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in 1466. He later moved to Rome where he created a pair of globes and a world map for the
Vatican Library in 1477. He continued to prepare updates and revisions of Ptolemy's atlas for several years. The last contemporary record of his activity comes from a fellow German scholar, Conrad Celtes, who
225:
The 1482 editions of Ulm and
Berlinghieri contain the first modern maps (derived from Germanus) to appear in print. Germanus introduced other cartographic innovations including the use of dots or circles to mark the exact position of localities and dotted lines to indicate frontiers.
179:) drawn using a trapezoid projection of which Germanus claimed to be the author. In the so-called "Donis projection", latitude is reflected by parallel lines while longitude lines converge towards the pole. This recension served as the basis for the Rome edition of
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His last recension (1468 to 1482) added two more maps depicting Italy and
Palestine and extended the world map to include northern Europe, although his placement of Iceland and Greenland were notably less accurate than his previous portrayal. Printed in 1482,
139:) where he was prior of the Benedictine monastery in 1442. It appears that he was trained in cosmography around 1460 and arrived in Italy by 1464. He lived first in Florence where he compiled astrological tables and produced his first revision of Ptolemy's
206:. The world map in this recension was drawn using the homeotheric projection which Ptolemy called superior but more difficult to construct. This recension was the basis for the Ulm edition printed in 1482 and 1486 in Ulm. It was the first edition of
266:. In 1466 while in Florence, he prepared an astrological table for the Duke Borso d'Este which demonstrated his ability to calculate the positions of the planets for several years in the future. In Rome he prepared a similar astrological table for
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to be printed north of the Alps and the first atlas to be colored in-house prior to sale. It was printed using woodcuts prepared by
Johannes de Armsheim who first introduced the practice of engravers signing their maps.
202:) covering northern Europe, Spain and France. His representation of the Scandinavian region, including Iceland and Greenland, reflected a more accurate depiction provided by Danish cartographer
168:
were authored by
Germanus or immediately copied from his work. Except for the 1482 Florence edition, all versions printed in the fifteenth century were based on his manuscripts.
109:
version of their birth name. Nicolaus
Germanus is the Latin form of the name "Nicholas the German". His full birth name is unknown. His name is sometimes preceded by "
407:
Babicz, JĂłzef (1987). "The
Celestial and Terrestrial Globes of the Vatican Library, Dating from 1477, and their Maker Donnus Nicolaus Germanus (ca 1420 – ca 1490)".
453:
Dalché, Patrick
Gautier (2007). "9 - The Reception of Ptolemy's Geography (End of the Fourteenth to Beginning of the Sixteenth Century)". In Woodward, David (ed.).
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for the globes and an additional seven ducats to add the papal coat of arms and provide two covers. The globes were listed in an inventory of 1481 and kept in the
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by applying new projections, adding additional maps, and contributing other innovations that were influential in the development of
Renaissance cartography.
132:
591:
171:
Scholars group his manuscripts into three recensions (versions), roughly based on the number of maps included and the type of
596:
571:
525:
Van Duzer, Chet (2014-11-28). "Ptolemy from
Manuscript to Print: New York Public Library's Codex Ebnerianus (MS MA 97)".
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met him in Florence and wrote that Nicolaus complained bitterly about others getting the glory and profit for his work.
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Meurer, Peter H. (2007). "42 - Cartography in the German Lands, 1450–1650". In Woodward, David (ed.).
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used. His first recension (ca. 1460 to 1466) contains only the original twenty-seven Ptolemaic maps (
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Nothing is known about the early life of Nicolaus Germanus. He first appears in the records of the
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Nicolaus Germanus was an influential figure in the modernization and popularization of Ptolemy's
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In 1477, Nicolaus Germanus created a terrestrial and a celestial globe for inclusion in the new
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Shedding the Veil: Mapping the European Discovery of America and the New World
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also adopted the trapezoid projection in 1480 for his manuscript version of
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In the fifteenth century it was common for scholars and artisans to adopt a
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The second recension (1466 to 1468) includes the twenty-seven
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A modern book illustration of the world map in the Ulm Ptolemy
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491:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 1182–1183.
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uses a mix of maps from this recension and earlier ones.
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506:. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. p.
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485:The History of Cartography, Volume 3, Part 2
456:The History of Cartography, Volume 3, Part 1
23:Nicolaus Germanus's 1467 manuscript copy of
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462:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
262:Nicolaus Germanus was also a competent
183:printed in 1478 and reprinted in 1490.
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477:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
427:The Earliest Printed Maps, 1472-1500
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471:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
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16:15th-century German cartographer
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55:from Holle's 1482 edition of
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366:Campbell 1987 pp. 9, 123-124
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597:15th-century German writers
572:Medieval German geographers
430:. London: British Library.
185:Henricus Martellus Germanus
10:
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339:Meurer 2007 pp. 1182-1183
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587:15th-century geographers
467:Fischer, Joseph (1913).
238:. Germanus was paid 200
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496:Suárez, Thomas (1992).
424:Campbell, Tony (1987).
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121:("Lord" or "Master").
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474:Catholic Encyclopedia
51:Johannes Schnitzer's
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567:German cartographers
498:"6. The Known World"
248:sack of Rome in 1527
198:and three new maps (
469:"Nicolaus Germanus"
411:(35–37): 155–168.
357:Campbell 1987 p. 9
348:Campbell 1987 p. 9
254:by fifteen years.
133:Reichenbach Priory
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375:Edson 2007 p. 139
137:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
70:Nicolaus Germanus
35:in the northwest.
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533:(1): 1–11.
527:Imago Mundi
393:Babicz 1987
384:Babicz 1987
308:Babicz 1987
81: 1490
77: 1420
33:Scandinavia
561:Categories
274:References
264:astrologer
220:Geographia
208:Geographia
189:Geographia
181:Geographia
166:Geographia
162:Geographia
155:Geographia
153:Ptolemy's
79: – c.
547:0308-5694
279:Citations
258:Astrology
141:Geography
107:Latinized
94:Geography
62:Geography
53:world map
29:world map
446:60006950
417:41628836
135:(now in
119:Dominus
89:Ptolemy
57:Ptolemy
25:Ptolemy
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240:ducats
230:Globes
113:" or "
111:Donnus
489:(PDF)
460:(PDF)
413:JSTOR
148:Works
115:Donus
543:ISSN
512:ISBN
442:OCLC
432:ISBN
127:Life
101:Name
535:doi
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