31:
168:
mass after it decomposes as compared with atmospheric air at 20.95%. Nitrous oxide also boils at −127.3 °F (−88.5 °C) at atmospheric pressures and offers significant cooling from the latent heat of vaporization, which also aids in increasing the overall air charge density significantly compared to natural aspiration.
167:
can also be used to artificially increase the mass of oxygen present in the intake air. This is accomplished by injecting liquid nitrous oxide into the intake, which supplies significantly more oxygen in a given volume than is possible with atmospheric air. Nitrous oxide is 36.3% available oxygen by
370:
Most motor vehicle engines are naturally-aspirated engines; however, turbocharging and supercharging are currently a very popular way of boosting power output for a number car marques.
144:, in addition to being influenced by induction system restriction, is also affected by engine speed and atmospheric pressure, the latter of which decreases as the operating
180:
petrol engines, as well as many small engines used for non-automotive purposes, are naturally aspirated. Most modern diesel engines powering highway vehicles are
140:
of less than 100 percent—and a less than complete air charge in the cylinder. The density of the air charge, and therefore the engine's maximum theoretical
400:
17:
393:
326:
968:
1062:
386:
163:
is employed to facilitate increasing the mass of intake air beyond what could be produced by atmospheric pressure alone.
907:
355:
585:
232:
The advantages and disadvantages of a naturally aspirated engine in relation to a same-sized engine relying on
824:
882:
466:
286:
Increased power loss at higher elevation (due to lower air pressure) compared to forced induction engines
1057:
409:
65:
1018:
932:
897:
877:
829:
737:
197:
125:
109:
1013:
854:
563:
788:
610:
213:
727:
568:
275:
185:
137:
112:) or an air/fuel mixture (traditional Otto cycle petrol engines), is drawn into the engine's
722:
494:
73:
8:
872:
770:
500:
30:
793:
590:
37:
595:
535:
486:
205:
113:
887:
844:
803:
752:
717:
638:
625:
334:
233:
152:
77:
998:
709:
558:
515:
306:
261:
Less potential for overheating and or uncontrolled combustion (pinging/ knocking)
217:
193:
141:
129:
209:
864:
834:
689:
456:
301:
201:
133:
132:. Owing to innate restriction in the engine's inlet tract, which includes the
1051:
1036:
927:
920:
742:
674:
669:
633:
550:
490:
451:
441:
378:
281:
164:
101:
653:
648:
615:
520:
510:
446:
430:
189:
181:
160:
156:
97:
85:
81:
1031:
915:
732:
684:
643:
600:
530:
41:
1003:
963:
942:
937:
839:
747:
679:
605:
545:
476:
296:
200:. Turbocharging is nearly universal on diesel engines that are used in
177:
105:
958:
699:
694:
481:
461:
255:
254:
More direct throttle response than a turbo system due to the lack of
981:
977:
849:
580:
505:
471:
221:
145:
136:, a small pressure drop occurs as air is drawn in, resulting in a
1008:
892:
251:
Increased reliability, partly due to fewer separate, moving parts
216:, for example). Forced induction is also used with reciprocating
819:
798:
575:
525:
121:
117:
69:
973:
420:
36:
In stroke #1, the pistons suck in (aspirate) air to the
96:
In a naturally aspirated engine, air for combustion (
220:
to negate some of the power loss that occurs as the
1049:
227:
408:
394:
356:"What is a Naturally Aspirated Engine ?"
258:(an advantage also shared with superchargers)
401:
387:
116:by atmospheric pressure acting against a
467:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
34:Typical airflow in a four-stroke engine:
29:
155:engine, in which a mechanically driven
14:
1050:
327:"What is a normally aspirated engine?"
248:Lower development and production costs
382:
24:
27:Type of internal combustion engine
25:
1074:
265:
569:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
171:
348:
319:
91:
13:
1:
312:
245:Easier to maintain and repair
239:
184:to produce a more favourable
333:. 2008-09-02. Archived from
228:Advantages and disadvantages
224:climbs to higher altitudes.
7:
290:
214:electrical power generation
10:
1079:
1063:Internal combustion engine
410:Internal combustion engine
108:in petrol engines, namely
66:internal combustion engine
50:naturally aspirated engine
18:Naturally-aspirated engine
1027:
991:
951:
906:
878:Diesel particulate filter
863:
830:Idle air control actuator
812:
779:
771:Engine control unit (ECU)
761:
708:
662:
624:
544:
429:
416:
151:This is in contrast to a
124:travels downwards toward
54:normally aspirated engine
943:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
855:Throttle position sensor
564:Overhead camshaft layout
280:Decreased potential for
482:Core plug (freeze plug)
110:petrol direct injection
45:
276:power-to-weight ratio
186:power-to-weight ratio
159:or an exhaust-driven
138:volumetric efficiency
104:or specific types of
56:, and abbreviated to
33:
723:Compression ignition
271:Decreased efficiency
192:, as well as better
74:atmospheric pressure
873:Catalytic converter
120:that occurs as the
40:through the opened
999:Knocking / pinging
591:Combustion chamber
128:during the intake
126:bottom dead centre
76:and does not have
72:depends solely on
52:, also known as a
46:
38:combustion chamber
1058:Engine technology
1045:
1044:
1014:Stratified charge
781:Electrical system
763:Engine management
596:Compression ratio
536:Starter ring gear
435:rotating assembly
208:, and commercial
198:exhaust emissions
16:(Redirected from
1070:
888:Exhaust manifold
753:Spark plug wires
639:Boost controller
626:Forced induction
403:
396:
389:
380:
379:
373:
372:
367:
366:
352:
346:
345:
343:
342:
323:
234:forced induction
218:aircraft engines
153:forced-induction
78:forced induction
21:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1023:
1019:Top dead centre
987:
947:
902:
859:
808:
782:
775:
764:
757:
704:
658:
620:
576:Tappet / lifter
559:Flathead layout
549:
540:
434:
425:
412:
407:
377:
376:
364:
362:
354:
353:
349:
340:
338:
325:
324:
320:
315:
307:Manifold vacuum
293:
268:
242:
230:
194:fuel efficiency
174:
134:intake manifold
94:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
988:
986:
985:
971:
966:
961:
955:
953:
949:
948:
946:
945:
940:
935:
930:
924:
923:
918:
912:
910:
908:Cooling system
904:
903:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
869:
867:
865:Exhaust system
861:
860:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
835:Inlet manifold
832:
827:
822:
816:
814:
810:
809:
807:
806:
801:
796:
791:
785:
783:
780:
777:
776:
774:
773:
767:
765:
762:
759:
758:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
714:
712:
706:
705:
703:
702:
697:
692:
690:Fuel injection
687:
682:
677:
672:
666:
664:
660:
659:
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
630:
628:
622:
621:
619:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
572:
571:
566:
561:
555:
553:
542:
541:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
457:Connecting rod
454:
449:
444:
438:
436:
427:
426:
417:
414:
413:
406:
405:
398:
391:
383:
375:
374:
347:
317:
316:
314:
311:
310:
309:
304:
302:Fuel injection
299:
292:
289:
288:
287:
284:
278:
272:
267:
264:
263:
262:
259:
252:
249:
246:
241:
238:
229:
226:
212:applications (
206:marine engines
173:
170:
118:partial vacuum
93:
90:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1075:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
990:
983:
979:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
954:
950:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
922:
921:Water cooling
919:
917:
914:
913:
911:
909:
905:
899:
898:Oxygen sensor
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
866:
862:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
815:
813:Intake system
811:
805:
804:Starter motor
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
784:
778:
772:
769:
768:
766:
760:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:Ignition coil
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
713:
711:
707:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
675:Petrol engine
673:
671:
670:Diesel engine
668:
667:
665:
661:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
634:Blowoff valve
632:
631:
629:
627:
623:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
554:
552:
551:Cylinder head
547:
543:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
496:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
442:Balance shaft
440:
439:
437:
432:
428:
424:
422:
415:
411:
404:
399:
397:
392:
390:
385:
384:
381:
371:
361:
360:Private Fleet
357:
351:
337:on 2013-06-22
336:
332:
328:
322:
318:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
285:
283:
279:
277:
273:
270:
269:
266:Disadvantages
260:
257:
253:
250:
247:
244:
243:
237:
235:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
169:
166:
165:Nitrous oxide
162:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
102:diesel engine
99:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:in which air
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
39:
32:
19:
928:Electric fan
728:Coil-on-plug
654:Turbocharger
649:Supercharger
521:Main bearing
511:Firing order
501:Displacement
447:Block heater
431:Engine block
419:Part of the
418:
369:
363:. Retrieved
359:
350:
339:. Retrieved
335:the original
331:ask.cars.com
330:
321:
231:
190:torque curve
182:turbocharged
175:
172:Applications
161:turbocharger
157:supercharger
150:
142:power output
98:Diesel cycle
95:
86:supercharger
82:turbocharger
61:
57:
53:
49:
47:
952:Lubrication
916:Air cooling
733:Distributor
685:Fuel filter
663:Fuel system
644:Intercooler
611:Timing belt
601:Head gasket
531:Piston ring
188:, a higher
148:increases.
92:Description
42:inlet valve
1052:Categories
1004:Power band
964:Oil filter
938:Thermostat
883:EGT sensor
845:MAF sensor
840:MAP sensor
825:Air filter
789:Alternator
748:Spark plug
680:Carburetor
606:Rocker arm
546:Valvetrain
477:Crankshaft
421:Automobile
365:2017-02-17
341:2015-10-18
313:References
297:Carburetor
274:Decreased
240:Advantages
210:stationary
196:and lower
178:automobile
106:Otto cycle
80:through a
738:Glow plug
700:Fuel tank
695:Fuel pump
462:Crankcase
256:turbo lag
236:include:
114:cylinders
1037:Category
982:Dry sump
978:Wet sump
969:Oil pump
933:Radiator
850:Throttle
710:Ignition
581:Camshaft
506:Flywheel
487:Cylinder
472:Crankpin
291:See also
222:aircraft
202:railroad
146:altitude
64:, is an
1009:Redline
893:Muffler
794:Battery
718:Magneto
1032:Portal
820:Airbox
799:Dynamo
526:Piston
516:Stroke
495:layout
423:series
282:tuning
130:stroke
122:piston
70:intake
992:Other
616:Valve
586:Chest
176:Most
100:in a
84:or a
974:Sump
491:bank
452:Bore
959:Oil
548:and
433:and
60:or
58:N/A
1054::
980:,
493:,
368:.
358:.
329:.
204:,
88:.
62:NA
48:A
984:)
976:(
497:)
489:(
402:e
395:t
388:v
344:.
44:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
