3135:
2431:
2543:
3147:
1029:
In models in which R-parity is conserved and the lightest of the four neutralinos is the LSP, the lightest neutralino is stable and is eventually produced in the decay chain of all other superpartners. In such cases supersymmetric processes at accelerators are characterized by the expectation of a
1068:
Neutralino dark matter could be observed experimentally in nature either indirectly or directly. For indirect observation, gamma ray and neutrino telescopes look for evidence of neutralino annihilation in regions of high dark matter density such as the galactic or solar centre. For direct
1017:
The exact properties of each neutralino will depend on the details of the mixing (e.g. whether they are more higgsino-like or gaugino-like), but they tend to have masses at the weak scale (100 GeV ~ 1 TeV) and couple to other particles with strengths characteristic of the
1073:(CDMS) seek to detect the rare impacts of WIMPs in terrestrial detectors. These experiments have begun to probe interesting supersymmetric parameter space, excluding some models for neutralino dark matter, and upgraded experiments with greater sensitivity are under development.
1030:
large discrepancy in energy and momentum between the visible initial and final state particles, with this energy being carried off by a neutralino which departs the detector unnoticed. This is an important signature to discriminate supersymmetry from
Standard Model backgrounds.
548:
conserving models, the lightest neutralino is stable and all supersymmetric cascade-decays end up decaying into this particle which leaves the detector unseen and its existence can only be inferred by looking for unbalanced momentum in a detector.
403:
444:
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2240:
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1087:
1006:
1005:
of the mass operator called "neutralinos". In many models the lightest of the four neutralinos turns out to be the
1082:
2980:
2970:
2955:
2892:
408:
2747:
3100:
2965:
239:(MSSM), a popular model of realization of supersymmetry at a low energy, there are four neutralinos that are
3151:
2985:
2902:
2732:
2727:
2712:
2522:
2337:
1070:
2940:
2827:
2670:
940:
The mass splittings between the different neutralinos will dictate which patterns of decays are allowed.
2960:
1274:
1038:
As a heavy, stable particle, the lightest neutralino is an excellent candidate to form the universe's
2460:
2413:
1154:
2685:
2527:
1825:
1211:
Feng, Jonathan L. (2010). "Dark Matter
Candidates from Particle Physics and Methods of Detection".
1099:
2650:
2602:
2381:
2016:
1643:
1377:
2316:
1653:
1093:
530:
136:
1342:
2635:
2532:
2403:
1096: – Particle that is its own antiparticle because all of its generalized charges are zero
998:
1234:
3173:
3139:
2907:
2655:
2577:
2492:
2453:
1318:
1268:
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1179:
Martin, Stephen P. (2010). "Chapter 1: A Supersymmetry Primer". In Kane, Gordon L. (ed.).
8:
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1338:
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1188:
529:(decays that happen in multiple steps) of heavier particles usually originating from
1250:
3064:
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2587:
2517:
2497:
2408:
2179:
1954:
1815:
1800:
1482:
1393:
1238:
1184:
1039:
502:
943:
Up to present, neutralinos have never been observed or detected in an experiment.
3120:
3005:
2502:
2376:
2301:
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2225:
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486:
162:
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172:
152:
1302:
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and leave approximately the right relic abundance to account for the observed
3167:
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2004:
1974:
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228:
206:
196:
1026:, and so are not directly observable in particle detectors at accelerators.
2371:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1662:
1613:
1555:
1477:
1432:
1057:
506:
130:
16:
Neutral mass eigenstate formed from superpartners of gauge and Higgs bosons
1042:. In many models the lightest neutralino can be produced thermally in the
3090:
3054:
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2567:
2476:
2386:
2154:
2057:
2052:
1969:
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1621:
1585:
1447:
1133:
1047:
990:
526:
398:{\displaystyle {\tilde {\chi }}_{1}^{0},\ldots ,{\tilde {\chi }}_{4}^{0}}
3085:
2922:
2772:
2625:
2128:
2022:
2012:
1994:
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1785:
1437:
1362:
1022:. In this way, except for mass, they are phenomenologically similar to
1002:
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3110:
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2123:
2089:
2082:
1959:
1949:
1944:
1916:
1684:
1467:
1023:
498:
243:
and are electrically neutral, the lightest of which is stable in an
2777:
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1356:(7A). Revised September 2009 by M. Drees & G. Gerbier: 255–260.
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in copious numbers. They would primarily appear as particles in
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If they exist, these particles would only interact with the
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2872:
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2722:
2047:
1979:
1939:
1515:
1510:
1009:(LSP), though other particles may also take on this role.
973:
from its partner particle. Since the superpartners of the
552:
The heavier neutralinos typically decay through a neutral
1270:
Particle Dark Matter: Observations, Models and
Searches
1090: – Lightest new particle in a supersymmetric model
247:
conserved scenario of MSSM. They are typically labeled
1127:
Martin, Stephen P. (2008). "A Supersymmetry Primer".
1069:
observation, special purpose experiments such as the
946:
411:
337:
1168:(7). Updated August 2009 by J.-F. Grivaz: 1309–1319.
1327:Also published as Chapter 8 in Bertone (2010)
438:
397:
3165:
955:particles have partner particles with the same
1033:
2461:
1378:
1262:
1260:
556:to a lighter neutralino or through a charged
1336:
1148:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
521:, so they would not be directly produced at
1213:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
439:{\displaystyle {\tilde {\chi }}_{i}^{\pm }}
2468:
2454:
1385:
1371:
1297:
1257:
1155:"Supersymmetry, Part II (Experiment)"
997:) have the same quantum numbers, they can
1312:
1224:
1132:
1111:
1392:
485:These four states are composites of the
1266:
3166:
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1206:
1204:
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2449:
1366:
1304:Supersymmetric Dark Matter Candidates
237:Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
3146:
1210:
512:
3184:Supersymmetric quantum field theory
1243:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101659
1201:
1100:Weakly interacting slender particle
1063:weakly interacting massive particle
1050:. A lightest neutralino of roughly
505:, each of them is identical to its
493:(which are the neutral electroweak
235:is a hypothetical particle. In the
13:
947:Origins in supersymmetric theories
331:(the heaviest) although sometimes
14:
3200:
3189:Hypothetical elementary particles
1267:Bertone, Gianfranco, ed. (2010).
533:supersymmetric particles such as
3145:
3134:
3133:
2541:
2429:
2322:Timeline of particle discoveries
1088:Lightest supersymmetric particle
1012:
1007:lightest supersymmetric particle
2475:
3101:Galaxy formation and evolution
1330:
1291:
1172:
1142:
1139:Also published in Kane (2010).
1083:List of hypothetical particles
1065:(WIMP) dark matter candidate.
959:except for the quantum number
419:
378:
345:
1:
1181:Perspectives on Supersymmetry
1105:
951:In supersymmetry models, all
2523:Self-interacting dark matter
2338:History of subatomic physics
1071:Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
7:
2681:Navarro–Frenk–White profile
2671:Massive compact halo object
2666:Mass dimension one fermions
1337:Nakamura, K.; et al. (
1149:Nakamura, K.; et al. (
1076:
1034:Relationship to dark matter
10:
3205:
1301:; Olive, Keith A. (2010).
1275:Cambridge University Press
18:
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1400:
642:
501:. As the neutralinos are
215:
205:
195:
171:
161:
151:
143:
129:
39:
31:
2686:Scalar field dark matter
2528:Scalar field dark matter
2355:mathematical formulation
1950:Eta and eta prime mesons
19:Not to be confused with
2017:Double-charm tetraquark
1235:2010ARA&A..48..495F
2551:Hypothetical particles
2533:Primordial black holes
1094:Truly neutral particle
440:
399:
137:truly neutral particle
2636:Dark globular cluster
2414:Wave–particle duality
2404:Relativistic particle
1541:Electron antineutrino
560:to a light chargino:
441:
400:
2656:Dwarf galaxy problem
2578:Minicharged particle
2493:Baryonic dark matter
1644:Faddeev–Popov ghosts
1394:Particles in physics
1350:Journal of Physics G
1162:Journal of Physics G
446:is used to refer to
409:
335:
163:Electric charge
2419:Particle chauvinism
2362:Subatomic particles
1339:Particle Data Group
1323:2010pdmo.book..142E
1151:Particle Data Group
963:, which differs by
497:), and the neutral
435:
394:
361:
28:
2661:Halo mass function
2621:Cuspy halo problem
1044:hot early universe
519:weak vector bosons
455:(In this article,
436:
412:
405:is also used when
395:
371:
338:
207:Baryon number
197:Lepton number
26:
3161:
3160:
3106:Illustris project
3040:
3039:
2513:Mixed dark matter
2508:Light dark matter
2443:
2442:
2399:Massless particle
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2168:
2167:
2031:
2030:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1791:Magnetic monopole
1739:
1738:
1630:
1629:
1571:
1570:
1551:Muon antineutrino
1536:Electron neutrino
1284:978-0-521-76368-4
1194:978-981-4307-48-2
936:
935:
513:Expected behavior
503:Majorana fermions
422:
381:
348:
225:
224:
157:> 300 GeV
3196:
3149:
3148:
3137:
3136:
2701:
2700:
2641:Dark matter halo
2588:Sterile neutrino
2545:
2544:
2518:Warm dark matter
2498:Cold dark matter
2470:
2463:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2433:
2409:Virtual particle
2180:Mesonic molecule
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
1955:Bottom eta meson
1863:
1862:
1854:
1853:
1826:W′ and Z′ bosons
1816:Sterile neutrino
1801:Majorana fermion
1668:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1582:
1581:
1561:Tau antineutrino
1416:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1347:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1316:
1295:
1289:
1288:
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1208:
1199:
1198:
1185:World Scientific
1183:. Vol. II.
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1159:
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1140:
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1134:hep-ph/9709356v5
1124:
1060:
1055:
1040:cold dark matter
1020:weak interaction
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971:
967:
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928:
923:
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912:
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891:
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834:
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831:
824:
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810:
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778:
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605:
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565:
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523:hadron colliders
489:and the neutral
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297:
288:
287:
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276:
268:(the lightest),
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255:
191:
189:
188:
185:
182:
125:
124:
123:
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114:
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101:
93:
92:
83:
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72:
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62:
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59:
51:
50:
29:
25:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3197:
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3193:
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3163:
3162:
3157:
3125:
3121:UniverseMachine
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3036:
3015:
2933:
2927:
2705:
2696:
2690:
2613:
2607:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2503:Hot dark matter
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2479:
2474:
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2439:
2423:
2377:Nuclear physics
2326:
2290:
2226:Davydov soliton
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2138:
2099:
2027:
1999:
1926:
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1735:
1694:
1648:
1626:
1608:
1567:
1487:
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1391:
1361:
1345:
1335:
1331:
1296:
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1209:
1202:
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1177:
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1112:
1108:
1079:
1061:is the leading
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957:quantum numbers
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868:Missing energy
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3111:Imaginary mass
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3103:
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3088:
3082:
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3060:HVC 127-41-330
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3051:
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3020:Other projects
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2646:Dark radiation
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2436:Physics portal
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2350:Standard Model
2347:
2346:
2345:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2317:Quasiparticles
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2213:Quasiparticles
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2009:
2007:
2005:Exotic hadrons
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1831:X and Y bosons
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1604:W and Z bosons
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:Strange (quark
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1329:
1290:
1283:
1256:
1200:
1193:
1171:
1141:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1035:
1032:
1014:
1011:
953:Standard Model
948:
945:
938:
937:
934:
933:
929:
918:
910:
903:
900:
896:
887:
879:
872:
869:
866:
859:
853:
845:
838:
835:
829:
821:
814:
811:
804:
796:
789:
782:
776:
768:
761:
758:
751:
743:
736:
729:
722:
714:
706:
705:
698:
690:
682:
679:
672:
664:
656:
653:
650:
643:
641:
635:
627:
620:
617:
610:
602:
595:
588:
581:
573:
527:cascade decays
514:
511:
483:
482:
469:
461:
433:
428:
421:
418:
392:
387:
380:
377:
370:
367:
364:
359:
354:
347:
344:
324:
316:
303:
295:
282:
274:
261:
253:
223:
222:
219:
213:
212:
209:
203:
202:
199:
193:
192:
175:
169:
168:
165:
159:
158:
155:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
133:
127:
126:
119:
111:
98:
90:
77:
69:
56:
48:
41:
37:
36:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3201:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3154:
3153:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:Negative mass
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:Exotic matter
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:Smith's Cloud
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3047:dark galaxies
3043:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Mirror matter
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:Exotic matter
2392:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2382:Eightfold way
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:Antiparticles
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2043:Atomic nuclei
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:Upsilon meson
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Lambda baryon
1905:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Dual graviton
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:Superpartners
1660:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1546:Muon neutrino
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Bottom (quark
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1343:"Dark Matter"
1340:
1333:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1135:
1130:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1013:Phenomenology
1010:
1008:
1004:
1001:to form four
1000:
996:
992:
991:neutral higgs
988:
984:
980:
976:
962:
958:
954:
944:
941:
904:
901:
873:
870:
867:
860:
839:
836:
815:
812:
790:
783:
762:
759:
737:
730:
708:
707:
702:
683:
680:
676:
657:
654:
651:
644:
621:
618:
596:
589:
567:
566:
563:
562:
561:
559:
555:
550:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
479:
453:
452:
451:
449:
431:
426:
416:
390:
385:
375:
368:
365:
362:
357:
352:
342:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:supersymmetry
220:
218:
217:R parity
214:
210:
208:
204:
200:
198:
194:
176:
174:
170:
166:
164:
160:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
132:
128:
42:
38:
34:
30:
22:
3150:
3138:
2582:
2434:
2105:Hypothetical
2053:Exotic atoms
1922:Omega baryon
1912:Sigma baryon
1902:Delta baryon
1720:
1654:Hypothetical
1636:Ghost fields
1622:Higgs boson
1556:Tau neutrino
1448:Charm (quark
1353:
1349:
1332:
1303:
1293:
1269:
1216:
1212:
1180:
1174:
1165:
1161:
1144:
1067:
1037:
1028:
1016:
950:
942:
939:
551:
543:
516:
507:antiparticle
484:
476:is used for
232:
226:
131:Antiparticle
35:Hypothetical
3174:Dark matter
3091:Dark energy
3055:HE0450-2958
2697:experiments
2631:Dark galaxy
2614:and objects
2568:Dark photon
2486:dark matter
2477:Dark matter
2387:Quark model
2155:Theta meson
2058:Positronium
1970:Omega meson
1965:J/psi meson
1895:Antineutron
1806:Dark photon
1771:Graviphoton
1730:Stop squark
1438:Down (quark
1299:Ellis, John
1219:: 495–545.
1048:dark matter
1003:eigenstates
3168:Categories
3086:Antimatter
3045:Potential
2773:DAMA/LIBRA
2626:Dark fluid
2583:Neutralino
2129:Heptaquark
2090:Superatoms
2023:Pentaquark
2013:Tetraquark
1995:Quarkonium
1885:Antiproton
1786:Leptoquark
1721:Neutralino
1483:antiquark)
1473:antiquark)
1468:Top (quark
1463:antiquark)
1453:antiquark)
1443:antiquark)
1433:antiquark)
1402:Elementary
1341:) (2010).
1153:) (2010).
1106:References
989:) and the
480:#1, etc.)
233:neutralino
27:Neutralino
3070:VIRGOHI21
3027:MultiDark
2934:detection
2818:EDELWEISS
2706:detection
2651:Dark star
2367:Particles
2312:Particles
2271:Polariton
2261:Plasmaron
2231:Dropleton
2124:Hexaquark
2095:Molecules
2083:Protonium
1960:Phi meson
1945:Rho meson
1917:Xi baryon
1849:Composite
1685:Gravitino
1428:Up (quark
1314:1001.3651
1226:1003.0904
1024:neutrinos
499:higgsinos
448:charginos
432:±
420:~
417:χ
379:~
376:χ
366:…
346:~
343:χ
3179:Fermions
3140:Category
2932:Indirect
2788:DarkSide
2778:DAMA/NaI
2612:Theories
2484:Forms of
2343:timeline
2195:R-hadron
2150:Glueball
2134:Skyrmion
2068:Tauonium
1781:Inflaton
1776:Graviton
1756:Curvaton
1726:Sfermion
1716:Higgsino
1711:Chargino
1672:Gauginos
1531:Neutrino
1516:Antimuon
1506:Positron
1501:Electron
1411:Fermions
1251:11972078
1077:See also
995:higgsino
800:N͂
747:C͂
718:N͂
606:N͂
577:N͂
546:R-parity
495:gauginos
478:chargino
465:C͂
320:N͂
299:N͂
278:N͂
257:N͂
245:R-parity
241:fermions
221:−1
115:N͂
94:N͂
73:N͂
52:N͂
21:neutrino
3152:Commons
3079:Related
3011:VERITAS
2986:IceCube
2946:ANTARES
2898:TREX-DM
2883:ROSEBUD
2873:PICASSO
2331:Related
2302:Baryons
2276:Polaron
2266:Plasmon
2241:Fracton
2236:Exciton
2190:Diquark
2185:Pomeron
2160:T meson
2117:Baryons
2078:Pionium
2063:Muonium
1990:D meson
1985:B meson
1890:Neutron
1875:Nucleon
1867:Baryons
1858:Hadrons
1821:Tachyon
1796:Majoron
1761:Dilaton
1690:Photino
1526:Antitau
1493:Leptons
1319:Bibcode
1231:Bibcode
987:photino
981:), the
975:Z boson
968:⁄
865:
861:
788:
784:
735:
731:
649:
645:
594:
590:
558:W boson
554:Z boson
539:gluinos
535:squarks
531:colored
190:
178:
3006:PAMELA
2941:AMS-02
2923:ZEPLIN
2893:SIMPLE
2868:PandaX
2863:NEWS-G
2858:NEWAGE
2823:EURECA
2803:DM-Ice
2793:DARWIN
2758:CRESST
2748:COSINE
2743:CoGeNT
2704:Direct
2695:Search
2307:Mesons
2256:Phonon
2251:Magnon
2173:Others
2143:Mesons
2036:Others
1932:Mesons
1880:Proton
1744:Others
1699:Others
1680:Gluino
1614:Scalar
1594:Photon
1577:Bosons
1420:Quarks
1281:
1249:
1191:
1056:
983:photon
927:ν
895:ν
231:, the
135:self (
40:Symbol
32:Status
3032:PVLAS
2991:MAGIC
2971:Fermi
2966:DAMPE
2956:CALET
2918:XMASS
2913:XENON
2903:UKDMC
2888:SABRE
2853:NAIAD
2848:MIMAC
2843:MACRO
2813:DRIFT
2808:DMTPC
2783:DAMIC
2763:CUORE
2753:COUPP
2738:CLEAN
2718:ANAIS
2563:Axion
2558:Axino
2295:Lists
2286:Trion
2281:Roton
2221:Anyon
2048:Atoms
1811:Preon
1751:Axion
1706:Axino
1599:Gluon
1586:Gauge
1346:(PDF)
1309:arXiv
1247:S2CID
1221:arXiv
1158:(PDF)
1129:arXiv
1052:10–10
144:Types
3001:OGLE
2981:HESS
2976:HAWC
2961:CAST
2951:ATIC
2908:WARP
2878:PICO
2828:KIMS
2798:DEAP
2733:CDMS
2728:CDEX
2723:ArDM
2713:ADMX
2603:WISP
2598:WIMP
2593:SIMP
2246:Hole
2073:Onia
1980:Kaon
1940:Pion
1511:Muon
1279:ISBN
1189:ISBN
979:zino
961:spin
491:wino
487:bino
310:and
173:Spin
153:Mass
2996:MOA
2833:LUX
2573:LSP
1521:Tau
1239:doi
1058:GeV
1054:000
999:mix
544:In
537:or
227:In
3170::
2838:LZ
2768:D3
1354:37
1352:.
1348:.
1317:.
1307:.
1277:.
1273:.
1259:^
1245:.
1237:.
1229:.
1217:48
1215:.
1203:^
1187:.
1166:37
1164:.
1160:.
1113:^
924:+
902:+
893:+
871:+
863:→
837:+
813:+
786:→
760:+
733:→
681:+
655:+
647:→
619:+
541:.
509:.
450:.
289:,
105:,
84:,
63:,
2469:e
2462:t
2455:v
2019:)
2015:(
1732:)
1728:(
1386:e
1379:t
1372:v
1325:.
1321::
1311::
1287:.
1253:.
1241::
1233::
1223::
1197:.
1137:.
1131::
993:(
985:(
977:(
970:2
966:1
930:â„“
914:â„“
897:â„“
883:â„“
849:W
825:W
805:1
772:W
752:1
723:2
694:â„“
668:â„“
631:Z
611:1
592:→
582:2
470:1
427:i
391:0
386:4
369:,
363:,
358:0
353:1
325:4
304:3
283:2
262:1
211:0
201:0
187:2
184:/
181:1
167:0
147:4
139:)
120:4
99:3
78:2
57:1
23:.
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