovum registered the non-tobacco snus in 2008 as a medicinal nicotine replacement product (Zonnic) with 2 mg of nicotine. In 2009, RJ Reynolds (now British American
583:
This Algerian product is a moist tobacco similar to Scandinavian snus in many respects. Outside of Algeria, it is most widely known as "Makla", a name that originates from the Algerian brand "Makla El Hilal", which first produced this type of smokeless tobacco during the French colonization. It is
428:
Snus is not cured, so it can spoil much faster than cured tobacco. While tobacco-based snus is typically refrigerated for short term storage (up to a few months), it is typically frozen for longer term storage of a year or more. It can stay unrefrigerated for a week or more without spoilage. Some
689:
In addition to nicotine, non-tobacco nicotine pouches typically contain food-grade fillers, sweeteners, and flavorings. The main ingredient in nicotine pouches in terms of volume is plant fiber. Plant fibers are used to fill the pouch and give it the desired shape, fit, and properties. Different
576:
Also known as dip, spit tobacco or, ambiguously, as moist snuff, this is a common American form of tobacco. It is moist, and somewhat finely ground, but less so than snus. Dipping tobacco (so called because users dip their fingers into the package to pinch a portion to insert into the mouth) is
452:
A moist form of smokeless tobacco which is usually placed under the upper lip, and which does not result in the need for spitting. It is sold either as a moist powder known as loose snus, or packaged into pouches known as portion snus. Snus is often mildly flavored with food-grade smoke aroma,
408:
Portioned snus comes in three sizes: mini, normal/large, and maxi. The weights vary, but most packages disclose the net weight. Mini portions weigh around 0.5 g, normal portions weigh 0.8 to 1 g, and maxi portions weigh up to 1.7 g. Some brands offer regular and long versions of the normal size
1363:
Brinchmann, Bendik C.; Vist, Gunn E.; Becher, Rune; Grimsrud, Tom K.; Elvsaas, Ida-Kristin ĂrjasĂŠter; Underland, Vigdis; Holme, JĂžrn A.; Carlsen, Karin C. LĂždrup; Kreyberg, Ina; Nordhagen, Live S.; Stensby Bains, Karen Eline; Carlsen, Kai-HĂ„kon; Alexander, Jan; Valen, HĂ„kon (16 December 2022).
397:
White portion: This form has a milder taste and slightly slower release. The sachet material is not moisturized during manufacturing, resulting in a white, dry pouch. The tobacco within the portion material has the same moisture content as original portion snus, but the nicotine and flavor are
892:
Advocacy groups opposed to the introduction of nicotine pouches in Kenya have protested that they may raise the risk of cancer, heart disease, and reproductive or developmental harms. The Kenya Tobacco Control Alliance alleged that given the higher levels of some toxic chemicals, and what the
857:
nicotine in itself is not a hazardous drug. In turn, it is hypothesized that if nicotine can be delivered without tobacco and smoke inhalation, most, if not all of the harm of smoking can be avoided. However, if not carcinogenic, nicotine is still moderately harmful to cardiovascular health,
976:
into snus making, reducing production time by several weeks and preventing microbial contamination. In the years that followed, numerous manufacturers further improved of snus manufacturing, leading to the flourishing of many brands. Several of these brands from that era continue to exist.
812:
Due to local laws on health products, the pouches could only be sold in Quebec at pharmacies. In February 2024, British Columbia issued a ministerial order that prohibited nicotine pouches from being sold outside of pharmacies. That month, Holland threatened to regulate the product. In the
945:
who cultivated tobacco in his garden, and was one of the pioneers in recognizing the medicinal properties of tobacco. Nicot is also the originor of the word nicotine. Nicot meticulously dried and ground the tobacco leaves into a fine powder, which could be inhaled as
1843:
633:
Various national and international health organizations stated that using snus is addictive, represents a health risk, has no safe level use, and is not a safe substitute for smoking. Using snus can cause a number of adverse health effects such as
425:. This is true for both loose snus and portion snus. The pris (pressed pellet of loose snus) or pouch is typically left in place for anywhere between 30 and 120 minutes. No spitting is required, but some (especially new users) may prefer to.
742:(FIMEA) stated that nicotine pouches cannot be classified as medicinal products unless they are specifically marketed for a medicinal purpose or it can be demonstrated in some other way that they are typically used as medicinal products.
401:
The Stingfree portion is a patented pouch for snus and modern oral nicotine pouches, approved in the US and Europe. It features a protective side that effectively reduces the burning sensation and irritation on the user's gum and oral
961:
Tobacco use became so prevalent in Sweden that in 1724, King Fredrik I issued a decree mandating that Swedes cultivate their own tobacco. Consequently, farmers and homesteaders started grinding their own locally grown tobacco.
1189:
Valen, HĂ„kon; Becher, Rune; Vist, Gunn Elisabeth; Holme, JĂžrn Andreas; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Elvsaas, Ida-Kristin ĂrjasĂŠter; Alexander, Jan; Underland, Vigdis; Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Grimsrud, Tom Kristian (2023-12-15).
725:
In some countries, like Norway, the sale of tobacco-free nicotine pouches is prohibited, as it would constitute the sale of a new nicotine-product in addition to cigarettes, snuff, and tobacco-based snus. In June 2018 the
391:) is a convenient and discreet form of snus that comes in small teabag-like sachets filled with moist powder. It is available in smaller quantities compared to loose powder snus. There are two varieties of portion snus:
958:. The use of snuff quickly gained popularity among the French court and the upper-class citizens, becoming a fashionable trend. By the early 17th century, the practice of using nasal snuff had also spread to Sweden.
429:
tobacco-based snus products are shipped very dry, so they have extended shelf life without needing any refrigeration. This makes them slower to initially "drip", as there is no appreciable moisture in the packet.
1835:
628:
Warning label on a container of Swedish snus. The text reads: "This tobacco product may damage your health and is addictive". Note the "best before" date and list of ingredients, which is required by Swedish
547:
or longer), or less commonly of chopped leaves and stems compressed into blocks called plugs, or even finely ground pieces compressed into pellets. A few brands are cut into much finer loose strands, like
201:. However, they are still harmful to cardiovascular health due to their nicotine content, and are associated with moderately higher risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and reproductive harms.
161:
Tobacco-based snus carries many of the same health risks as smoking, although to a considerably lesser degree. Long-term oral tobacco use is correlated with a variety of harmful effects such as
746:
as for tobacco products. Although nicotine pouches are not heavily regulated in the European Union, some regulatory characteristics fall under the European Union CLP-Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
817:, a provision was enacted which gives the Minister of Health power to restrict the sale, manufacture, importation, or promotion of health products, if they have a risk of harm associated with
129:
2713:
3055:
Stanfill, Stephen; Tran, Hang; Tyx, Robert; Fernandez, Carolina; Zhu, Wanzhe; Marynak, Kristy; King, Brian; ValentĂn-Blasini, Liza; Blount, Benjamin C.; Watson, Clifford (2021-08-18).
2806:
3235:
897:
said was a lack of medical data showing the pouches are safer than cigarettes (as claimed by manufacturer British American Tobacco), the government should not license the product.
343:) is a moist powder that can be shaped into a cylindrical or spherical form using the fingertips or a specialized cylindrical device. This final product is commonly known as a
2593:
2151:
Lipari, R. N; Van Horn, S. L (31 May 2017). "Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Use and Initiation: 2002 to 2014". Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
560:, this "juice" usually requires spitting. Chewing tobacco is a long-established North American form of tobacco (derived from traditional use of raw tobacco leaf by
702:
277:
Tobacco-based snus is typically made from air-dried tobaccos from various parts of the world. In earlier times, tobacco for making snus was laid out for drying in
697:
as the global leader. This popularity has led to controversy among government regulators who view the product's appeal to youth as concerning. In April 2024, the
873:, argues that nicotine may be carcinogenic through indirect effects on a range of organ systems in the body. Specifically, they claim that nicotine "affects the
1775:
849:
of effects for nicotine pouches, although independent research is now emerging. Nicotine itself is currently classified as non-carcinogenic according to the
933:
Catch lid found on many snus tins, which snaps in and out of place. The small compartment is typically used for the temporary storage of used snus portions.
677:. There is no scientific evidence that using snus can help a person quit smoking, although widespread snus-usage is correlated with lower rates of smoking.
394:
Original portion: This traditional form was introduced in 1973. The sachet material is moisturized during manufacturing, resulting in a brown, moist pouch.
727:
552:. Chew is placed between the cheek and the gums, or actively chewed. It causes copious salivation, especially when chewed, and due to its irritant (even
273:
Left is an original (or "regular") portion. Right is a "white portion". White portions can be any color, as the name refers to the style, not the color.
1941:
858:
therefore long-term use of non-tobacco nicotine pouches very likely causes higher risks for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and reproductive harms.
475:
Available since the late 1990s, this is similar to the Scandinavian form, but usually has a lower moisture content and lower pH, resulting in lower
2311:
Stanfill, S.; Tran, H.; Tyx, R.; Fernandez, C.; Zhu, W.; Marynak, K.; King, B.; ValentĂn-Blasini, L.; Blount, B. C.; Watson, C. (September 2021).
2911:
1587:
1509:
2886:
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and/or wood ash. It is used like dipping tobacco or put under the tongue, and is pungent and often heavily flavored, e.g. with culinary oils (
3225:
1563:
1485:
2389:
850:
2541:
1690:
1825:
Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks, SCENIHR. Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Products. 2008:78-79
212:
The sale of both tobacco based and non-tobacco based snus is illegal in several countries, including Australia, New Zealand and all
2932:
1192:"A systematic review of cancer risk among users of smokeless tobacco (Swedish snus) exclusively, compared with no use of tobacco"
937:
Snus has a long history of use, reaching back to the 16th century and concentrated in Sweden. Its origin lies in an invention by
2831:
2201:
479:
of nicotine than Scandinavian varieties, meaning less is available for absorption. American snus is often flavored, e.g., with
749:
The pouches are sold in supermarkets in the United Kingdom, and are not covered by tobacco or medical laws there. In 2022, the
3324:
2568:
2135:
1805:
1252:"Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Smokeless Tobacco Users: Results of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Global Data"
1629:
698:
2096:
2767:
2075:
2023:
3365:
561:
1715:
1527:
298:
894:
592:
A central Asian product which is a moist, powdered form of tobacco, often green and sometimes caked with the mineral
110:
2792:
1894:
900:
706:
2642:
318:
1366:"Use of Swedish smokeless tobacco during pregnancy: A systematic review of pregnancy and early life health risk"
146:) consumed by placing a pouch of powdered tobacco leaves or powdered non-tobacco plant fibers under the lip for
670:. Nicotine in snus products that are used during pregnancy can affect how a baby's brain develops in the womb.
17:
2861:
1948:
612:
Snus, dry snuff, and dipping tobacco are distinct products that some English speaking people may refer to as
310:
814:
770:
750:
564:), and is also legal in the European Union. Chewing tobacco is sometimes flavored, e.g. with wintergreen,
208:
Legal status of tobacco based snus. The sale of tobacco based snus is banned in the EU (except in Sweden).
3148:
3130:
854:
302:
3162:
Mishra, Aseem; Chaturvedi, Pankaj; Datta, Sourav; Sinukumar, Snita; Joshi, Poonam; Garg, Apurva (2015).
2738:
1751:"DĂĄil Ăireann debate. Question 507 â Health services [snus/nicotine pouches] [507/24]"
3370:
3112:
2100:
2061:
972:
is the still extant snus brand, which dates to 1822. Its founder, Jakob Fredrik Ljunglöf, introduced
465:
and/or floral flavors. Most Scandinavian snus is produced in Sweden and regulated as food under the
2177:
1927:
2036:
1604:
1129:"Epidemiological evidence relating snus to health â an updated review based on recent publications"
951:
917:
158:
leaves, the nicotine in non-tobacco snus can be either naturally or synthetically synthesized.
2365:
2054:
2079:
774:
516:
1250:
Gupta, Ruchika; Gupta, Sanjay; Sharma, Shashi; Sinha, Dhirendra N; Mehrotra, Ravi (2019-01-01).
3057:"Characterization of Total and Unprotonated (Free) Nicotine Content of Nicotine Pouch Products"
2414:
2351:
2313:"Characterization of Total and Unprotonated (Free) Nicotine Content of Nicotine Pouch Products"
994:
862:
651:
454:
314:
178:
289:
tobaccos were used. The ground tobacco is mixed with water, salt, an alkalizing agent such as
2164:
2123:
2125:
1865:
197:. Conversely, non-tobacco based snus, or nicotine pouches, are currently classified as non-
2666:
2618:
2127:
Protecting Smokers, Saving Lives: The Case for a Tobacco and Nicotine Regulatory Authority
1311:
701:
announced new regulations banning the sale of nicotine pouches to children as part of the
616:
but are all processed and used in very different ways, each with their own sets of risks.
8:
2887:"'We were duped': Health minister vows to close 'loophole' on flavoured nicotine pouches"
2312:
2225:
1776:"Seni keelatud Snus ehk mokatubakas jĂ”udis nĂŒĂŒd Eestis ametlikult mĂŒĂŒgile, and Lithuania"
779:
3317:
SNUS! The complete guide to brands, manufacturing, and art of enjoying smokeless tobacco
2933:"Canada banning sales of flavoured nicotine pouches in convenience stores, gas stations"
1458:
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2983:
2974:
2958:
2267:
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2001:
1974:
1672:
1284:
1251:
1163:
1128:
1078:
1069:
1053:
913:
874:
515:
in Norwegian, and as "Scotch snuff" in the US, is a dry, powdered form of snuff. It is
294:
1660:
738:
In Finland, until April 2023, nicotine pouches were classified for medicinal use. The
3320:
3226:"Lobby alleged the introduction of pouches could result in increased risk for cancer"
3203:
3185:
3086:
3078:
3037:
2988:
2441:"Denne snusen blir nĂ„ trukket tilbake fra hyllene. Ă
rsak: Den inneholder ikke tobakk"
2334:
2290:
2272:
2152:
2131:
2006:
1912:
1664:
1605:"Are Oral Nicotine Pouches Safe? | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health"
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over 4 mg of nicotine per pouch are prohibited. Exceptions exist for those who are a
766:
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647:
639:
635:
440:
174:
166:
162:
135:
2807:"Notice: Prescription Drug List (PDL): Nicotine Qualifier Clarification | Canada.ca"
2440:
2390:"What to know about Zyn, the tiny nicotine pouch that's sparked a big health debate"
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1996:
1986:
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1140:
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216:(EU) countries except for Sweden. It is the most common type of tobacco product in
194:
122:
90:
3006:
Robichaud, Meagan O.; Seidenberg, Andrew B.; Byron, M. Justin (21 November 2019).
2957:
Robichaud, Meagan O.; Seidenberg, Andrew B.; Byron, M. Justin (21 November 2019).
2667:"Nikotiinipussien etÀmyynti Suomessa - Snuush - vahvat nikotiinipussit reseptillÀ"
2241:
Robichaud, Meagan O.; Seidenberg, Andrew B.; Byron, M. Justin (21 November 2019).
1676:
1052:
Robichaud, Meagan O.; Seidenberg, Andrew B.; Byron, M. Justin (21 November 2019).
309:. Pasteurization inhibits the growth of bacteria that facilitate the formation of
3144:
3126:
999:
947:
571:
543:). It is tobacco in the form of short or long, loose leaf and stem strands (like
526:
476:
151:
38:
2594:"ZrĂĄdnĂ© nikotinovĂ© sĂĄÄky nepodlĂ©hajĂ zĂĄkonnĂ© regulaci a mohou vĂ©st k zĂĄvislosti"
2569:"Fimea supports legislative reform concerning nicotine pouches - fimea englanti"
973:
643:
593:
549:
306:
229:
213:
170:
2714:"Local public health experts warn about nicotine pouches | CityNews Kitchener"
1441:
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which was announced in the Kingâs speech on 7 November 2023 and introduced to
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806:
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605:
544:
3073:
3056:
2793:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Natural Health Products Regulations"
2329:
1991:
905:
717:
Non-tobacco nicotine pouches are regulated differently around the world.
240:, allow the sale of non-tobacco based snus. Snus is also available in the
46:
3105:"IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans"
2912:"Health minister puts nicotine pouches behind the counter, bans flavours"
1390:
1267:
966:
lip for extended periods of time, eventually gaining popularity as snus.
909:
799:
753:
group called for a regulatory framework covering all nicotine products.
498:
484:
225:
1750:
1216:
321:. Most manufacturers of Scandinavian type snus adhere to this standard.
969:
938:
845:
There is limited independent testing of the constituents, exposure, or
795:
791:
730:
forced British American Tobacco Norway to remove the tobacco-free snus
659:
263:
204:
198:
186:
2466:
2124:
Royal College of Physicians of London. Tobacco Advisory Group (2002).
1381:
1330:
1207:
1102:
519:â "sniffed" but not deeply "snorted" â through the nose. It is often
50:
Tobacco-free snus made of plant and artificial fibers for sale in the
1424:
M. Jackson, Joshua; Weke, Anthony; Holliday, Richard (October 2023).
882:
846:
783:
761:
In Canada, 4 mg nicotine pouches became widely available for sale in
557:
480:
269:
693:
Since 2021, sales of nicotine pouches have grown exponentially with
3104:
955:
942:
886:
597:
445:
Some forms of tobacco consumed in the mouth may be categorized as:
413:
with 43 mg of nicotine per gram of tobacco, the highest available.
286:
147:
139:
2516:
2491:
252:
2862:"Health minister defends new powers to pull products off shelves"
2187:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2110:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1736:
1630:"Burning Issues: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2020"
834:
520:
503:
Mostly English, German, and Scandinavian, this is referred to as
488:
237:
233:
155:
68:
954:(1519â1589), the Queen of France, in an effort to alleviate her
3119:
1797:
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929:
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601:
587:
553:
492:
458:
278:
221:
217:
182:
3161:
3137:
680:
3008:"Tobacco companies introduce 'tobacco-free' nicotine pouches"
2959:"Tobacco companies introduce 'tobacco-free' nicotine pouches"
2243:"Tobacco companies introduce 'tobacco-free' nicotine pouches"
1054:"Tobacco companies introduce 'tobacco-free' nicotine pouches"
870:
739:
658:. Snus can also cause adverse reproductive effects including
565:
432:
99:
2366:"Nicotine pouches are growing in popularity. Are they safe?"
1362:
805:
The 2023 launch of Zonnic was criticized by Health Minister
2458:
2236:
2234:
1310:
Benowitz, Neal L.; Liakoni, Evangelia (29 September 2021).
462:
31:
1094:
154:. Whereas the nicotine in tobacco-based snus derives from
2768:"B.C. to remove nicotine pouches from convenience stores"
2415:"Are Nicotine Pouches Being Banned? | PrimeÂź Nic Pouches"
2099:. United States Department of Health and Human Services.
1836:"Swedish Patent Database, Patent SE 1450234-8, SE 539029"
1691:"Europe's war against tobacco has a new target: Nicotine"
422:
56:
3054:
3005:
2999:
2956:
2950:
2310:
2240:
2231:
1051:
1866:"Siberia Dip and Siberia Chew rock the US and the UK |"
1562:
Avenue, 677 Huntington; Boston; Ma 02115 (2024-04-16).
1484:
Avenue, 677 Huntington; Boston; Ma 02115 (2024-04-16).
1045:
421:
Snus is typically used by being placed under the upper
2103:
at the National Institutes of Health. 25 October 2010.
1890:
1564:"Zyn pouches safer than smoking, but still pose risks"
1486:"Zyn pouches safer than smoking, but still pose risks"
1423:
833:
in the US because they contain nicotine obtained from
2832:"Food and Drug Regulations | laws-lois.justice.gc.ca"
2291:"What are Nicotine Pouches? Complete Guide - Swenico"
1249:
111:
102:
96:
93:
1716:"What is snus and why do so many Norwegians use it?"
1561:
1483:
1188:
1889:
531:North American and European product, also known as
328:Tobacco-based snus is available in two main types:
2439:
1798:"Snusandet ökar - trots stor ovisshet om riskerna"
3168:Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology
1528:"Can Nicotine Pouches Like Zyn Harm Your Health?"
889:by various mechanisms, which leads to cancer."
829:It is assumed nicotine pouches are classified as
3352:
3258:"nicotine | Etymology of nicotine by etymonline"
3145:"Nicotine without smoke: Tobacco harm reduction"
3127:"Nicotine without smoke: Tobacco harm reduction"
1426:"Nicotine pouches: a review for the dental team"
1312:"Tobacco use disorder and cardiovascular health"
37:Not to be confused with the dry tobacco product
27:Moist tobacco product placed under the upper lip
1309:
510:
3097:
2688:"Call to ban nicotine pouch sale to under-18s"
2643:"EUR-Lex - 02008R1272-20211001 - EN - EUR-Lex"
2202:"ERS Position Paper on Tobacco Harm Reduction"
2150:
2055:"Recommendation on smokeless tobacco products"
1966:
1647:Gray, Nigel (2005). "Mixed feelings on snus".
3219:
3217:
2024:Differences between American and Swedish snus
1972:
504:
372:
366:
360:
344:
257:
2467:"Disse snusboksene forsvinner fra butikkene"
2352:Difference between Nicotine Pouches and Snus
2130:. Royal College of Physicians. pp. 5â.
1975:"Is low-nicotine Marlboro snus really snus?"
985:and was listed on the stock market in 1996.
3109:International Agency for Research on Cancer
2438:Journalist, Lene SkogstrĂžm (25 July 2018).
1947:. World Health Organization. Archived from
1934:
1586:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1508:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
941:(1530â1600), a French diplomat residing in
851:International Agency for Research on Cancer
681:Nicotine pouches and non-tobacco based snus
185:and adverse reproductive effects including
142:(outside of Scandinavia; often marketed as
3295:
3214:
2542:"Höjd EU-skatt pÄ snus - Sveriges Riksdag"
2437:
2144:
2091:
2089:
1973:Foulds, Jonathan; Furberg, Helena (2008).
433:Differences to other oral tobacco products
3197:
3179:
3072:
3031:
2982:
2363:
2328:
2266:
2117:
2000:
1990:
1457:
1389:
1283:
1215:
1162:
1144:
1077:
699:UK's Department of Health and Social Care
928:
899:
861:A meta-analysis from 2015 by members of
623:
268:
251:
203:
72:Tobacco-based snus of the Swedish brand
67:
45:
3283:Liten svensk historia om snus (Swedish)
2591:
2534:
2464:
2086:
2047:
1100:
673:Quitting snus use is as challenging as
228:. Some European countries, such as the
14:
3353:
3314:
3223:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2563:
2561:
2068:
1895:"How to Use Snus and Nicotine Pouches"
1634:Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction
3296:Westerberg, Fredrik (10 March 2022).
3280:
1599:
1597:
1557:
1555:
1521:
1519:
1479:
1477:
247:
121:
3238:from the original on 2 December 2019
1646:
1525:
1419:
1417:
1358:
1356:
1305:
1303:
1245:
1243:
1184:
1182:
535:(or in some Southern US dialects as
3339:
2849:
2755:
2585:
2558:
2076:"Health Risks of Smokeless Tobacco"
1846:from the original on 2 October 2019
1126:
24:
3024:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055321
2975:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055321
2259:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055321
2194:
1594:
1552:
1516:
1474:
1070:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055321
562:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
25:
3382:
2364:Rodenburg, Malissa (2024-03-08).
1414:
1353:
1300:
1240:
1179:
895:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
840:
138:(in Scandinavia) and non-tobacco
2182:
2105:
920:) is authorized inside the shop.
824:
89:
3333:
3308:
3289:
3274:
3250:
3155:
3061:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
3048:
2925:
2904:
2879:
2824:
2799:
2785:
2731:
2706:
2680:
2659:
2635:
2611:
2509:
2484:
2431:
2407:
2382:
2357:
2345:
2317:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
2304:
2283:
2219:
2029:
2017:
1942:"Snus â The Swedish Experience"
1883:
1858:
1828:
1819:
1808:from the original on 2007-09-27
1790:
1768:
1743:
1729:
1708:
1683:
1640:
1622:
1256:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
1196:International Journal of Cancer
1103:"BrÄstans for snus uten tobakk"
728:Norwegian Directorate of Health
619:
3224:Kabale, Nasibo (8 June 2019).
2097:"Smokeless Tobacco and Cancer"
1120:
1021:
950:. He presented this powder to
305:process, but is instead steam-
13:
1:
3164:"Harmful effects of nicotine"
2465:Klausen, Marte (2018-07-26).
1661:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67352-7
1101:Klausen, Marte (2018-07-25).
1015:
800:resident of a foreign country
712:
311:tobacco-specific nitrosamines
2914:. Canadian Press. 2024-08-22
2619:"TubakaseadusâRiigi Teataja"
2592:VitĂĄsek, Petr (2020-09-30).
2206:European Respiratory Society
1127:Lee, Peter N. (2013-12-06).
815:2024 Canadian federal budget
802:while a visitor in Canada.
771:nicotine replacement therapy
751:Action on Smoking and Health
7:
3149:Royal College of Physicians
3131:Royal College of Physicians
2836:www.laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
2226:Nicotine Pouch Side Effects
1778:(in Estonian). 16 July 2019
988:
855:Royal College of Physicians
150:to be absorbed through the
10:
3387:
924:
438:
36:
29:
3366:Swedish words and phrases
3113:World Health Organization
2772:CTV News British Columbia
2743:health-products.canada.ca
2419:www.primenicpouches.co.uk
2101:National Cancer Institute
2062:World Health Organization
2026:SnusDirect September 2020
1526:Blum, Dani (2024-01-25).
1442:10.1038/s41415-023-6383-7
916:(here for snus Epok from
756:
720:
550:cigarette rolling tobacco
495:), and may contain sugar.
319:polyaromatic hydrocarbons
256:Cylindrical (fingertips)
224:and is also available in
3181:10.4103/0971-5851.151771
2669:(in Finnish). 2022-03-20
2354:SnusDirect February 2021
918:British American Tobacco
740:Finnish Medicines Agency
416:
30:Not to be confused with
3340:Ulf, af Trolle (1965).
2228:Prilla.com January 2023
2080:American Cancer Society
1146:10.1186/1477-7517-10-36
914:Advertising for tobacco
853:, and according to the
775:Imperial Tobacco Canada
3281:Loewe, Walter (1999).
2172:Cite journal requires
1979:Harm Reduction Journal
1870:Swedishproducts.online
1430:British Dental Journal
1133:Harm Reduction Journal
995:Health effects of snus
934:
921:
863:Tata Memorial Hospital
703:Tobacco and Vapes Bill
652:cardiovascular disease
630:
511:
505:
388:
373:
367:
361:
345:
340:
274:
266:
258:
209:
179:cardiovascular disease
81:
65:
3315:Jonson, Mats (2018).
2921:– via CTV News.
2739:"Product information"
2718:kitchener.citynews.ca
2523:(in Norwegian BokmÄl)
2064:. 2017. pp. 1â9.
1992:10.1186/1477-7517-5-9
932:
903:
627:
523:or otherwise scented.
272:
255:
207:
71:
49:
2517:"Epok - Kolonial.no"
1802:snuskaufenschweiz.ch
1609:publichealth.jhu.edu
952:Catherine deâ Medici
784:medical practitioner
3344:. Svensk Tobaks AB.
3074:10.1093/ntr/ntab030
2795:. 24 November 2023.
2623:www.riigiteataja.ee
2330:10.1093/ntr/ntab030
2082:. 13 November 2015.
2043:. 15 February 2010.
2037:"Tabacs en Algerie-
1891:https://www.dmws.nl
780:health practitioner
3342:Om tobak i Sverige
3262:www.etymonline.com
2838:. 19 December 2013
2720:. 19 December 2023
1954:on 6 November 2015
1737:"Nordic Spirit UK"
1532:The New York Times
1268:10.1093/ntr/nty002
935:
922:
875:cell proliferation
767:convenience stores
709:on 20 March 2024.
631:
295:Sodium Bicarbonate
275:
267:
248:Tobacco-based snus
210:
82:
66:
3326:978-1-63158-381-0
3298:"Snus production"
3018:(e1): e145âe146.
2969:(e1): e145âe146.
2694:. 31 October 2022
2647:eur-lex.europa.eu
2253:(e1): e145âe146.
2137:978-1-86016-177-3
1920:External link in
1755:www.oireachtas.ie
1382:10.1111/add.16114
1331:10.1111/add.15703
1208:10.1002/ijc.34643
1202:(12): 1942â1953.
1064:(e1): e145âe146.
788:drug manufacturer
675:smoking cessation
648:colorectal cancer
640:pancreatic cancer
636:esophageal cancer
461:, juniper berry,
441:Smokeless tobacco
285:, Sweden. Later,
262:of Swedish brand
175:colorectal cancer
167:pancreatic cancer
163:esophageal cancer
16:(Redirected from
3378:
3371:Tobacco products
3346:
3345:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3183:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3076:
3067:(9): 1590â1596.
3052:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2986:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2858:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:. 23 August 2018
2803:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2764:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2492:"Epok | Meny.no"
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2443:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2323:(9): 1590â1596.
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2270:
2238:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2160:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2093:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2059:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2004:
1994:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1946:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1461:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1393:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1325:(4): 1128â1138.
1316:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1219:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1166:
1148:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1081:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1025:
904:Tobacco shop in
879:oxidative stress
831:tobacco products
668:low birth weight
556:) effect on the
514:
508:
467:Swedish Food Act
376:
370:
364:
358:
355:
352:
348:
291:Sodium Carbonate
261:
195:low birth weight
144:nicotine pouches
140:nicotine product
133:
132:
131:
125:
123:[ËsnÊËs]
120:
114:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
54:under the brand
21:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3338:
3334:
3327:
3313:
3309:
3294:
3290:
3279:
3275:
3266:
3264:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3222:
3215:
3160:
3156:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3053:
3049:
3012:Tobacco Control
3004:
3000:
2963:Tobacco Control
2955:
2951:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2917:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2896:
2894:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2871:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2839:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2816:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2745:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2723:
2721:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2651:
2649:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2627:
2625:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2603:
2601:
2590:
2586:
2577:
2575:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2550:
2548:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2526:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2501:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2476:
2474:
2463:
2459:
2450:
2448:
2436:
2432:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2374:
2372:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2309:
2305:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2247:Tobacco Control
2239:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2122:
2118:
2106:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1888:
1884:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1809:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1760:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1655:(9490): 966â7.
1645:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1560:
1553:
1544:
1542:
1524:
1517:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1482:
1475:
1422:
1415:
1361:
1354:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1248:
1241:
1187:
1180:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1099:
1095:
1058:Tobacco Control
1050:
1046:
1037:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1000:Chewing tobacco
991:
927:
843:
827:
759:
723:
715:
683:
664:premature birth
622:
608:, menthol, etc.
572:Dipping tobacco
527:Chewing tobacco
509:in Swedish and
491:or fruit (e.g.
477:bioavailability
443:
435:
419:
356:
353:
350:
250:
191:premature birth
136:tobacco product
134:) is a Swedish
127:
126:
118:
112:
92:
88:
42:
39:Snuff (tobacco)
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3384:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3348:
3347:
3332:
3325:
3307:
3288:
3273:
3249:
3213:
3154:
3136:
3118:
3096:
3047:
2998:
2949:
2924:
2903:
2878:
2848:
2823:
2798:
2784:
2754:
2730:
2705:
2679:
2658:
2634:
2610:
2584:
2557:
2533:
2508:
2498:(in Norwegian)
2483:
2473:(in Norwegian)
2457:
2430:
2406:
2381:
2356:
2344:
2303:
2282:
2230:
2218:
2193:
2174:|journal=
2143:
2136:
2116:
2085:
2067:
2046:
2028:
2016:
1965:
1933:
1882:
1857:
1827:
1818:
1789:
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