1357:
50:
453:
548:
728:
539:, whose Vice President was prevented by Cáceres from taking office. Pierola was successful in overthrowing Cáceres and once again became president of Peru in 1895. The politician's second coup became very controversial for it was realized in a messianic and very violent fashion: over a thousand people were murdered in what was supposed to be Pierola's triumphal entry into Lima.
602:. This was widely seen as a terrible political mistake, since he was defeated by an independent coalition led by Agustín Elguera. He ran again for the presidency in 1904, but withdrew before the election took place. His influence in politics faded away and he made another political mistake by supporting his brothers Carlos, Isaías and Amadeo in
480:, Piérola ordered what was left of the Army to protect the capital. In this way, the Peruvian army and poorly armed citizens that volunteered to the fight were set up to defend Lima. Fooled by the enemy, Piérola expected a Chilean assault from the north of the city, and marched with a large contingent of troops to the city of
506:, yet was unsuccessful commanding Peruvian forces from there also. To make matters worse, Chile had never recognized his government. Chile installed its own Government in Lima, and Piérola was soon forced to resign in the midst of the conflict on November 28 of that same year. What remained of his forces was gathered by
574:
One of his most successful reforms was the issuing of the "Libra
Peruana", gold currency of the same value as the British Sovereign, which gave Peru unprecedented monetary stability. The country started a slow but steady economic reform that effectively minimized the recession, while at the same time
460:
Piérola, after securing the loyalty of the troops that were in the capital, launched a ruthless campaign to censor the press. "El
Comercio", the oldest newspaper in the capital, did not appear for 3 years. The Army was purged, and in several cases the seniority was ignored. Officers loyal to Pierola
570:
It is generally accepted that his
Presidency inaugurated the "Aristocratic Republic", a period in which the economic and political "elite" was the sole and undisputed ruling class of the country. This period was marked with the reconstruction of a devastated Peru by initiating fiscal, military,
360:. He requested, from the Parliament, broad powers in order to negotiate with several companies and to get the best possible deal. The result of his negotiations, the so-called "Hires Dreyfus" treaty was signed with a French company, the "Dreyfus Brothers".
367:
exports. Though successful at first, he was later accused and impeached under Pardo's administration of misappropriating funds, but was honorably acquitted of dishonest practice after he managed to obtain the support of
Congress.
439:
During the course of these events, Piérola took advantage of
President Prado's absence and proclaimed himself "Supreme Commander in Chief" on December 21. With part of the Army supporting his actions, he launched a successful
149:
145:
881:
866:
487:
At the end, the
Chilean assault was launched from the south. In this way, and with no reinforcements available, the Peruvian forces were defeated in the battles of San Juan and
169:
137:
552:
1679:
1509:
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1471:
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in charge of the government and decided to leave for Europe to buy more armament and secure more money for the war. Many
Peruvians (and parts of the
491:, and the city of Lima fell in January 1881 to the forces of General Baquedano. The southern suburbs of Lima, including the upscale beach area of
1476:
656:
2280:
1388:
1356:
827:
2275:
324:
567:, and thus he was not challenged by any other candidate. He was elected President after receiving 4150 votes out of 4310 valid votes.
1519:
732:
2285:
1779:
1575:
696:
603:
2210:
1815:
1805:
1747:
1789:
399:"Huáscar" surrendered to the government two days later, after almost one month of sabotage actions. Piérola was taken to
523:
However, this was not the end of Piérola as he would prove himself president of Peru years later as the leader of the
1654:
906:
1381:
916:
856:
820:
1968:
1912:
1096:
770:
614:
106:
2144:
2114:
1206:
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2255:
1659:
444:, with heavy fighting and casualties between both factions. Piérola assumed full power on December 23, 1879.
2154:
1999:
1281:
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1151:
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allowed an effective modernization of the State. He also sponsored the immigration of
Japanese citizens to
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His political influence continued to decline during his final years. He died in Lima in 1913. In the
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were put in charge based only in their political allegiance rather than experience. General
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1216:
1066:
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153:
8:
2029:
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1852:
1526:
492:
1887:
1705:
1161:
598:
In 1900, Pierola intended to return to politics, this time running for the
Mayorship of
384:" was seized at Callao port by followers of de Pierola. Led by the retired Navy Captain
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1994:
1872:
1669:
1397:
1056:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1026:
886:
661:
563:
For the
Peruvian Elections of 1895, Piérola's platform included several members of the
421:
320:, and later obtained his law degree from the Faculty of Law. His parents died in 1857.
69:
1737:
1326:
1251:
1241:
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2019:
2014:
1963:
1948:
1927:
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1306:
1296:
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2064:
1958:
981:
420:
Piérola was finally allowed to come back to Peru in 1879, taking advantage of the
385:
2220:
2099:
1953:
1907:
1633:
1618:
1111:
991:
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396:", they were forced to flee by two British ships, the "Amethyst" and the "Shah".
2169:
1892:
617:, his great-nephew Nicolás de Piérola Balta (also a great-grandson of President
582:
Thus, his second term was successfully completed in 1899 and, in the same year,
323:
He married Doña Jesusa de Iturbide, believed to be the illegitimate daughter of
2104:
2079:
2044:
1943:
1867:
1784:
1341:
1316:
1156:
1141:
1116:
780:
436:) took this as an excuse for his inability to govern in the middle of the war.
429:
181:
94:
49:
1311:
1291:
527:, which he had founded in 1882. In 1894, after associating his party with the
510:, who was able to launch a guerrilla war against the invading Chilean forces.
2239:
2194:
2054:
1989:
1973:
1346:
1331:
971:
452:
1061:
618:
404:
357:
1897:
556:
363:
The treaty granted the Dreyfus house of Paris the monopoly of the Peruvian
20:
547:
308:
Nicolás de Piérola was born and educated in the southern Peruvian city of
2159:
2084:
2069:
424:(1879–1883) with Chile. In the course of these deliberations, President
335:. She died in 1914, one year after Piérola's death, in the house in the
2134:
677:"Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas - Histórico - Relación de Ministros"
531:
of Peru to organize guerillas with fighters to occupy Lima, he ousted
1366:
805:
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309:
221:
1423:
24:
1748:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1904 between Chile and Bolivia
727:
400:
332:
288:" ("The Caliph"); January 5, 1839 – June 23, 1913) was a
1439:
535:, who had taken control of the government after the death of
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473:
376:
On May 6, 1877, in an attempt to overthrow the government of
364:
1418:
840:
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576:
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313:
289:
245:
241:
225:
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in 1881, Piérola had to abandon the capital and leave for
472:
After several defeats that the Peruvian Army suffered in
403:
after he surrendered, he preferred to remove himself to
282:
José Nicolás Baltasar Fernández de Piérola y Villena
1680:
Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina
1510:
Expulsion of Chileans from Bolivia and Peru in 1879
1487:Boundary Treaty of 1874 between Chile and Bolivia
1472:Boundary Treaty of 1866 between Chile and Bolivia
2237:
551:Piérola and his followers enter Lima in (1895).
31: and the second or maternal family name is
127:September 8, 1895 – September 8, 1899
84:December 23, 1879 – November 28, 1881
1382:
821:
456:Chilean charge during the Battle of San Juan.
447:
371:
16:President of Peru variously in the late 1800s
469:viewed their influence severely diminished.
1477:Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru)
1389:
1375:
828:
814:
48:
2271:Peruvian people of the War of the Pacific
2266:Ministers of economy and finance of Peru
1520:Naval campaign of the War of the Pacific
546:
495:, were sacked and burned to the ground.
451:
1780:Torpedo boats in the War of the Pacific
1576:Land campaign of the War of the Pacific
694:ONPE - Historia Y Estadistica Electoral
518:
2238:
1816:Consequences of the War of the Pacific
1396:
835:
392:in which, at the helm of the monitor "
347:
300:, from 1879 to 1881 and 1895 to 1899.
1370:
809:
415:
410:
325:Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte
1790:Strategies of the War of the Pacific
2281:Democratic Party (Peru) politicians
388:, it took part in the inconclusive
13:
2276:Peruvian people of Spanish descent
654:
593:
150:Alejandro López de Romaña Alvizuri
65:"Supreme Commander-in-Chief"
14:
2297:
1806:Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute
1655:Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos
720:
513:
342:
298:President of the Republic of Peru
1355:
726:
657:"Las casonas del Centro de Lima"
296:who served as the 23rd and 31st
2286:Leaders who took power by coup
761:("Supreme Commander-in-Chief")
705:
687:
669:
648:
571:religious, and civil reforms.
303:
146:Manuel Pablo Olaechea Guerrero
1:
2211:Abel-Nicolas du Petit-Thouars
641:
542:
498:After Chilean forces invaded
352:From 1868 to 1871, he became
1969:Pedro José Domingo de Guerra
586:, a prominent member of the
23:, the first or paternal
7:
2115:Cornelio Saavedra Rodríguez
1482:Peruvian Saltpeter Monopoly
624:
10:
2302:
2155:Galvarino Riveros Cárdenas
2000:José Luis Araneda Carrasco
1675:Chilean occupation of Peru
1660:Chorrillos order of battle
699:February 18, 2007, at the
636:List of presidents of Peru
615:1990 presidential election
448:Supreme Commander-in-Chief
372:Coup attempt against Prado
339:he had purchased in 1869.
318:Seminario de Santo Toribio
170:Augusto Seminario Váscones
138:Antonio Bentín y La Fuente
18:
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1982:
1936:
1913:Francisco García Calderón
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794:
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777:
771:Francisco García Calderón
767:
754:
746:
741:
590:, was elected president.
428:left his vice president,
316:to study theology at the
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107:Francisco García Calderón
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2095:Eleuterio Ramírez Molina
1639:Order of Battle at Tacna
1614:Tacna and Arica campaign
712:Nicolás de Piérola Balta
537:Remigio Morales Bermúdez
525:Democratic Party of Peru
2150:Juan Williams Rebolledo
2090:Pedro Julio Quintavalla
2025:Marcos Segundo Maturana
1918:Leoncio Prado Gutiérrez
1811:Puna de Atacama dispute
1701:Battle of La Concepción
1598:Battle of San Francisco
798:Eduardo López de Romaña
606:to overthrow President
584:Eduardo López de Romaña
194:Eduardo López de Romaña
142:Manuel Antonio Barinaga
2145:José Velásquez Bórquez
1883:Lizardo Montero Flores
1858:Andrés Avelino Cáceres
1549:Battle of Punta Gruesa
1467:Atacama border dispute
907:Gutiérrez de la Fuente
560:
533:Andrés Avelino Cáceres
508:Andrés Avelino Cáceres
467:Lizardo Montero Flores
463:Andrés Avelino Cáceres
457:
166:Guillermo Billinghurst
2040:Ignacio Carrera Pinto
1863:Mariano Ignacio Prado
1848:Miguel Grau Seminario
1753:Treaty of Lima (1929)
1629:Battle of Los Ángeles
1624:Bombardment of Callao
750:Mariano Ignacio Prado
550:
455:
426:Mariano Ignacio Prado
407:and later to Europe.
378:Mariano Ignacio Prado
327:, the son of Emperor
2256:People from Arequipa
2125:Robert Souper Howard
2120:Roberto Silva Renard
2060:Alejandro Gorostiaga
2035:Estanislao del Canto
1743:Treaty of Valparaíso
1722:Battle of Huamachuco
1665:Battle of Miraflores
735:at Wikimedia Commons
519:Coup against Cáceres
2190:Diego Dublé Almeyda
2180:Ramón Allende Padín
2165:Domingo Santa María
2160:Jorge Montt Álvarez
2030:Manuel Bulnes Pinto
1903:Juan Guillermo More
1853:Francisco Bolognesi
1527:Blockade of Iquique
1237:Bustamante y Rivero
897:Salazar y Baquíjano
621:) was a candidate.
354:Minister of Finance
348:Minister of Economy
329:Agustín de Iturbide
294:Minister of Finance
2261:Presidents of Peru
2175:Alberto Blest Gana
2050:Luis Cruz Martínez
2005:Luis Gómez Carreño
1995:Juan de Dios Aldea
1923:Luis Germán Astete
1878:Nicolás de Piérola
1873:Mariano Bustamante
1670:Occupation of Lima
1593:Battle of Tarapacá
1398:War of the Pacific
742:Political offices
733:Nicolás de Piérola
561:
458:
422:War of the Pacific
416:Coup against Prado
411:War of the Pacific
271:Jesusa de Iturbide
70:War of the Pacific
42:Nicolás de Piérola
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2110:Óscar Viel y Toro
2075:Juan José Latorre
1829:
1828:
1821:Charaña agreement
1761:
1760:
1588:Tarapacá campaign
1583:Battle of Topater
1566:Battle of Pisagua
1554:Battle of Angamos
1544:Battle of Iquique
1539:Battle of Chipana
1448:
1447:
1364:
1363:
882:Bernardo de Tagle
867:Bernardo de Tagle
804:
803:
795:Succeeded by
788:President of Peru
768:Succeeded by
762:
757:President of Peru
731:Media related to
655:Planas, Enrique.
608:Augusto B. Leguía
390:Battle of Pacocha
279:
278:
154:José Jorge Loayza
115:President of Peru
73:
63:President of Peru
2293:
2216:Roque Sáenz Peña
2140:Gregorio Urrutia
2020:Orozimbo Barbosa
2015:Manuel Baquedano
1964:Mariano Baptista
1949:Ladislao Cabrera
1928:Emilio Cavenecia
1888:Melitón Carvajal
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1706:Battle of Pucará
1685:Battle of Sangra
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1127:Morales Bermúdez
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778:Preceded by
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631:Politics of Peru
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2100:Enrique Simpson
1978:
1954:Narciso Campero
1932:
1908:Miguel Iglesias
1825:
1794:
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1738:Treaty of Ancón
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1710:
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1643:
1634:Battle of Tacna
1619:Battle of Arica
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1516:Naval Maneuvers
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1257:Prado Ugarteche
1232:Prado Ugarteche
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1167:Pardo y Barreda
1097:García Calderón
1072:F. Diez Canseco
1057:P. Diez Canseco
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1027:P. Diez Canseco
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239:(aged 74)
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2170:Aníbal Pinto
1898:Juan Fanning
1893:Juan Buendía
1877:
1572:Land Battles
1405:Participants
1177:Billinghurst
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917:Luna Pizarro
857:Luna Pizarro
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337:jirón Áncash
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237:(1913-06-23)
189:Succeeded by
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102:Succeeded by
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32:
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21:Spanish name
2251:1913 deaths
2246:1839 births
2185:Juana López
2085:Arturo Prat
2070:Pedro Lagos
1460:preliminary
1262:Pérez Godoy
1207:Elías Arias
1162:S. Calderón
872:Riva Agüero
662:El Comercio
529:Civil Party
442:coup d'état
304:Early years
284:(known as "
263:(from 1884)
258:(1882-1884)
177:Preceded by
90:Preceded by
2240:Categories
2135:Luis Uribe
2010:Juan Bravo
1560:Amphibious
937:Santa Cruz
892:Santa Cruz
852:San Martín
837:Presidents
642:References
619:José Balta
543:Presidency
493:Chorrillos
489:Miraflores
405:Valparaíso
358:José Balta
215:1839-01-05
1834:Personnel
1799:Aftermath
1322:Kuczynski
1227:Benavides
1182:Benavides
1067:Gutiérrez
1017:San Román
1007:Echenique
992:Figuerola
962:Figuerola
932:Salaverry
286:El Califa
123:In office
80:In office
1502:Refugees
1453:Timeline
1347:Boluarte
1342:Castillo
1327:Vizcarra
1302:Paniagua
1297:Fujimori
1112:Iglesias
1077:Zevallos
1022:Castilla
1012:Castilla
1002:Castilla
997:Menéndez
987:Menéndez
977:Castilla
947:Menéndez
927:Bermúdez
922:Orbegoso
697:Archived
625:See also
553:Painting
504:Ayacucho
310:Arequipa
290:Peruvian
222:Arequipa
19:In this
1937:Bolivia
1773:General
1766:Aspects
1424:Bolivia
1337:Sagasti
1277:Velasco
1267:Lindley
1247:Noriega
1212:Jiménez
1157:Candamo
1147:Piérola
1142:Candamo
1137:Cáceres
1132:Borgoño
1122:Cáceres
1107:Cáceres
1102:Montero
1092:Piérola
967:Vivanco
952:Torrico
942:Gamarra
912:Gamarra
887:Bolívar
394:Huáscar
382:Huáscar
33:Villena
29:Piérola
25:surname
2204:Others
1731:Ending
1412:Allied
1332:Merino
1317:Humala
1312:García
1307:Toledo
1292:García
1192:Leguía
1172:Leguía
1152:Romaña
1117:Arenas
902:La Mar
862:La Mar
401:Callao
333:Mexico
268:Spouse
1983:Chile
1440:Chile
1433:Chile
1252:Odría
1242:Odría
1197:Ponce
1087:Prado
1082:Pardo
1062:Balta
1052:Prado
1042:Pezet
1037:Prado
1032:Pezet
982:Elías
972:Nieto
957:Vidal
877:Sucre
482:Ancón
478:Arica
474:Tacna
365:guano
113:31st
61:23rd
1841:Peru
1715:1883
1694:1882
1648:1881
1607:1880
1496:1879
1419:Peru
841:Peru
600:Lima
577:Peru
500:Lima
476:and
314:Lima
246:Peru
242:Lima
232:Died
226:Peru
209:Born
839:of
555:by
331:of
27:is
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68:(
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